单片机简介中文翻译
单片机专业术语英汉互译文本
单片机专业术语英汉互译文本单片机是一种微型计算机，广泛应用于嵌入式系统和物联网领域。
在单片机的开发和应用中，涉及到大量的专业术语，下面是一些常用的英汉互译文本。
1. Microcontroller - 单片机2. Microprocessor - 微处理器3. Firmware - 固件4. Hardware - 硬件5. Embedded system - 嵌入式系统6. Interrupt - 中断7. Timer - 定时器9. Counter - 计数器10. Analog to digital converter (ADC) - 模数转换器11. Digital to analog converter (DAC) - 数模转换器12. Input/output (I/O) - 输入输出13. Port - 端口14. Pin - 引脚15. Memory - 存储器16. Flash memory - 闪存17. Random access memory (RAM) - 随机存取存储器18. Read only memory (ROM) - 只读存储器19. Electrically erasable programmable read only memory (EEPROM) - 可擦写可编程只读存储器21. Universal asynchronous receiver transmitter (UART) - 通用异步收发器22. Inter-integrated circuit (I2C) - 串行总线23. Serial peripheral interface (SPI) - 串行外设接口24. Pulse width modulation (PWM) - 脉宽调制25. Direct memory access (DMA) - 直接内存存取26. Debugging - 调试27. In-circuit debugging (ICD) - 端口调试28. Debugger - 调试器29. Integrated development environment (IDE) - 集成开发环境30. Bootloader - 引导程序32. System on chip (SoC) - 系统芯片33. Low power consumption - 低功耗34. Power management unit (PMU) - 电源管理单元35. Crystal oscillator - 晶振36. Clock cycle - 时钟周期37. Bit - 位38. Byte - 字节39. Word - 字40. Assembly language - 汇编语言41. C programming language - C语言42. High level language - 高级语言44. Integrated circuit (IC) - 集成电路45. Field programmable gate array (FPGA) - 现场可编程门阵列46. Printed circuit board (PCB) - 印制电路板47. Soldering - 焊接48. Surface mount technology (SMT) - 表面贴装技术49. Through-hole technology (THT) - 通孔技术。
单片机缩写的英文全称及中文名称
单片机缩写的英文全称及中文名称单片机缩写的英文全称是Microcontroller，中文名称是微控制器。
一、引言单片机（Microcontroller）是一种集成电路芯片，能够实现计算、处理和控制功能。
它由微处理器核心、存储器、输入输出接口等多种电子元件组成，广泛应用于各种电子产品中。
在单片机的缩写中，“Micro”表示微型或微小，“controller”表示控制器。
本文将介绍单片机的英文全称及中文名称，并解释其在电子领域中的重要性。
二、单片机的英文全称及简介单片机的英文全称是Microcontroller，简称MCU。
它是一种在单个芯片上集成了微处理器核心和各种外围设备，如存储器、定时器、模拟输入输出接口等的集成电路。
单片机主要用于控制和处理各种电子设备，包括个人电脑、手机、汽车电子、家用电器等。
三、单片机的中文名称及优势单片机的中文名称是微控制器。
与传统的微处理器相比，单片机具有体积小、功耗低、成本低等优势。
由于其整合了多种外围设备，单片机可以实现复杂的控制和计算功能，极大地简化了电子产品的设计和制造过程。
单片机还具备易于编程与编译、易于调试的特点，使得开发人员可以更快速、更高效地完成各种应用。
四、单片机的应用领域单片机广泛应用于各种电子产品中，以下是几个主要的应用领域：1. 汽车电子：单片机在汽车电子中扮演着重要的角色，可以实现引擎控制、车身控制、安全控制等功能，提高了汽车的性能和安全性。
2. 家用电器：单片机被应用于各种家电产品，如空调、洗衣机、电视等。
它能够实现多种功能，提供更高的智能化和人性化体验。
3. 工业控制：单片机在工业自动化领域中得到广泛应用。
它可以实现对机械设备、生产线等的监控和控制，提高了生产效率和质量。
4. 通信设备：单片机在通信领域中扮演重要角色，如手机、电子支付终端等。
它可以实现数据处理、通信协议支持等功能，保证了通信设备的正常运行。
五、单片机的发展趋势随着科技的不断发展，单片机在未来将继续迎来更大的发展空间。
单片机英文翻译(原理)
单片机的简介
单片机的简介单片机（Microcontroller Unit，简称MCU）是一种集成了微处理器核心、存储器、输入输出接口和定时器等功能于一体的集成电路芯片。
它具有体积小、功耗低、成本低廉等特点，广泛应用于各种电子设备中。
本文将对单片机的基本特点、应用领域以及优缺点进行简要介绍。
一、单片机的基本特点单片机主要由中央处理器（CPU）、存储器、输入输出接口（I/O）和定时器等组成。
其核心部分是CPU，负责执行程序，处理数据。
常见的单片机有8位、16位和32位等不同位数的CPU。
存储器包括程序存储器（ROM）和数据存储器（RAM），用于存储程序和数据。
输入输出接口（I/O）用于与外部设备进行通信，可实现数据输入、输出等功能。
定时器用于产生精确的时间延迟。
单片机具有体积小、功耗低的特点，由于其集成度高，外部元器件少，因此相对于传统的电路设计方案，可以大大减小产品体积和功耗。
此外，单片机具有较高的可编程性，可以根据需求进行程序设计，实现各种功能。
其性价比也较高，适合大规模生产。
二、单片机的应用领域由于单片机具有体积小、功耗低、成本低等特点，因此在各个领域都有广泛的应用。
1. 家电控制：单片机广泛应用于家用电器，如洗衣机、冰箱、电视等。
通过控制单片机，可以实现温度控制、计时器功能等。
2. 工业自动化：单片机在工业设备和自动化领域也有重要应用。
例如，可以通过单片机实现对机器设备的监控和控制，提高生产效率和质量。
3. 交通领域：单片机在交通领域有着广泛的应用，如智能交通信号灯、车辆控制系统等。
通过单片机的智能控制，可以提高交通流量和安全性。
4. 医疗设备：单片机在医疗设备中具有重要地位，如心电图仪、血压计等。
通过单片机的高精度控制和数据处理，可以提高医疗设备的性能和准确性。
5. 智能家居：随着物联网的发展，单片机在智能家居领域有着广泛应用。
通过单片机的控制，可以实现家庭安防、远程控制等功能。
三、单片机的优缺点1. 优点：a. 体积小、功耗低：由于单片机的集成度高，体积相对较小，适合应用于体积有限的电子设备中，并且其功耗低，有助于延长电池寿命。
单片机的简介
单片机一、单片机的历史单片机诞生于20世纪70年代末，经历了SCM、MCU、SoC三大阶段。
1.SCM即单片微型计算机（Single Chip Microcomputer）阶段，主要是寻求最佳的单片形态嵌入式系统的最佳体系结构。
“创新模式”获得成功，奠定了SCM与通用计算机完全不同的发展道路。
在开创嵌入式系统独立发展道路上，Intel公司功不可没。
2.MCU即微控制器（Micro Controller Unit）阶段，主要的技术发展方向是：不断扩展满足嵌入式应用时，对象系统要求的各种外围电路与接口电路，突显其对象的智能化控制能力。
它所涉及的领域都与对象系统相关，因此，发展MCU的重任不可避免地落在电气、电子技术厂家。
从这一角度来看，Intel逐渐淡出MCU的发展也有其客观因素。
在发展MCU方面，最著名的厂家当数Philips公司。
Philips公司以其在嵌入式应用方面的巨大优势，将MCS-51从单片微型计算机迅速发展到微控制器。
因此，当我们回顾嵌入式系统发展道路时，不要忘记Intel和Philips的历史功绩。
3.单片机是嵌入式系统的独立发展之路，向MCU 阶段发展的重要因素，就是寻求应用系统在芯片上的最大化解决；因此，专用单片机的发展自然形成了SoC 化趋势。
随着微电子技术、IC设计、EDA工具的发展，基于SoC的单片机应用系统设计会有较大的发展。
因此，对单片机的理解可以从单片微型计算机、单片微控制器延伸到单片应用系统。
二、单片机发展史1971年intel公司研制出世界上第一个4位的微处理器；Intel公司的霍夫研制成功世界上第一块4位微处理器芯片Intel 4004，标志着第一代微处理器问世，微处理器和微机时代从此开始。
因发明微处理器，霍夫被英国《经济学家》杂志列为“二战以来最有影响力的7位科学家”之一。
1971年11月，Intel推出MCS-4微型计算机系统（包括4001 ROM芯片、4002 RAM芯片、4003移位寄存器芯片和4004微处理器）其中4004（下图）包含2300个晶体管，尺寸规格为3mm×4mm，计算性能远远超过当年的ENIAC，最初售价为200美元。
单片机中英文翻译
外文资料Outline, Application and Development of the singlechipThe singlechip is one kind of integrated circuit chip, which uses the ultra large-scale technology and has the data-handling capacity (for example arithmetic operation, logic operation, data transfer, interrupt processing) the microprocessor (CPU), random access data-carrier storage (RAM), read-only program memory (ROM), input output circuit (I/O), possibly also includes fixed time the counter, serial passes unguardedly (SCI), demonstration actuation electric circuit (LCD or LED actuation electric circuit), pulse-duration modulation electric circuit (PWM), simulation multichannel switch and A/Electric circuit and so on D switch integrates to together the monolith chip on, constitutes to be smallest the computer system which however consummates. These electric circuits can under the software control accurate, be rapid, highly effective complete the procedure designer preset the duty.From this looked that, singlechip has the function which the microprocessor does not have, it may alone complete the intellectualization control function which the modern industry control requests, this is singlechip biggest characteristic.However singlechip also is different with the single trigger, the chip before the development, it only has the function greatly strengthened ultra large scale integrated circuit, if entrusts with it the specific procedure, it then is youngest, the integrity microcomputer control system, it (PC machine) has the essential difference with the single trigger or the personal computing, singlechip application belongs to the chip level application, needs the user to understand singlechip chip the structure and the command system as well as other integrated circuit application technologies and the system design need theory and technology, with such specific chip design application procedure, thus causes this chip to have the specific function.The different singlechip has the different hardware characteristic and the software characteristic, namely their technical characteristic is different, the hardware characteristic is decided by singlechip chip internal structure, the user must use some kind of singlechip, must understand whether this product does satisfy the characteristic target which the need the function and the application system requests. Here technical characteristic including function characteristic, control characteristic and electrical specification and so on, these information needs to obtain from in theproduction merchant technical manual. The software characteristic is refers to the command system characteristic and the development support environment, the instruction characteristic is singlechip addressing way which we is familiar with, the data processing and the logical processing way, input-output characteristic and to power source request and so on. The development support environment is compatible and the probability including the instruction, supports the software (to contain may support development application procedure software resources) and the hardware resources. Must use some model singlechip to develop own application system, master its structure characteristic and the technical characteristic is that we need..Singlechip control system could substitute for before uses control system which the complex electronic circuit or the digital circuit constituted, might the software control realizes, and could realize the intellectualization, now singlechip control category omnipresent, for example correspondence product, domestic electric appliances, intelligent instrument measuring appliance, process control and special-purpose control device and so on, singlechip application domain was more and more widespread.Indeed, singlechip application significance is far is not restricted in its application category or from this the economic efficiency which brings, it fundamentally changed the traditional control method and the design thought more importantly. Is controls technical a revolution, is an important milestone.2.The MCU’s development outlineIn 1946 first electronic accounting machine birth until now, only then 50 years, depends upon microelectronic technology and the semiconductor technology progress, from the electron tube - transistor- integrated circuit - large scale integrated circuit, now together on the chip definitely may integrate several million even more than ten million transistor, causes the computer volume slightly, the function is stronger. Specially in the nearly 20 years time, computer technology obtained the rapid development, the computer in the industry and agriculture, the scientific research, the education, the national defense and the aerospace domain has obtained the widespread application, computer technology already was a national modern science and technology level important symbol.Singlechip is born in the 20th century 70's, looks like F8 monolithic microcomputer which Fairchid Corporation develops. The so-called singlechip is uses the large scale integrated circuit technology the central processing element (Center Processing Unit, Also is Chang Cheng CPU) and the data-carrier storage (RAM), theprogram memory (ROM) and other I/O passes integrates unguardedly on together the chip, constitutes a smallest computer system, but modern singlechip then has added on the severance unit, fixed time unit and A/D transformation and so on more complex, more perfect electric circuit, causes singlechip the function more and more formidable, the application is more widespread.The 20th century 70's, microelectronic technology is being at the development phase, the integrated circuit belongs to the scale development time, each kind of new material new craft not yet mature, singlechip still occupied the primary development phase, the part integration scale also quite small, the function quite was simple, CPU, RAM had generally has also included some simple I/O integrates to the chip on, looks like Farichild Corporation to belong to this type, it also must be joined to the periphery other processing electric circuits just now to constitute the integrity the computing system. The similar singlechip also has Zilog Corporation the Z80 microprocessor.In 1976 INTEL Corporation has promoted the MCS-48 singlechip, this time singlechip is the genuine 8 monolithic microcomputers, and pushes to the market. It is young by the volume, function entire, the price has lowly won the widespread application, has laid the foundation for singlechip development, becomes in singlechip history the important milestone.Under the MCS-48 leadership, after that, each big semiconductor company developed and has developed own singlechip one after another, looked like Zilog Corporation the Z8 series. To the beginning of the 80's, singlechip has developed to the high performance stage, looks like INTEL Corporation the MCS-51 series, Motorola Corporation 6,801 and 6,802 series, Rokwell Corporation 6,501 and 6,502 series and so on, In addition,Japan's famous electrical company NEC and HITACHI all one after another developed had oneself characteristic the special-purpose singlechip.The 80's, world each big company competes to develop the variety multi-purpose strong singlechip, some severaldozens series, more than 300 varieties, this time singlechip belongs approximately truely monolithic, mostly integrated CPU, RAM, ROM, number many I/O connection, many kinds of interruption system, even also has some to bring A/D switch singlechip, function more and more formidable, RAM and ROM capacity also more and more big, the addressing space even may reach 64kB, may say, singlechip developed to a brand-new stage, the applicationdomain has been more widespread, many domestic electric appliances moved towards the intellectualized development path which controlled using singlechip.After 1982, 16 singlechips are published, represent the product are INTEL Corporation's MCS-96 series, 16 singlechips compare 8 machine, the data width increased a time, real-time processing ability stronger, the basic frequency is higher, the integration rate had achieved 120,000 transistors, RAM increased to 232 bytes, ROM then has achieved 8kB, and had 8 interrupt sources, at the same time has disposed multichannel A/D transformation channel, high speed I/The O processing unit, is suitable for the more complex control system.After 90's, singlechip obtained the rapid development, the world each big semiconductor company has developed a function more formidable singlechip one after another. American Microchip Corporation had issued one kind of incompatible MCS-51 new generation of PIC series singlechip, has aroused the field widespread interest completely, its product only then 33 simplified the set of instructions to attract many users specially, caused the people to concentrate from the INTEL 111 complex instructions. The PIC singlechip has obtained the fast development, holds the small space in the field.The afterwards matter, the familiar singlechip public figures quite have been all clear, more monolithic aircraft types pour out, MOTOROLA Corporation had issued one after another the MC68HC series singlechip, Japan's several famous companies all developed a performance stronger product, but Japan's singlechip used in generally the special-purpose systems control, but did not look like company and so on INTEL puts in to the market forms the general singlechip. For example NEC Corporation produces the uCOM87 series singlechip, its representative works uPC7811 is one kind of performance quite outstanding singlechip. MOTOROLA Corporation's characteristic and so on MC68HC05 series its high speed low price has won many users.Zilog Corporation's Z8 series product representative works are Z8671, contains BASIC the Debug interpreter, enormous place then user. But American country half COP800 series singlechip then uses the advanced Harvard structure. ATMEL Corporation then perfectly unifies singlechip technology and the advanced Flash memory technology, has issued the performance quite outstanding AT89 series singlechip. Including company and so on China's Taiwan HOLTEK and WINBOND in abundance has also joined singlechip development ranks, by reason of their inexpensive superiority, shares cup of beautiful thick soup.In 1990 American INTEL Corporation promoted 80,960 super 32 singlechips to cause the computer stir, the product has put in the market one after another, became in singlechip history an important milestone.This period, in singlechip field, singlechip variety extraordinary splendour, competes to be the most unusual. Some 8, 16 even 32 machine, but 8 singlechips by its price inexpensive, the variety complete, the application software rich, the support environment were still full, characteristic and so on development convenience but are occupying the dominant position. But INTEL Corporation by reason of their abundant technology, the performance outstanding type and the good foundation, at present was still singlechip mainstream product. Only is the 90's intermediate stages, INTEL Corporation is busy is developing their personal computing microprocessor, not the enough energy continued singlechip technology which develops oneself creates leads, but by company and so on PHILIPS continues to develop the C51 series singlechip.3.Singlechip application domainSinglechip widely applies in the instrument measuring appliance, the domestic electric appliances, the medical equipment, domain and so on aerospace, special purpose equipment intellectualized management and process control, may divide the following several categories approximately:1. On intelligent instrument measuring appliance applicationSinglechip has the volume small, the power loss low, the control function strong, the expansion is nimble, merit and so on microminiaturization and easy to operate, widely applies in the instrument measuring appliance, the union different type sensor, may realize such as physical quantity the and so on voltage, power, frequency, humidity, temperature, current capacity, speed, thickness, angle, length, degree of hardness, element, pressure survey. Uses singlechip control to cause the instrument measuring appliance digitization, the intellectualization, the microminiaturization, also the function compares uses the electron or the digital circuit is more formidable. For example precise measurement equipment (dynamometer, oscilloscope, each kind of analyzer).2. In industry control applicationMay constitute the various formats control system, the data acquisition system with singlechip. For example the factory assembly line intellectualized management, the elevator intellectualization control, each kind of alarm system, constitutes two cascade control systems with the computer networking and so on.3.In domestic electric appliances applicationMay say like this that, the present domestic electric appliances basically have all used singlechip control, praised, the washer, the electric refrigerator, the air conditioner, the color television, other acoustic video frequency equipments from the electricity food, again to the electronic weighting equipment, all kinds of, omnipresent.4.In computer network and correspondence domain applicationOf the modern singlechip has the correspondence connection generally, may very conveniently and the computer carries on the data communication, for provided the extremely good physical conditions application in between the computer network and the communication facility, the present communication facility basically has all realized singlechip intelligence control, from the handset, the telephone, the small program controlled switch, the building automatic correspondence ringing system, the train wireless correspondence, again the mobile phone which everywhere to the routine work in, the colony mobile communication, radio intercom and so on.5.Singlechip in medical equipment domain applicationSinglechip quite is also widespread inmedical equipment use, for example medical life-support machine, each kind of analyzer, , ultrasound diagnosis equipment and hospital bed ringing system and so on.In addition, singlechip in the industry and commerce, the finance, the scientific research, the education, domain and so on national defense aerospace all has the extremely widespread use.4.Singlechip development tendencyNow may say singlechip was all flowers blooms together, the time which hundred school of thought contended, in the world each big chip manufacture company has all promoted own singlechip, from 8, 16 to 32, innumerable, had everything expected to find, has compatibly with the mainstream C51 series, also had not not compatibly, but they unique, became mutually supplementarily, provided the broad world for singlechip application.Looks over singlechip developing process, may indicate singlechip development tendency, has approximately:1. Low power loss CMOS2. The MCS-51 series 8,031 promotes when the power loss reaches 630mW, but the present singlechip all about 100mW, along with more and more is generally low to singlechip power loss request, the present each singlechip manufacturer basic has all used CMOS (complementary metal oxide semiconductor craft). Looked like80C51 to use HMOS (namely high density metal oxide compound semiconductor craft) and CHMOS (supplementary high density metal oxide compound semiconductor craft). CMOS although power loss low, but because its physical characteristic decides its working speed insufficiently high, but CHMOS then had has been high speed and the low power loss characteristic, these characteristics, suited in are requesting the low power loss likely battery power supply the application situation. Therefore this kind of craft will be the main way which the next section of times singlechip will develop.3. Miniature monolithic4. Now the conventional singlechip all is generally the central processor (CPU), the random access data storage (RAM), the read-only program memory (ROM), parallel and the serial communication connection, the interruption system, the timing circuit, the clock electric circuit integration on together the sole chip, the enlargement mode singlechip integrated like A/The D switch, PMW (pulse-duration modulation electric circuit), WDT (watch-dog), some singlechips (liquid crystal) actuate LCD the electric circuit all to integrate on the sole chip, such singlechip contains unit electric circuit more, the function is more formidable. Even singlechip merchant also may act according to the user requiremnetthe body custom make, makes has oneself characteristic singlechip chip.5. In addition, present product universal demand volume small, weight light, this requests singlechip strong and the power loss is low besides the function, but also requests its volume to have to be small. Present many singlechips all have the many kinds of seals form, SMD (superficial seal) more and more receives welcome, to enable the system which constitutes by singlechip towards the microminiaturized direction to develop.3.Mainstream and multi- varieties coexistenceNow although singlechip variety is many, unique, but still as the core singlechip occupies the mainstream take 80C51, the compatible its structure and the command system have PHILIPS Corporation the product, the ATMEL Corporation's product and the Chinese Taiwan's Winbond series singlechip. Therefore C8051 was the core singlechip occupied the half of the country. But Microchip Corporation's PIC simplified the set of instructions (RISC) also to have the strong development tendency, the Chinese Taiwan's HOLTEK Corporation recent years singlechip output grows day by day, if the low price nature superior superiority, occupied a certain market minute volume. In addition also has MOTOROLA Corporation the product, the Japaneseseveral big companies' special-purpose singlechips. In the certain time, this kind of situation will be able to continue, will not have the monopoly aspect which some singlechip unified, will walk will be depends on for existence supplementarily, will complement one another, the communal development path.中文译文单片机概述、应用及发展单片机是一种集成电路芯片，采用超大规模技术把具有数据处理能力(如算术运算，逻辑运算、数据传送、中断处理)的微处理器(CPU)，随机存取数据存储器(RAM)，只读程序存储器(ROM)，输入输出电路(I/O口)，可能还包括定时计数器，串行通信口(SCI)，显示驱动电路(LCD或LED驱动电路)，脉宽调制电路(PWM)，模拟多路转换器及A/D转换器等电路集成到一块单块芯片上，构成一个最小然而完善的计算机系统。
单片机元件名称及中英对照
单片机元件名称及中英对照单片机是一种在微型计算机系统中占核心地位的集成电路，它包含了中央处理器（CPU）、存储器（ROM和RAM）、输入/输出接口等功能模块。
单片机元件名称在嵌入式系统开发中非常重要，能够准确理解和正确使用这些名称是进行嵌入式开发的基础。
下面，我们将介绍一些常见的单片机元件名称，并提供中英对照。
1. CPU（Central Processing Unit，中央处理器）CPU是单片机的核心部件，负责执行各种指令和控制系统的运行。
在单片机中，CPU通常由微处理器和寄存器组成。
2. ROM（Read-Only Memory，只读存储器）ROM是一种只能读取数据但不能写入数据的存储器，单片机中用于存储程序代码和常量数据。
常见的ROM包括EPROM、EEPROM和闪存。
3. RAM（Random Access Memory，随机存取存储器）RAM是一种能够读写数据的存储器，用于存储单片机运行时的变量和临时数据。
RAM具有较快的读写速度，但是数据在断电后会丢失。
4. 输入/输出接口（Input/Output Interface）输入/输出接口是单片机与外部设备进行数据交互的接口。
通过输入/输出接口，单片机可以接收外部设备的输入信号并向外部设备输出指定的数据。
5. 定时器/计数器（Timer/Counter）定时器/计数器是单片机中用于计时和计数的功能模块。
它可以根据外部触发信号或单片机内部时钟来进行计时和计数操作。
6. 中断（Interrupt）中断是单片机中的一种重要的事件处理方式。
当某个外部事件发生时，单片机会暂停当前的执行，并跳转到预设的中断处理程序中执行相应的操作。
7. 存储器映射（Memory Mapping）存储器映射是指将各种存储器元件（如ROM、RAM等）和外设接口按照一定的地址方式进行映射，并使其能够被CPU访问和操作。
8. 串行通信接口（Serial Communication Interface）串行通信接口是单片机与外部设备进行串行数据传输的接口。
单片机简介
1单片机简介1.1内容简介单片机（Single-Chip Microcomputer）是一种集成电路芯片，是采用超大规模集成电路技术把具有数据处理能力的中央处理器CPU、随机存储器RAM、只读存储器ROM、多种I/O口和中断系统、定时器/计数器等功能（可能还包括显示驱动电路、脉宽调制电路、模拟多路转换器、A/D转换器等电路）集成到一块硅片上构成的一个小而完善的微型计算机系统，在工业控制领域广泛应用。
从上世纪80年代，由当时的4位、8位单片机，发展到现在的300M的高速单片机。
单片机又称单片微控制器，它不是完成某一个逻辑功能的芯片，而是把一个计算机系统集成到一个芯片上。
相当于一个微型的计算机，和计算机相比，单片机只缺少了I/O设备。
概括的讲：一块芯片就成了一台计算机。
它的体积小、质量轻、价格便宜、为学习、应用和开发提供了便利条件。
同时，学习使用单片机是了解计算机原理与结构的最佳选择。
单片机的使用领域已十分广泛，如智能仪表、实时工控、通讯设备、导航系统、家用电器等。
从二十世纪九十年代开始，单片机技术就已经发展起来，随着时代的进步与科技的发展，目前该技术的实践应用日渐成熟，单片机被广泛应用于各个领域。
现如今，人们越来越重视单片机在智能电子技术方面的开发和应用，单片机的发展进入到新的时期，无论是自动测量还是智能仪表的实践，都能看到单片机技术的身影。
当前工业发展进程中，电子行业属于新兴产业，工业生产中人们将电子信息技术成功运用，让电子信息技术与单片机技术相融合，有效提高了单片机应用效果。
作为计算机技术中的一个分支，单片机技术在电子产品领域的应用，丰富了电子产品的功能，也为智能化电子设备的开发和应用提供了新的出路，实现了智能化电子设备的创新与发展。
单片机也被称为单片微控器，属于一种集成式电路芯片。
在单片机中主要包含CPU、只读存储器ROM和随机存储器RAM等，多样化数据采集与控制系统能够让单片机完成各项复杂的运算，无论是对运算符号进行控制，还是对系统下达运算指令都能通过单片机完成。
什么是单片机
什么是单片机单片机（Microcontroller）是一种集成了微处理器核心、存储器、输入输出接口、定时器、计数器等功能的集成电路芯片。
它广泛应用于各种电子设备中，如家电、通信设备、工业自动化等领域。
本文将介绍单片机的定义和特点，以及其在现实生活中的应用。
单片机是一种嵌入式系统（Embedded System）的核心组成部分。
嵌入式系统是指通过软硬件的结合，将计算机技术应用到各种电子设备中，实现特定功能的一种系统。
而单片机作为嵌入式系统中的重要部分，以其卓越的性能和可靠的功能，被广泛使用于各个领域。
单片机的核心是微处理器，它可以执行各种运算和逻辑控制操作。
与通用微处理器相比，单片机一般具有较小的存储容量和较低的功耗，因此更加适合于嵌入式系统的设计。
此外，单片机还具有丰富的外设接口，如串口、并口、模拟接口等，使得它可以与外部设备进行数据交换和控制。
单片机具有以下几个特点：1. 集成度高：单片机内部集成了微处理器核心、存储器、外设接口等多个模块，使得整个系统可以简化和紧凑。
2. 低功耗：单片机通常采用低功耗设计，使得它在电池供电和电源稳定性要求较高的场合下表现出色。
3. 准确性高：单片机的时钟和计时模块通常具有较高的精度和稳定性，可以进行精确的计时和控制操作。
4. 编程灵活：通过编程，可以将各种功能和操作指令加载到单片机的存储器中，实现特定的应用需求。
5. 体积小：由于集成度高，单片机的整体尺寸相对较小，适合于小型电子设备的设计。
在现实生活中，单片机有着广泛的应用。
以下是一些常见的应用领域：1. 家电控制：单片机作为家电设备的控制核心，可以实现空调、洗衣机、冰箱等家用电器的功能控制和调节。
2. 通信设备：单片机在手机、路由器、无线对讲机等通信设备中扮演重要的角色，实现数据的传输和信号处理。
3. 工业自动化：单片机在工业控制系统中广泛应用，实现生产线的自动化控制和监测。
4. 智能交通：单片机在智能交通系统中发挥重要作用，如交通信号灯的控制、车辆计数等。
单片机中英文翻译解读
附录一：中文译文单片机介绍单片机也被称为微控制器（Microcontroller Unit），常用英文字母的缩写MCU表示单片机，它最早是被用在工业控制领域。
单片机由芯片内仅有CPU的专用处理器发展而来。
最早的设计理念是通过将大量外围设备和CPU集成在一个芯片中，使计算机系统更小，更容易集成进复杂的而对体积要求严格的控制设备当中。
INTEL的Z80是最早按照这种思想设计出的处理器，从此以后，单片机和专用处理器的发展便分道扬镳。
早期的单片机都是8位或4位的。
其中最成功的是INTEL的8031，因为简单可靠而性能不错获得了很大的好评。
此后在8031上发展出了MCS51系列单片机系统。
基于这一系统的单片机系统直到现在还在广泛使用。
随着工业控制领域要求的提高，开始出现了16位单片机，但因为性价比不理想并未得到很广泛的应用。
90年代后随着消费电子产品大发展，单片机技术得到了巨大提高。
随着INTEL i960系列特别是后来的ARM 系列的广泛应用，32位单片机迅速取代16位单片机的高端地位，并且进入主流市场。
而传统的8位单片机的性能也得到了飞速提高，处理能力比起80年代提高了数百倍。
目前，高端的32位单片机主频已经超过300MHz，性能直追90年代中期的专用处理器，而普通的型号出厂价格跌落至1美元，最高端的型号也只有10美元。
当代单片机系统已经不再只在裸机环境下开发和使用，大量专用的嵌入式操作系统被广泛应用在全系列的单片机上。
而在作为掌上电脑和手机核心处理的高端单片机甚至可以直接使用专用的Windows和Linux操作系统。
单片机比专用处理器更适合应用于嵌入式系统，因此它得到了最多的应用。
事实上单片机是世界上数量最多的计算机。
现代人类生活中所用的几乎每件电子和机械产品中都会集成有单片机。
手机、电话、计算器、家用电器、电子玩具、掌上电脑以及鼠标等电脑配件中都配有1-2部单片机。
而个人电脑中也会有为数不少的单片机在工作。
单片机究竟是什么
单片机1. 名词解释：单片机(Single-Chip Microcomputer)是一种集成电路芯片，也称Microcontroller（MCU）. 包括：中央处理器（CPU), 存储器（RAM和ROM), 输入/输出（I/O), 计时器/计数器（timer, counter)等，集成到一块硅片上构成完善的微型计算机系统。
相比于离线式计算机（比如家用PC）, 单片机是在线式实时控制的计算机。
在线式即现场控制，需要抗干扰能力和较低的成本。
2. 类型：包括8位、16位、32位、ARM、PIC、AVR和基于FPGA的单片机。
通过程序代码控制，存放在存储器中：只读存储器ROM(用来存储用户编译好的程序）, 随机存储器RAM（变量放在随机存储器中）.3. 单片机组成部分：1）CPU核心是单片机的主要计算单元，负责执行程序指令和数据处理。
2）RAM, ROM. 存储器用于存储程序指令、数据和临时变量等。
3）I/O, 输入/输出接口用于与外部设备进行数据交互。
（在单片机上，IO其实就是芯片上的引脚）4）Timer, counter. 时钟和计时器用于提供时间基准和定时功能。
5）晶振的作用就是给单片机提供一个时钟信号，时钟信号使单片机各内部组件同步工作并且和外部设备通信时也能达到同步，时钟信号会形成规律的时钟周期。
时钟周期是单片机内CPU工作最基本的，最小的时间单位，在一个或者多个时钟周期内，一系列的动作被执行。
无晶振，就没有时钟周期，没有时间周期，就无法执行程序代码，单片机无法工作。
4. 应用单片机通常具有较强的实时性能和可编程性，可以通过编程来实现各种功能和任务。
单片机可编程，并支持C, C++和汇编等编程语言。
常用于控制和执行各种嵌入式系统中的任务，如家电、汽车电子、工业自动化、通信设备等。
单片机英文缩写全称及中文名称(整理)(二)
单片机英文缩写全称及中文名称(整理)（二）引言：单片机作为一种重要的嵌入式系统，被广泛应用于各个领域。
在学习和使用单片机时，了解其英文缩写全称及中文名称是非常重要的。
本文整理了单片机的英文缩写全称及中文名称，旨在帮助读者更好地理解和应用单片机技术。
正文：一、常见的单片机英文缩写全称及其中文名称：1. MCU：Microcontroller Unit，中文名称为“微控制器单元”。
微控制器单元是一种集成了中央处理器（CPU）、存储器、输入/输出（I/O）接口以及外设控制器的单片机。
2. SOC：System-on-a-Chip，中文名称为“片上系统”。
片上系统是一种将微处理器、外设和其他功能集成在一颗芯片上的单片机。
3. ARM：Advanced RISC Machines，中文名称为“高级精简指令集机器”。
高级精简指令集机器是一种32位的复杂指令集（CISC）微处理器架构，广泛应用于单片机和嵌入式系统。
4. DSP：Digital Signal Processor，中文名称为“数字信号处理器”。
数字信号处理器是一种专用的微处理器，用于高效地处理数字信号，常用于音频、视频、通信和测控领域。
5. FPGA：Field-Programmable Gate Array，中文名称为“现场可编程门阵列”。
现场可编程门阵列是一种可被用户重新配置和重新编程的集成电路，常用于硬件逻辑设计和数字信号处理。
二、单片机英文缩写全称及中文名称的应用领域：1. 工业控制领域：- PLC：Programmable Logic Controller，可编程逻辑控制器，用于工业自动化控制系统。
- DCS：Distributed Control System，分布式控制系统，用于工业过程控制和监控。
2. 通信领域：- GSM：Global System for Mobile Communications，全球移动通信系统，用于移动通信。
单片机-外文翻译-外文文献-英文文献-单片机简介-中英对照
Single chip brief introductionThe monolithic integrated circuit said that the monolithic micro controller, it is not completes some logical function the chip, but integrates a computer system to a chip on. Summary speaking: A chip has become a computer. Its volume is small, the quality is light, and the price cheap, for the study, the application and the development has provided the convenient condition. At the same time, the study use monolithic integrated circuit is understands the computer principle and the structure best choice.The monolithic integrated circuit interior also uses with the computer function similar module, for instance CPU, memory, parallel main line, but also has with the hard disk behave identically the memory component7 what is different is its these part performance is opposite our home-use computer weak many, but the price is also low, generally does not surpass 10 Yuan then Made some control electric appliance one kind with it is not the 'very complex work foot, We use now the completely automatic drum washer, the platoon petti-coat pipe: VCD and so on Inside the electrical appliances may see its form! It is mainly takes the control section the core part.It is one kind of online -like real-time control computer, online -like is the scene control, needs to have the strong antijamming ability, the low cost, this is also and the off-line type computer (forinstance home use PC,) main differenceThe monolithic integrated circuit is depending on the procedure, and may revise. Realizes the different function through the different procedure, particularly special unique some functions, this is other component needs to take the very big effort to be able to achieve, some are the flowered big strength is also very difficult to achieve. One is not the very complex function, if develops in the 50s with the US 74 series, or the 60s's CD4000 series these pure hardware do decides, the electric circuit certainly arc a big PCB board ! But if, if succeeded in the 70s with the US puts in the market the series monolithic integrated circuit, the result will have the huge difference. Because only the monolithic integrated circuit compiles through you the procedure may realize the high intelligence, high efficiency, as well as redundant reliabilityThe CPU is the key component of a digital computer. Its purpose is to decode instruction received from memory and perform transfers, arithmetic, logic, and control operations with data stored in internal registers, memory, or I/O interface units. Externally, the CPU provides one or more buses for transferring instructions, data, and control information to and from components connected to it. A microcontroller is present in the keyboard and in the monitor in the generic computer; thus these components are also shaded. In such microcontrollers, the CPU may be quite different from those discussed in this chapter. The word lengths may be short, the numberof registers small, and the instruction sets limited. Performance, relatively speaking, is poor, but adequate for the task. Most important, the cost of these microcontrollers is very low, making their use cost effective.Because the monolithic integrated circuit to the cost is sensitive, therefore present occupies the dominant status the software is the most preliminary assembly language7 it was except the binary machine code above the most preliminary language, since why were such preliminary must use?Why high-level did the language already achieve the visualization programming level not to use? The reason is very simple, is the monolithic integrated circuit docs not have home computer such CPU, and also has not looked like the hard disk such mass memory equipment. Inside even if a visualization higher order language compilation script only then a button, also will achieve several dozens K the sizes! Does not speak anything regarding the home use PC hard disk, but says regarding the monolithic integrated circuit cannot accept. The monolithic integrated circuit in the hardware source aspect's use factor must very Gao Caixing, therefore assembly, although primitive actually massively is using, Same truth, if attains supercomputer's on operating system and the application software home use PC to come up the movement, home use PC could also not withstand.It can be said that the 20th century surmounted three "theelectricity" the time, namely the electrical time, the Electronic Age and already entered computer time. However, this kind of computer, usually refers to the personal computer, is called PC machine. It by the main engine, the keyboard, the monitor and so on is composed. Also has a kind of computer, most people actually not how familiar. This kind of computer is entrusts with the intelligence each kind of mechanical monolithic integrated circuit (also to call micro controller). , This kind of computer's smallest system only has used as the name suggests a piece of integrated circuit, then carries on the simple operation and the control. Because its volume is small, usually hides in is accused the machinery "the belly". It in the entire installment, plays is having like the human brains role, it went wrong, the entire installment paralyzed. Now, this kind of monolithic integrated circuit's use domain already very widespread, like the intelligent measuring appliance, the solid work paid by time control, the communication equipment, the guidance system, the domestic electric appliances and so on, Once each product used the monolithic integrated circuit, could get up causes the effect which the product turned to a new generation, often before product range crown by adjective---- ‘intelligence’, like intelligence washer and so on. Now some factory's technical personnel or other extra-curricular electronic exploiter do certain products, are not the electric circuit are too complex, is the function is too simple, and is imitated extremely easily. Investigates its reason, possibly on card, in theproduct has not used on the monolithic integrated circuit or other programmable logical component.单片机简介单片机又称单片微控制器，它不是完成某一个逻辑功能的芯片，而是把一个计算机系统集成到一个芯片上。
单片机相关名词解释
MCU:微控制器(Micro Controller Unit)，也称单片机。
单片机是一种集成在电路芯片，是采用超大规模集成电路技术把具有数据处理能力的中央处理器CPU随机存储器RAM、只读存储器ROM、多种I/O口和中断系统、定时器/计时器等功能（可能还包括显示驱动电路、脉宽调制电路、模拟多路转换器、A/D转换器等电路）集成到一块硅片上构成的一个小而完善的计算机系统。
JTAG：joint test action group，又名JTAG Boundary ScanJTAG 主要应用于：电路的边界扫描测试和可编程芯片的在线系统编程ISP:在线编程（In System Programmable），不需要将芯片从PCB板上取下来，直接在板上下载程序，所以串行编程方式也是最方便和最常用的编程方式。
IAP(In Application Programmable)在运行编程方式，采用了称为自引导加载（Boot Load）技术实现的，往往在一些需要进行远程修改更新系统程序，或动态改变系统程序的应用中才采用。
Flash存储器：Flash Memory，可供用户多次擦除和写入程序代码，现在可实现大于1万次的写入操作RAM:RAM -random access memory 随机存储器。
存储单元的内容可按需随意取出或存入，且存取的速度与存储单元的位置无关的存储器。
这种存储器在断电时将丢失其存储内容，故主要用于存储短时间使用的程序。
SRAM：是英文Static RAM的缩写，它是一种具有静止存取功能的内存，不需要刷新电路即能保存它内部存储的数据，而DRAM（Dynamic Random Access Memory)每隔一段时间，要刷新充电一次，否则内部的数据即会消失，EEPROM :电可擦除存储器(Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory)，电可擦可编程只读存储器--一种掉电后数据不丢失的存储芯片。
单片机介绍中英文
MCU DescriptionSCM is also known as micro-controller (Microcontroller Unit), commonly used letters of the acronym MCU MCU that it was first used in industrial control. Only a single chip by the CPU chip developed from a dedicated processor. The first design is by a large number of peripherals and CPU on a chip in the computer system, smaller, more easily integrated into a complex and demanding on the volume control device which. INTEL's Z80 is the first designed in accordance with this idea processor, then on the development of microcontroller and dedicated processors haveparted ways.Are 8-bit microcontroller early or 4 bits. One of the most successful is the INTEL 8031, for a simple, reliable and good performance was a lot of praise. Then developed in 8031 out of MCS51 MCU Systems. SCM systems based on this system until now is still widely used. With the increased requirements of industrial control field, began a 16-bit microcontroller, because the cost is not satisfactory but have not been very widely used. After 90 years with the great development of consumer electronics, microcontroller technology has been a huge increase. With INTEL i960 series, especially the later series of widely used ARM, 32-bit microcontroller quickly replace high-end 16-bit MCU status and enter the mainstream market. The traditional 8-bit microcontroller performance have been the rapid increase capacity increase compared to 80 the number of times. Currently, high-end 32-bit microcontroller clocked over 300MHz, the performance catching the mid-90's dedicated processor, while the average model prices fall to one U.S. dollars, the most high-end [1] model only 10 dollars. Modern SCM systems are no longer only in the development and use of bare metal environment, a large number of proprietary embedded operating system is widely used in the full range of SCM. The handheld computers and cell phones as the core processing of high-end microcontroller can even use a dedicated Windows and Linux operatingsystems.SCM is more suitable than the specific processor used in embedded systems, so it was up to the application. In fact the number of SCM is the world's largest computer. Modern human life used in almost every piece of electronic and mechanical products will be integrated single chip. Phone, telephone, calculator, home appliances, electronic toys, handheld computers and computer accessories such as a mouse with a 1-2 in both the Department of SCM. Personal computer will have a large number of SCM in the work. General car with more than 40 SCM, complex industrial control systems may even have hundreds of SCM in the same time work! SCM is not only far exceeds the number of PC and other computing the sum, or even more than the number of human beingsSingle chip, also known as single-chip microcontroller, it is not complete a certain logic chips, but to a computer system integrated into a chip. Equivalent to a micro-computer, and computer than just the lack of a microcontroller I / O devices. General talk: a chip becomes a computer. Its small size, light weight, cheap, for the study, application and development of facilities provided. At the same time, learning to use the MCU is to understand the principle and structure of the computer the best choice.SCM and the computer functions internally with similar modules, such as CPU, memory, parallel bus, the same effect as well, and hard disk memory devices, and different is its performance of these components were relatively weak many of our home computer, but the price is low , usually not more than 10 yuan you can do with it ...... some control for a class is not very complicated electrical work is enough of. We are using automatic drum washing machine, smoke hood, VCD and so on appliances which could see its shadow! ...... It is primarily as a control section of the core componentsIt is an online real-time control computer, control-line is that the scene is needed is a stronger anti-jamming ability, low cost, and thisis, and off-line computer (such as home PC), the main difference.Single chipMCU is through running, and can be modified. Through different procedures to achieve different functions, in particular special unique features, this is another device much effort needs to be done, some great efforts are very difficult to do. A not very complex functions if the 50's with the United States developed 74 series, or the 60's CD4000 series of these pure hardware buttoned, then the circuit must be a large PCB board! But if the United States if the 70's with a series of successful SCM market, the result will be a drastic change! Just because you are prepared by microcomputer programs can achieve high intelligence, high efficiency and high reliability!As the microcontroller on the cost-sensitive, so now the dominant software or the lowest level assembly language, which is the lowest level in addition to more than binary machine code language, and as so low why is the use? Many high-level language has reached the level of visual programming Why is not it? The reason is simply that there is no home computer as a single chip CPU, not as hard as a mass storage device. A visualization of small high-level language program which even if only one button, will reach tens of K of size! For the home PC's hard drive in terms of nothing, but in terms of the MCU is not acceptable. SCM in the utilization of hardware resources to be very high for the job so although the original is still in the compilation of a lot of use. The same token, if the giant computer operating system and applications run up to get home PC, home PC, also can not afford to.Can be said that the twentieth century across the three "power" era, that is, the age of electricity, the electronic age and has entered into the computer age. However, this computer, usually refers to the personal computer, referred to as PC. It consists of the host, keyboard, monitor and other components. Another type of computer, most people do not know how. This computer is to give all kinds of intelligent machines singlechip (also known as micro-controller). As the name suggests, this computer system took only a minimal integrated circuit, can be a simple operation and control. Because it is small, usually hidden in the charged mechanical "stomach" in. It is in the device, like the human brain plays a role, it goes wrong, the whole plant was paralyzed. Now, this microcontroller has a very broad field of use, such as smart meters, real-time industrial control, communications equipment, navigation systems, and household appliances. Once all kinds of products were using SCM, can serve to upgrade the effectiveness of products, often in the product name preceded by the adjective - "intelligent," such as intelligent washing machines. Now some technical personnel of factories or other amateur electronics developers to engage in out of certain products, not the circuit is too complicated, that function is too simple and can easily be copied. The reason may be stuck in the product did not use a microcontroller or other programmable logic device.SCM historySCM was born in the late 20th century, 70, experienced SCM, MCU, SoC three stages.First model1.SCM the single chip microcomputer (Single Chip Microcomputer) stage, mainly seeking the best of the best single form of embedded systems architecture. "Innovation model" success, laying the SCM and general computer completely different path of development. In the open road of independent development of embedded systems, Intel Corporation contributed.2.MCU the micro-controller (Micro Controller Unit) stage, the main direction of technology development: expanding to meet the embedded applications, the target system requirements for the various peripheral circuits and interface circuits, highlight the object of intelligent control. It involves the areas associated with the object system, therefore, the development of MCU's responsibility inevitably falls onelectrical, electronics manufacturers. From this point of view, Intel faded MCU development has its objective factors. In the development of MCU, the most famous manufacturers as the number of Philips Corporation. Philips company in embedded applications, its great advantage, the MCS-51 single-chip micro-computer from the rapid development of the micro-controller. Therefore, when we look back at the path of development of embedded systems, do not forget Intel and Philips in History.Embedded SystemsEmbedded system microcontroller is an independent development path, the MCU important factor in the development stage, is seeking applications to maximize the solution on the chip; Therefore, the development of dedicated single chip SoC trend of the natural form. As the microelectronics, IC design, EDA tools development, application system based on MCU SoC design have greater development. Therefore, the understanding of the microcontroller chip microcomputer can be, extended to the single-chip micro-controller applications.MCU applicationsSCM now permeate all areas of our lives, which is almost difficult to find traces of the field without SCM. Missile navigation equipment, aircraft, all types of instrument control, computer network communications and data transmission, industrial automation, real-time process control and data processing, extensive use of various smart IC card, civilian luxury car security system, video recorder, camera, fully automatic washing machine control, and program-controlled toys, electronic pet, etc., which are inseparable from the microcontroller. Not to mention the area of robot control, intelligent instruments, medical equipment was. Therefore, the MCU learning, development and application of the large number of computer applications and intelligent control of the scientists, engineers. SCM is widely used in instruments and meters, household appliances, medical equipment, aerospace, specialized equipment, intelligent management and process control fields, roughly divided into the followingseveral areas:1. In the application of Intelligent InstrumentsSCM has a small size, low power consumption, controlling function, expansion flexibility, the advantages of miniaturization and ease of use, widely used instrument, combining different types of sensors can be realized Zhuru voltage, power, frequency, humidity, temperature, flow, speed, thickness, angle, length, hardness, elemental, physical pressure measurement. SCM makes use of digital instruments, intelligence, miniaturization, and functionality than electronic or digital circuits more powerful. Such as precision measuring equipment (power meter, oscilloscope, various analytical instrument).2. In the industrial control applicationWith the MCU can constitute a variety of control systems, data acquisition system. Such as factory assembly line of intelligent control3. In Household AppliancesCan be said that the appliances are basically using SCM, praise from the electric rice, washing machines, refrigerators, air conditioners, color TV, and other audio video equipment, to the electronic weighing equipment, varied, and omnipresent.4. In the field of computer networks and communications applications MCU general with modern communication interface, can be easy with the computer data communication, networking and communications in computer applications between devices had excellent material conditions, are basically all communication equipment to achieve a controlled by MCU from mobile phone, telephone, mini-program-controlled switchboards, building automated communications call system, train radio communication, to the daily work can be seen everywhere in the mobile phones, trunked mobile radio, walkie-talkies, etc..5. Microcomputer in the field of medical device applicationsSCM in the use of medical devices is also quite extensive, such as medicalrespirator, the various analyzers, monitors, ultrasound diagnostic equipment and hospital beds, etc. call system.6. In a variety of major appliances in the modular applications Designed to achieve some special single specific function to be modular in a variety of circuit applications, without requiring the use of personnel to understand its internal structure. If music integrated single chip, seemingly simple function, miniature electronic chip in the net (the principle is different from the tape machine), you need a computer similar to the principle of the complex. Such as: music signal to digital form stored in memory (like ROM), read by the microcontroller, analog music into electrical signals (similar to the sound card).In large circuits, modular applications that greatly reduce the volume, simplifies the circuit and reduce the damage, error rate, but also easy to replace.7. Microcontroller in the application field of automotive equipment SCM in automotive electronics is widely used, such as a vehicle engine controller, CAN bus-based Intelligent Electronic Control Engine, GPS navigation system, abs anti-lock braking system, brake system, etc.. In addition, the MCU in business, finance, research, education, national defense, aerospace and other fields has a very wide range of applications.Application of six important part of learningMCU learning an important part of the six applications1, Bus:We know that a circuit is always made by the devices connected by wires, in analog circuits, the connection does not become a problem because the device is a serial relationship between the general, the device is not much connection between the , but the computer is not the same circuit, it is a microprocessor core, the device must be connected with the microprocessor, the device must be coordination between, so they need to connect on a lot, as if still analog circuit like the microprocessor and devices in the connection between the individual, the number of lines willbe a little more surprising, therefore the introduction of the microprocessor bus 概念 Zhong Each device Gongtong access connections, all devices 8 Shuju line all received eight public online, that is the equivalent of all devices together in parallel, but only this does not work, if there are two devices send data at the same time, a 0, a 1, then, whether the receiver received what is it? This situation is not allowed, so to be controlled by controlling the line, time-sharing the device to work at any time only one device to send data (which can have multiple devices to receive both). Device's data connection is known as the data bus, the device is called line of control all the control bus. Internal or external memory in the microcontroller and other devices have memory cells, the memory cell to be assigned addresses, you can use, distribution, of course, to address given in the form of electrical signals, and as more memory cells, so, for the address allocation The line is also more of these lines is called the address bus.Second, data, address, command:The reason why these three together because of the nature of these three are the same - the number, or are a string of '0 'and '1' form the sequence. In other words, addresses, instructions are also data. Instruction: from single chip designer provides a number of commonly used instructions with mnemonic we have a strict correspondence between the developer can not be changed by the MCU. Address: the search for MCU internal, external storage units, input and output port based on the address of the internal unit value provided by the chip designer is good, can not be changed, the external unit can be single chip developers to decide, but there are a number of address units is a must (see procedures for the implementation of the process).Third, P0 port, P2 and P3 of the second function I use:Beginners often on the P0 port, P2 and P3 port I use the second function puzzled that the second function and have a switch between the original function of the process, or have a directive, in fact, the portThe second feature is automatic, do not need instructions to convert. Such as P3.6, P3.7 respectively WR, RD signal, when the microchip processing machines external RAM or external I / O port, they are used as a second function, not as a general-purpose I / O port used, so long as a A microprocessor implementation of the MOVX instruction, there will be a corresponding signal sent from the P3.6 or P3.7, no prior use of commands. In fact 'not as a general-purpose I / O port use' is also not a 'no' but (user) 'not' as a general-purpose I / O port to use. You can arrange the order of a SETB P3.7's instructions, and when the MCU execution to the instruction, the also make P3.7 into a high, but users will not do so because this is usually will cause the system to collapse.Fourth, the program's implementation:Reduction in power after the 8051 microcontroller within the program counter (PC) in the value of 0000 ', the process is always from the 0000' units started, that is: the system must exist in ROM 0000 'this unit , and in 0000 'unit must be stored in a single instruction.5, the stack:Stack is a region, is used to store data, there is no special about the region itself is a part of internal RAM, special access to its data storage and the way that the so-called 'advanced post out backward first out ', and the stack has a special data transmission instructions that' PUSH 'and' POP ', has a special expertise in its services unit, that is, the stack pointer SP, whenever a PUSH instruction execution, SP on (in the Based on the original value) automatically add 1, whenever the implementation of a POP instruction, SP will (on the basis of the original value) automatically by 1. As the SP values can be changed with the instructions, so long as the beginning of the process to change the value of the SP, you can set the stack memory unit required, such as the program begins, with an MOV SP, # 5FH instructions When set on the stack starting from the memory unit 60H unit. There is always the beginning of the general procedure with such a directive to set the stack pointer, because boot,SP initial value of 07H, 08H This unit from the beginning to stack next, and 08H to 1FH 8031 is the second in the region, three or four working register area, often used, this will lead to confusion of data. Different authors when writing programs, initialize the stack is not exactly the same directive, which is the author's habit. When set up the stack zone, does not mean that the region become a special memory, it can still use the same memory region as normal, but generally the programmer does not regard it as an ordinary memory used.单片机介绍单片机也被称为微控制器（Microcontroller Unit），常用英文字母的缩写MCU表示单片机，它最早是被用在工业控制领域。
单片机5000字中英文对照翻译
1. In the application of Intelligent InstrumentsSCM has a small size, low power consumption, controlling function, expansion flexibility, the advantages of miniaturization and ease of use, widely used instrument, combining different types of sensors can be realized Zhuru voltage, power, frequency, humidity, temperature, flow, speed, thickness, angle, length, hardness, elemental, physical pressure measurement. SCM makes use of digital instruments, intelligence, miniaturization, and functionality than electronic or digital circuits more powerful. Such as precision measuring equipment (power meter, oscilloscope, various analytical instrument).1.在智能仪器仪表上的应用单片机具有体积小、功耗低、控制功能强、扩展灵活、微型化和使用方便等优点，广泛应用于仪器仪表中，结合不同类型的传感器，可实现诸如电压、功率、频率、湿度、温度、流量、速度、厚度、角度、长度、硬度、元素、压力等物理量的测量。
采用单片机控制使得仪器仪表数字化、智能化、微型化，且功能比起采用电子或数字电路更加强大。
单片机翻译
单片机翻译单片机（Microcontroller），也称为微控制器，是一种集成了微处理器、存储器和程序存储器的集成电路芯片。
它具有自身的输入输出接口、时钟电路、中断控制器和定时计数器等功能，通常被用于控制电子设备的实时操作和运行。
单片机的翻译源于英文"Microcontroller"，其中"Micro"指的是微小的意思，"controller"则表示控制器。
因此，单片机可被理解为一种小型控制器。
单片机的历史可以追溯到20世纪70年代，当时几家公司开始开发和生产集成了微处理器和存储器的集成电路芯片，并被广泛应用于各种电子设备中。
单片机具有很多优点。
首先，由于其集成了处理器和存储器等功能，使得设计人员可以更方便地开发各种控制功能。
其次，单片机具有体积小、功耗低和成本低等特点，适用于各种小型和便携式电子设备。
此外，由于单片机具有自身的输入输出接口和中断控制器等功能，能够有效地实现实时操作和响应。
单片机的应用范围非常广泛。
它被广泛应用于家电、通讯设备、工业控制、汽车电子、医疗设备等领域。
例如，家用洗衣机中的控制板、手机中的触摸屏控制器、汽车中的发动机控制单元等都是单片机的典型应用。
当然，单片机也有一些局限性。
由于其计算和存储能力有限，无法处理复杂的计算和大规模的数据存储。
此外，由于单片机是一种定制化的设计，很难进行升级和扩展。
总的来说，单片机作为一种集成了微处理器和存储器等功能的集成电路芯片，在电子设备的控制方面发挥着重要的作用。
它具有体积小、功耗低和成本低等优点，并且被广泛应用于各种电子设备中。
随着技术的不断发展，单片机的功能和性能也将得到进一步的提升。
单片机英文缩写全称及中文名称整理(一)2024
单片机英文缩写全称及中文名称整理（一）引言概述:本文整理了单片机英文缩写全称及中文名称，旨在帮助读者更好地理解和应用单片机技术。
单片机是一种集成电路，具有微处理器核心、存储器和输入输出接口等功能模块，被广泛应用于各种电子设备和控制系统中。
下面将从五个大点出发，详细介绍单片机英文缩写的全称和中文名称。
正文内容:1. MCU（Microcontroller）- 嵌入式微控制器- CPU (Central Processing Unit) - 中央处理器- ROM (Read-Only Memory) - 只读存储器- RAM (Random Access Memory) - 随机存储器- I/O (Input/Output) - 输入输出- ADC (Analog-to-Digital Converter) - 模数转换器- UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver-Transmitter) - 通用异步收发器- I2C (Inter-Integrated Circuit) - 集成电路之间的串行通信接口- SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) - 串行外围设备接口- PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) - 脉宽调制2. EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory) - 可擦写可编程只读存储器- GPIO (General Purpose Input/Output) - 通用输入输出- CAN (Controller Area Network) - 控制器局域网络- USB (Universal Serial Bus) - 通用串行总线- RTC (Real-Time Clock) - 实时时钟- DMA (Direct Memory Access) - 直接内存访问- ISP (In-System Programming) - 系统内编程- WDT (Watchdog Timer) - 看门狗定时器- POR (Power-On Reset) - 上电复位- LVD (Low Voltage Detection) - 低电压检测3. A/D (Analog-to-Digital) - 模数转换- D/A (Digital-to-Analog) - 数模转换- IDE (Integrated Development Environment) - 集成开发环境- MCU Core (Microcontroller Core) - 单片机核心- RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer) - 精简指令集电脑- CISC (Complex Instruction Set Computer) - 复杂指令集电脑- BCD (Binary-Coded Decimal) - 二进制编码十进制- OS (Operating System) - 操作系统- ISP (In-System Programming) - 系统内编程- FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array) - 现场可编程门阵列4. GPIO (General Purpose Input/Output) - 通用输入输出- ADC (Analog-to-Digital Converter) - 模数转换器- PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) - 脉宽调制- SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) - 串行外围设备接口- I2C (Inter-Integrated Circuit) - 集成电路之间的串行通信接口- UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver-Transmitter) - 通用异步收发器- RTC (Real-Time Clock) - 实时时钟- WDT (Watchdog Timer) - 看门狗定时器- INT (Interrupt) - 中断- PIN (Pin Number) - 引脚编号5. IDE (Integrated Development Environment) - 集成开发环境- SDK (Software Development Kit) - 软件开发工具包- CMSIS (Cortex Microcontroller Software Interface Standard) - 嵌入式MCU软件接口标准- HAL (Hardware Abstraction Layer) - 硬件抽象层- SPL (Standard Peripheral Library) - 标准外设库- RTOS (Real-Time Operating System) - 实时操作系统- API (Application Programming Interface) - 应用程序编程接口- GCC (GNU Compiler Collection) - GNU编译器集合- ICSP (In-Circuit Serial Programming) - 系统内串行编程- IAP (In-Application Programming) - 系统内应用编程- ISR (Interrupt Service Routine) - 中断服务子程序总结:以上是关于单片机英文缩写全称及中文名称的整理，本文列举了部分常见的缩写及名称，可以帮助读者更好地理解和运用单片机技术。
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单片机简介
单片机又称单片微控制器，它不是完成某一个逻辑功能的芯片，而是把一个计算机系统集成到一个芯片上。
概括的讲：一块芯片就成了一台计算机。
它的体积小、质量轻、价格便宜、为学习、应用和开发提供了便利条件。
同时，学习使用单片机是了解计算机原理与结构的最佳选择。
单片机内部也用和电脑功能类似的模块，比如CPU，内存，并行总线，还有和硬盘作用相同的存储器件，不同的是它的这些部件性能都相对我们的家用电脑弱很多，不过价钱也是低的，一般不超过10元即可…，，，用它来做一些控制电器一类不是很复杂的工作足矣了。
我们现在用的全自动滚筒洗农机、排烟罩、VCD等等的家电里面都可以看到它的身影……它主要是作为控制部分的核心部件。
它是一种存线式实时控制计算机，在线式就是现场控制，需要的是有较强的抗干扰能力，较低的成本，这也是和离线式计算机的（比如家用PC）的主要区别。
单片机是靠程序的，并且可以修改。
通过不同的程序实现不同的功能，尤其是特殊的独特的一些功能，这是别的器件需要费很多人力气才能做到的，有些则是花人力气也很难做到的。
一个不是很复杂的功能要是用美同50年代开发的74系列，或者60年代的CD4000系列这些纯硬件来搞定的话，电路一定是一块大PCB板！但是如果要是用美国70年代成功投放市场的系列单片机，结果就会有天壤之别！只因为单片机的通过你编写的程序可以实现高科能，高效率，以及高可靠性！
CPU(中央处理单元)是数字计算机的重要组成部分，其目的是对从内存中接收的指令进行译码，同时对存储于内部寄存器、存储器或输入输出接口单元的数据惊醒传输、算术运算、逻辑运算以及控制运算。
在外部，CPU位转换指令数据和控制信息提供一个或多个总线并从组件连接到它。
一个微控制器出现在普通电脑的键盘和检测器中，但是这些组件也被屏蔽。
在这种微控制器中，与我们所讨论的CPU可能不同。
字长也许更短，编制数量少，指令集有限。
相对而言，性能差，但对完成任务来说足够了。
最重要的是它的微控制器的成本很低，符合效应。
由于单片机对成本是敏感的，所以目前占统治地位的软件还是最低级汇编语言，它是除了二进制机器码以上最低级的语言了，既然这么低级为什么还要用呢？很多高级的语言已经达到了可视化编程的水平为什么不用呢？原因简单，就是单片机没有家用计算机那样的CPU，也没有像硬盘那样的海量存储设备。
一个可视化高级语言编写的小程序里面即使只有一个按钮，也会达到几十K的尺寸！对于家用PC的硬盘来讲没什么，可是对于单片机来讲是不能接受的。
单片机在硬件资源方面的利用率必须很高才行，所以汇编虽然原始却还是在大量使用。
一样的道理，如果把巨型计算机上的操作系统和应用软件拿到家运行，PC 的也是承受不了的。
可以说，二十世纪跨越了三个“电”的时代，即电气时代、电子时代和现已进入的电脑时代。
不过，这种电脑，通常是指个人计算机，简称PC机。
它白主机、键盘、显示器等组成。
还有一类计算机，人多数人却不怎么熟悉。
这种计算机就是把智能赋予各种机械的单片机（亦称微控制器）。
顾名思义，这种计算机的最小系统只用了一片集成电路，即可进行简单运算和控制。
因为它体积小，通常都藏在被控机械的“肚子”里。
它在整个装置中，起着有如人类头脑的作用，它出了毛病，整个装置就瘫痪了。
现在，这种单片机的使用领域已十分广泛，如科能仪表、实时T控、通讯设备、导航系统、家用电器等。
各种产品。
一旦用上
了单片机，就能起到使产品升级换代的功效，常在产品名称前冠以形容词一一“智能型”，如智能型洗衣机等。
现在有些工厂的技术人员或其它业余电子开发者搞出来的某些产品，不是电路太复杂，就是功能太简单且极易被仿制。
究其原因，可能就卡在产品未使用单片机或其它可编程逻辑器件上。
起初模型
1.SCM即单片微型计算机（Single Chip Microcomputer）阶段，主要是寻求最佳的单片形态嵌入式系统的最佳体系结构。
“创新模式”获得成功，奠定了SCM与通用计算机完全不同的发展道路。
在开创嵌入式系统独立发展道路上，Intel公司功不可没。
2.MCU即微控制器（Micro Controller Unit）阶段，主要的技术发展方向是：不断扩展满足嵌入式应用时，对象系统要求的各种外围电路与接口电路，突显其对象的智能化控制能力。
它所涉及的领域都与对象系统相关，因此，发展MCU的重任不可避免地落在电气、电子技术厂家。
从这一角度来看，Intel逐渐淡出MCU的发展也有其客观因素。
在发展MCU方面，最著名的厂家当数Philips公司。
Philips公司以其在嵌入式应用方面的巨大优势，将MCS-51从单片微型计算机迅速发展到微控制器。
因此，当我们回顾嵌入式系统发展道路时，不要忘记Intel和Philips的历史功绩。
嵌入式系统
单片机是嵌入式系统的独立发展之路，向MCU阶段发展的重要因素，就是寻求应用系统在芯片上的最大化解决；因此，专用单片机的发展自然形成了SoC化趋势。
随着微电子技术、IC设计、EDA工具的发展，基于SoC的单片机应用系统设计会有较大的发展。
因此，对单片机的理解可以从单片微型计算机、单片微控制器延伸到单片应用系统。
单片机的应用领域
目前单片机渗透到我们生活的各个领域，几乎很难找到哪个领域没有单片机的踪迹。
导弹的导航装置，飞机上各种仪表的控制，计算机的网络通讯与数据传输，工业自动化过程的实时控制和数据处理，广泛使用的各种智能IC卡，民用豪华轿车的安全保障系统，录像机、摄像机、全自动洗衣机的控制，以及程控玩具、电子宠物等等，这些都离不开单片机。
更不用说自动控制领域的机器人、智能仪表、医疗器械了。
因此，单片机的学习、开发与应用将造就一批计算机应用与智能化控制的科学家、工程师。
单片机广泛应用于仪器仪表、家用电器、医用设备、航空航天、专用设备的智能化管理及过程控制等领域，大致可分如下几个范畴：
1.在智能仪器仪表上的应用
单片机具有体积小、功耗低、控制功能强、扩展灵活、微型化和使用方便等优点，广泛应用于仪器仪表中，结合不同类型的传感器，可实现诸
如电压、功率、频率、湿度、温度、流量、速度、厚度、角度、长度、硬度、元素、压力等物理量的测量。
采用单片机控制使得仪器仪表数字化、智能化、微型化，且功能比起采用电子或数字电路更加强大。
例如精密的测量设备（功率计，示波器，各种分析仪）。
2.在工业控制中的应用
用单片机可以构成形式多样的控制系统、数据采集系统。
例如工厂流水线的智能化管
3.在家用电器中的应用
可以这样说，现在的家用电器基本上都采用了单片机控制，从电饭褒、洗衣机、电冰箱、空调机、彩电、其他音响视频器材、再到电子秤量设备，五花八门，无所不在。
4.在计算机网络和通信领域中的应用
现代的单片机普遍具备通信接口，可以很方便地与计算机进行数据通信，为在计算机网络和通信设备间的应用提供了极好的物质条件，现在的通信设备基本上都实现了单片机智能控制，从手机，电话机、小型程控交换机、楼宇自动通信呼叫系统、列车无线通信、再到日常工作中随处可见的移动电话，集群移动通信，无线电对讲机等。
5.单片机在医用设备领域中的应用
单片机在医用设备中的用途亦相当广泛，例如医用呼吸机，各种分析仪，监护仪，超声诊断设备及病床呼叫系统等等。
6.在各种大型电器中的模块化应用
某些专用单片机设计用于实现特定功能，从而在各种电路中进行模块化应用，而不要求使用人员了解其内部结构。
如音乐集成单片机，看似简单的功能，微缩在纯电子芯片中（有别于磁带机的原理），就需要复杂的类似于计算机的原理。
如：音乐信号以数字的形式存于存储器中（类似于ROM），由微控制器读出，转化为模拟音乐电信号（类似于声卡）。
在大型电路中，这种模块化应用极大地缩小了体积，简化了电路，降低了损坏、错误率，也方便于更换。
7.单片机在汽车设备领域中的应用
单片机在汽车电子中的应用非常广泛，例如汽车中的发动机控制器，基于CAN总线的汽车发动机智能电子控制器，GPS导航系统，abs防抱死系统，制动系统等等。
此外，单片机在工商，金融，科研、教育，国防航空航天等领域都有着十分广泛的用途。
------------原文出处：图书馆电子资源。