Fides Selectively Hardening Software Application Components against Kernel-level Malware
翻译岗位招聘笔试题及解答(某大型集团公司)
招聘翻译岗位笔试题及解答(某大型集团公司)一、单项选择题（本大题有10小题，每小题2分，共20分）1、以下哪个翻译软件通常用于大型文档的机器翻译？A、Google TranslateB、DeepLC、Trados StudioD、Memsource答案：B、DeepL解析：DeepL 是一种新兴的机器翻译服务，因其高质量的翻译结果而受到用户的青睐。
虽然 Google Translate 和 Trados Studio 也是常用的翻译工具，但它们并不专门针对大型文档的机器翻译，而 DeepL 在处理大型文档时表现出色。
Memsource 是一款翻译项目管理工具，不直接提供机器翻译服务。
因此，B 选项是正确答案。
2、在翻译过程中，以下哪种错误属于翻译失误？A、翻译错误B、语法错误C、拼写错误D、文化错误答案：A、翻译错误解析：翻译错误是指翻译者在翻译过程中未能准确传达原文的意思，导致译文与原文存在本质差异。
语法错误、拼写错误通常属于校对和编辑的范畴，而文化错误是指由于文化差异导致的信息传达不准确。
在这四个选项中，翻译错误最符合题目要求，因此A 选项是正确答案。
3、下列哪个选项中的句子最适合用于正式的商务邮件中？A、Hey, what’s up? Can you send me those files?B、Hi there, could you possibly send me the documents?C、Hello, I need the files immediately.D、Good day, please find attached the request for the pertinent files.正确答案：D 解析：在正式的商务邮件中，应当使用礼貌且专业的语言。
选项D使用了正式的问候语以及礼貌的请求语气，并且符合商务环境中对于邮件的专业性要求，因此是最适合的选择。
4、在翻译时，遇到文化专有词（如地名、人名、节日等）时，最恰当的做法是什么？A、直接音译B、寻找最接近的本地化对应词汇C、提供注释解释D、根据上下文意译正确答案：C 解析：文化专有词往往承载着特定的文化意义，直接音译可能让目标语言的读者难以理解其背景，而意译或寻找本地化对应词汇可能失去原文的文化色彩。
ACD LABS Fate and Purge Impurity Tracking and Carr
ACD/LABS [ADVANCED CHEMISTRY DEVELOPMENT, INC.]Tracking Fate and Purge ofImpurities and CalculatingCarryoverJoe DiMartinoJesse HarrisSanjivanjit K. BahlIntroduction to Fate and Purge and CarryoverThe purpose of process development in pharmaceutical research is to select and optimize a synthetic route to produce the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) by the safest, cheapest, fastest, and cleanest pathway. This method should also follow both Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) and Quality by Design (QbD) principles. As with any synthetic process, impurities are generated. Regulatory authorities such as the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA) require that impurities are tracked and identified above a certain threshold. Genotoxic and mutagenic impurities must be reported at any level (as stated in the ICH Q7 guideline1).Route scouting data in process development is typically stored in electronic notebooks. Associated analytical information may be accessible as PDF images stored within an experiment record. Unfortunately, analytical data is not dynamically linked with the process route's individual stage(s). It is unsearchable and inaccessible.Effective API development data management and impurity tracking are necessary to develop an optimal control strategy. To successfully track the fate and purge of impurities, many scientists gather LC/MS and LC area percent values for impurity entities using Excel® spreadsheets. While spreadsheets are adequate for handlingand managing numerical data, they are a weak tool for relating chemical structures with the analytical spectra and chromatograms used to identify and characterize them. For example, Excel cannot map chemical routes, search for compounds based on molecular structure, or process analytical data.2Here, we discuss Luminata®—software designed to help project teams map synthetic routes, track impurities, and access analytical data for process development in a systematized and searchable manner. Luminata enables effective inter- and intra-departmental collaboration and automatically calculates carryover values directly from LC/MS and LC data. In this document, we describe two workflows that are often tedious and time-consuming without Luminata—process optimization and carryover calculations.Convenient Management of Process RoutesLuminata facilitates the import of the whole process route associated with a given dataset, including each synthetic stage. The resulting process map enables clear visualization of the impurities at each route phase and a straightforward comparison of molecular composition across reaction steps.Beyond incorporating good manufacturing practice (GMP) into drug substance production, Luminata also allows users to evaluate in-process samples, filtrates, or other entities to assist with synthesis optimization. Figure 1 illustrates an example route optimization of sulfabenzamide, where in-process samples from the reaction, filtrate liquors from product isolation, and the final isolated product are documented.Figure 1. Optimized synthesis of Sulfabenzamide (green, Stage 2) mapped in Luminata. All steps in the reaction are tracked with starting materials (blue), intermediates and products (green), and stage-specific impurities indicated (orange).Sulfabenzamide is an antibacterial substance that is synthesized through a two-step reaction. Within Luminata, this two-step reaction can be documented with all the stages involved. In Stage 1, the process chemist activates the carboxylic acid with carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) to form the imidazolide.3 The chemist then checks how far the activation has progressed toward completion from Stage 1 via a quench conversion to the methyl ester (Figure 1, Stage 1b—Activation). The next substrate is added (Figure 1, Stage 1c), and reaction completion is tested (Figure 1, Stage Reaction Complete). At this point, all known or unknown impurities within the reaction can be separated. Finally, the analyst proceeds through process work-up (Figure 1, Stage 2—Filtrate) and then purification of the compound (Figure 1, Stage 2—Isolated).For all these individual stages, corresponding HPLC data can be associated with each step. Thus, the process map is a powerful tool for comparing stages, denoting the proportion of each impurity rejected at each stage. The software helps conveniently record and share information about the removal and carryover of impuritiesthroughout the process.Each set of reactions also forms an interactive record. Within a record, analysts can examine the impacts of different conditions, such as temperature or solvents, on process optimization. For example, the analyst can assess whether altering a given reaction will generate more impurities at any/each stage. Most process chemists currently use an electronic notebook (ELN) to store this chemical and analytical information, where a massive amount of valuable data is hidden in largely unsearchable PDF documents.Calculating CarryoverIn addition to storing development information in one place, Luminata can link chemical information about impurity fate with all the relevant analytical data. This enables dynamic calculation of carryover. Once the connection of impurities between each stage has been defined by the user (by creating arrows to indicate a conversion or carryover), the corresponding carryover value is automatically calculated from the associated LC/MS data, as illustrated in Figure 2.Figure 2. Creating an arrow indicating conversion of an impurity in the Luminata process map leads to automatic population of the corresponding detection limit (DL) and quantitation limit (QL) in the impurity carryover table.In addition to calculating the carryover at each stage, Luminata also automatically calculates the cumulative carryover value for the entire reaction (Figure 3).Figure 3. As the reaction pathway is defined in the Process Map in Luminata, the Carryover of Impurities Table populates dynamically where ‘DL’ and ‘QL’ represent detection limit and quantitation limit respectively.Carryover is calculated using ‘Area %’ values for two consecutive stages:Carryover=(Area%stage(x)Area%stage(x−1)) x 100%Cumulative carryover is calculated using the carryover calculated for each individual step in the route, for example:Cumulative Carryover=(Carryover stage1→2100)(Carryover stage2→3100)(Carryover stage3→4100) x 100Detection and quantitation limits (DL and QL, respectively) can be edited at each stage. The software relies on user-defined DL and QL values to calculate carryover. Values falling below these limits are denoted with a ‘<’ to indicate the imprecise nature of the calculated result—a practice widely used in industry.4In addition to calculating cumulative carryover amounts for the fates of each impurity, the software enables the comparison of different batches within a complete record set. One use for this functionality is “spike and purge” experiments, where an impurity is spiked into test batches in varying amounts (i.e., 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, or 5%) to determine if it is purged at the same final stage. Luminata allows users to compare all these different spiked records and create one cumulative carryover table (Figure 4).Figure 4. Cumulative carryover table of two records with differing spiked impurityamounts in Luminata.Carryover calculations for other impurities within the same record can also be determined by selecting the impurity of interest (Figure 5).Figure 5. Selection of an impurity in Luminata allows the carryover value to be calculated automatically from the associated LC/MS data in the Carryover of Impurities table.ConclusionLuminata supports effective workflow optimization for process chemists. This enables informed decision-making by automatically calculating quantitative carryover values for process-related impurities using associated analytical data.References1.ICH, Q7 Good Manufacturing Practice Guide for Active PharmaceuticalIngredients (2016). Link2.Moser, A., Waked, A.E., DiMartino, J. (2021). Consolidating and ManagingData for Drug Development within a Pharmaceutical Laboratory: Comparingthe Mapping and Reporting Tools from Software Applications. OPRD, 25(10),2177-2187. Link3.Montalbetti, C.A.G.N.; Falque, V. (2005). Amide bond formation andpeptide coupling.Tetrahedron, 61, 10827- 10852. Link4.Armbruster, D.A.; Pry, T. (2008). Limit of Blank, Limit of Detection andLimit of Quantitation.Clin. Biochem. Rev., 29(Suppl 1), S49–S52. Link。
计算机专业英语课件E1Unit11
1.1 Section A: How Software Engineering Works
3. Which of the following statements is wrong about the techniques in software engineering? A. Techniques are needed to control the complexity of the large software systems B. Techniques are the essence of software engineering C. Techniques are now widely used in software engineering D. New technologies bring new challenges to software engineers continually
• ______4. An alternative name for a bar chart • ______5. An approach to program testing where the tests are based on
高二英语软件开发单选题50题
高二英语软件开发单选题50题1.The main language used in software development is _____.A.PythonB.JavaC.C++D.All of the above答案：D。
在软件开发中，Python、Java 和C++都是常用的编程语言，所以答案是以上皆是。
2.Which one is not a software development tool?A.Visual StudioB.IntelliJ IDEAC.PhotoshopD.Eclipse答案：C。
Photoshop 是图像编辑软件，不是软件开发工具。
Visual Studio、IntelliJ IDEA 和Eclipse 都是常用的软件开发集成环境。
3.The process of finding and fixing bugs in software is called _____.A.debuggingB.codingC.testingD.designing答案：A。
debugging 是调试的意思，即查找和修复软件中的错误。
coding 是编码，testing 是测试，designing 是设计。
4.A set of instructions that a computer follows is called a _____.A.programB.algorithmC.data structureD.variable答案：A。
program 是程序，即一组计算机遵循的指令。
algorithm 是算法，data structure 是数据结构，variable 是变量。
5.Which programming paradigm emphasizes on objects and classes?A.Procedural programmingB.Functional programmingC.Object-oriented programmingD.Logic programming答案：C。
GMAT作文题目翻译
所有作文题目的中文翻译Analysis of Issue Questions1. 有些国家里，电视和广播节目被仔细审查着不让出现带攻击性的语言和行为。
在另一些国家里，基本上没有审查制度。
在你的观点里，政府或其他任何团体应该在何种程度上审查电视或广播节目？解释，给出相关的原因and/or例子来支持你的观点。
2. “指望单个国家独立地作出必要的牺牲来保存能源是不现实的。
如果我们希望为下一代保护世界的能源资源，国际领导力量和全球性的公司是基本的。
”讨论你在何种程度上赞成或不赞成上述观点。
从你自身的经验，观察和阅读给出相关的原因and/or例子来支持你的观点。
3. “有限公司和其他商业机构应该尽力消除根据员工经验和技术划分员工的许多职称和工资等级。
一个扁平的组织结构更可能鼓励员工间的共同掌权和共同合作。
”讨论你在何种程度上赞成或不赞成上述观点。
从你自身的经验，观察和阅读给出相关的原因and/or例子来支持你的观点。
4. “权力的所有表现之中，对使用权力的克制是最令人影响深刻的。
”阐述你认为这段引语是什么意思，讨论你在何种程度上赞成或不赞成上述观点。
使用来自历史，时事或你自身经验，观察，阅读的原因and/or特定的例子来展开你的立场。
5. “所有的团体和组织都应该作为一个每个人都参与决定，分享责任和义务的团队来运作。
给予一个人关于一个项目和行动的集中的权威和责任不是完成工作的有效方式。
”讨论你在何种程度上赞成或不赞成上述观点。
从你自身的工作或学习经验，观察和阅读给出相关的原因and/or例子来支持你的观点。
6. “成功的定义只有一种：可以按你自己的方式过你的人生。
”讨论你在何种程度上赞成或不赞成上述观点。
从你自身的经验，观察和阅读给出相关的原因and/or例子来支持你的观点。
7. “最好的给别人提建议的方法是发现他们想要的东西然后告诉他们如何去得到。
”讨论你在何种程度上赞成或不赞成上述观点。
从你自身的经验，观察和阅读给出相关的原因and/or例子来支持你的观点。
TOEIC标准模拟试题
TOEIC Form ST05 RegistrationNumberNameTOEIC.Test of English forInternational CommunicationRead the directions on the back cover.Do not break the seal until you are told to do so.This test book and the answer sheet must be handed in separately as instructed at the end of the test.Copyright 2005 by Educational Tesing Service.All rights reserved.ETS.the ETS logo, and TOEIC are registered trademarks of Educational Testing Service.LISTENING TESTIn the Listening test, you will be asked to demonstrate how well you understand spoken English. The entire Listening test will last approximately 45 minutes. There are four parts,and directions are given for each part. You must mark your answers on the separate answer sheet. Do not write your answers in your test book.PART1Directions: For each question in this part, you will hear four statements about a picture in your test book. W hen you hear the statements, you must select the one statement that best describes what you see in the picture. Then find the number of the question on your answer sheet and mark your answer. The statements will not be printed in your test book and will be spoken only one time.ExampleSample Answer △⑧●①1.2.GO ON TO THE NFXTPAGFPART2Directions:You will hear a question or statement and three responses spoken in English. They will not be printed in your test book and will be spoken only one time. Select the best response to the question or statement and mark the letter(A),(B), or(C) on your answer sheet.Sample AnswerExampleYou will hear: Where is the meeting room?You will also hear:(A)To meet the new director.(B)It's the first room on the right.(C)Yes,at two o'clock.The best response to the question "Where is the meeting room?" is choice(B),"It's the first room on the right," so(B) is the correct answer.You should mark answer(B)on your answer sheet.11.Mark your answer on your answer sheet.12. Mark your answer on your answer sheet.13. Mark your answer on your answer sheet.14.Mark your answer on your answer sheet.15. Mark your answer on your answer sheet.16.Mark your answer on your answer sheet.41. What are the speakers discussing?(A) Their homes(B)Their jobs(C) Their travel plans(D) Their favorite cities42.What does the man want to do?(A) Get a new job(B) Visit another city(C) Find a larger apartment(D) Move to the country43.What can be inferred about the woman?(A) Her house is very small.(B) She thinks the city is exciting .(C) Her job is very difficult .(D) She lives outside the city.44. Why did the man telephone the woman?(A) To check on his order(B) To arrange a delivery time(C) To cancel his order(D) To change his order45. What is the man waiting to receive?(A) A computer desk(B) A catalog(C)So me reco rding eq uipme nt(D) Some music46.What does the woman ask for?(A) The man's telephone number(B)T h e ma n's n a me(C) The reference number for the order(D) The date the order was placedGO ON TO THE NEXTPAGF71. Where is this announcement being made?(A) At a train station(B) At a travel agent's office(C) At an airport(D) At a coffee shop72. What is the weather like in Hong Kong?(A) It is foggy.(B) It is clear.(C) It is snowing lightly .(D) It is stormy73. What time of day is this announcement being made?(A) Morning(B) Afternoon(C) Evening(D) Late night74. What is the main purpose of this talk?(A) To introduce speakers at a workshop(B)To a nnounce ch ang es to a schedule(C) To outline registration procedures(D) To propose a new workshop75. What does the speaker say about the workshops?(A) There may be waiting lists for the workshops.(B) The workshops are free .(C) The registration forms will be mailed .(D) People should register early for the workshops.76. Which workshop has been canceled?(A) Cooking for Health(B) Exercise for Seniors(C) Family Nutrition(D) Children's FitnessThis is the end of the Listening test.Turn to Part5in your test book.NO TEST MATERIAL ON THIS PAGE101. Register early if you would like to attend next Tuesday's ------- on project management.B A seminar (C) policy (D)102. Paul Brown resigned last Monday from his position as ------- executive of thecompany.(A) fine(B) chief(C) front(D ) large103. The financial audit of Soft Peach Software ------- completed on Wednesday by acertified accounting firm.(A) to be(B) having been(C) was(D) 104. The organizers of the trip reminded participants to ------- at the steps of the city hallat 2:00 P.M.reasonwere(A)see (B) combine(C) meet(D) go105.------- is no better season than winter to begin training at Silver's Fitness Center.(A) When(B) It(C) There(D) As it106.The recent worldwide increase in oil prices has led to a ------- demand for electric vehicles.(A) greater(B) greatest(C) greatly(D) greatness107.Maria Vasquez has a wide range of experience,-------- worked in technical, production, and marketing positions.(A) having(B) has(C) having had(D) had108.Tickets will not be redeemable for cash or credit at any time,------- will they be replaced if lost or stolen.(A) but(B) though(C) onlynor(D)GO OW TO THE NEXTPAGFQuestions141-143 refer to the following letter.Questions153-155 refer to the following advertisement.153. What is the purpose of this advertisement?(A) To announce a change in business hours(B) To advertise a business for sale(C) To encourage diners to eat early(D) To attract more customers154. What will customers receive if they spend more than $10?(A) A $2 discount on their bill(B) 50% off their next purchase(C) A liter of soda(D) Free delivery service155.What will happen on June 16?(A) A new owner will take over the business.(B) The coupons will expire .(C) Prices will be further reduced .(D) The business will close.GO ON TO THE NEXTPAGFQuestions156-159 refer to the following article.The new economy has created great business opportunities as well as great turmoil. Not since the Industrial Revolution have the stakes of dealing with change been so high. Most traditional organizations have accepted, in theory at least, that they must make majorchanges. Even large new companies recognize that they need to manage the changes associated with rapid entrepreneurial growth. Despite some individual successes, however,this remains difficult,and few companies manage the process as well as they would like. Most companies have begun by installing new technology,downsizing,restructuring,or trying to change corporate culture,and most have had low success rates. About 70 percentof all change initiatives fail.The reason for most of these failures is that in their rush to change their organizations, managers become mesmerized by all the different, and sometimes conflicting, advice they receive about why companies should change, what they should try to accomplish, and how they should do it. The result is that they lose focus and failto consider what would workbest for their own company. To improve the odds of success, it is imperative that executives understand the nature and process of corporate change much better.Most companies use a mix of both hard and soft change strategies. Hard change results in drastic layoffs, downsizing,and restructuring. Soft change is based on internal organizational changes and the gradual development of a new corporateculture through individual and organization learning. Both strategies may be successful, but it is difficultto combine them effectively. Companies that are able to do this can reap significant payoffs in productivity and profitability.156.What is the article mainly about?(A) Corporate marketing plans(B) New developments in technology(C) Ways for companies to increase profits(D) How companies try to adapt to new conditions157.The word "manage"in paragraph 1,line 6, is closest in meaning to(A) correct(B) attract(C) handle(D) regulate158.According to the article, why do so many attempts to change fail?(A) Soft change and hard change are different.(B) Executives are interested only in profits.(C) The best methods are often not clear.(D) Employees usually resist change.159.What is soft change based on?(A) Changes in the corporate culture(B) Reductions in company size(C) Relocating businesses(D) Financial marketsGO OW TO THE NEXT PAGFQuestions160-164 refer to the following meeting agenda and e-mail message.160. Why was the meeting held?(A) To talk about hiring costs(B) To train software users(C) To discuss work on a project(D) To review a contract161. Who would probably be the best person at Optimum to answer technology questions?(A) Ujiwal Ahmed(B) Chom Tai(C) Yusra Singh(D) Katharine Morandi162. What is the main purpose of Mr.Ahmed's e-mail to Ms.Morandi?(A) To request a meeting with the engineering department(B) To introduce Peter Bodell(C) To follow up on a meeting with Advantage(D) To explain how Optimum has adapted its software163. What service will Peter Bodell's department provide?(A) Training and consulting(B) Legal advice(C) Publicity(D) Changes to the software164. What will happen in the week of November 26?(A) Peter Bodell will make a presentation.(B) Optimum and Advantage will meet again.(C) A contract will be signed.(D) Training in the new software will occur.Stop!This is the end of the test.If you finish before time is called,you may goback to Parts5,6,and7and check your work.NO TEST MATERIAL ON THIS PAGENO TEST MATERIAL ON THIS PAGENO TEST MATERIAL ON THIS PAGENO TEST MATERIAL ON THIS PAGECorrect AnswersPart11.A2.D Part211.B12.A13.B14.B15.A16.A Part341.A42.C43.D44.A45.A46.C Part471.C72.D73.A74.C75.A76.DPart5101.A102.B103.C104.C105.C106.A107.A108.D Part6141.A142.D143.CPart7153.D154.A155.B156.D157.C158.C159.A160.C161.C162.C163.A164.B。
Finite Element Analysis (FEA)
Finite Element Analysis (FEA) Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is a powerful tool used in engineering and scientific fields to simulate and analyze the behavior of complex structures and systems. It is a numerical technique that breaks down a larger system into smaller, more manageable parts called finite elements. These elements are then analyzed to predict how the entire system will behave under various conditions such as stress, heat, vibration, and fluid flow. One of the key benefits of FEA is its ability to provide insight into the performance of a design without the need for physical prototyping. This can significantly reduce the time and cost involved in the product development process. Additionally, FEA allows engineers to explore a wide range of design options and make informed decisions based on the analysis results. This can lead to more efficient and optimized designs that meet performance requirements while minimizing material usage. FEA is widely used in industries such as aerospace, automotive, civil engineering, and biomechanics to analyze and improve the performance of components and systems. For example, in the aerospace industry, FEA is used to simulate the behavior of aircraft structures undervarious loading conditions, helping engineers ensure the safety and reliability of the aircraft. In the automotive industry, FEA is used to optimize the design of vehicle components such as chassis, suspension systems, and engine components to improve performance and fuel efficiency. Despite its many advantages, FEA alsohas its limitations and challenges. One of the main challenges is the need for accurate input data, such as material properties, boundary conditions, and loading conditions. Inaccurate input data can lead to unreliable analysis results, highlighting the importance of careful model setup and validation. Additionally, FEA requires specialized software and expertise to use effectively, which can be a barrier for smaller companies or organizations with limited resources. Furthermore, FEA is not a substitute for physical testing and validation. While FEA can provide valuable insights into the behavior of a design, physical testingis still necessary to verify the accuracy of the analysis results and ensure the safety and reliability of the final product. Moreover, FEA can be computationally intensive, especially for large and complex models, requiring significant computational resources and time to complete the analysis. In conclusion, FiniteElement Analysis (FEA) is a valuable tool for engineers and scientists to simulate and analyze the behavior of complex structures and systems. It offers numerous benefits such as cost and time savings, design optimization, and insight into performance without physical prototyping. However, it also comes with its own set of challenges and limitations, such as the need for accurate input data, specialized software and expertise, and the necessity of physical testing for validation. Despite these challenges, FEA remains an essential tool in the modern engineering and scientific toolkit, enabling the development of safer, more efficient, and innovative designs.。
Defensicsuzz测试软件说明说明书
Improve software robustness, ensure systems interoperability, and identify vulnerabilities, whether you’re procuring software for business operations or building it.OverviewDefensics® fuzz testing is a comprehensive, powerful, and automated black box solution that enables organizations to effectively and efficiently discover and remediate security weaknesses in software. By taking a systematic and intelligent approach to negative testing, Defensics allows organizations to ensure software security without compromising on product innovation, increasing time to market, or inflating operational costs.Key featuresIntelligent fuzzing engineThe Defensics engine is programmed with knowledge on input type, whether it’s an interface, protocol, or file format. Because the engine has a deep understanding ofthe rules that govern communication within the input type, it can deliver targetedtest cases that exploit that input type’s inherent security weaknesses. This intelligent and systematic approach to fuzz testing allows you to reduce testing time without compromising cost or security.Defensics’ logical user interface walks users through each step of the process, making advanced fuzz testing easy.• Choose from five new vertical solution bundles: automotive, ICS, IoT, networking, andtelecom. Vertical solution bundles include foundational protocols in addition to protocolsrelevant to that vertical market.Fits into most development life cyclesDefensics contains workflows that enable it to fit almost any environment from atechnological and process standpoint. Whether you employ a traditional SDL or a CIdevelopment life cycle, Defensics brings fuzz testing into development early, allowingyou to catch and remediate vulnerabilities more cost-effectively. Got an unconventionaldevelopment life cycle? Our experienced Professional Services team can help you identifyfuzz testing checkpoints, define fuzz testing metrics, and establish a fuzz testing maturityprogram.It’s not just about fitting into the development process; it’s also about working withsurrounding technologies. API and data export capabilities allow Defensics to share data foradditional reporting and analysis, making Defensics a true plug-and-play fuzzer.Detailed, data-rich reports for efficient remediation• Contextualized logs. Remediation logs detail the protocol path and message sequencesbetween Defensics and the system under test (SUT) to help you identify the trigger andtechnical impact of each vulnerability.• Vulnerability mapping. Defensics maps each vulnerability to industry standards such asCWE and injection type to enhance information discovery and expedite remediation.• Issue re-creation. Defensics narrows the vulnerability trigger to a single test case so youcan re-create the issue and verify the fix.• Remediation packages. Generate encrypted remediation packages for your softwaresuppliers to facilitate secure, collaborative remediation across the supply chain.Scale fuzz testing with automationFrom scanning for the test target to determining the number of layers to connect to,Defensics offers a rich set of APIs for flexible, scalable automation to meet all your needs:• Test single devices• Set up repeatable automation to ensure test plans are followed every time• Reduce testing times with the latest in scalable virtualizationDefensics reports contain messagesequence logs to help users identify theroot cause of an anomalous reaction.Defensics offers automated capabilitiesthroughout the testing process, such asDevice Explorer, to relieve users of theburden of manual configuration.Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting (AAA)• Diameter Client/Server • EAPOL Server • Kerberos Server• LDAPv3 Client/Server • RADIUS Client/Server • TACACS+ Client/Server • MACsec ServerApplication• FIX• JSON Format • Web Application• WebSocket Client/Server • XML SOAP Client/Server • XML File • XMPP Server • AMQP Server • WAMP Server • OWAMP Server • TWAMP Server Automotive *• CAN Bus • CAN FD • DoIP Server • gPTP Server • SOME/IP • SRP ServerCellular Core• BICC/M3UA • GRE• GTP Prime • GTPv0• PMIPv6 Client/Server • SCTP Client/Server • SMPP• SMS (SMPP injection)• SMS (file injection)• MAP • BSSAP • BSSAP+• CAP • INAP • ISUP• MTP3 / M2UA|M2PA • TCAP / SCCP / M3UA •SBI Client/ServerDefensics Fuzz Testing | Test Suite CatalogCore IP• DHCP/BOOTP Client/Server • DHCPv6 Client/Server • DNS Client/Server • FTP Client/Server • HTTP Client/Server • HTTP/2 Client/Server • HTTP/3 Server • ICAP Server •IPv4 Package–ARP Client/Server –ICMP –IGMP –IPv4–TCP for IPv4 Client/Server •IPv6 Package –ICMPv6 –IPv6–TCP for IPv6 Client/Server • SOCKS Client/Server • Multicast DNS• PPP over L2TP Client • PPPoEEmail• IMAP4 Client/Server • MIME• POP3 Server•SMTP Client/ServerGeneral Purpose• SDK Express• Universal ASN.1 BER • Universal FuzzerICS *• 60870-5-104 (iec104) Client/Server • 61850/Goose/SV• 61850/MMS Client/Server • BACNET • CIP Server • COAP Server• DNP3 Client/Server • MQTT Client/Server • Modbus Master • Modbus PLC • OPC UA Server • Profinet DCP• Profinet PTCP Client/Server • DLMS/COSEM Client/Server •ISASecure Testing SolutionIoT *• Thread • BT• Wi-Fi AP • gRPC •ZigbeeLink Management• LACP (802.3ad)• STP/RSTP/MSTP/ESTPMedia• Archives Package–GZIP –JAR –ZIP• Audio Package–MP3–MPEG4 (M4A/MP4) –OGG –WAV–Windows Media (WMA/WMV)• Images Package–GIF –JPEG –PNG –TIFF• Video Package–H.264 File Suite –H.264 RTP Format –MPEG2-TS–MPEG4 (M4A/MP4) –OGG–Windows Media (WMA/WMV)Medical• DICOM Server • HL7v2 Server• FHIR Client/ServerMetro Ethernet• BFD• CFM (802.1ag, Y.1731)• E-LMI (MEF-16)• Ethernet (802.3, 802.1Q)• GARP (802.1D)• LLDP (802.1AB)• OAM (802.3ah)• PBB-TE Server•Synchronous Ethernet (ESMC)Networking*• BGP• SNMP• IPv4/IPv6• SIP• Metro EthernetPublic Key Infrastructure (PKI)• CMPv2 Client/Server• CSRRemote Management• CWMP (TR-69) ACS• CWMP (TR-69) CPE• IPMI Server• NETCONF• PCP Server• SNMP trap• SNMPv2c Server• SNMPv3 Server• SSHv1 Server• SSHv2 Server• Syslog• TFTP Server• Telnet ServerRouting• BGP4+ Client/Server• IS-IS• LDP• MPLS Server• MSDP• OSPFv2• OSPFv3• Openflow controller• Openflow switch• PIM-SM/DM• RIP• RIPng• RSVP• TRILL Server• VRRP• COPS Client/Server Telecom*• 5G• SMS• Pre-5GTime Synchronization• IEEE1588 PTP Client/Server• NTP Client/ServerUniversal Plug and Play• UPnP Package–UPnP Multicast Eventing–UPnP SOAP–UPnP SSDP Control Point–UPnP SSDP DeviceVoIP• H.323 Client/Server• H.248 GW Binary/Text• H.248 MGC Binary/Text• MGCP Server• MSRP Server• RTP/RTCP/SRTP• RTSP Client/Server• SIP UAC• SIP UAS (+TT)• SIP-I Server• STUN Client/Server• TURN Client/Server• SigComp ServerVPN• DTLS Client/Server• IKEv2 Client/Server• IPSec• ISAKMP/IKEv1 Client/Server• L2TPv2/v3 Client/Server• OCSP Client/Server• SCEP• SSTP• TLS/SSL Client/Server• X.509v3 Certificates• VXLANWireless• Zigbee Package–FuzzBox Zigbee APS–FuzzBox Zigbee MAC–FuzzBox Zigbee NWK• Thread package–FuzzBox Thread 6LoWPAN–FuzzBox Thread MAC• Bluetooth LE Package–ATT Client/Server–Advertisement–HOGP Host–Health–L2CAP Server–LL Peripheral–Profiles–SMP Client/Server• Bluetooth Package–A2DP–AVRCP–BNEP–HFP AG/Unit–HSP AG/Unit–L2CAP–MAP Client–OBEX-Server–PBAP Client–RFCOMM–SDP• Wi-Fi AP Package–802.11 WLAN AP–802.11 WPA AP–802.11 WPA3 AP• Wi-Fi Client Package–802.11 WLAN Client–802.11 WPA Client–802.11 WPA3 Client5G technology• GTPv2-C Client/Server• S1AP/NAS Client/Server• GTPv1 Client/Server• E1AP Client/Server• NGAP/NAS Client/ServerMonitoring and engine capabilities Instrumentation• Valid case• Syslog• Agent• SNMP• Custom scripting at each testing executionSafeGuard checkers• Amplification• Authentication bypass• Blind LDAP injection• Blind SQL injection• Certificate validation• Compressed signer’s name in RRSIG record • Cross-site request forgery• Cross-site scripting• ECDH Public Key validation• Extra cookie compared to valid case• Heartbleed• Information leakage• Insufficient randomness• LDAP injection in response• Malformed HTTP• Remote execution• SQL injection in response• SMP insecure pairing parameters• Unexpected data• Unprotected credentials• Weak cryptographyAnomaly categories• ASN.1/BER anomalies• Credential anomalies• Deep packet inspection• EICAR antivirus test file• GTUBE (generic test for unsolicited bulkemail)• Control plane injection anomalies• Integer anomalies• Network address anomalies• Overflow anomalies• Underflow anomaliesNote: We add test suites frequently. Pleasecontact us for the latest list.。
计算机英语考试题及答案
计算机英语考试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. Which of the following is not a type of computer hardware?A. CPUB. RAMC. SoftwareD. Hard Disk答案：C2. What does the acronym "USB" stand for?A. Universal Serial BusB. User System BusC. User Storage BusD. Universal Storage Bus答案：A3. What is the primary function of a router in a computer network?A. To store dataB. To process dataC. To connect multiple devicesD. To print documents答案：C4. Which of the following is a programming language?A. HTMLB. CSSC. JavaScriptD. All of the above答案：D5. What does "RAM" stand for in computer terminology?A. Random Access MethodB. Random Access MemoryC. Remote Access MemoryD. Rapid Access Memory答案：B6. What is the term for a collection of data stored on a computer?A. FileB. FolderC. DatabaseD. Memory答案：A7. Which of the following is a type of computer virus?A. WormB. TrojanC. Both A and BD. None of the above答案：C8. What is the purpose of a firewall in a computer system?A. To prevent unauthorized accessB. To speed up internet connectionsC. To store dataD. To print documents答案：A9. What does "GUI" stand for in the context of computer systems?A. Graphical User InterfaceB. General User InterfaceC. Global User InterfaceD. Graphical Universal Interface答案：A10. What is the term for a small computer program that performs a specific task?A. ApplicationB. SoftwareC. UtilityD. Script答案：D二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. The basic unit of data in a computer is called a____________.答案：bit2. A computer's operating system is an example of______________.答案：system software3. The process of converting data into a form that can be understood by a computer is called ______________.答案：encoding4. The term used to describe the speed of a computer's processor is ______________.答案：clock speed5. A computer network that spans a large geographical area is known as a ______________.答案：WAN (Wide Area Network)6. The process of recovering lost data is called______________.答案：data recovery7. A computer program that is designed to disrupt or damage a computer system is known as a ______________.答案：malware8. The primary storage medium for a computer's operating system and most frequently used programs is the______________.答案：hard drive9. The term used to describe the process of transferring data from one computer to another is ______________.答案：data transfer10. A computer that is part of a network and shares its resources with other computers is called a ______________.答案：server三、简答题（每题10分，共40分）1. What are the main components of a computer system?答案：The main components of a computer system include the central processing unit (CPU), memory (RAM), storage devices (hard disk, solid-state drive, etc.), input devices (keyboard, mouse, etc.), output devices (monitor, printer, etc.), andthe operating system.2. Explain the difference between hardware and software in a computer system.答案：Hardware refers to the physical components of a computer, such as the CPU, memory, and storage devices. Software, on the other hand, comprises the programs and instructions that run on the hardware, including theoperating system, applications, and utilities.3. What is the role of a firewall in a computer network?答案：A firewall is a network security system that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules. It acts as a barrier between a trusted internal network and untrusted external networks,such as the Internet, to prevent unauthorized access and protect the internal network from potential threats.4. Describe the process of data encryption and its importance in computer security.答案：Data encryption is the process of converting readable data into an unreadable format, called ciphertext, using an algorithm and a key. This process ensures that only authorized parties with the correct key can access and decrypt the data. Encryption is crucial for protecting sensitive information from unauthorized access, ensuring data privacy and security in computer systems and networks.。
最新国家开放大学国开(中央电大)04020《管理英语4》题库及标准答案
最新国家开放大学国开(中央电大)04020《管理英语4》题库及标准答案《管理英语4》2023年更新交际用语(单选题)1、- ?-She is a data analyst in a software company.正确选项1.What is your aunt?(V)2、- identify the problems that have been occurring?-Well,as you know,the problems we had with Gary caused a lot of friction among the team. 正确选项1.Are you able to(V)3 、-Can I get you a cup of tea?正确选项1.That's very nice of you(V)4 、- Could I borrow your iPad for a few hours?.Enjoy your time.正确选项1.Sure,here you are(V)5 、- Could you give us a speech on management functions some day this week?一正确选项1.I'd love to,but I'm busy this week(V)6 、- Do you know where I can repair my motorcar?一正确选项1.Around the street corner(V)7 、- Do you mind if I use vouchers to spend in a restaurant?一正确选项1.Not at all. Go ahead(V)8 、- Don't worry,Mum.The doctor said it was only a common cold.!I'll tell Dad there's nothing serious.正确选项1.What a relief(V)9 、-Haven't seen you for ages. What are you busy doing now?正确选项1.I am working part time in a bookstore(V)10 、-How can you explain the latest situation?,I know it is all my fault.正确选项1.Sorry(V)11 、-How did your meeting go yesterday?,It was really frustrating actually.正确选项1.Not so good(V)12 、-How was your job interview last Monday?一She seemed interested in my working experience,but she didn't ask for references. 正确选项1.I'm not sure(V)13 、-I am sorry for what I have said to you.正确选项1.Never mind(V)14 、-I have at least half an hour exercise in speaking English every day.- Terrific!正确选项1.Keep it up(V)15 、-I think I have made a great mistake.- I don't think so.正确选项1.It's not your fault(V)16 、-I think things have been a bit difficult for us the last couple of months.We've been working hard, but still getting behind.正确选项1.You're right(V)17 、-I think we'll have to talk later. I've got to go now. Great seeing you.正确选项1.Nice meeting you(V)18 、-I wanted to talk to you about how to motivate our staff in the business intelligence team.一正确选项1.That's also what I am concerned about(V)19 、-I'd like a wake-up call at 7:00 a.m., please!- 0k,正确选项1.I'11 make sure you get one(V)20 、- I'm going to Beijing for a few days.正确选项1.I really envy you(V)21 、- I'm just going to have to wake up an hour earlier.正确选项1.Sounds like a good plan(V)22 、-If you can't say what you've come to say at the meeting, what's the point?but I think you might need to change your approach somewhat.正确选项1.I can see that(V)23 、-Is it possible for you to work out the plan tonight?正确选项1.Yes,I think so(V)24 、-It's about a successful businessman's management experience,isn't it?一正确选项1.That's right(V)25 、- Jack,how do you compare their company and ours?正确选项1.Well,it's hard to do that(V)26 、- Over-the-top? You mean...正确选项1.Well,sometimes your co-workers feel that you are too loud(V)27 、-Scott,I'd like to have your opinions about my written report.一.But I have one suggestion.正确选项1.It looks fine to me(V)28 、-Sorry for being late. I should have called you earlier.I've just arrived.正确选项1.That's all right(V)29 、- The Auto Show in the City Stadium has been canceled?- Oh,no!正确选项1.What a pity(V)30 、- The trip ought not to take more than an hour.,It is at least two hours,正确选项1.You must be joking(V)31 、-This is a really lively party. There is a great atmosphere, isn't there?.The hosts know how to host a party.正确选项1.Yes,indeed(V)32 、-This mathematical problem is too difficult for me to solve on time. Could you please help me?正确选项1.Sure,I'll give you a hand(V)33 、-Will you go on a picnic with us tomorrow?正确选项1.Sorry,I have an appointment with Dr. Brown(V)34 、-Will you help me arrange a meeting with Mr. Brown,please?I have to finish my project right now.正确选项1.Sorry,I can't(V)35 、- Wow!This is a fantastic project!I've never known you're so creative.正确选项1.Thanks for your compliments(V)36-You have to believe in yourself. No one else will, if you don't.Confidence is really important.正确选项1.I couldn't agree more(V)37 、-You'd better not push yourself too hard. You can ask the team and listen.正确选项1.You are right(V)38 、- Your shoes go well with your dress.正确选项1.Thanks for your compliment (V)39、- ?-I'd like to have this film developed.正确选项1.May I help you(V)40 、-This project is too big for me to finish on time.正确选项1.I'11 give you a hand(V)词汇与结构(单选题)1 with English, Chinese is generally believed to be more difficult to learn.正确选项pared(V)2 、An employee may express their different understanding and,at the same time,a willingness to any constructive suggestions.正确选项ply with(V)3、his anger the employees called him Mr. Thunder,but they loved him.正确选项1.Due to(V)4 managers spend most of their time in face-to-face contact with others,but they spend much of it obtaining and sharing information.正确选项1.Not only do(V)5 on the hilltop,you could enjoy the scenery of the city bathed in the sun.正确选项1.Standing(V)6 the inverse happens, there will be a surplus of stocks and overstaffing.正确选项1.If(V)7 the job, employers don't want to hire people who are difficult to get along with. 正确选项1.Regardless of(V)8、you don't complete tasks,you won't get promoted.正确选项1.If(V)9、foster a creative culture, it is important to find the right employees during the recruitment process and bring them into the company.正确选项1.In order to(V)10、the day,if his employees have to be forced to use the app, how can he expect consumers to want to willingly pay to use it?正确选项1.At the end of(V)11、he was exhausted, he kept on working.正确选项1.Although(V)12 、A facility enabling participants in distant locations to a conference electronically. 正确选项1.take part in(V)13 、After days of investigation, the police were reality.正确选项1.approaching(V)14 、Al1 glitters are not gold.正确选项1.that(V)15 、All of the tables and chairs away.正确选项1.had been stored(V)16 、All the guests are seated in the front row.正确选项1.distinguished(V)17 、Along the dusty road a group of tourists.正确选项1.came(V)18 、Although we can't compete in terms of size,I believe we hold an advantage in terms of dedication to customer service.正确选项1.do(V)19 、An agreement was reached on the of mutual respect and mutual interest.正确选项1.basis(V)20 、An appreciated gift and the gesture of providing it will your coworker's day.正确选项1.light up(V)21 、An effective leader sets the tone for the team,encourages a positive workplace culture,and is able to cultural change.正确选项1.bring about (V)22 、As I see it,you should manage—coordinate—the project and the teams needed to complete it successfully.正确选项1.bring together(V)23 、At a rough ,we will take another four weeks to finish this plan.正确选项1.estimate(V)24 、AT&T found that employees with better planning and decision-making skills were to be promoted into management jobs.正确选项1.more likely(V)25 、By the end of the year,the sales plan for the next year正确选项1.will have been made(V)26 、Companies offer promotions without having an adequate plan in place for with volume. 正确选项1.dealing(V)27 、Concentrate on being and real.正确选项1.distinct(V)28 、Controlling involves achievement against established objectives and goals.正确选项1.measuring(V)29 、Don't be intimidated by the bad performance review and want to quit the job; learn from it.正确选项1.instead(V)30 、Each employee, his/her spot on the totem pole,has an influence on how Google performs.正确选项1.regardless of(V)31 、Employees have t o all company information,adding a sense of trust, and employees and leaders work together to solve problems.正确选项1.access(V)32 、Every employee at Google has the opportunity to 20% of his or her working time ona project they choose.正确选项1.spend(V)33 、Every time I tried to say something, he would to something else.正确选项1.move on(V)34 、Good work good pay.正确选项1.deserves(V)35 、Google does just that by hosting employee forums every Friday, they discuss the 20most-asked questions.正确选项1.where(V)36 、Great changes in companies in the U.S. and abroad because of globalization.正确选项1.have taken place(V)37 、Greater employee satisfaction higher performance.正确选项1.contributes to(V)38 、He refuses to his defeat.正确选项1.acknowledge(V)39 、How do we expect to compete with a company that has such a huge and huge resources? 正确选项1.reputation(V)40 、How do you get your members to as a team?正确选项1.pull together(V)41 、I have been very lucky to have had managers during my career so far.正确选项1.terrific(V)42 、I have no idea you mean.正确选项1.what(V)43 、I like to think I am always the one finding new ways to a situation or challenge. 正确选项1.outside of the box(V)44 、I think a big part of it is we know how to have fun on the job.正确选项1.that(V)45 、I think the primary factor is there's been so much absence lately.正确选项1.contributing(V)46 、I would recommend that you on following through with projects.正确选项1.work(V)47 、I'd like to know the forces for change come from.正确选项1.where(V)48 、If it p to me,I'd love for everyone to come in at noon.正确选项1.were(V)49 、If there is friction between team members,examine the work processesthey mutually own. Which of the following words can replace the above underlined word?正确选项1.jointly(V)50 、If you could have an supply of any food,what would you like to have?正确选项1.endless(V)51 、In competitive markets, leaders are under increased to maintain a positive work culture.正确选项1.pressure(V)52 、In high school, I am equally comfortable as a member of a team and independently. 正确选项1.working(V)53 、Ineffective communication can be正确选项1.disastrous(V)54 、It is through enthusiasm and quiet intensity we transform creativity and vision into the technologies.正确选项1.that(V)55 、It's about a successful businessman's management experience,正确选项1.isn't it(V)56 、It's about my new role as project coordinator that I'm正确选项1.taking on(V)57 、Keep a attitude and don't let yourself drown in uncertainty.正确选项1.positive(V)58 、Leaders,Welch suggested,are those who achieve results those who share the values of the company.正确选项1.not only,but also(V)59 、Learning new things has always been a great for me.正确选项1.motivator(V)60 、Linda walked at the head. by her colleagues.正确选项1.followed(V)61 、Make the picture as as you can.正确选项1.clear(V)62 、Men and women in the team are interested in different things,we should avoid them something they don't want.正确选项1.giving(V)63 、Middle managers directly top management.正确选项1.lied to(V)64 、My leather shoes cost me the last pairs I bought.正确选项1.three times as much as(V)65 、PayPal CEO David Marcus wrote a critical letter to his employees them for not using PayPal products.正确选项1.blaming(V)66 、Please your hand if you have any question at all.正确选项1.raise(V)67 、Please ask the solicitor what his would be to take the case to court.正确选项1.fee(V)68 、Provide training in systematic methods so the team its energy the project. 正确选项1.expend…on(V)69 、Redundancy happens when employees need to their workforce. And as a result, someone gets dismissed from work.正确选项1.reduce(V)70 、Regular and concrete feedback is important when with a worker who is not performing up to her potential.正确选项1.dealing(V)71 、Say what you mean in few words possible.正确选项1.as ...as (V)72 、Self-esteem needs might include the from a workplace.正确选项1.rewards(V)73 、She is very adaptive and soon to the campus life.正确选项1.adapted(V)74 、Some employees are putting up resistance for fear of a reduction in benefits or being 正确选项id off(V)75 、Sometimes, members of teams o bstacles by focusing on solely theirown pursuits and goals. 正确选项1.create(V)76 、Team members are as unique people with irreplaceable experiences, points of view,and knowledge to contribute.正确选项1.viewed(V)77 、The demands and requirements placed on the CEO of Sony are different from on the manager of your local Wendy's restaurant.正确选项1.those(V)78 、The director says to me, “argue with customers.”正确选项1.Don't(V)79 、The Human Resource Managing Department at Honda is specific instructions on how to employ the best possible workers.正确选项1.given(V)80 、The key to successful implementation is clearly the strategy to the whole company. 正确选项municating(V)81 、The leader at creating opportunities to provide rewards,recognition and thanks to his or her staff.正确选项1.excels(V)82 、The majority of these team challenges anywhere.正确选项1.can be delivered(V)83 、The meaning of “communication” goes a lot than people often think.正确选项1.deeper(V)84 、The most important thing is to clarify you want to say.正确选项1.what(V)85 、The reason he was absent from class yesterday was that he was ill and hospitalized. 正确选项1.why(V)86 、The responsibilities in handbook that managers have to be concerned with efficiency and effectiveness in the work process.正确选项1.indicate(V)87 、The scientists are still inventing new methods of reaching outer space.正确选项1.working on(V)88 、The team creates an enyironment people are comfortable in communicating,advocating positions, and taking action.正确选项1.in which(V)89 、The total budget has been for this project.正确选项1.allocated(V)90 、The workmen want to the number of working hours and to increase pay.正确选项1.decrease(V)91 、The world largest search engine company provides a free search service users can get relevant results in an instant.正确选项1.with which(V)92 、Their economy is export正确选项1.oriented(V)93 、There is no denying the fact he is the best student in the class.正确选项1.that(V)94 、They depend on each other to survive. In other words, they are for survival.正确选项1.interdependent(V)95 、They depend on each other to survive. In other words, they are f or survival.正确选项1.interdependent(V)96 、They have come to the conclusion this winter will be even colder than before.正确选项1.that(V)97 、This is the man I saw last night.正确选项1.whom(V)98 、To be ,a performance appraisal needs to have a set of agreed criteria that will be the basis of feedback as well as of setting future goals.正确选项1.effective(V)99、To build the reservoir (水库), thousands of people have to be .正确选项1.relocated(V)100 、To reduce the loss during the change,we must make sure we have the necessary skills. 正确选项1.productivity(V)101 、Until a strategic plan is ,it has no real value.正确选项1.put into effect(V)102 、We with achievement.正确选项1.are obsessed(V)103 、We need communication skills:listen carefully,think before you speak and manage conflicts diplomatically.正确选项1.outstanding(V)104 、We've asked the stand designers we used before to up with some designs for us.正确选项e(V)105 、What can we him?正确选项1.expect from(V)106 、What you need to do is to keep things short and sweet, just the正确选项1.highlights(V)107 、When a strategy is not understood or embraced,it usually misunderstanding and uneven commitments to implementation.正确选项1.results in(V)108 、When people are surrounded by communication and encouragement, they can find the courage to try,fail,redo,and try again.正确选项1.constant(V)109 、When the message finally reached the Command Center,it “mutate d” to become —“Send three and four-pence,we're going to a dance.”正确选项1.had(V)110 、While modest fear might be healthy for motivation, it can be like overusing a drug, which risks generating harmful side effects.正确选项1.abusing(V)111 、With the o f China's economic reforms,there is greater cooperation and interdependence between the private and the public sector.正确选项1.deepening(V)112 、Without his assistance,I the research last month.正确选项1.would not have completed(V)113、You build teamwork by “retreating” as a group for a couple of days each year,instead you need to think of team building as something you do every single day.正确选项1.will not(V)114、You a n idea for the fun day out activities, and I'll look into the pay rewards. 正确选项e up with(V)阅读理解(单选题)A team of about 35 employees had come together for a team-building event. They were a young, bright and enthusiastic team. However, one of their chief problems was the fact that they wouldn't share in 省略...1 、About how many team members were out of the second round of the activity?正确选项1.5.(V)2 、What was the event going to teach these employees?正确选项1.Cooperating with other members is more efficient when they are working together. (V) 3 、What was the purpose of holding this team-building event?正确选项1.Making the team members know how to cooperate with each other. (V)4 、Where was the event held?正确选项1.In a restaurant. (V)5 、Which statement below is correct about the event?正确选项1.In the third round, everybody had their own balloon within 2 minutes. (V)Five Basic Functions that Make up the Management Process In 1916,a French coal mine director named Henri Fayol wrote a book entitled Administration Industrielle et Generale. Today,ma 省略...1 、What does Controlling in management mean?正确选项1.Controlling process. (V)2 、What does Leading require managers to do?正确选项1.Influence employees. (V)3 、Which of the following choice is involved in Planning?正确选项1.Formulating objectives for a company and decidin g steps to reach objectives.(V)4 、Which of the following is the feature of the Staffing function?正确选项1.It is a continuous activity and it requires efficiency. (V)5 、Which of the following statements explains organizing in management process?正确选项1.Bringing resources together to achieve objectives.(V)How to Adapt to Change in the Workplace If there's one word that captures the essence of what is occurring in the world today,it's “chang e.” Downsizing,reorganizing,and cutting costs, are no省略...1 、How many suggestions does the author put forward?正确选项1.6.(V)2 、What could we know about Robin Sharma from the passage?正确选项1.He is an expert on leadership and personal success.(V)3 、What does the phrase “No industry is exempt”mean in Paragraph 1?正确选项1.No industry is an exception.(V)4 、What's the purpose when enterprises carry out downsizing,reorganizing,and cutting costs? 正确选项1.To survive.(V)5 、Which of the following questions are often discussed among scholars?正确选项1.What can workers do to get through change?(V)How to Handle a Bad Performance Review Getting a bad performance review can make you feel angry, unappreciated,defeated, and hopeless. But it's not the end of the world. Remember that the way 省略...1 、How do you improve a bad performance review?正确选项1.Understand the established performance standards.(V)2 、What should you do after you are given a bad performance review?正确选项1.Learn from the review.(V)3 、What should you do if you disagree with the bad performance review?正确选项1.Make a written statement on your own behalf if it is allowed.(V)4 、What should you do when you are given a bad performance review?正确选项1.Stay calm and listen carefully.(V)5 、Why should we understand the cause of a bad performance review?正确选项1.Because it encourages and motivates the worker to do better.(V)Organizational Culture and Its Functions Just as individuals have personalities,so, too,do organizations. Individuals have relatively enduring and stable traits that help us predict their att省略...1 、How many characteristics does an organization's culture primarily contain?正确选项1.7.(V)2 、How many functions does the culture perform within an organization?正确选项1.5.(V)3 、What does the word “fit” in the last paragraph mean?正确选项1.Match. (V)4 、What is the first function of organizational culture?正确选项1.To distinguish one organization from another.(V)5 、What is the third function of organizational culture?正确选项1.To help make employees more committed to the organization.(V)The meaning of “communication” goes a lot deeper than people often think. Communication is about conceiving,sending,receiving,and interpreting messages as wellas confirming reception of these mess省略...1 、According to the last paragraph, what result will be caused by human failure?正确选项1.Inadequate communication between departments.(V)2 、In the famous British Army Commander story,which step probably was right in the communication chain?正确选项1.Conceiving.(V)3 、What does the phrase “confirming reception of the sent messages” mean in Paragraph 1?正确选项1.To make sure that the messages are correctly understood by the right receivers. (V) 4 、What is Chinese whispers?正确选项1.A game to pass messages around in a whisper. (V)5 、When does “allocative success” happen?正确选项1.The right information goes to the right place. (V)Working for Google is a dream of many,not just because of what this company has achieved in the last 15 years, but because of its enviable work culture.With about 37,000 employees in40 countries, y省略...1 、How would you describe Google?正确选项rge global enterprises. (V)2 、What can we learn from this passage?正确选项1.Google employees have the chance to get away from mundane errands. (V)3 、What is Google's secret to success?正确选项1.Valuing the happiness of its employees as well as innovating good products. (V)4 、Which of the following belongs to the methods that Google motivates its employees?正确选项1.0ffering entertaining equipment in the workplace. (V)5 、Who founded Google?正确选项rry Page and Sergey Brin. (V)阅读理解(判断题)A strategic plan is not the end goal of the strategic planning process - it is the framework for successfully implementing a strategy. Until a strategic plan is put into effect,it has no real value. 省略.1 、The final goal of the strategic planning process is a strategic plan.正确选项1.F(V)2 、A good strategy is likely to fall apart without the input and feedback of the people responsible for executing the strategy.正确选项1.T(V)3 、A strategic plan is valuable if it is executed.正确选项1.T(V)4 、Leadership's idea determines all.正确选项1.F(V)5 、There are four keys to successful implementation.正确选项1.F(V)Communication Failure Communication is about conceiving,sending,receiving,and interpreting messages as well as confirming reception of these messages. A failure at any point in this chain ca 省略...1 、Communication chain does not involve confirmation of receiving messages.正确选项1.F(V)2 、Human failure happens when two departments do not communicate effectively.正确选项1.T(V)3 、If demand is decreasing,allocative communication failure will result in overstocking and understaffing.正确选项1.F(V)4 、Increasing customer complaints is one of the symptoms of executive failure.正确选项1.T(V)5 、The communication chain is completely different in daily life as in a business.正确选项1.F(V)Create a Positive Workplace Culture In competitive markets,leaders are under increased pressureto maintain a positive work culture.A positive work culture cultivates greater employee satisfa 省略...1 、A positive work culture will give workers more satisfaction.正确选项1.T(V)2 、In competitive markets,leaders are under more and more pressure to keepa positive work culture. 正确选项1.T(V)3 、Positive cultures have a lot to do with leadership vision and values.正确选项1.T(V)4 、Positive work culture can be built in a short period of time.正确选项1.F(V)5 、The direction and actions of the business must differ from the core values of the employees, so that workplace culture can be positive.正确选项1.F(V)It's important for a CEO to be passionate and enthusiastic, but there's a line of professionalism that must always be maintained.According to a report from the technology website Ventu省略...1 、“A one-sided note” refers to the root of PayPal''s problem.正确选项1.F(V)2 、A CEO only needs to be passionate and enthusiastic.正确选项1.F(V)3 、Good executives need to give feedback immediately when they are listening to the staff.正确选项1.F(V)4 、It is not professional that PayPal CEO blames his employees for not using PayPal or forgetting PayPal passwords.正确选项1.T(V)5 、When faced with internal problems, good executives find the root of a problem in their executive team first.正确选项1.T(V)It's no secret that good leaders are also good communicators. Indeed,communication and leadership are inextricably tied. How can you galvanize,inspire or guide others if you don't communicate in a c省略...1 、Communicating sincerely is always the best.正确选项1. √(V)2 、Communication and leadership don't always go hand in hand.正确选项1. ×(V)3 、0bservation is as important as communication when you want to know what people really think. 正确选项1. √(V)4 、The say-do gap happens when people misunderstand their leader's intention.正确选项1. ×(V)5 、Using technical jargon makes a leader convincing.正确选项1. ×(V)Jack Welch Leading Organizational Change at GE When Jack Welch, the Chairman and CEO at General Electric (GE)retired in 2001,he could look back at a very successful career. He became CEO in 省略...1 、Jack Welch retired at the age of 65.正确选项1. √(V)2 、If the business could not meet Welch's change requirements,its manager had3 choices.正确选项1. √(V)3 、Jack Welch insisted that each of the businesses should be at least top 5 in their respective area.正确选项1. ×(V)4 、The restructuring went before changing the organizational culture and the managerial styles of GE's managers.正确选项1. √(V)5 、The Work Out lasted a week.正确选项1. ×(V)Nokia executives attempted to explain its fall from the top of the smartphone pyramid with three factors:1)that Nokia was technically inferior to Apple,2)that the company was complacent and 3)tha 省略...1 、Middle managers in Nokia delivered results more than they promised earlier.正确选项1.F(V)2 、Nokia lost the smartphone battle because its technology is not as good as that of Apple. 正确选项1.F(V)3 、Nokia's middle managers were frank to tell the truth, but the top ones didn't listen to them. 正确选项1.F(V)4 、Nokia's top managers should have had better conversation techniques to encourage internal coordination and truth.正确选项1.T(V)5 、Nokia's top managers were too moody to hear anything unpleasant.正确选项1.T(V)Performance Management and Performance Appraisal Performance management aims to acknowledge employee achievements,support their personal and professional development,and motivate and empower 省略..1 、Performance management is a very important part of any quality human resource system.正确选项1.T(V)2 、“Performance management” is also called “performance appraisal”.正确选项1.F(V)3 、An enterprise can be better placed to meet competitive challenges by providing the education, training,and feedback required by employees,for example.正确选项1.T(V)4 、Every enterprise can expect high performance from each employee.正确选项1.F(V)5 、The aim of performance management is to punish unqualified employees.正确选项1.F(V)When you think of team building,do you immediately picture your group off at a resort playing games or hanging from ropes? Traditionally,many organizations approach team building in this way but,th省略...1 、“Retreat” in the first paragraph means withdrawal of troops after a defeat.正确选项1.F(V)2 、A good teamwork culture enables individuals to make more efforts together.正确选项1.T(V)3 、Ice breaking motivates team members to compete with each other.正确选项1.F(V)4 、Team building event is traditionally related to playing games at the resort.正确选项1.T(V)5 、The author claims that playing games together is as important as forming teams to solve real work issues and improve real work processes for team building.正确选项1.F(V)。
计算机英语试题及答案
计算机英语试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. Which of the following is not a programming language?A. JavaB. C++C. PythonD. Photoshop2. What does CPU stand for?A. Central Processing UnitB. Central Power UnitC. Central Printing UnitD. Central Programming Unit3. What is the full form of HTML?A. Hyper Text Markup LanguageB. Hyper Text Markup LanguageC. Hyper Text Markup LanguageD. Hyper Text Markup Language4. In computer networking, what does IP stand for?A. Internet ProtocolB. Internet ProgrammingC. Internet ProviderD. Internet Processor5. What is the primary function of a router?A. To print documentsB. To store dataC. To connect multiple networksD. To provide internet access6. Which of the following is a type of database management system?A. MS WordB. MS ExcelC. MS AccessD. MS PowerPoint7. What does the acronym RAM stand for?A. Random Access MemoryB. Rapid Access MemoryC. Remote Access MemoryD. Real Access Memory8. What is the term for a collection of data stored in a computer in a structured format?A. FileB. DocumentC. DatabaseD. Folder9. Which of the following is not a type of computer virus?A. TrojanB. WormC. AntivirusD. Ransomware10. What does the term "bandwidth" refer to in the context ofinternet usage?A. The width of the cableB. The speed of data transferC. The number of usersD. The quality of the connection二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. The basic unit of data in computing is called a ________.2. A ________ is a type of software that is designed to prevent, detect, and remove malware.3. The process of converting data into a form that can be easily transmitted or stored is known as ________.4. A ________ is a hardware device that allows a computer to connect to a network.5. The term "cybersecurity" refers to the practice of protecting systems, networks, and programs from ________ and other types of cyber attacks.6. A ________ is a collection of related data and the way it is organized.7. The ________ is a type of computer memory that retains data even when the power is off.8. The process of finding and fixing errors in a program is known as ________.9. A ________ is a type of software that allows users to create and edit documents.10. The ________ is a set of rules that define how data is formatted, transmitted, and received.三、简答题（每题10分，共30分）1. Explain the difference between a server and a client in a network.2. Describe the role of an operating system in a computer system.3. What are the key components of a computer system?四、论述题（每题30分，共30分）1. Discuss the importance of data backup and recovery in a computer system.答案：一、选择题1. D2. A3. A4. A5. C6. C7. A8. C9. C10. B二、填空题1. bit2. Antivirus3. Encoding4. Network Interface Card (NIC)5. unauthorized access6. Database7. Hard disk8. Debugging9. Word processor10. Protocol三、简答题1. In a network, a server is a computer system or device that provides resources or services to other computers, known as clients. The server manages network traffic, centralizes data storage, and provides access to shared resources, while the client is a computer that requests and uses these resourcesor services.2. An operating system is the software that manages computer hardware, software resources, and provides services for computer programs. It acts as an intermediary between theuser and the computer hardware, allowing users to interactwith the computer without needing detailed knowledge of the hardware.3. The key components of a computer system include thecentral processing unit (CPU), memory (RAM), storage devices (hard disk, SSD), input devices (keyboard, mouse), output devices (monitor, printer), and peripheral devices (scanner, webcam).四、论述题1. Data backup and recovery are critical in a computer system because they ensure that data is preserved in case ofhardware failure, data loss, or cyber attacks. Regularbackups allow for the restoration of data to a previous state, minimizing downtime and potential loss of information. This process is essential for maintaining business continuity and protecting against data loss.。
选择性必修第四册：Unit 5 Launching Your Career Reading
Activity 1: Skim and match the main idea with each paragraph.
Para 1:
Para 2: Para 3-5: Para 6: Para 7：
A Introduce different career aptitude tests. B Start the topic of the text.
4. Not only can you look at the _______ but also you should see
Career suggestions more advanncoetd cparoelerist. e
In conclusion
5. Career apititude are clearly a very ________. However, they are only meant for ________. A good career is finding something that you are passionate abaout.
4. Not only can you look at the basic career, but also you should see
more advancendoctarepeorsl.ite
In conclusion
5. Career apititude are clearly a very useful tool. However, they are only meant for guidance. A good career is finding something that you are passionate abaout.
Chapter13软件测试技术
Testing is the process of exercising a program with the specific intent of finding errors prior to delivery to the end user.
1
Testability
15
L1(a→c→e) L3(a→b→e) L2(a→b→d) L4(a→c→d)
16
1. 语句覆盖
语句覆盖就是设计若干个测试用例 ，运行被测程序，使得每一可执行 语句至少执行一次。 在图例中，正好所有的可执行语句 都在路径L1上，所以选择路径 L1设 计测试用例，就可以覆盖所有的可 执行语句。
11
13.3 白盒测试 White-Box Testing
... our goal is to ensure that all statements and conditions have been executed at least once ...
12
Why Cover?
logic errors and incorrect assumptions are inversely proportional to a path's execution probability
black-box methods
Methods Strategies
10
Test Case Design
"Bugs lurk in corners and congregate at boundaries ..."
Boris Beizer
OBJECTIVE to uncover errors CRITERIA in a complete manner CONSTRAINT with a minimum of effort and time
significantly decreasing the selectivity
significantly decreasing theselectivitySignificantly decreasing the selectivity can have a profound impact on various aspects of a system or process. Here are some potential consequences of significantly decreasing the selectivity:1. Reduced Precision: Selectivity refers to the ability to target or focus ona specific subset of data or options. When selectivity decreases, the precision of the selection process is likely to be compromised. This means that fewer relevant or desired items are likely to be selected, potentially leading to suboptimal outcomes.2. Increased Noise and Redundancy: A decrease in selectivity often results in the inclusion of more noise or irrelevant data. This can make it more challenging to identify the truly valuable or significant information, as it is mixed with a larger amount of less relevant content. Additionally, there may be an increase in redundancy, where duplicate or similar items are selected, further complicating the analysis or decision-making process.3. Diminished Efficiency: With decreased selectivity, more resources may be required to handle and process the increased volume of data or options. This can lead to inefficiencies, as valuable time and effort may be spent on analyzing or dealing with irrelevant or low-priority items. The overall efficiency and productivity of the system or process may suffer as a result.4. Altered Decision-Making: Decreased selectivity can impact the quality and accuracy of decision-making. When there is a wider range of options to consider, it becomes more difficult to identify the best choices or prioritize them effectively. This can lead to suboptimal decisions or the potential for missed opportunities.5. Compromised Performance: In some cases, decreased selectivity may directly impact the performance or outcome of a system. For example, in a filtration process,a decrease in selectivity could result in the passage of more contaminants or impurities, affecting the quality of the final product.It's important to note that the specific consequences of significantly decreasing selectivity can vary depending on the context and nature of the system or process involved. In many cases, efforts may be made to enhance selectivity to improve the overall effectiveness and accuracy of the selection process.。
pirated software听写
pirated software听写Pirated software refers to unauthorized copies of software that are illegally distributed, often through file-sharing platforms or on physical media such as CDs or DVDs. This illegal activity is a significant issue for both software developers and end-users, as it undermines the intellectual property rights of the developers and can lead to various negative consequences.One of the primary reasons why people engage in pirating software is the desire to access expensive software without having to pay the high price. Some individuals believe that since they are not physically stealing a tangible item, such as a book or a CD, piracy is a victimless crime. However, this is far from true.For software developers, the creation of software involves significant investment in terms of time, expertise, and resources. Developers rely on the sales of their software to generate revenue and recoup their investments. When people pirate software instead of buying legitimate copies, developers lose out on potential sales, which can have a direct impact on the availability of future updates, bug fixes, and customer support for their software.Furthermore, piracy can harm the overall software industry by reducing the incentives for innovation. If developers cannot earn a reasonable profit from their software due to widespread piracy, they may choose to invest their resources elsewhere or shy away from creating innovative products. This ultimately limits the range and quality of software available to consumers.The risks associated with using pirated software extend beyond theethical implications. Pirated software often contains malware, including viruses, spyware, trojans, and other types of malicious code. When users download and install pirated software, they put their devices at risk of being infected with these harmful programs. These malware can compromise the security and privacy of users, leading to data breaches, identity theft, and other cybercrimes.Furthermore, pirated software cannot be trusted to function correctly or reliably. It may lack important updates, patches, and security measures that are regularly provided by legitimate software distributors. This ultimately compromises the stability and performance of pirated software, leading to system crashes, data corruption, and other issues that can negatively impact users' productivity and efficiency.Legal consequences are another significant concern when it comes to pirated software. Engaging in software piracy is copyright infringement and can result in severe penalties, including fines and imprisonment. Both the distributors and users of pirated software can be held liable for their actions, as they are undermining the rights of software developers. Many countries have established strict laws and regulations to combat software piracy and protect intellectual property rights.In conclusion, pirated software poses numerous risks and negative consequences for both software developers and end-users. It undermines the intellectual property rights of developers, reduces incentives for innovation, compromises the security and privacy of users, and can lead to legal consequences. It is crucial for individuals to understand the ethical, legal, and practicalimplications of using pirated software and to opt for legitimate alternatives instead.。
英语软件练习题及讲解高中
英语软件练习题及讲解高中### English Software Practice Questions and Explanations for High SchoolQuestion 1: VocabularyFill in the blanks with the most appropriate word from the given options.1. The software has been designed to be user-_________.- friendly- friendly- friendliness2. The new update has significantly improved the _________ of the application.- usability- usability- useableExplanation:For the first blank, "friendly" is the correct choice as it is an adjective that describes the software in terms of ease of use. The second blank should be filled with "usability," which is a noun that refers to how easy it is to use something.Question 2: GrammarChoose the correct sentence that uses the past perfect tense correctly.1. By the time the meeting started, I had already finished the report.2. The report was finished before the meeting started.Explanation:Both sentences are correct, but the first one uses the past perfect tense to indicate that the action of finishing the report was completed before the meeting started.Question 3: Reading ComprehensionRead the following passage and answer the question:In the era of digital transformation, software has become an integral part of our daily lives. From managing our finances to staying connected with friends and family, software applications have simplified many tasks. However, with the increasing complexity of software, the need for efficient coding practices has also grown. Developers must now focus on writing clean and maintainable code to ensure the longevity and reliability of the software.Question:What is the main idea of the passage?Answer:The main idea of the passage is the importance of efficient coding practices in the development of software to ensure its longevity and reliability in the context of digital transformation.Question 4: WritingWrite an essay on the topic: "The Impact of Software on Modern Education."Guidelines:- Discuss the benefits and challenges of using software in education.- Provide examples of educational software.- Conclude with your opinion on the future of software in education.Sample Introduction:The integration of software into the educational landscape has revolutionized the way we learn and teach. From interactive learning platforms to virtual classrooms, the impact of software on modern education is profound.Sample Body Paragraph:One of the key benefits of educational software is itsability to provide personalized learning experiences. Adaptive learning platforms can cater to the individual needs of students by adjusting the difficulty level of tasks and providing immediate feedback. However, challenges such as digital divide and the need for continuous training for educators to keep up with technological advancements cannot be overlooked.Sample Conclusion:In conclusion, while the use of software in education presents certain challenges, its potential to enhance learning outcomes and make education more accessible is immense. As technology continues to advance, it is crucialfor the educational sector to embrace these changes andstrive for a more inclusive and effective learning environment.Question 5: Listening ComprehensionListen to the audio clip of a software developer discussing a new app they have created. Answer the following questions:1. What is the primary function of the app?2. How does the app address user privacy concerns?Explanation:The questions are designed to test the listener's ability to understand the main points and details from an audio clip.The answers should be based on the information provided in the audio.Remember, practice makes perfect. Regularly engaging with these types of exercises will help you improve your English language skills, particularly in the context of software-related topics.。
小学上册第16次英语第2单元综合卷
小学上册英语第2单元综合卷英语试题一、综合题(本题有100小题，每小题1分，共100分.每小题不选、错误，均不给分)1.micropolitan) area is smaller than a metropolitan area. The ____2. A ______ is a systematic investigation of a phenomenon.3.The ________ (shop) is closed today.4.We celebrate our ________ (achievements) together.5.I enjoy ________ in the garden.6.She is _______ (searching) for her keys.7.What is the main ingredient in bread?A. RiceB. FlourC. SugarD. Salt答案:B8.The candy is very _______ (sticky).9.The North Star is also known as _______.10.Chlorine is used to disinfect _____ (water) in pools.11.The _______ (青蛙) often sits on lily pads.12.I hope to create a new ________ (玩具名) that everyone will love. It would be very ________ (形容词)!13.The rain is ___ (pouring) down.14.My dad is a __________ (飞行员) and travels a lot.15.The _______ (犬) is often considered man's best friend.16.The turtle can retract its head into its _______ (壳).17.We will _______ (一起去) the zoo.18.The ________ (农业环境) is constantly evolving.19.The ______ is a skilled engineer.20.What do you call the place where you go to learn?A. SchoolB. LibraryC. GymD. OfficeA21.Basalt is a common type of ______ rock.22. A shield volcano has a broad, gently sloping ______.23.My toy ____ can turn into a car. (玩具名称)24.She is ___ (laughing/crying) at the joke.25.The _______ (小刺猬) rolls into a ball when it feels scared.26.What is the chemical symbol for potassium?A. PB. KC. PtD. PaB K27.Acids can turn blue litmus paper _____.28.I often share my toy experiences with my ________ (名词) to inspire them.29.The ________ has a long tail and likes to swing.30.What is the capital of Barbados?A. BridgetownB. SpeightstownC. OistinsD. BathshebaA31. A compound that can donate electrons is called an ______.32.What color is a ripe strawberry?A. GreenB. RedC. YellowD. Blue33.I like to write ______ (博客) about my interests and hobbies. It’s a way to share with others.34.Animals that are active at night are called __________.35.What do you call a person who studies plants?A. BotanistB. ZoologistC. GeologistD. Chemist36.The ________ was a landmark event in the history of social equity.37.My sister's favorite _____ is a unicorn.38.What is the color of snow?A. BlueB. YellowC. WhiteD. GreenC39.The _____ (bird/fish) is chirping.40.What is 20 - 8?A. 10B. 12C. 14D. 1641. A _______ reaction occurs when two or more substances combine to form one substance.42.What is the opposite of short?A. TallB. WideC. NarrowD. ThickA43. A _______ (小水獺) plays in the river.44.I enjoy making ______ (手工艺品) for my friends.45.Which organ is responsible for breathing?A. HeartB. LungsC. StomachD. BrainB46.Which animal can fly?A. DogB. FishC. BirdD. CatC47.The __________ (历史的多样性诠释) enrich understanding.48.The sun rises in the _____ (east).49.In the toy store, I saw a big ________ (玩具车). It was red and blue, and I wanted to ________ (买).50. A __________ is a geological feature shaped by the action of glaciers.51.What do we call the person who writes books?A. ArtistB. AuthorC. TeacherD. ScientistB52.What is the opposite of wet?A. DryB. MoistC. HumidD. DampA53.We celebrate New Year in ______.54.We have a ______ (丰富的) schedule filled with activities.55. A simple circuit includes a battery, wires, and a ______.56.Which animal is known for its shell?A. FishB. TurtleC. DogD. CatB57.What do we call a person who studies animals?A. BotanistB. ZoologistC. GeologistD. Archaeologist58.She is a _____ (设计师) who creates user-friendly apps.59.What do we call the tool used to measure distance?A. RulerB. ScaleC. ThermometerD. Stopwatch60.How many vowels are in the English language?A. ThreeB. FourC. FiveD. Six61. A starling is a small, shiny ________________ (鸟).62.My teacher is very __________ (有条理).63.The cake is _______ (冷却的).64.I hope to travel to ________ (巴黎) one day.65.The puppy is _____ in the yard. (running)66.I want to know more about _______ (主题). Learning is a lifelong _______ (旅程).67. A _______ can be used to test the properties of different materials.68.I appreciate how my ________ (玩具名) can bring joy to others.69.The ______ is a skilled architect.70. A __________ is a substance used to test pH levels.71.The ________ can climb trees very well.72.What do we call a young seal?A. PupB. CalfC. KitD. ChickA Pup73.What do you call the act of taking care of your health?A. Well-beingB. FitnessC. WellnessD. HealthinessA74. A strong acid has a pH value that is ________ than75. A covalent bond is formed when atoms _____ electrons.76.The cat is ___ (resting) on the sofa.77.What is the name of the ocean that is located east of Africa?A. Atlantic OceanB. Indian OceanC. Arctic OceanD. Pacific OceanB78.What color do you get when you mix blue and yellow?A. GreenB. PurpleC. OrangeD. BrownA Green79.What do we use to make a call?A. PhoneB. ComputerC. TelevisionD. RadioA80.The _____ (mountain) is snowy.81.The ________ (鲜花) brighten up a room.82.What do you call the process of changing from a liquid to a solid?A. FreezingB. MeltingC. BoilingD. EvaporatingA83.The Sahara is the largest _______ in Africa.84. A ______ is a type of mixture where one substance dissolves in another.85.The _______ of a wave can be affected by its wavelength.86.How many months are there in a year?A. 10B. 12C. 14D. 9B87. A ____(community workshop) fosters skill-building and awareness.88.Which planet is known for its rings?A. EarthB. SaturnC. MarsD. VenusB89.I like _____ (to cook/to eat).90.The ________ is very wise and watches over us.91.The stars shine _______ (在夜空中).92.The __________ (生态破坏) must be addressed.93.What is the main ingredient in a salad?A. MeatB. VegetablesC. FruitD. BreadB94.What is the opposite of 'fast'?A. QuickB. SlowC. RapidD. SpeedyB95.Which sport involves kicking a ball?A. BasketballB. SoccerC. BaseballD. TennisB96.How do you say "friend" in Spanish?A. AmigoB. CopainC. FreundD. Compagnon97.What is the name of the fairy tale character who had long hair?A. RapunzelB. CinderellaC. Sleeping BeautyD. Snow WhiteA98.The _____ (章鱼) is a fascinating sea creature.99.The ______ shares interesting facts about history.100.What do we call the fourth planet from the Sun?A. VenusB. EarthC. MarsD. Jupiter。
安庆“PEP”24年小学四年级上册A卷英语第二单元期末试卷(含答案)
安庆“PEP”24年小学四年级上册英语第二单元期末试卷(含答案)考试时间：80分钟（总分:120）A卷考试人：_________题号一二三四五总分得分一、综合题(共计100题共100分)1. 听力题：A __________ has a definite volume but no definite shape.2. 选择题：What do we call a group of lions?A. PackB. FlockC. PrideD. Herd答案: C3. 听力题：The _____ (clouds/trees) are white.4. 听力题：__________ are used to make plastics and synthetic materials.5. 填空题：A ____(community workshop) fosters skill-building and awareness.6. 选择题：What is the opposite of ‘easy’?A. SimpleB. DifficultC. HardD. Challenging7. 听力题：The chemical formula for iron(III) oxide is ______.8. 选择题：What do you call a person who studies stars and planets?B. ChemistC. AstronomerD. Physicist答案:C9. 选择题：Which tree produces acorns?A. MapleB. PineC. OakD. Birch答案:C10. 听力题：My birthday is in _____ (January/July).11. 听力题：A _______ reaction occurs when substances combine to form a new substance.12. 听力题：A __________ is an area of land that is surrounded by water on three sides.13. 选择题：What do we call a person who makes shoes?A. TailorB. CobblerC. WeaverD. Blacksmith14. 填空题：The ________ (树) provides shade on a hot day.15. 填空题：A ________ (草原) is home to many animals.16. 听力题：The sky is _____ (clear/cloudy) today.17. 填空题：The cat stretches after a _________. (小睡)18. 选择题：What is the capital of Cuba?A. HavanaB. SantiagoD. Trinidad答案:A19. 听力题：The chemical formula for propanoic acid is ______.20. 选择题：What is the capital of the United Kingdom?A. LondonB. EdinburghC. BelfastD. Cardiff21. 填空题：The country of Kenya is famous for its ________ (肯尼亚以其________而闻名).22. 填空题：Insects can be both helpful and ______ (有害) to plants.23. 选择题：What is the name of the famous artist who painted the Mona Lisa?A. PicassoB. Van GoghC. da VinciD. Michelangelo24. 填空题：The _______ (The Treaty of Paris) ended the American Revolutionary War.25. 听力题：The flowers are _______ (blooming) beautifully.26. 听力题：Electric charges can be positive or ______.27. 听力题：A _______ is a solution that has a high concentration of solute.28. 听力题：The _____ (road/path) is narrow.29. 听力题：My mom loves to ________.What is the name of the first manned mission to the moon?A. Apollo 11B. GeminiC. VoyagerD. Mercury31. 填空题：At school, we have a toy day where we can bring our favorite ________ (名词). It's fun to see what others ________ (动词)!32. 填空题：My ____ can fly high in the sky. (玩具名称)33. 填空题：The __________ (历史的永恒) resonates with humanity.34. road network) connects different locations. 填空题：The ____35. 填空题：The dolphin can jump out of the ______ (水).36. Barrier Reef is located in _____ (澳大利亚). 填空题：The Grea37. 选择题：Which fruit is red and often eaten in pies?A. BananaB. CherryC. GrapeD. Orange答案: B38. 填空题：The ______ (植物的适应性) is crucial for survival.39. 填空题：My sister enjoys painting ____.40. 听力题：The ____ is a tiny insect that helps pollinate flowers.41. 听力题：The chemical formula for ammonia is __________._____ (aloe) has soothing properties for skin.43. 听力题：The clouds are ______ (fluffy) and white.44. 填空题：The ant works hard to build its ______ (巢).45. 填空题：I have a collection of ______ (邮票) from many different countries.46. 填空题：There are many _______ (书) in the library.47. 填空题：My favorite game is _______ (乒乓球).48. 填空题：中国的________ (art) 包括书法、绘画和雕塑。
“PEP”2024年11版小学6年级第14次英语第2单元寒假试卷(含答案)
“PEP”2024年11版小学6年级英语第2单元寒假试卷(含答案)考试时间：80分钟（总分:110）B卷考试人：_________题号一二三四五总分得分一、综合题(共计100题)1、填空题：A _____ (自然探索) can lead to discovering new plants.2、填空题：A ferret is a curious little ________________ (动物).3、填空题：The flamingo wades through shallow ______ (水) to find food.4、填空题：My _____ (表妹) is very funny.5、听力题：The ________ is the southernmost point of South America.6、听力题：I have a _____ of stickers. (book)7、What is the capital of Zambia?A. LusakaB. NdolaC. KitweD. Livingstone答案: A8、听力题：The teacher is ________ in the classroom.9、What is a common pet that barks?A. CatB. DogC. HamsterD. Fish答案: B10、Who wrote "Romeo and Juliet"?A. Mark TwainB. Charles DickensC. William ShakespeareD. J.K. Rowling答案: C11、听力题：A barn owl hunts at ______.12、听力题：A covalent bond is formed when atoms __________ electrons.13、填空题：We have a ______ (愉快的) time at school events.14、听力题：The symbol for hydrogen is _______.15、听力题：His favorite food is ________.16、听力题：I enjoy ___ (going) to the park.17、填空题：My favorite sport is _______ (滑板).18、填空题：I have a toy ________ (玩具名称) that can slide down.19、What is the capital of Nigeria?A. AbujaB. LagosC. AccraD. Nairobi答案:A. Abuja20、填空题：The __________ (历史的探索空间) invites curiosity.There are ______ (five) birds in the tree.22、听力题：The chemical formula for iron(III) chloride is _______.23、What is the name of the famous building in Paris that is a symbol of love?A. Eiffel TowerB. Louvre MuseumC. Notre-Dame CathedralD. Arc de Triomphe答案: A. Eiffel Tower24、What is the process of making wine called?A. BrewingB. FermentationC. DistillationD. Aging答案:B25、听力题：The process of separating a mixture based on boiling points is called ______.26、What is the main ingredient in cookies?A. SugarB. FlourC. ChocolateD. Butter答案:B27、选择题：What is the name of the famous writer who created Sherlock Holmes?A. J.K. RowlingB. Agatha ChristieC. Arthur Conan DoyleD. Mark Twain28、听力题：The ancient Egyptians used ________ for documenting their history.29、What is the largest organ in the human body?A. HeartB. LiverC. SkinD. BrainThe ________ chirps happily in the trees.31、听力题：The ground is _____ (wet/dry) after the rain.32、选择题：What do we call a baby elephant?A. CalfB. PupC. FoalD. Cub33、What do we call the season when it snows?A. WinterB. SpringC. SummerD. Fall答案:A34、听力题：The sun ______ in the east. (rises)35、What is the name of the fairy tale character who had long hair?A. CinderellaB. RapunzelC. Snow WhiteD. Belle答案: B36、填空题：A _____ (植物分类) can help identify different species.37、听力题：Can you _____ me the ball? (throw/catch/read)38、What is the largest organ in the human body?A. HeartB. LiverC. SkinD. Brain39、填空题：I like to collect ________ (硬币).A _______ (金鱼) can be orange, yellow, or white.41、填空题：历史上，________ (pharaohs) 是古埃及的统治者。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-广西大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：60
2022年考研考博-考博英语-广西大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题The scientists have Wade a（）study of the viruses that cause the disease.问题1选项A.exhaustedB.exhaustingC.exhaustiveD.exhaustion【答案】C【解析】句意:科学家已经对产生疾病的病菌做了详尽的研究。
考查形近词辨析。
exhausted 筋疲力尽的，耗尽的；exhausting使人疲惫不堪的；exhaustive 详尽的，彻底的，全面的；exhaustion筋疲力尽，耗尽。
因此C项正确。
2.单选题There are few applications（）opportunities than robots.问题1选项A.likelyB.more likelyC.most likelyD.much likely 【答案】B【解析】句意:很少有电子应用软件比机器人更可能对未来就业机会造成恐慌。
考查固定搭配。
be likely to 可能做…。
这里加入了more，用了比较级，表示“更可能”。
3.单选题（）widespread belief cockroaches would not take over the world if there were no around to step on them.问题1选项A.In view ofB.Thanks toC.In case ofD.Contrary to【答案】D【解析】句意:和广为流传的说法相反的是，蟑螂如果没有人在周围踩它们的话，根本不能占领世界。
考查短语辨析。
In view of 考虑到，由于；thanks to 多亏；in case of 如果，万一；contrary to 与……相反。
因此D符合句意。
4.单选题The three climbers can employ a guide to（）them on their way up the mountain.问题1选项A.guideB.conductC.leadD.direct【答案】C【解析】句意:那三个登山者可以在爬山的路上雇一个向导带领他们上山。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
实现细节 – Fides architecture
Hypervisor，系统中拥有最高权限，提供3种目的 的服务 将legacy VM，secure VM和它本身进行粗粒度的 内存隔离，阻止某些不被允许的非安全内存访问 SPMs 根据询问通过和调用机制，合理调度两个虚拟机 的执行 建立一个新的动态可信根（DRTM），提供安全 架构正确启动的证明；基于Hypervisor的度量， 允许TPM芯片存储敏感数据，对自身的度量比 对错误将禁止敏感数据被访问
2013/4/1
8
本文方案 – SPM基本操作指令
Fides实现了4种基本操作指令：建立、销毁、查询SPM 地址、查询SPM布局设置(layout) crtSPM用于建立一个SPM，分配空闲内存空间给 Public、Secret和entry points，并生成当前唯一的标示 符spm_id给SPM， Secret部分全部清零 killSPM用于销毁SPM，且只能SPM自己调用销毁自 己的指令，可以保证敏感数据的存储，并防止在回调 非保护内存时，攻击者恶意关闭SPM lytSPM用于输入进程执行时调用SPM的虚拟地址，返 回其物理基地址、模块布局设置、spm_id tstSPM用于返回特定spm_id对应的SPM是否在特定地 址处被加载执行（最后两指令可以检测SPM是否被正 确加载）
恶意模块不 会被其他模 块信任
各模块都可 以有SPM 模块间的互相认证 成为较为关键一点
2013/4/1
11
本文方案 – SPM之间的认证
对每个SPM的身份认证标识事先形成一份安全报告 (security report)，包含四个部分： 对Public部分的hash：可以验证Public部分在启动保护 模式前没有被窜改或破坏。它为访问控制模型允许执 行该部分代码提供认证标识 SPM布局设置（layout）：包括Public和Secret部分的 大小，entry points列表。可以验证保护申请未被窜改 序列号和版本号：认证机制支持SPM更新，更新提供 更好的安全性和适用性，序列号将同一SPM的过去版 本链接在一起，版本号防止老的SPM被重用 密码学签名：该报告被其签发者签名，SPM有一个信 任CA列表可以验证其他SPM的签名
指向模块的函数调用在执行和传输敏感数据前必须被认证
从回调函数返回的entry point操作不得被窜改，当回调确 实发生时entry point才可以被执行
2013/4/1
17
实现细节 – Fides architecture
SPM调用流程
同一个SPM的 Secret部分
同一个SPM的 entry point 部分
2013/4/1
2
主要内容
背景
本文方案
实现细节
评估
总结正确性论证
2013/4/1
3
背景
因为各式各样的软件众多，保护涉及交易业务、浏 览器、邮件客户端等具有安全敏感性任务的操作系 统免受软件的破坏和非法利用是比较困难的。 事实上很多联网计算机都被恶意软件感染，通常情 况下这些软件可以访问到操作系统内核层，即内核 层恶意软件，可以破会系统数据和代码的机密性与 完整性。 目前的解决方案对系统不同组件的保护粒度不同， 对遗留系统的兼容性也不同，系统额外开销也不同， 很难协调各方面优势与劣势。 基于状态类度量检测的系统保护主要关注在向第三 方证明某一模块运行的正确性和安全性，例如TPM。
2013/4/1
12
本文方案 – 单向和双向认证
1.调用lytSPM获得 随机数SPM安全报告 并验证 2.调用对方SPM时不 允许访问它的栈和 获得它的返回地址， 同时会发送给对方 自己SPM入口地址参 数receive_random 3.重复使用时需要 再次认证，只需要 调用tstSPM简化操 作
同一个SPM的 Public部分
2013/4/1
18
评估 – 安全性
运行时系统从3层实现了基于访问控制的程序计数器 最底层，基于TPM芯片，生成动态度量可信根，基于 度量安全的Vault使用的密钥可以封装在TPM中 第二层，hypervisor，保护所有安全敏感内存空间，防 止来自缺陷遗留系统和恶意内核层的攻击 第三层，安全内核，基于访问控制模型，保护模块免 受潜在恶意SPMs的攻击 TCB较小 修改的编译器保证高级程序语言编译出符合特定安全要 求的二进制代码
受保护的模块此 部分只能被其他 代码或SPMs read或execute 只允许从本模块 内部访问Secret 部分
Secret部分存储了模块 的敏感数据：密钥、调 用的栈（正确运行所需 的数据）
2013/4/1
7
本文方案 – SPM
SPM的Public部分拥有一个内存地址列表，即标记 了每时每刻有效的entry points，外部代码或其他 SPM通过他们访问此SPM，可以防止攻击者通过选择 性代码运行来提取有用信息， entry point后方是 程序计数器用于评估访问权限。
Fides: Selectively Hardening Software Application Components against Kernel-level or Process-level Malware
Yb 可信计算 2013.4.1
.
论文说明
来源
ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security, CCS'12
编译器提供了一种简单的将标注C代码编译成受 保护的二进制模块的方法。
2013/4/1
5
本文方案 - 攻击者模型与安全需求
攻击者模型 攻击者可以在遗留系统中的用户层(user-level)和内核 层(kernel-level)执行任意代码 攻击者可以建立和应用自己的受保护模块 密码学能力符合典型的Dolev-Yao模型 攻击者不具有物理接触硬件的能力 安全需求 运行时系统
2013/4/1
19
评估 – 性能
性能评估，运行lmbench benchmarks 所有操作的性能开销低于10%，平均是3.22% 当没有运行SPM时性能开销来于对虚拟化的支持，当 支持技术更加成熟，开销会进一步降低 Fides可以不被加载，此时开销完全可以为0
2013/4/1
20
总结
Fides通过运行时系统和特殊的编译方法，实 现了选择性隐藏模块的功能，以更加明确的粒 度来分割和保护本地系统的安全，防范来自内 核层的潜在攻击
相关工作中，进一步研究和实现运用TPM完 成该套系统的远程认证功能
2013/4/1
21
2013/4/1
22
作者
Raoul Strackx KU Leuven（比利时天主教鲁汶大学）博士生，安全领 域，最近研究防范针对x86的底层攻击 Frank Piessens Professor，研究涉及很多安全领域技术 实验室：IBBT-DistriNet development of open, distributed object support platforms for advanced applications
Hypervisor上运行 两个VM，他们都可 以拥有共同的客户 物理地址浏览，但 访问权限不同
2013/4/1
改原型系统可以只 在有需要用SPM时 再加载，防止系统 在不用SPM时的额 外开销
14
Fides加载时，由遗 留系统调用驱动后分 配Hypervisor和虚拟 空间，之后遗留系统 进入Legacy VM
2013/4/1
4
背景 – 本文贡献
本文关注点：提高对本机系统应用程序的安全保 证，提出一种选择性隐藏应用程序中关键安全模 块的方法，解决模块间的安全执行与通信问题。 设计和实现的系统包括两部分：运行时安全架构 （run-time security architecture）Fides,一 个编译器。 安全架构实现了一个基于访问控制模型的程序计 数器，对软件模块进行适当粒度的保护。
2013/4/1
15
实现细节 – Fides architecture
Security kernel 接收调用SPM的请求后，经过验证，将虚拟地址 转化为物理地址 为保证模块正确加载，当模块被加载时将记录其 物理页的顺序，并保证模块被调用和认证（安全 报告）时的顺序一致，禁止两个及以上模块同时 执行 在SPMs间除了支持用寄存器传递数据，还支持用 特殊共享的内存段来传递整块数据，内存段只能 被当前运行的SPM访问，SPM返回到非保护代码 之前将重写（清零）该区域。阻止遗留VM访问该 区域的访问控制技术采用EPT（曾用于分割VMs）
2013/4/1
13
实现细节 – Fides architecture
访问控制规则只 在进入和退出 SPMs时发生改变
为了防止TOCTOU攻击，系统 禁止SPM在认证和调用之间 被中断，但运行效率降低了 实质：同 一Process 内部分割 与Fides启动前相 比，遗留系统对 某些物理地址的 访问受到了限制
模块数据机密性与完整性，模块的认证，模块间安全通 信，小的TCB
模块的安全编译
执行的完整性，模块间的安全通信，敏感数据的安全
2013/4/1
6
本文方案 – SPM
总架构Fides中，受保护的模块称为SPM(selfprotecting module)，其内存空间的访问受到限制
Public部分存储了非机 密的信息，但是需要保 护完整性，包括模块代 码、常量，一旦模块被 保护，数据不能被修改
2013/4/1
9
本文方案 – SPM生命周期
分配的是 unprotected memory
通过认证后， SPM从Vault 通过安全信 道加载秘密 状态和数据
2013/4/1
10
本文方案 – SPM本地安全通信