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SCI写作高频词-词组系列”讨论(Discussion)部分总结

SCI写作高频词-词组系列”讨论（Discussion）部分总结讨论部分是SCI论文写作难度最大，也是最能体现文章深度和创新性的部分。

一般分四大部分进行描述：第一部分，精要概括文章的研究背景以及本课题的主要研究目的、实验手段以及发现的结果。

第二部分，深入讨论结果部分中的重要研究发现。

通过比对引用前人的研究结果，讨论自己的研究结果。

讨论的角度可以从课题设计、分析方法、实验技术改进等方面进行切入。

如果课题中的研究结果是验证前人的研究发现，就不需要深入讨论, 要把讨论重点放在和前人研究结果不一样，或者前人没有发现过的独特的有创新性的结果。

第三部分，指明自己研究的不足之处。

可以从课题设计、实验手段、分析方法、是否需要进一步实验验证入手。

因为任何课题都不会是完美的，能把自己的不足主动列出来并说明对本课题“有限”的影响，会让审稿人觉得作者对自己课题是很了解的，有的时候也就不会让作者再补充相关实验。

第四部分，再次总结文章的实验发现和研究意义、贡献以及下一步的研究方向。

有的期刊要求把这部分独立出来称为“Conclusion”。

讨论部分的时态一般为过去时，在介绍前人研究时，则一般采用过去时或现在完成时。

第一部分总结概括研究背景和实验结果1. “本研究”的多样化表达：in this study, these data, these observations, our work, these results2. “目前研究的不足”如何阐述：bridge the gap between, this experimental bottleneck, remainsa significant challenge, have largely been ignored as, remain a daunting challenge, has been constrained by,3. “之前的研究”表述方法：previous results have shown that, it was previously found that,4. 时间的描述方法，“最近”怎么表达：until recently, to date, more recently, recently,5. “次序”的表达方法：followed by, then, lastly, furthermore, in addition, moreover, additionally,6. “因此”的表达方法：therefore, thus, hence, it is therefore important to,7. “转折”的描述方法：however, whereby, whereas, while, nevertheless, regardless of, in contrast, even if, conversely,8. “执行”的描述动词：analyze, screen, measure, govern, design, present a strategy, generated,9. 研究的“改善”的表达方法：has greatly improved the ability to10. 研究进展的表述方法：the advent of, recent advances,11. 结果表明的论述方法：show, suggest, demonstrate, imply, illustrate,第二部分深入讨论结果部分的重要发现1. 数量的表述方法：a diverse set of, a larger diversity of, large-scale, a large number of, a series of,2. 用于比较的描述方法：compared to prior methods, likewise, are similar to, Compared with,3. “合适”的合适表达：be well-suited for, match, adaptable for,4. “模拟”的表述方法：closely mirrored,5. “使得”我们做什么实验，“使得”的描述：allow us to, enable us to,6. “相互作用”的花样表达：interplay, map interaction, interact with,7. “关系”的描述词：relationship, association, link,8. “进一步”解释的暗示词：indeed, importantly, further, more generally,9. “来源”的描述方法：obtained from, result from,10. “借助”的用词方式：by, applied, used this method, via,11. “鉴于”的表达方式：supporting this notion, given that, considering that,12. “与......一致”的表述方法：in line with this, consistent with,第三部分指明本课题研究过程中的不足1. 结果“引发”的描述方法：lead to, contribute to, driven by, induced, in response to,2. 如何“引起读者注意”的词：remarkably, accordingly, notably, it is important to note that, interestingly,3. “自我反省”时的悔过方面：data quality, cost, scale, data-driven approach,4. “优点”的描述方法：offers unique advantages and disadvantages, the major advantage of,5. “缺点”的描述方法：a disadvantage of XX is that, these limitations, another limitation is that ,6. 用于推断的情态动词：may be, could be, should be, it is possible that, perhaps the reason that. ... is due to,7. 发挥作用的表述方式：serve this function, play an important/a crucial role in,第四部分再次回顾总结展望未来的研究1. 研究很“重要”，“重要”如何凸显：be crucial to, importantly, specifically,2. “揭示、表明”的论述方法：uncover, suggest, show, demonstrate, imply, indicate, it was found that, illustrate,3. 研究展望的描述方法：provide new insights into, ultimately reveal new molecular mechanisms, as an understudied and important potential next frontier, shed light on the molecular basis of , future investigations using strategies reported XXX will likely illuminate novel function of, the data as a continuing source for future discoveries, XXX will be an important question for future investigation, our next challenge is to, can be another strategy for XXX, lays the groundwork for future therapeutic strategies4. “整合”的描述方法：integrated into, integration of,5. “预见/认为”的下结论方法：foresee, speculate, these predictions are supported by6. 总结概括的描述方法：ultimately, altogether, taken together, in summary, together, in conclusion7. “侧重于, 强调”的表述方法：focus on, concentrate on, highlight,8. 研究价值的表述方法：particularly useful,。

社会科学研究方法与论文写作智慧树知到期末考试章节课后题库2024年北京第二外国语学院

社会科学研究方法与论文写作智慧树知到期末考试答案章节题库2024年北京第二外国语学院1.What are key components of research design? （）答案:Timeframe.###Sampling Strategy.###Data Collection Methods.2.The following aspects of informed consent that are essential in researchethics include （）.答案:Researchers explaining potential risks andbenefits.###Participants being allowed to withdraw from the study.3.When should all authors be included in the in-text citation, according to theAPA style? （）答案:When there are two authors.###When there are three to fiveauthors.4.What are some essential tips for writing an effective abstract? （）答案:Use keywords###Emphasize points differently from thepaper.###Use passive verbs5.Which statements are suggested solutions for improving the Methodologysection? （）答案:Eliminate the use of first-person pronouns.###Provide a clearrationale for the chosen methods.6.What's the difference between methodology and method? （）答案:Methodology encompasses the broader theoretical framework and guiding philosophy of the research process.###Methods encompass the specific techniques and procedures employed for data collection andanalysis.###Methodology is presented as a distinct section in aresearch thesis, explaining the overall approach and rationale.7.What are the downsides of mere listing in a literature review? （）答案:It does not present themes or identify trends.###It often indicatesa lack of critical synthesis.8.The common problems to be aware of in thesis writing include（）.答案:Excessive reliance on qualitative data###Lack of theoreticalsupport###Failure to integrate theory and practice.###Misuse of tense ponents that are typically embedded in the structure of an academicpaper, especially the journal article, include （）答案:Introduction###Results and Discussion10.Which of the following examples are misconducts? （）答案:Facilitating academic dishonesty.###Unauthorizedcollaboration###Misuse of Patients11.What are the three main elements of a definition, as mentioned in the lecture?（）答案:Term, Category, and Features.12.In the Methods section, why is it important to detail the tools or materials fordata collection? （）答案:To explain how instruments to be used to answer researchquestions.13.Which is the method suggested to avoid plagiarism when summarizinginformation from sources? （）答案:Summarize immediately after reading without referring back tothe source.14.The purpose of control variables in research is （）.答案:To keep certain factors constant and prevent them frominfluencing the dependent variable.15.What is the purpose of using sampling techniques in research? （）答案:To draw conclusions about the population based on data collected from the sample.16.According to Wallwork’s tips for the final check, what is one way to ensureyour paper is as good as possible before submission? （）答案:Anticipate referees’ comments.17.What does external validity assess? （）答案:The extent to which research findings can be applied orgeneralized to other situations and populations.18.Which of the following expressions are correctly used in the Methods Section?（）答案:"We conducted the experiment in a controlled environment."19.Which of the following is NOT a recommended guideline for using tables in aresearch paper? （）答案:Using as many tables as possible to provide comprehensiveinformation.20.What does a structured abstract typically include to make it more readable?（）答案:Eye-catching font for the title21.What is the main function of the preparation stage in writing a literaturereview? （）答案:To locate relevant literature and prepare for writing.22.The primary focus of academic integrity is （）.答案:Fostering honesty and responsible behavior.23.The act of using someone else’s ideas and writings as your own can beconsidered as （）.答案:Plagiarism24.Which step is NOT part of the suggested three-step approach for revisingyour paper? （）答案:Rewrite the entire paper.25.Which is not the reason for an overly broad title being problematic? （）答案:It encourages depth in the study.26. A good thesis or dissertation should tell the reader not just “what I havedone,” but “why what I have done matters.” （）答案:对27.Coherence in academic writing refers to the clarity of the thesis statementand the organization of the paper. （）答案:对28.The research methods section helps readers and reviewers gauge thetransparency, validity, and reliability of the research. （）答案:对29.Research papers are published to share new, original results and ideas withthe academic community. （）答案:对30.Relying solely on secondary sources ensures the originality of researchfindings. （）答案:错31.In introduction writing, it is recommended to delve into an exhaustive reviewof the entire field to provide comprehensive context. （）答案:错32.The Background Method in introduction writing kicks off by presenting aproblem and then addressing the solution. （）答案:错33.Multiculturalism seeks to enhance the self-esteem and identities ofmarginalized groups. （）答案:对34. A Doctoral-level literature review is typically less comprehensive than aMaster's-level literature review. （）答案:错35."Hoaxing" involves deliberately publishing false information with theintention of deceiving others. （）答案:对36.Reflecting on the research process at the end is essential for evaluating itsstrengths and limitations. （）答案:对37. A well-crafted title should engage a wide audience effectively. （）答案:对38.In order to avoid plagiarism, it is suggested to avoid citing references. （）答案:错39.Predicting difficulties and providing countermeasures in a research proposalis essential to show the depth of thinking and enlist expected guidance. （）答案:对40.Conducting a literature review is not necessary when selecting a researchtitle. （）答案:错41.What can authors do to ensure a timely publication in a journal that reviewspapers for job hunting purposes?（）答案:Submit the manuscript without checking for errors###Seekinformation from editors about review times###Be efficient in making revisions42.When preparing a manuscript for publication, it is crucial to focus on ethicalstandards.（）答案:对43.Why do researchers want to publish their papers?（）答案:To share new results and ideas44.How can you identify an appropriate journal for publication? （）答案:Look for journals that publish work similar to your research.45.The editor-in-chief makes the final decision on whether a submitted paper isaccepted or rejected in the review process.（）答案:对ing cut and paste extensively is recommended during the final check tosave time.（）答案:错47.Exchanging texts with another student for proofreading is encouraged to findcareless errors in your own work.（）答案:对48.What is the key idea that should be remembered by the audience from yourtalk？（）答案:The key idea of your research49.Why is it important to avoid errors that may distort meaning in your writtenwork? （）答案:To enhance the quality of your writing###To ensure clarity ofcommunication50.What is the main purpose of doing a presentation?（）答案:To engage, excite, and provoke the audience51.Making academic writing more tentative involves avoiding over-generalizations and using linguistic hedges and tentative phrases.（）答案:对52.What is the purpose of the checklist questions provided for paper revision?（）答案:To help improve the writing53.Which of the following are strategies for achieving cohesion in academicwriting? （）答案:Organizing the paper logically###Using transitional words andphrases###Employing reference words54.Redundancy and colloquialisms are considered desirable features ofconciseness in academic writing. （）答案:错55.What should you do when revising your paper writing to improve clarity andspecificity? （）答案:Be self-contained56.What are the characteristics of informative abstracts? （）答案:They may replace the need for reading the full paper###Theycommunicate specific information about the paper###They provide aconcise summary of the paper’s content57.Structured abstracts may have clear subheadings to mark different sections.（）答案:对58.What is the recommended maximum word limit for a conference abstract?（）答案:250 words59.Which tense is often used when writing an abstract? （）答案:Present tense60.The primary purpose of an informative abstract is to indicate the subjectsdealt with in a paper. （）答案:错61.What are some reasons for using citations in academic writing? （）答案:To show you are a member of a particular disciplinarycommunity###To acknowledge the intellectual property rights ofauthors###To avoid plagiarism62.Self-plagiarism is not considered an ethical concern in academic writing.（）答案:错63.What is the primary purpose of citation in academic writing? （）答案:To acknowledge the intellectual property rights of authors64.What is self-plagiarism? （）答案:Presenting one's own previously published work as new65.All sources cited in the text must be documented in the References section.（）答案:对66.Which type of conclusion is more common in research papers and theses andfocuses on summarizing research outcomes and aligning them with the initial thesis? （）答案:Thesis-oriented Conclusion67.What are the four sections typically found in the Conclusion section of aresearch paper, according to the material? （）答案:Summary of findings, implications, limitations, further studies68.What is one of the purposes of the conclusions chapter? （）答案:To forestall criticisms by identifying limitations of the research69.Which of the following are types of conclusions discussed in the material? （）答案:Summary type###Field-oriented conclusion###Evaluation type of conclusion###Recommendation type of conclusion70.The conclusion section in academic papers typically follows a uniformstructure across all disciplines.（）答案:错71.What is one of the purposes of making comparisons with previous studies inacademic writing? （）答案:To justify the methods or procedures followed72.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a common type of graphicalfigure in the material? （）答案:Map illustrations73.What can we do in demonstrating our research results in paper? （）答案:Use figures and tables to summarize data###Show the results ofstatistical analysis74.In which field are Qualitative Research methods often used?（）答案:Liberal Arts and Social Sciences75.What factors should be considered when choosing research methods for athesis? （）答案:Traditional approaches.###Research questions andobjectives.###Nature of the subject matter.76.What does "Research Design" refer to in the research process?（）答案:The overall plan guiding the research study.77.All the following moves are included in the method section except （）.答案:Describing the commonly used methods in certain field.78.The research methods section in a thesis is often presented as a distinctsection, separate from the literature review.（）答案:对79.What are the two core abilities essential for writing an effective literaturereview? （）答案:Information seeking and critical appraisal.80.Where can a literature review be placed in a research paper or thesis? （）答案:In different places depending on research goals and fieldconventions.81.Which type of literature review focuses on organizing literature aroundspecific research questions?（）答案:Question-oriented review.82.The purpose of creating a visual representation, such as a literature map, isto replace the need for drafting concise summaries.（）答案:错83.What are the recommended tenses to use when discussing the content of thesources in a literature review? （）答案:Simple Past.###Present Perfect.###Simple Present.84.What is the role of the Problem Statement in the Introduction? （）答案:Justify the importance of the research.85.Which is NOT one of the three methods could be used to write anintroduction? （）答案:Reference Method86.The location and structure of the introduction are standardized across alltypes of research theses. （）答案:错87.In Metadiscourse research, what is the recommended way for a researcher torefer to themselves in the introduction?（）答案:Refer to themselves as "this thesis" or a specific section.88.What are the key elements included in Move 2 of the "Create a ResearchSpace" (CARS) framework?（）答案:Identifying gaps in prior research.###Indicating a gap.89.What role do Research Grant Proposals play?（）答案:Both securing financial support and convincing funding agencies.90.What questions does a research proposal eloquently answer? （）答案:How are you going to do it?###What do you plan toaccomplish?###Why do you want to do it?91.The "Aims/Purposes" section in a research proposal outlines the centralissues to be tackled in the study. （）答案:对92.To whom is a research proposal usually submitted for approval and support?（）答案:Funding agencies, academic institutions, or research supervisors.93.What is the purpose of predicting difficulties and providing countermeasuresin the research proposal?（）答案:To show the depth of thinking and enlist expected guidance.94.The recency of sources is crucial in research, and older sources are alwayspreferred for their depth.（）答案:错95.Which database is specifically mentioned for searching Master's and DoctoralDissertations? （）答案:CNKI96.When conducting a critique of a study, what should be considered about themethods used?（）答案:The validity for studying the problem.97.What is the primary characteristic of primary sources in research materialcollection? （）答案:They offer synthesized information from various perspectives. 98.What are common approaches to collecting primary source materialsmentioned in the lecture? （）答案:Surveys and questionnaires###Controlled experiments###One-on-one interviews99.What are potential mistakes in the title selection process? （）答案:Having unclear titles that do not convey the subjectmatter.###Using contemporary language to make the title appearoutdated.100.How does the researcher balance the focus of a research title?（）答案:By clearly defining the scope of the study.101.What is the purpose of conducting a comprehensive literature review in the title selection process? （）答案:To identify gaps, controversies, or areas requiring furtherexploration.102.An overly narrow title might limit the potential impact and relevance of the research. （）答案:对103.What is the significance of a well-chosen title? （）答案:It significantly enhances the academic value of the work.104.What are key characteristics of deconstruction in literary theory? （）答案:Highlighting textual undecidability and paradoxes.###Challenging traditional assumptions about language and meaning.###Questioning binary oppositions.105.What distinguishes quantitative data from qualitative data in research? （）答案:Quantitative data are numerical, while qualitative data can bedescribed in words.106.What is the primary goal of case studies in applied linguistics? （）答案:To enhance understanding of a phenomenon, process, person, or group.107.Case studies use a single data source, such as interviews, to explore particular phenomena. （）答案:错108.What are the three types of cultural studies? （）答案:New historicism, postcolonialism, American multiculturalism. 109.The dependent variable in a study investigating the effects of different study methods on exam performance is （）.答案:Exam performance110.What role does a moderating variable play in a research study? （）.答案:It influences the strength or direction of the relationship between independent and dependent variables.111.External validity assesses the extent to which research findings can be applied to populations, settings, or conditions beyond the specific study. （）答案:对112.How does deduction differ from induction in research? （）答案:Deduction is the process of reasoning from general principles tospecific predictions.113.The purposes of research include （）答案:Solving real-world problems###Testing existingtheories###Meeting graduation requirements###Advancingknowledge114.The potential academic consequences for students who engage in academic dishonesty include （）.答案:Monetary fines、Academic suspension and Expulsion from theInstitute115.The three key principles that experimental researchers need to carefully consider and implement before, during and after recruiting researchparticipants are （）.答案:Anonymity###Informed consent###Confidentiality116.It is unethical to conduct research which is badly planned or poorly executed.（）答案:对117.The primary focus of academic integrity in the context of research ethics is （）.答案:Fostering responsibility and trustworthiness in academic work 118.The pillars of academic integrity include all the aspects except （）答案:Excellence119.The primary purpose of literature reviews in research articles is （）.答案:To evaluate previously published material120.Methodological articles typically present highly technical materials, derivations, proofs, and details of simulations within the main body of thearticle. （）答案:对121.In a research article, many different sections can be found in empirical studies, including （）.答案:Method###Literature review###Introduction###Discussion 122.According to the lecture, which step in the procedures of thesis writing involves drafting a title and abstract? （）答案:Step 1: Choice of Topic123.The primary use of case studies is （）.答案:To illustrate a problem or shed light on research needs。

英语作文我马雷什比知识

英语作文我马雷什比知识In the vast expanse of human knowledge, there lies arealm that is as fascinating as it is enigmatic: the world of Maresh. This term, though not widely recognized, encapsulates a concept that has intrigued scholars, philosophers, and adventurers alike for centuries. The purpose of this essay is to delve into the intricacies of Maresh, exploring its origins, its significance, and the impact it has had on our understanding of the world.The Origins of MareshThe etymology of the term "Maresh" is shrouded in mystery. Some linguists suggest it is derived from an ancient language, possibly pre-Sumerian, indicating a place of profound wisdomor a hidden knowledge. Others argue that it is a modern concoction, a neologism created to describe a contemporary phenomenon. Regardless of its origin, the concept of Maresh has captured the imagination of those who seek to understand the depths of human potential and the universe's secrets.The Essence of MareshAt its core, Maresh represents the pursuit of knowledge that transcends the ordinary. It is the quest for understanding the unexplained, the mastery of the arcane, and the exploration of the esoteric. Maresh is not merely about accumulating facts; it is about the synthesis of knowledgeinto a profound wisdom that can guide humanity towards a greater destiny.The Significance of Maresh in HistoryThroughout history, figures who have been attributed with a deep understanding of Maresh have often been regarded as visionaries. From the alchemists of the Middle Ages, who sought to transmute base metals into gold and in the process uncovered the principles of modern chemistry, to the astronomers of the Renaissance, who charted the stars and expanded our understanding of the cosmos, these individuals have pushed the boundaries of what was known and possible.The Impact of Maresh on Modern SocietyIn contemporary society, the influence of Maresh can be seen in various fields. In technology, the relentless pursuit of innovation is driven by a Maresh-like desire to unlock new potentials and solve complex problems. In environmental science, the study of ecosystems and the search for sustainable practices are fueled by a similar quest for knowledge that can lead to a harmonious coexistence with our planet.The Role of Maresh in Personal DevelopmentOn an individual level, the concept of Maresh encourages a lifelong commitment to learning and self-improvement. It is the drive to never be satisfied with the status quo, to always question, to explore, and to grow. Embracing Maresh inone's personal journey can lead to a richer, more fulfilling life experience.The Challenges of MareshThe path of Maresh is not without its challenges. The pursuit of such profound knowledge often requires a level of dedication and sacrifice that many are not prepared to make. Moreover, the nature of Maresh itself can lead to isolation, as those who delve too deeply into its mysteries may find it difficult to communicate their insights to others.The Future of MareshAs we look to the future, the role of Maresh in shaping human knowledge and understanding will likely continue to evolve. With the advent of new technologies and the increasing interconnectedness of the global community, the potential for discovering and sharing knowledge on a scale previously unimaginable is within our grasp.ConclusionThe world of Maresh is a testament to the indomitable human spirit and its unceasing quest for knowledge. It is a reminder that the pursuit of wisdom is not just a journeyinto the unknown, but a voyage into the very essence of what it means to be human. As we continue to explore the depths of Maresh, we contribute to the collective understanding that has the power to transform not only ourselves but also the world around us.In conclusion, Maresh is more than a mere concept; it is a call to action, an invitation to embark on a journey of discovery that has the potential to unlock the greatest mysteries of our existence. It is a challenge to the curious, a beacon to the seekers, and a promise of a future where the limits of knowledge are continually expanded.。

哲学类考博英文作文

哲学类考博英文作文英文：Philosophy is a fascinating field that delves deep into fundamental questions about existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language. Throughout history, philosophers have grappled with these questions, offering diverse perspectives and insights that continue to shape our understanding of the world.One of the most intriguing philosophical questions is the nature of reality. What is real? How can we be certain of what we perceive? These questions have puzzled thinkers for centuries. For example, the allegory of Plato's cave illustrates the idea that our perception of reality may be limited or distorted by our senses. In the allegory, prisoners are chained in a cave and can only see shadows cast on the wall by objects outside the cave. They mistake these shadows for reality until one of them is freed and sees the true world outside. This allegory raises profoundquestions about the nature of perception and knowledge.Another compelling philosophical question concerns the nature of morality. What is the basis of right and wrong? Are moral values objective or subjective? Different philosophical traditions offer varying answers to these questions. For instance, Immanuel Kant proposed the categorical imperative as a universal moral principle based on reason, while utilitarianism, advocated by philosophers like John Stuart Mill, focuses on maximizing utility or happiness as the foundation of morality.In addition to these fundamental questions, philosophy also explores the nature of consciousness and the mind-body problem. How do physical processes in the brain give rise to subjective experiences? This question lies at the heart of the debate between dualism and physicalism. Dualists argue that consciousness is non-physical and distinct from the brain, while physicalists contend that consciousness emerges from complex neural activity.中文：哲学是一个迷人的领域，它深入探讨了关于存在、知识、价值观、理性、心灵和语言的基本问题。

关于黑神话悟空话题的英语阅读理解

关于黑神话悟空话题的英语阅读理解一、阅读理解原文。

Black Myth: Wukong is an upcoming action role - playing game that has captured the attention of gamers around the world. Developed by Game Science, it is set in a world inspired by Chinese mythology, with the main character being the well - known Monkey King, Sun Wukong.The game's trailers have shown stunning visuals, with detailed character models and beautiful landscapes. The combat system seems to be fast - paced and fluid, allowing players to perform a variety of acrobatic moves and powerful attacks as they battle against different enemies. One of the most impressive aspects is the way the developers have recreated the Monkey King's abilities. For example, his transformation skills are vividly presented, enabling him to change into different forms such as a bird or a fish to overcome obstacles or surprise opponents.The game also appears to have a rich story. It delves deep into thelore of Chinese mythology, not just focusing on the Monkey King's adventures but also exploring the relationships between different gods, demons, and mortals. This gives the game a sense of depth and authenticity that many players are looking forward to.However, developing such a game is not without challenges. The developers need to balance between staying true to the source material and making the game appealing to a global audience. They also have to deal with technical issues such as optimizing the game for different platforms to ensure smooth gameplay.Despite these challenges, the anticipation for Black Myth: Wukong continues to grow. It represents a new wave of games that draw inspirationfrom non - Western cultures, and it has the potential to introduce Chinese mythology to a whole new generation of gamers around the world.二、阅读理解题目。

2024年教师资格(中学)-英语学科知识与教学能力(初中)考试历年真题摘选附带答案

2024年教师资格（中学）-英语学科知识与教学能力（初中）考试历年真题摘选附带答案第1卷一.全考点押密题库(共100题)1.(单项选择题)(每题2.00 分) Language is a tool of communication. The symbol “Highway Closed” on a highway serves→ ←.A. an expressive functionB. an informative functionC. a performative functionD. a persuasive function2.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) I’ve loved my mother's desk since I was just tall enough to see above the top of it as mother sat writing letters. Standing by her chair, looking at the ink bottle, pens, and white paper, I decided that the act of writing must be the most wonderful thing in the world.Years later, during her final illness, mother kept different things for my sister and brother.“But the desk.” she’d said again, “It's for Elizabeth.”I never saw her angry, never saw her cry. I knew she loved me; she showed it in action. But as a young girl, I wanted heart-to-heart talks between mother and daughter.They never happened. And a gulf opened between us. I was “too emotional”. But she lived on the surface”.As years passed I had my own family. I loved my mother and thanked her for our happy family.I wrote to her in careful words and asked her to let me know in any way she chose that she did forgive me.I posted the letter and waited for her answer.None came.My hope turned to disappointment, then little interest and, finally, peace—it seemed that nothing happene I couldn’t be sure that the letter had even got to mother.I only knew that I had written it, and I could stop trying to make her into someone she was not.Now the present of her desk told, as she'd never been able to, that she was pleased thatwriting was my chosen work. I cleaned the desk carefully and found some papers inside—a photo of my father and a one—page letter, folded and refolded many times.Give me an answer, my letter asks, in any way you choose. Mother, you always choose the actthat speaks louder than words. The underlined word “gulf” in the passage means→ ←.A. deep understanding between the old and the youngB. different ideas between the mother and the daughterC. free talks between mother and daughterD. part of the sea going far in land3.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) 40 years ago the idea of disabled people doing sport was never heard of. But when the annual games for the disabled were started at Stoke-Mandeville, Englandin 1948 by Sir Ludwig Guttmann, the situation began to change.Sir Ludwig Guttmann, who had been driven to England in 1939 from Nazi Germany, had been askedby the British government to set up an injuries center at Stoke Mandeville Hospital near London. His ideas about treating injuries included sport for the disabled.In the first games just two teams of injured soldiers took part. The next year, 1949, five teams took part. From those beginnings, things have developed fast Teams now come from abroadto Stoke Mandeville every year. In 1960 the first Olympics for the Disabled were held in Rome, in the same place as the normal Olympic Games. Now, every four years the Olympic Gamesfor the Disabled are held, if possible, in the same place as the normal Olympic Games, althoughthey are organized separately. In other years Games for the Disabled are still held at Stoke Mandeville. In the 1984 wheelchair Olympic Games, 1064 wheelchair athletes from about 40 countries took part. Unfortunately, they were held at Stoke Mandeville and not in Los Angeles, along with the other Olympics.The Games have been a great success in promoting international friendship and understanding,and in proving that being disabled does not mean you can’t enjoy sport. One small sourceof disappointment for those who organize and take part in the games, however, has been the unwillingness of the International Olympic Committee to include disabled events at Olympic Games for the able-bodied. Perhaps a few more years are still needed to convince those fortunate enough not to be disabled that their disabled fellow athletes should not be excluded. The first games for the disabled were held→ ←after Sir Ludwig Guttmann arrived in England.A. 40 yearsB. 21 yearsC. 10 yearsD. 9 years4.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) I’ve loved my mother's desk since I was just tall enough tosee above the top of it as mother sat writing letters. Standing by her chair, looking atthe ink bottle, pens, and white paper, I decided that the act of writing must be the most wonderful thing in the world.Years later, during her final illness, mother kept different things for my sister and brother.“But the desk.” she’d said again, “It's for Elizabeth.”I never saw her angry, never saw her cry. I knew she loved me; she showed it in action. Butas a young girl, I wanted heart-to-heart talks between mother and daughter.They never happened. And a gulf opened between us. I was “too emotional”. But she livedon the surface”.As years passed I had my own family. I loved my mother and thanked her for our happy family.Iwrote to her in careful words and asked her to let me know in any way she chose that she did forgive me.I posted the letter and waited for her answer.None came.My hope turned to disappointment, then little interest and, finally, peace—it seemed that nothing happene I couldn’t be sure that the letter had even got to mother.I only knew thatI had written it, and I could stop trying to make her into someone she was not.Now the present of her desk told, as she'd never been able to, that she was pleased that writing was my chosen work. I cleaned the desk carefully and found some papers inside—a photo of my father and a one—page letter, folded and refolded many times.Give me an answer, my letter asks, in any way you choose. Mother, you always choose the act that speaks louder than words. The passage shows that→ ←.A. mother was cold on the surface but kind in her heart to her daughterB. mother was too serious about everything her daughter had doneC. mother eared much about her daughter in wordsD. mother wrote to her daughter in careful words5.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) In which of the following situations is the teacher playing the role of observer?→ ←A. Giving feedback and dealing with errors.B. Organizing students to do activities by giving instructions.C. Walking around to see how each student performs in group work.D. Offering help to those who need it both in ideas and language.6.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) One evening, while Marcos Ugarte was doing his homework and his father, Eduardo, prepared lesson plans, they heard someone yelling outside. Eduardo, 47, and Marcos, 15, stepped onto the porch of their home in Troutdale, Oregon, and saw a commotion four doors d own, outside the home of their neighbors, the Ma family. “I didn’t think anything was wrong.” Eduardo recalls. “I told Marcos we should give them some privacy.” He headed back inside, but Marcos’s eye was caught by a glow from the Ma house."Dad, the house is on fire!” Marcos cried.Clad only in shorts, the barefoot teen sprinted toward the Ma’s home with his dad. Grandmother Yim Ma, mother Suzanne Ma, and son Nathan Ma were gathered on the front lawn yelling for help. When the Ugartes got there，they saw father Alex Ma stumbling down the stairs, coughing, his face black with soot."Is anyone else in the house?” Eduardo asked."My son!” Alex managed to say, pointing to the second floor Eduardo started up the stairs, but thick, black smoke, swirling ash, and intense heat forced him to his knees. He crawled upstairs and down the hall where Alex said he would find Cody, eight, who had locked himselfin a bedroom.As the fire raged across the hall, Eduardo banged on the bedroom door and tried to turn the doorknob. Cody didn’t respond Eduardo made his way back downstairs.Meanwhile, Marcos saw Yim and Suzanne pulling an aluminum ladder out of the garage. “Cody was standing at the window, screaming for help,"says Marcos, "I knew I had to do something.” He grabbed the ladder, positioned it near the window, and climbed toward the boy.When Marcos reached the window, he pushed the screen into the room and coaxed Cody out. “It’s OK.” Marcos told him. “I‘ve got you.”Holding Cody with one arm. Marcos descended the ladder.When firefighters arrived, plumes of black smoke were billowing from the back of the house as flames engulfed the second floor. Emergency personnel took Cody to a nearby hospital,where he was treated for smoke inhalation and released. No one else was injured. The causeof the blaze is still under investigation."You just don’t see a teenager have that kind of→ composure←," says Mark Maunder, GreshamFire Department battalion chief.The Ma family relocated. The day after the fire, Alex visited Marcos. “Than k you for savingmy son.” Alex said. “You are his hero forever.”What does the underlined word “composure” in the last but one PARAGRAPH mean?→ ←.A. sympathyB. braveryC. calmnessD. warm-heartedness7.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Resources can be said to be scarce in both an absolute and relative sense: the surface of the Earth is finite, imposing absolute scarcity; but the scarcity that concerns economists is the relative scarcity of resources in different uses. Materials used for one purpose cannot at the same time be used for other purposes, if the quantity of an input is limited, the increased use of it in one manufacturing process must cause it to become less available for other uses.The cost of a product in terms of money may not measure its true cost to society. The truecost of, say, the construction of a supersonic jet is the value of the schools and refrigerators that will never be built as a result. Every act of production uses up someof society's available resources; it means the foregoing of an opportunity to produce something else. In deciding how to use resources most effectively to satisfy the wants ofthe community, this opportunity cost must ultimately be taken into account.In a market economy the price of a good and the quantity supplied depend on the cost of makingit, and that cost, ultimately, is the cost of not making other goods. The market mechanism enforces this relationship. The cost of, say, a pair of shoes is the price of the leather,the labor, the fuel, and other elements used up in producing them. But the price of thesein- puts, in turn, depends on what they can produce elsewhere-if the leather can be usedto produce handbags that are valued highly by consumers, the prices of leather will be bidup correspondingly. W hat does this passage mainly discuss?→ ←A. The scarcity of manufactured goods.B. The value of scarce materials.C. The manufacturing of scarce goods.D. The cost of producing shoes.8.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Writing exercises like copying, fill-in, completions and transformation are mainly the type of exercises used in→ ←.A. controlled writingB. guided writingC. flee writingD. expressive writing9.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following consonants doesn't fall under the same category according to the voicing?________A. [m]B. [b]C. [d]D. [p]10.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following is most suitable for the cultivation of linguistic competence?→ ←A. sentence-makingB. cue-card dialogueC. simulated dialogueD. learning syntax11.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following sets of phonetic features characterizes the English phoneme [u:]?→ ←A. [high, back, rounded]B. [high, back, unfounded]C. [low, back, rounded]D. [low, front unfounded]12.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) 40 years ago the idea of disabled people doing sport was never heard of. But when the annual games for the disabled were started at Stoke-Mandeville, England in 1948 by Sir Ludwig Guttmann, the situation began to change.Sir Ludwig Guttmann, who had been driven to England in 1939 from Nazi Germany, had been asked by the British government to set up an injuries center at Stoke Mandeville Hospital near London. His ideas about treating injuries included sport for the disabled.In the first games just two teams of injured soldiers took part. The next year, 1949, five teams took part. From those beginnings, things have developed fast Teams now come from abroad to Stoke Mandeville every year. In 1960 the first Olympics for the Disabled were held in Rome, in the same place as the normal Olympic Games. Now, every four years the Olympic Games for the Disabled are held, if possible, in the same place as the normal Olympic Games, although they are organized separately. In other years Games for the Disabled are still held at Stoke Mandeville. In the 1984 wheelchair Olympic Games, 1064 wheelchair athletes from about 40 countries took part. Unfortunately, they were held at Stoke Mandeville and not in Los Angeles, along with the other Olympics.The Games have been a great success in promoting international friendship and understanding, and in proving that being disabled does not mean you can’t enjoy sport. One small source of disappointment for those who organize and take part in the games, however, has been the unwillingness of the International Olympic Committee to include disabled events at Olympic Games for the able-bodied. Perhaps a few more years are still needed to convince those fortunate enough not to be disabled that their disabled fellow athletes should not be excluded. Besides Stoke Mandeville, surely the games for the disabled were once held in→ ←.A. New YorkB. LondonC. RomeD. Los Angeles13.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) —I’m going to study engineering in Peking University tomorrow.—→ ←.A. All the best in your studyB. All the best with your studyC. All the best in your businessD. All the best in your new job14.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) The doctor→ ←a medicine for my headache.A. subscribedB. describedC. prescribedD. inscribed15.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) When a lady customer intends to buy a coat with white stripes,what is she supposed to place an emphasis on if she says to the shop assistant?________A. I'd like a Red coat with .white stripesB. I'd Like a red coat with white stripes.C. I'd like a red coat with White StripesD. I'd like a red Coat with white stripes16.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) What purpose does NOT post-listening activities serve?→ ←A. Helping students relate the text with their personal experience.B. Offering students the opportunities of extending other language skills.C. Practicing students’ ability of matching the pre-listing predictions with contents ofthe text.D. Give the answer directly to students and not to explain.17.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following activities can be adopted at thepre-reading stage?→ ←.A. rearranging the materialsB. brainstorming the topicC. writing a summary of the textD. draft framework18.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Throughout the history of the arts, the nature of creativityhas remained constant to artists. No matter what objects they select, artists are to bringforth new forces and forms that cause change to find poetry where no one has ever seen or experienced it before.Landscape(风景)is another unchanging element of art. It can be found from ancient times through the 17th-century Dutch painters to the 19th-century romanticists and impressionists.In the 1970s, Alfred Leslie, one of the new American realists, continued this practice. Leslie sought out the same place where Thomas Cole, a romanticist, had produced paintings of thesame scene a century and a half before. Unlike Cole who insists on a feeling of lonelinessand the idea of finding peace in nature, Leslie paints what he actually sees. In his paintings,there is no particular change in emotion, and he includes ordinary things like the highwayin the hack: ground. He also takes advantage of the latest developments of color photographyto help both the eye and the memory when he improves his painting back in his workroom. Besides, all art begs the age-old question: What is real? Each generation of artists has shown their understanding of reality in one form or another. The impressionists saw realityin brief emotional effects, the realists in everyday subjects and in forest scenes, and theCro-Magnon cave people in their naturalistic drawings of the animals in the ancient forests.To sum up, understanding reality is a necessary struggle for artists of all periods.Over thousands of years the function of the arts has remained relatively constant. Past or present, Eastern or Western, the arts are a basic part of our immediate experience. Manyand different are the faces of art, and together they express the basic need and hope of human beings. Which of the following is the ma in topic of the passage?→ ←A. History of the arts.B. Basic questions of the arts.C. New developments in the arts.D. Use of modem technology in the arts.19.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) By the end of last year, nearly a million cars→ ←in that auto factory.A. had producedB. had been producedC. would be producedD. were produced20.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) → ←the temperature might drop, coal was prepared for warming.A. To considerB. ConsideredC. ConsideringD. To be considered21.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) → ←a moment and I will go to your rescue.A. Go onB. Hold onC. Move toD. Carry on22.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) The study of language development over a period of time is generally called→ ←linguistics.A. appliedB. synchronicC. comparativeD. diachronic23.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following is a slip of tongue?→ ←A. Seeing is believing.B. Where there is smoke, there is fire.C. Where there is life, there is hope.D. Where there is a way, there is a will.24.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following statements is NOT a way of presenting new vocabulary?_A. Defining.B. Using real objects.C. Writing a passage by using new words.D. Giving explanations.25.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) For a while, my neighborhood was taken ever by an army of joggers(慢跑者). They were there all the time: early morning, noon, and evening. There were little old ladies in gray sweats, young couples in Adidas shoes, middle-aged men with red faces. "Come on!" My friend Alex encouraged me to join him as he jogged by my house every evening. "You'll feel great."Well, I had nothing against feeling great and if Alex could jog every day, anyone could. So I took up jogging seriously and gave it a good two months of my life, and not a day more. Based on my experience, jogging is the most overvalued form of exercise around, and judging from the number of the people who left our neighborhood jogging army. I’m not alone in my opinion.First of all, jogging is very hard on the body. Your legs and feet a real pounding(追击)ruining down a road for two or three miles. I developed foot, leg, and back problems. Then I readabout a nationally famous jogger who died of a heart attack while jogging, and I had something else to worry about Jogging doesn't kill hundreds of people, but if you have any physical weaknesses, jogging will surely bring them out, as they did with me.Secondly, I got no enjoyment out of jogging. Putting one foot in front of the other for forty-five minutes isn't my idea of fun. Jogging is also a lonely pastime. Some joggers say, "I love being out there with just my thoughts." Well, my thoughts began to bore me, and most of them were on how much my legs hurt.And how could I enjoy something that brought me pain? And that wasn't just the first week, it was practically every day for two months. I never got past the pain level, and pain isn't fun. What a cruel way to do it! So many other exercises, including walking, lead to almost the same results painlessly, so why jog?I don't jog any more, and I don't think I ever will. I’m walking two miles three times a week at a fast pace, and that feels good. I bicycle to work when the weather is good. I'm getting exercise, and I'm enjoying it at the same time. I could never say the same for jogging, and I've found a lot of better ways to stay in shape. What was the writer's attitude towards jogging in the beginning?→ ←A. He felt it was worth a try.B. He was very fond of it.C. He was strongly against it.D. He thought it must be painful.26.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) If a teacher attempts to implement the top-down model to teach listening, he is likely to present_____.A. new words after playing the tapeB. new words before playing the tapeC. background information after playing the tapeD. background information before playing the tape27.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Trees should only be pruned when there is a good and clear reason for doing so and, fortunately, the number of such reasons is small. Pruning involves the cutting away of overgrown and unwanted branches, and the inexperienced gardener can be encouraged by the thought that more damage results from doing it unnecessarily than from leaving the tree to grow in its own way.First, pruning may be done to make sure that trees have a desired shape or size. The object may be to get a tree of the right height, and at the same time to help the growth of small side branches which will thicken its appearance or give it a special shape. Secondly, pruning may be done to make the tree healthier. You may cut diseased or dead wood, or branches that are rubbing against each other and thus cause wounds. The health of a tree may be encouraged by removing branches that are blocking up the centre and so preventing the free movement of air.One result of pruning is that an open wound is left on the tree and this provides an easy entry for disease, but it is a wound that will heal. Often there is a race between the healing and the disease as to whether the tree will live or die, so that there is a period when the tree is at risk. It should be the aim of every gardener to reduce which has been pruned smooth and clean, for healing will be slowed down by roughness. You should allow the cut surface to dry for a few hurts and then paint it with one of the substances available from garden shops produced especially for this purpose. Pruning is usually without interference from the leaves and also it is very unlikely that the cuts you make will bleed If this does happen, it is, of course, impossible to paint them properly. Pruning should b e done to→ ←.A. make the tree grow tallerB. improve the shape of the treeC. get rid of the small branchesD. make the small branches thicker28.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following statements about Audio-lingual Methodis wrong?→ ←A. The method involves giving the learner stimuli in the form of prompts.B. The method involves praising the correct response or publishing incorrect response untilthe right one is given.C. Mother tongue is accepted in the classroom just 8s the target language.D. Emphasis is laid upon using oral language in the classroom; some reading and writing mightbe done as homework.29.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) I’ve loved my mother's desk since I was just tall enough tosee above the top of it as mother sat writing letters. Standing by her chair, looking atthe ink bottle, pens, and white paper, I decided that the act of writing must be the most wonderful thing in the world.Years later, during her final illness, mother kept different things for my sister and brother.“But the desk.” she’d said again, “It's for Elizabeth.”I never saw her angry, never saw her cry. I knew she loved me; she showed it in action. Butas a young girl, I wanted heart-to-heart talks between mother and daughter.They never happened. And a gulf o pened between us. I was “too emotional”. But she livedon the surface”.As years passed I had my own family. I loved my mother and thanked her for our happy family.Iwrote to her in careful words and asked her to let me know in any way she chose that shedid forgive me.I posted the letter and waited for her answer.None came.My hope turned to disappointment, then little interest and, finally, peace—it seemed that nothing happene I couldn’t be sure that the letter had even got to mother.I only knew thatI had written it, and I could stop trying to make her into someone she was not.Now the present of her desk told, as she'd never been able to, that she was pleased that writing was my chosen work. I cleaned the desk carefully and found some papers inside—aphoto of my father and a one—page letter, folded and refolded many times.Give me an answer, my letter asks, in any way you choose. Mother, you always choose the actthat speaks louder than words. What did mother do with her daughter's letter asking forgiveness?A. She had never received the letter.B. For years, she often talked about the letter.C. She didn't forgive her daughter at all in all her life.D. She read the letter again and again till she die.30.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) It was not→ ←she took off her dark glasses→ ←I realized she was a famous actress.A. when; thatB. until; thatC. until; whenD. when; then31.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) How could we possibly think that keeping animals in cages in unnatural environments-mostly for entertainment purposes is fair and respectful?Zoo officials say they are concerned about animals. However, most zoos remain "collections" of interesting "things" rather than protective habitats. Zoos teach people that it is acceptable to keep animals bored， lonely, and far from their natural homes.Zoos claim to educate people and save endangered species， but visitors leave zoos without having learned anything meaningful about the animals natural behavior, intelligence, or beauty. Zoos keep animals in small spaces or cages, and most signs only mention the species name, diet, and natural range. The animals normal behavior is seldom noticed because zoos don’t usually take care of the animals natural needs.The animals are kept together in small spaces, with no privacy and little opportunity for mental and physical exercise. This results in unusual and self-destructive behavior called zoochosis. A world-wide study of zoos found that zoochosis is common among animals kept in small spaces or cages. Another study showed that elephants spend 22 percent of their time making repeated head movements or biting cage bars, and bears spend 30 percent of their time walking back and forth, a sign of unhappiness and pain.Furthermore, most animals in zoos are not endangered. Captive breeding of endangered big cats, Asian elephants, and other species has not resulted in their being sent back to the wild. Zoos talk a lot about their captive breeding programs because they do not want people to worry about a species dying out. In fact, baby animals also attract a lot of paying customers. Havent we seen enough competitions to name baby animals?Actually, we will save endangered species only if we save their habitats and put an end to the reasons people kill them. Instead of supporting zoos, we should support groups that work to protect animals natural habitats.The author tries to persuade readers to accept his argument mainly by→←.A. pointing out the faults in what zoos doB. using evidence he has collected at zoosC. questioning the way animals are protectedD. discussing the advantages of natural habitats32.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) When Thomas Butler stepped off a plane in April 2002 on his return to the United States from a trip to Tanzania, he set in motion a chain of events that now threatens to destroy his life. A microbiologist at Texas Tech University in Lubbock, Butler was bringing back samples of the plague bacterium Yersinia pestis for his research. Yet on re-entering the country, he is alleged to have passed right by US customs inspectors without notifying them that he was carrying this potentially deadly cargo. That move and its consequences have led the federal government to prosecute Butler for a range of offences. If convicted on all counts, he could be fined millions of dollars and spend the rest of his life in jail.The US scientific community has leapt to butlers defense, arguing that his prosecution is over- zealous, alarming and unnecessary. The presidents of the National Academy of Sciences。

辩论的技巧

辩论的技巧英文回答：As a seasoned debater, I've honed my skills through countless rounds of heated exchanges and persuasive arguments. Here are some of the key techniques that have helped me succeed in the art of debate:1. Research and Preparation:Thorough preparation is paramount. Delve deep into the topic, gathering credible evidence and building a solid foundation for your arguments. Anticipate potential counterarguments and prepare rebuttals in advance.Example: In a debate on climate change, I spent hours reading scientific papers, analyzing data, and consulting experts to build a comprehensive understanding of the issue.2. Logical Reasoning and Argumentation:Present well-reasoned arguments based on evidence and sound logic. Avoid emotional appeals and fallacies. Structure your points clearly, using transitions to guide your audience.Example: When arguing that the government should invest in renewable energy, I presented data on the environmental benefits, cost-effectiveness, and job creation potential of such investments.3. Effective Communication:Articulate your ideas clearly and concisely. Use vivid language, compelling examples, and relatable analogies to engage your audience. Adapt your communication style tosuit the context and audience.Example: In a debate targeted at a general audience, I used simple language and concrete examples to explain the complexities of monetary policy.4. Refutation and Counterarguments:Anticipate and address opposing viewpoints respectfully. Use evidence and logic to dismantle weak arguments and effectively counter your opponents' claims.Example: When my opponent argued that a proposed tax increase would stifle economic growth, I presented evidence showing that similar tax increases in other countries hadled to increased investment and job creation.5. Rebuttals and Closing Arguments:Prepare strong rebuttals to your opponents' arguments and use them to reinforce your own positions. Conclude your speech with a powerful summary of your main points and a compelling call to action.Example: In the closing remarks of a debate on immigration, I emphasized the positive contributions of immigrants to society and urged the audience to support policies that foster a welcoming and inclusive environment.6. Respect and Etiquette:Engage in respectful discourse, even when debating contentious issues. Avoid personal attacks and maintain a professional demeanor throughout the debate.Example: After a particularly heated exchange, I made a point of thanking my opponent for their insights and acknowledging the importance of diverse perspectives.7. Practice and Feedback:Regular practice is crucial. Join a debate team or engage in mock debates with friends or colleagues. Seek feedback from experienced debaters to improve your skills.Example: I participated in countless debate tournaments and sought mentorship from renowned coaches to refine my techniques and develop a strong debating style.中文回答：作为一名经验丰富的辩手，我通过无数轮激烈的交流和有力论证磨练了自己的技能。

医学博士英文作文题型

医学博士英文作文题型英文：As a medical doctor, I have encountered a wide range of patients and medical cases throughout my career. One particular case that stands out in my mind is that of a young woman who came to me with persistent headaches and dizziness. She had been to several doctors before me, but none of them could provide a definitive diagnosis or effective treatment.I conducted a thorough examination and ordered a series of tests, including MRI and CT scans. After carefully reviewing the results, I was able to identify the underlying cause of her symptoms – a rare brain tumor. I explained the diagnosis to the patient and her family in a compassionate and clear manner, and we discussed the treatment options available.Throughout the course of her treatment, I made sure tokeep the lines of communication open with the patient and her family, providing regular updates and addressing any concerns they had. I also worked closely with a team of specialists to develop a comprehensive treatment plan tailored to her specific needs.After several months of treatment, the patient showed significant improvement and her symptoms began to subside. It was a long and challenging journey, but seeing her regain her health and vitality was incredibly rewarding.中文：作为一名医学博士，我在我的职业生涯中遇到了各种各样的病人和医疗案例。

submissions四级题目

submissions四级题目English Answer:The concept of "self" is a complex and multifaceted one, which has been the subject of much philosophical and psychological inquiry throughout history. In the Western tradition, the notion of self has often been understood in terms of a Cartesian dualism, in which the mind and bodyare seen as two distinct substances. This dualistic view of the self has been challenged in recent decades by a numberof philosophers and psychologists, who have argued that the self is not a fixed and immutable entity, but rather afluid and dynamic process that is constantly being shaped and reshaped by our experiences.In Eastern philosophy, the concept of self is often understood in terms of a holistic perspective, in which the individual is seen as part of a larger whole. This holistic view of the self is reflected in the Buddhist concept of anatta, which means "no-self." According to the Buddhisttradition, the self is not a permanent and unchanging entity, but rather a collection of constantly changing mental and physical processes. This view of the self is consistent with the findings of modern psychology, which has shown that the self is not a fixed and unchanging entity, but rather a fluid and dynamic process that is constantly being shaped and reshaped by our experiences.The concept of self is a complex and multifaceted one, which has been the subject of much philosophical and psychological inquiry throughout history. In the Western tradition, the notion of self has often been understood in terms of a Cartesian dualism, in which the mind and body are seen as two distinct substances. This dualistic view of the self has been challenged in recent decades by a number of philosophers and psychologists, who have argued that the self is not a fixed and immutable entity, but rather afluid and dynamic process that is constantly being shaped and reshaped by our experiences.In Eastern philosophy, the concept of self is often understood in terms of a holistic perspective, in which theindividual is seen as part of a larger whole. This holistic view of the self is reflected in the Buddhist concept of anatta, which means "no-self." According to the Buddhist tradition, the self is not a permanent and unchanging entity, but rather a collection of constantly changing mental and physical processes. This view of the self is consistent with the findings of modern psychology, which has shown that the self is not a fixed and unchanging entity, but rather a fluid and dynamic process that is constantly being shaped and reshaped by our experiences.中文回答：“自我”是一个复杂而多方面的概念，在整个历史中一直是许多哲学和心理探究的主题。

高二英语哲学讨论单选题50题(答案解析)

高二英语哲学讨论单选题50题(答案解析)1.The essence of things is determined by their _____.A.appearanceB.functionC.essence itselfD.material composition答案：C。

本题考查哲学基本概念。

选项A“appearance”外表不能决定事物的本质。

选项B“function”功能也不是本质的决定因素。

选项D“material composition”物质组成也不是本质的决定因素。

只有选项C“essence itself”符合哲学观点，事物的本质由其自身本质决定。

2.Philosophy studies the fundamental questions of _____.A.life and deathB.existence and beingC.love and friendshipD.money and wealth答案：B。

选项A“life and death”生死问题不是哲学研究的最根本问题。

选项C“love and friendship”爱与友谊不是哲学的根本问题。

选项D“money and wealth”金钱与财富也不是哲学根本问题。

只有选项B“existence and being”存在与本质是哲学研究的根本问题。

3.The concept of “dialectics” emphasizes _____.A.absolute stabilityB.unchanging natureC.constant conflictD.dynamic interaction答案：D。

“dialectics”辩证法强调动态的相互作用。

选项A“absolute stability”绝对稳定不符合辩证法。

选项B“unchanging nature”不变的本质也不符合。

选项C“constant conflict”单纯的持续冲突不准确，辩证法是动态的相互作用。

专四作文讨论第一段总结好

专四作文讨论第一段总结好英文回答：The question requires a comprehensive analysis of the main points discussed in the first paragraph of an essay.To provide a well-structured response, it is essential to first identify the key argument or thesis statement presented in the paragraph. This statement typically encapsulates the main idea or claim that the writer intends to develop throughout the essay.Once the thesis statement is identified, the next step is to examine the supporting evidence or examples provided in the paragraph. These elements serve to illustrate or substantiate the main argument and help to establish its credibility.By combining the analysis of the thesis statement and the supporting evidence, a clear understanding of the mainpoints discussed in the first paragraph can be achieved. This understanding can then be used as a foundation for further analysis and discussion in subsequent paragraphs of the essay.中文回答：问题要求对一篇文章第一段讨论内容进行总结归纳。

a contented mind is a perpetual feast英语辩论

a contented mind is a perpetualfeast英语辩论The topic of "a contented mind is a perpetual feast" raises an interesting debate. On one hand, having a contented mind can bring a sense of inner peace and fulfillment. When we are satisfied with what we have and appreciate the simple pleasures in life, we tend to experience more joy and gratitude. This state of contentment can lead to better mental and physical health, as it reduces stress and anxiety.Furthermore, a contented mind allows us to focus on the present moment and enjoy the journey rather than constantly striving for more. It encourages us to cultivate gratitude and savor the small wonders in our daily lives. By being content, we can find happiness and satisfaction within ourselves, rather than relying solely on external circumstances or material possessions.However, on the other hand, some may argue that a contented mind can limit our drive and ambition. If we are too satisfied with the status quo, we may become complacent and resist growth or change. There is value in striving for personal and professional development, pushing boundaries, and pursuing new challenges and opportunities.Moreover, a contented mind may prevent us from recognizing and addressing important issues or injustices in the world. Contentment can sometimes lead to a lack of motivation to make positive changes or fight for what is right, as we may become satisfied with the way things are.In conclusion, while having a contented mind can bring inner peace and happiness, it is important to find a balance between contentment and a drive for growth and improvement. A contented mind should not prevent us from striving for a better future, challenging ourselves, or making a positive impact on the world.。

to us it seems so natural to put up阅读理解

to us it seems so natural to put up阅读理解标题：To Us It Seems So Natural to Put Up: A Deep Dive into Reading ComprehensionReading comprehension is a skill that we often take for granted.It feels almost second nature to dive into a text and extract meaning from it.However, the process behind this seemingly effortless task is more complex than it appears.In this document, we will explore the intricacies of reading comprehension, shedding light on why it seems so natural to put up with this cognitive activity.1.The Importance of Reading ComprehensionReading comprehension is a fundamental skill that plays a crucial role in our daily lives.From understanding road signs to comprehending complex literary works, this ability enables us to navigate the world effectively.It is through reading that we gain knowledge, learn new skills, and broaden our perspectives.2.The Process of Reading ComprehensionTo understand why reading comprehension comes so naturally to us, it"s essential to delve into the process behind it.Reading comprehension involves several interconnected stages:a.Word Recognition: The first step is recognizing individual words on the page.This process is called decoding, and it allows us totranslate written symbols into meaningful language.b.Vocabulary Understanding: Once we recognize the words, we must understand their meanings.Vocabulary knowledge is crucial for comprehending the text, as it helps us make connections and infer the author"s message.c.Syntax and Grammar: Understanding the structure of sentences and the rules of grammar is vital for grasping the intended meaning of the text.Proper syntax and grammar allow us to follow the flow of ideas and relationships between words.d.Inference and Critical Thinking: Reading comprehension goes beyond the literal meaning of the words.It requires us to make inferences, draw conclusions, and apply critical thinking skills to fully understand the text.3.Factors Influencing Reading ComprehensionSeveral factors contribute to the ease with which we put up with reading comprehension:a.Prior Knowledge: Our existing knowledge and experiences significantly influence our ability to understand new information.When we encounter familiar concepts or topics, it becomes easier to comprehend the text.b.Reading Strategies: Skilled readers employ various strategies, such as predicting, summarizing, and asking questions, to enhance theircomprehension.These strategies help us make sense of the text and retain information more effectively.c.Cognitive Abilities: Our cognitive abilities, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills, play a crucial role in reading comprehension.A well-developed cognitive framework allows us to process and analyze information more efficiently.4.Enhancing Reading ComprehensionWhile reading comprehension may seem natural, there are ways to further improve this skill:a.Practice: Like any other skill, reading comprehension improves with practice.Regular reading exposes us to a variety of texts, genres, and writing styles, enhancing our ability to understand and analyze different types of content.b.Vocabulary Expansion: Building a rich vocabulary is essential for better reading comprehension.Reading diverse literature, using a dictionary, and learning new words can significantly enhance our understanding of texts.c.Active Engagement: Engaging with the text actively, through note-taking, discussions, or writing summaries, can deepen our comprehension.Active engagement encourages critical thinking and helps us connect with the material on a deeper level.Conclusion:To us, it may seem so natural to put up with reading comprehension, but it is the result of a complex cognitive process.By understanding the intricacies involved and actively working on improving our skills, we can continue to enhance our ability to extract meaning from the written word.Reading comprehension is a lifelong skill that opens doors to knowledge, understanding, and personal growth.。

如何做推理判断题英语作文

如何做推理判断题英语作文英文回答：Deductive Reasoning.In a deductive reasoning task, you are given a set of premises and asked to draw a conclusion. The conclusion must be logically valid, meaning that it must follow necessarily from the premises. This type of reasoning is often used in logical arguments, mathematics, and science.Tips for Doing Deductive Reasoning Questions.1. Identify the premises and conclusion. The premises are the statements that are given to you as true. The conclusion is the statement that you are asked to prove.2. Determine the relationship between the premises and conclusion. The conclusion must follow logically from the premises. This means that it must be impossible for thepremises to be true and the conclusion to be false.3. Use deductive reasoning rules to draw the conclusion. There are a number of different deductive reasoning rules that you can use to draw a conclusion. Some of the most common rules include:Modus ponens: If P, then Q. P. Therefore, Q.Modus tollens: If P, then Q. Not Q. Therefore, not P.Syllogism: If P, then Q. If Q, then R. Therefore,if P, then R.4. Check your answer. Once you have drawn a conclusion, check to make sure that it is logically valid. This means that it must be impossible for the premises to be true and the conclusion to be false.Example.Premise 1: All dogs are mammals.Premise 2: Fido is a dog.Conclusion: Fido is a mammal.This conclusion is logically valid because it is impossible for the premises to be true and the conclusion to be false. If all dogs are mammals and Fido is a dog, then it must be the case that Fido is a mammal.中文回答：推理判断题。

高二英语哲学讨论练习题30题

高二英语哲学讨论练习题30题1<背景文章>Socrates was one of the most famous philosophers in ancient Greece. He was born in Athens in 469 BC. Socrates was known for his unique way of questioning and seeking wisdom.He spent most of his life in the marketplace and public places, engaging in discussions with people from all walks of life. Socrates believed that the pursuit of truth was the most important thing in life. He would ask probing questions to help people examine their beliefs and values.Socrates' method of teaching was known as the Socratic method. This involved asking a series of questions to lead the person to discover the truth for themselves. He believed that true knowledge could not be taught directly but had to be discovered through dialogue and reflection.Socrates had a profound influence on Western philosophy. His ideas laid the foundation for much of the philosophical thinking that followed. He inspired generations of thinkers to question authority and seek wisdom.Socrates was eventually put on trial and condemned to death. Despite this, his legacy lives on. His teachings continue to inspire people to think deeply and question the world around them.1. Socrates was born in ___.A. 468 BCB. 469 BCC. 470 BCD. 471 BC答案：B。

如何说服朋友的怀疑,作文

如何说服朋友的怀疑,作文英文回答， How to Persuade a Friend's Doubt.Persuading a friend's doubt can be a challenging task, but with effective communication and logical reasoning, it is possible to convince them. In this essay, I will provide two approaches to persuade a friend's doubt.Firstly, it is important to understand the reasons behind your friend's doubt. By actively listening to their concerns and empathizing with their perspective, you can build a foundation for a constructive conversation. Once you have identified their doubts, it is crucial to provide them with factual information and evidence to address their concerns. This can be done by presenting reliable sources, statistics, or expert opinions that support your argument. Additionally, sharing personal experiences or anecdotes can also help to illustrate your point and make it more relatable.Furthermore, it is essential to highlight the benefits or positive outcomes that can result from accepting your viewpoint. By emphasizing the advantages, you can appeal to your friend's self-interest and demonstrate how your proposed solution or idea can be beneficial for them. It is important to present a clear and logical argument,outlining the potential positive consequences that can arise from accepting your perspective.Moreover, using persuasive language and techniques can also be effective in convincing your friend. This includes using rhetorical questions, appealing to emotions, and employing the power of storytelling. By engaging them emotionally and making the subject matter more relatable, you can increase the likelihood of them being persuaded.中文回答，如何说服朋友的怀疑。

自然界的未解之谜组织辩证会英语作文

自然界的未解之谜组织辩证会英语作文The Bermuda Triangle, also known as the devil's triangle, is an area of the Northwest Atlantic where some planes and surface ships have disappeared, and some people claim that these disappearances are beyond the limits of human error or natural behavior. Popular culture attributes these disappearances to supernatural phenomena.namely the suspension of the laws of physics, or the activities of extraterrestrials, although there are numerous documents showing that many of them were wrongly reported or modified by later authors, and many official agencies have documented that the number and nature of the disappearances are similar to any other marine area, despite the occurrence of the Loch .monster A lot of investigations have been made, but there are still many unknown reasons. The Loch monster is an alleged animal, no family or species has been identified, but the Loch monster, which claims to inhabit Loch , Scotland, is one of the most famous animals in cryptography.Since the Loch monster became the evidence of world concern, the general belief and interest in it has fluctuated in the past few years, which is largely hearsay and rarely controversial.Photographic materials and sonar readings: no evidence of local people or later found around the world (skeleton remains, capture of living animals, definitive tissue) has yet to be found Because of the abominable snowman, the snowman is a kind of ape animal, which is said to live in the Himalayas of Nepal and Tibet.The names of Yeti and met are usually used by local people and are part of the history and myth of the local people.。

翻译二级笔译综合能力模拟3

[ 模拟] 翻译二级笔译综合能力模拟3Vocabulary Selection In this part, there are 20 incomplete sentences. Below each sentence, there are 4 choices respectively marked by letters A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence. There is only ONE right answer. Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your Machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.第 1 题：He drove fast and arrived about an hour ____ the meeting schedule.A. in advanceB. beforeC. ahead ofD. in front of参考答案：C 答案解析：固定搭配ahead of schedule 表“早于计划或安排”，例：I arrived at Jack's suite half an hour ahead of schedule ．我比计划提前了半个小时抵达Jack 的套房。

第 2 题：John's long service with the company was _____ a present from theCEO.A. confirmed byB. recorded withC. appreciated byD. acknowledged with参考答案： D 答案解析：词义辨析此句要表示的是：公司的CEO为了表达对John 长期服务的感谢，送了他一个礼物；而be confirmed by 由⋯⋯所证实；be recorded 由⋯⋯记录下来；appreciate 表达感谢时，常用appreciate one's efforts/help ，例：We appreciate your efforts for the development of the company．（我们感激你对公司发展所作的努力）；而此句John's service was appreciated by 后应跟sb. ，而不是a present ；acknowledge 公开表达对⋯⋯的感谢，例：We wish to acknowledge the support of the university ．（我们想对学校的支持表示感谢。

高考英语易错点点睛与高考突破专题14 阅读理解

2013年高考英语易错点点睛与高考突破专题14 阅读理解【2013高考预测】阅读理解是我们学习英语的主要目的之一，是我们获取外来信息的重要途径。

阅读理解是综合读者各方面知识的过程，通过阅读能看出作者的主要意图和文章的基调；从有关资料中汲取有用的东西；对不重要情节或信息一带而过；根据阅读目的和材料的难易程度调整阅读速度和方法；根据作者的描述得出自己的结论；掌握并利用语境猜测词的多种含义的；根据阅读材料快速读懂图表；根据短文的内容填空等等。

一、命题趋向1.阅读材料更趋向于真实性、实用性和教育性关注实际生活的选材特点在近年的NMET阅读理解试题中已经呈现出明显的增强趋势。

这种趋势与当前基础教育的改革要求是一致的。

中学生语言学习的根本目的应当与基础教育的根本目标一致，即:学会求知、学会做事、学会合作、学会做人。

真实性和适用性选材是适应基础教育英语课程改革的目标而出现的；选材的教育性是基于阅读的第二层面而设立的，即考生不仅要懂得文章的意思，还要进行思考。

2.问题的创设将会更加灵活多样，尤以整体理解和推理为主阅读理解创设的问题大多不能按字面意思随手拈来，需要归纳、概括中心，推测作者意图、挖掘深层含义。

有些题目还要加以逻辑推理才能选择出正确答案。

3.由猜测词义到对整个句子意义的理解将是一个新的命题热点词义猜测题在近几年的阅读命题中屡见不鲜。

一般是利用上下文，通过对应结构或平行结构中同义词或反义词来进行判断。

近年来考试突破了这个圈圈，命题者要求考生在对文章的整体理解上来理解某个熟悉的词汇或短语在真实语境中新的含义。

4.所选材料的结构复杂化，生疏但能读懂的短语和表达方式将达到一定的数量英语新课程标准中，阅读理解的要求更高。

在典型例题卷的阅读理解中就出现了许多考生感到陌生的短语。

如B篇中有to look the otherway；E篇中的in the great majority of等。

这些短语的出现在一定的程度上加大了难度，但符合《考试说明》的要求，也体现了语言学习的适用性和灵活性。

孟子的辩论技巧

孟子的辩论技巧英文回答：As a skilled debater, Mencius employed a diverse arrayof persuasive techniques to effectively convey his arguments and dismantle opposing viewpoints. These included:Logical Reasoning: Mencius constructed compelling arguments based on sound logic and clear reasoning. By meticulously dissecting his opponents' claims andidentifying inconsistencies, he adeptly exposed their flaws and undermined their credibility.Inductive Reasoning: He drew persuasive inferencesfrom specific observations and examples. By presenting a series of carefully selected cases that supported his assertions, Mencius gradually built a strong case for his position, making it difficult for his opponents to refute.Analogies and Metaphors: Mencius frequently employedanalogies and metaphors to illustrate complex concepts and make his arguments more accessible and relatable. By comparing abstract ideas to familiar objects or experiences, he effectively appealed to his audience's intuition and common sense.Emotional Appeals: Recognizing the power of emotionsin persuasion, Mencius skillfully incorporated emotional appeals into his arguments. By evoking feelings of empathy, sympathy, or indignation, he engaged his audience on a deeper level, bridging the gap between logic and passion.Rhetorical Questions: Mencius posed thought-provoking rhetorical questions to challenge his opponents' assumptions and sow doubt in their minds. By compellingthem to question their own beliefs, he subtly weakenedtheir arguments and fostered a sense of uncertainty.Audience Engagement: Mencius actively engaged with his audience, using humor, wit, and personal anecdotes to connect with them on a human level. By establishing arapport with his listeners, he increased theirreceptiveness to his ideas and created a more persuasive atmosphere.For instance, in his debate with King Xuan of Qi, Mencius employed his mastery of logical reasoning to expose the king's misguided views on human nature. By skillfully dismantling the king's flawed arguments, Mencius demonstrated the inherent goodness of human beings and the importance of benevolent governance.中文回答：作为一名高超的辩论家，孟子运用了多种多样的说服技巧，来有效地传达自己的论点，并击破对方的观点。

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Mythological Biographical Poem
Follow this format exactly, please:
Greek Name__________________, I am (list four traits) ___________, ____________, __________, ___________. I am [a relative] of (1-3 people) _____________________________________. Lover of (1-3 things or people) _____________________________________. Who feels/protects (1-3 things) _____________________________________. Who needs (1-3 things) _____________________________________. Who fears (1-3 things) _____________________________________. Who gives (1-3 things) _____________________________________. Resident of _____________________, Roman Name__________________.
Homework
• Finish your Mythological Biographical Poem • Turn it in next week • I will grade you on:
– Following the correct format – Creativity – Accuracy of god/goddess facts – Appearance/Neatness
Example (you may not use this goddess):
Aphrodite, Goddess of Love, Desire, Beauty and Fertility. A daughter of Zeus and Dione; wife of Hephaestus. Lover of sons Aeneas and Cupid and brother Ares. Who protects sailors. Who needs a chariot. Who fears War, Athena and Hera. Who gives Helen to Paris, a magic belt to Hera, and Medea to Jason. Resident of Mt. OHappy November!
Perseus and Medusa Discussion Questions
• Why do you think the myth of Medusa has captivated humans for over 2000 years?
• What was the function of Greek myths in ancient Greek society? Do we have a similar method to help us to understand the world today?
• Do you have sympathy for Medusa after hearing her full story? Do you think Perseus rescued her by killing her? Why or why not? • What is your favorite part of the story of Perseus and Medusa?
Mythological Biographical Poem
• A biographical poem, or biopoem, uses a simple but specific structure to describe the most important facts about someone. • Your assignment is to write a biopoem about one of the gods or goddesses you have studied. You may choose any god or goddess (except Aphrodite, because she’s the example below). • The blanks are for your rough draft. When you’re done, copy your final version onto a separate sheet of paper and decorate it, if you would like.
• Who was Medusa before she became an ugly monster? Do you find this interesting? Why or why not?
Perseus and Medusa Discussion Questions (continued)
• Despite her obvious danger to humans, how was Medusa seen as a positive image to the ancient Greeks?