2009年6月ACCA考试真题：Part II真题答案(9)

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2009年6月大学英语A级真题试卷及答案

2009年6月大学英语A级真题试卷及答案(2010-06-16 09:54:05)转载标签：分类：大学英语AB级（三级）大学英语a级真题及答案英语考试英语学习英语教育Part II Structure (15 minutes)Directions:This part is to test your ability to construct grammatically correct sentences. It consists of 2 sections.Section ADirections:In this section, there are 10 incomplete sentences. You are required to complete each one by deciding on the most appropriate word or words from the 4 choices marked A),B), C) and D). Then you should mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheetwith a single line through the center.16. By the end of this year Mr. Smith ______ in our company for exactly three years.A) is working B) has workedC) will work D) will have worked17. I think that the Great Wall is worth ______ hundreds of miles to visit.A) to travel B) traveling C) traveled D) travel18. The new staff didn’t know how to use the system ______ I explained it to him yesterday.A) until B) because C) if D) since19. ______ is reported in the newspapers that the talks between the two companies have not madeany progress.A) That B) What C) It D) As20. ______ by the failure of the project, the manager could hardly say a word.A) To be shocked B) Shocked C) Be shocked D) Shocking21. The first question we now discuss is ______ we should go there so early tomorrow.A) whether B) where C) what D) whom22. He was attending a meeting, ______ he would have come to your party yesterday.A) unless B) when C) but D) or23. Enclosed you ______ an application form that you are asked to fill out.A) will find B) find C) found D) are finding24. The auto industry spends large amounts of money on marketing campaigns ______ youngadult customers.A) attract B) attracted C) to attract D) attracts25. The advertising company recently hired a designer ______ had once won a prize in a nationalcontest.A) whose B) which C) whom D) whoSection BDirections:There are 10 incomplete statements here. You should fill in each blank with the proper form of the word given in brackets. Write the word or words in thecorresponding space on the Answer Sheet.26. Your daughter is (luck) ______ enough to have been admitted to this large company.27. After an (introduce) ______ by the chairperson, we’ll go on with the day’s discussion.28. We must keep the manager (inform) ______ of the advertising campaign.29. It is suggested that the president of the Union (make) ______ a speech on behalf of all theworkers.30. Having been badly damaged by the earthquake, the city has to be (rebuild) ______.31. She described the ancient city in detail because she (live) ______ there for years.32. The new university graduate is confident of (win) ______ the post as the assistant to themanaging director.33. Successful companies concentrate (much) ______ on selling their products to their existingcustomers than to their new ones.34. The local economy depends (heavy) ______ on the exports of manufactured goods.35. With such a short time (leave) ______, it’s impossible for us to finish this complicatedKeys16．[答案]D17．[答案]B18．[答案]A19．[答案]C20．[答案]B21．[答案]A 22．[答案]D 23．[答案]A 24．[答案]C 25．[答案]DSection B26．[答案]lucky 27．[答案] introduction 28．[答案] informed 29. [答案](should) make 30．[答案]rebuilt 31．[答案] had lived 32．[答案]winning 33．[答案]more 34．[答案]heavily 35．[答案] left。

ACCA历年考题之f9_2009_dec_ans

Fundamentals Level –Skills Module, Paper F9Financial Management December 2009 Answers 1(a)After-tax cost of borrowing = 8·6 x (1 – 0·3) = 6% per yearEvaluation of leasingYear Cash flow Amount ($)6% Discount factors Present value ($)0–3Lease rentals(380,000)1·000 + 2·673 = 3·673(1,395,740)2–5T ax savings114,0004·212 – 0·943 = 3·269372,666–––––––––––(1,023,074)–––––––––––Present value of cost of leasing = $1,023,074Evaluation of borrowing to buyLicence Tax Net cash6% discount Present Year Capital fee benefits flow factors value$$$$$ 0(1,000,000)(1,000,000)1·000(1,000,000)1(104,000)(104,000)0·943(98,072)2(108,160)106,200(1,960)0·890(1,744)3(112,486)88,698(23,788)0·840(19,982)4100,000(116,986)75,93458,9480·79246,6875131,659131,6590·74798,349–––––––––(974,762)–––––––––Present value of cost of borrowing to buy = $974,762WorkingsLicence feeYear Capital allowance Tax benefits tax benefits Total$$$$21,000,000 x 0·25 = 250,00075,00031,200106,2003750,000 x 0·25 = 187,50056,25032,44888,6984562,500 x 0·25 =140,62542,18833,74675,9345421,875 – 100,000 = 321,87596,56335,096131,659ASOP Co should buy the new technology, since the present cost of borrowing to buy is lower than the present cost of leasing.(b)Nominal terms net present value analysisYear12345$$$$$ Cost savings365,400479,250637,450564,000T ax liabilities(109,620)(143,775)(191,235)(169,200)–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––Net cash flow365,400369,630493,675372,765(169,200)Discount at 11%0·9010·8120·7310·6590·593–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––Present values329,225300,140360,876245,652(100,336)–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––Present value of benefits1,135,557Present cost of financing(974,762)––––––––––Net present value160,795––––––––––The investment in new technology is acceptable on financial grounds, as it has a positive net present value of $160,795.WorkingsYear1234Operating cost saving ($/unit)6·096·396·717·05Production (units/year)60,00075,00095,00080,000––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––Operating cost savings ($/year)365,400479,250637,450564,000T ax liabilities at 30% ($/year)109,620143,775191,235169,200(Examiner’s note: Including the financing cash flows in the NPV evaluation and discounting them by the WACC of 11% is also acceptable)(c)The equivalent annual cost or benefit method can be used to calculate the equal annual amount of cost or benefit which,when discounted at the appropriate cost of capital, produces the same present value of cost or net present value as a set of varying annual costs or benefits.For example, the net present value (NPV) of investing in the new technology of $160,795 in part (b) was calculated usinga weighted average cost of capital (WACC) of 11% over an expected life of four years. The annuity factor for 11% and fouryears is 3·102. The equivalent annual benefit (EAB) is therefore 160,795/3·102 = $51,835·9 per year. This can be checked by multiplying the EAB by the annuity factor, i.e. 51,835·9 x 3·102 = $160,795.If an alternative investment in similar technology over five years had a lower EAB, the four-year investment would be preferred as it has the higher EAB.(d)When capital is rationed, the optimal investment schedule is the one that maximises the return per dollar invested. The capitalrationing problem is therefore concerned with limiting factor analysis, but the approach adopted is slightly different depending on whether the investment projects being evaluated are divisible or indivisible.With divisible projects, the assumption is made that a proportion rather than the whole investment can be undertaken, with the net present value (NPV) being proportional to the amount of capital invested. If 70% of a project is undertaken, for example, the resulting NPV is assumed to be 70% of the NPV of investing in the whole project.For each divisible project, a profitability index can be calculated, defined either as the net present value of the project divided by its initial investment, or as the present value of the future cash flows of the project divided by its initial investment. The profitability index represents the return per dollar invested and can be used to rank the investment projects. The limited investment funds can then be invested in the projects in the order of their profitability indexes, with the final investment selection being a proportionate one if there is insufficient finance for the whole project. This represents the optimum investment schedule when capital is rationed and projects are divisible.With indivisible projects, ranking by profitability index will not necessarily indicate the optimum investment schedule, since it will not be possible to invest in part of a project. In this situation, the NPV of possible combinations of projects must be calculated. The most likely combinations are often indicated by the profitability index ranking. The combination of projects with the highest aggregate NPV will then be the optimum investment schedule.2(a)The cost of debt of Bond A can be found by linear interpolation.Using 11%, the difference between the present value of future cash flows and the ex interest market value = (9 x 5·889) + (100 x 0·352) – 95·08 = 53·00 + 35·20 – 95·08 = ($6·88)As the net present value is negative, 11% is higher than the cost of debt.Using 9%, the difference between the present value of future cash flows and the ex interest market value = (9 x 6·418) + (100 x 0·422) – 95·08 = 57·76 + 42·20 – 95·08 = $4·88As the net present value is positive, 9% is lower than the cost of debt.Cost of debt = 9 + ((11 – 9) x 4·88)/(4·88 + 6·88) = 9 + 0·83 = 9·83%Using estimates other than 11% and 9% will give slightly different values of the cost of debt.(b) A key factor here could be the duration of the bond issues, linked to the term structure of interest rates. Normally, the longerthe time to maturity of a debt, the higher will be the interest rate and the cost of debt. Bond A has the greater time to maturity and therefore would be expected to have a higher interest rate and a higher cost of debt than Bond B, which is the case here.Liquidity preference theory suggests that investors require compensation for deferring consumption, i.e. for not having access to their cash in the current period, and so providers of debt finance require higher compensation for lending for longer periods.The premium for lending for longer periods also reflects the way that default risk increases with time.Expectations theory suggests that the shape of the yield curve depends on expectations as to future interest rates. If the expectation is that future interest rates will be higher than current interest rates, the yield curve will slope upwards. If the expectation is that future interest rates will be lower than at present, the yield curve will slope downwards.Market segmentation theory suggests that future interest rates depend on conditions in different debt markets, e.g. the short-term market, the medium-term market and the long-term market. The shape of the yield curve therefore depends on the supply of, and demand for, funds in the market segments.Since the two bonds were issued at the same time by the same company, the business risk of DD Co can be discounted asa reason for the difference between the two costs of debt. If the two bonds had been issued by different companies, a differentbusiness risk might have been a reason for the difference in the costs of debt.The size of the debt could be a contributory factor, since the Bond A issue is twice the size of the Bond B issue. The greater size of the Bond A issue could be one of the reasons it has the higher cost of debt.(c)(i)Cost of equity = 4 + (1·2 x (11 – 4)) = 4 + 8·4 = 12·4%(ii)Dividend growth rate = 100 x ((52/50) – 1) = 100 x (1·04 – 1) = 4% per yearShare price using DGM = (50 x 1·04)/(0·124 – 0·04) = 52/0·84 = 619c or $6·19(iii)Number of ordinary shares = 25 millionMarket value of equity = 25m x 6·19 = $154·75 millionMarket value of Bond A issue = 20m x 95·08/100 = $19·016mMarket value of Bond B issue = 10m x 102·01/100 = $10·201mMarket value of debt = $29·217mMarket value of capital employed = 154·75m + 29·217m = $183·967mCapital gearing = 100 x 29·217/183·967 = 15·9%(iv)WACC = ((12·4 x 154·75) + (9·83 x 19·016) + (7·82 x 10·201))/183·967 = 11·9%(d)Miller and Modigliani showed that, in a perfect capital market, the value of a company depended on its investment decisionalone, and not on its dividend or financing decisions. In such a market, a change in dividend policy by DD Co would not affect its share price or its market capitalisation. They showed that the value of a company was maximised if it invested in all projects with a positive net present value (its optimal investment schedule). The company could pay any level of dividend and if it had insufficient finance, make up the shortfall by issuing new equity. Since investors had perfect information, they were indifferent between dividends and capital gains. Shareholders who were unhappy with the level of dividend declared bya company could gain a ‘home-made dividend’ by selling some of their shares. This was possible since there are notransaction costs in a perfect capital market.Against this view are several arguments for a link between dividend policy and share prices. For example, it has been argued that investors prefer certain dividends now rather than uncertain capital gains in the future (the ‘bird-in-the-hand’ argument).It has also been argued that real-world capital markets are not perfect, but semi-strong form efficient. Since perfect information is therefore not available, it is possible for information asymmetry to exist between shareholders and the managers of a company. Dividend announcements may give new information to shareholders and as a result, in a semi-strong form efficient market, share prices may change. The size and direction of the share price change will depend on the difference between the dividend announcement and the expectations of shareholders. This is referred to as the ‘signalling properties of dividends’.It has been found that shareholders are attracted to particular companies as a result of being satisfied by their dividend policies. This is referred to as the ‘clientele effect’. A company with an established dividend policy is therefore likely to have an established dividend clientele. The existence of this dividend clientele implies that the share price may change if there isa change in the dividend policy of the company, as shareholders sell their shares in order to reinvest in another company witha more satisfactory dividend policy. In a perfect capital market, the existence of dividend clienteles is irrelevant, sincesubstituting one company for another will not incur any transaction costs. Since real-world capital markets are not perfect, however, the existence of dividend clienteles suggests that if DD Co changes its dividend policy, its share price could be affected.3(a)Amount of equity finance to be invested in euros = 13m/2 = €6·5 millionAmount of equity to be invested in dollars = 6·5m/1·3000 = $5 millionThe amount of equity finance to be raised in dollars = 5m + 0·312m = $5·312mRights issue price = 4·00 x 0·83 = $3·32 per shareNumber of new shares issued = 5·312m/3·32 = 1·6 million sharesCurrent number of ordinary shares in issue = $100m/4·00 = 25 million sharesT otal number of shares after the rights issue = 25m + 1·6m = 26·6 million sharesTheoretical ex rights price = ((25m x 4) + (1·6m x 3·32))/26·6 = 105·312/26·6 = $3·96 per share(b)(i) Effect on earnings per shareCurrent EPS = 100 x 4·00/10 = 40 cents per share(Alternatively, current profit after tax = 100m/10 = $10 millionCurrent EPS = 100 x 10m/25m = 40 cents per share)Increase in profit before interest and tax = 13m x 0·2 = €2,600,000Dollar increase in profit before interest and tax = 2,600,000/1·3000 = $2 million$000Increase in profit before interest and tax2,000Increase in interest = 6·5m x 0·08 = 0·52m/1·3000 =400–––––––Increase in profit before tax1,600T axation = 1·6m x 0·3 =480–––––––Increase in profit after tax1,120Current profit after tax = 100m/10 =10,000–––––––Revised profit after tax11,120–––––––Alternatively, using euros:€000Increase in profit before interest and tax = 13m x 0·2 =2,600Increase in interest = 6·5m x 0·08 =520–––––––Increase in profit before tax2,080T axation = 2·08m x 0·3 =624–––––––Increase in profit after tax1,456$000Increase in dollar profit after tax = 1·456m/1·300 =1,120Current profit after tax = 100m/10 =10,000–––––––Revised profit after tax11,120–––––––Revised EPS = 100 x 11·12m/26·6m = 41·8 cents/share(ii)Effect on shareholder wealthExpected share price using PER method = (41·8 x 10)/100 = $4·18 per shareThis should be compared to the theoretical ex rights price per share in order to evaluate any change in shareholder wealth.The investment produces a capital gain of 22 cents per share ($4·18 – $3·96)In the absence of any information about dividend payments, it appears that the investment will increase the wealth of shareholders.(c)T ransaction risk is exchange rate risk that arises as a result of short-term transactions. Because it is short term in nature, ithas a direct effect on cash flows, which can either increase or decrease, depending on the movement in exchange rates before the settlement dates of individual short-term transactions.NG Co is exposed to transaction risk on its euro-denominated European sales and interest payments. The dollar value of its euro-denominated sales, for example, would decrease if the dollar appreciated against the euro.T ranslation risk is exchange rate risk that arises from the need to consolidate financial performance and financial position when preparing consolidated financial statements. For this reason, it is also referred to as accounting exposure.NG Co is exposed to translation risk on its euro-denominated non-current assets. The dollar value of the non-current assets acquired by investing in the storage, packing and distribution network, for example, will change as the euro/dollar exchange rate changes.(d)NG Co will receive euro-denominated income and will incur euro-denominated expenses as a result of its Europeanoperations. One hedging method is to maintain a euro-denominated bank account for all euro-denominated transactions. This natural hedge will minimise the need for cash to be exchanged from one currency to another.T ransactions that are deemed to have significant exchange-rate risk could be hedged using the forward market, i.e. using a forward exchange contract or FEC. This is a binding contract between a company and a bank for delivery or receipt of an agreed amount of foreign currency at an agreed exchange rate on an agreed future date.The six-monthly interest payment of €260,000 can be used to illustrate an FEC. The current cost of the interest payment is $200,000. In six months and twelve months, as the euro is expected to strengthen against the dollar, the dollar cost of the interest payment is expected to rise. In order to protect against unexpected adverse exchange rate movements, NG Co can lock into the six-month and twelve-month forward rates of 1·2876 €/$ and 1·2752 €/$ using forward exchange contracts, thereby guaranteeing the dollar cost of its euro-denominated interest payments. The dollar cost of the six-month interest payment would be $201,926 (€260,000/1·2876) and the dollar cost of the twelve-month interest payment would be $203,890 (€260,000/1·2752).An alternative to an FEC is a money market hedge. NG Co could borrow now in dollars in order to make a euro deposit which, with accrued interest, will be sufficient to pay the euro-denominated interest in six months’ time.The six-month euro deposit rate available to NG Co is 1·39% (100 x (1·0280·5– 1)) and the six-month dollar borrowing rate available to NG Co is 2·62% (100 x (1·0530·5–1)). The amount of dollars to deposit now would be €256,436 (260,000/1·0139) and to make this payment NG Co would need to borrow $197,259 (256,436/1·3000). The six-month dollar cost of this debt would be $202,427 (197,259 x 1·0262). This is more expensive than using the six-month forward exchange contract.(Examiner’s note: an illustration using the interest payment due in twelve months would also be acceptable. It would also be acceptable to use six-monthly interest rates that are one half of the annual interest rates.)Other hedging methods that could be identified and briefly discussed are currency futures, currency options and currency swaps.4(a)The role of financial intermediaries in providing short-term finance for use by business organisations is to provide a link between investors who have surplus cash and borrowers who have financing needs. The amounts of cash provided by individual investors may be small, whereas borrowers need large amounts of cash: one of the functions of financial intermediaries is therefore to aggregate invested funds in order to meet the needs of borrowers. In so doing, they provide a convenient and readily accessible route for business organisations to obtain necessary funds.Small investors are likely to be averse to losing any capital value, so financial intermediaries will assume the risk of loss on short-term funds borrowed by business organisations, either individually or by pooling risks between financial intermediaries.This aspect of the role of financial intermediaries is referred to as risk transformation. Financial intermediaries also offer maturity transformation, in that investors can deposit funds for a long period of time while borrowers may require funds on a short-term basis only, and vice versa. In this way the needs of both borrowers and lenders can be satisfied.(b)Forecast income statement$mT urnover = 16·00m x 1·084 =17·344Cost of sales = 17·344m – 5·203m =12·141–––––––Gross profit = 17·344m x 30% =5·203Other expenses = 5·203m – 3·469m =1·734–––––––Net profit = 17·344m x 20% =3·469Interest = (10m x 0·08) + 0·140m =0·940–––––––Profit before tax2·529T ax = 2·529m x 0·3 =0·759–––––––Profit after tax1·770Dividends = 1·770m x 50% =0·885–––––––Retained profit0·885–––––––Forecast statement of financial position$m$mNon-current assets22·00Current assetsInventory3·66T rade receivables3·09–––––6·75––––––T otal assets28·75––––––Equity finance:$m$mOrdinary shares5·00Reserves8·39–––––13·39Bank loan10·00––––––23·39Current liabilitiesT rade payables2·49Overdraft2·87–––––5·36––––––T otal liabilities28·75––––––WorkingsInventory = 12·141m x (110/365) = $3·66mT rade receivables = 17·344m x (65/365) = $3·09mT rade payables = 12·141m x (75/365) = $2·49mReserves = 7·5m + 0·885m = $8·39mOverdraft = 28·75m – 23·39m – 2·49 = $2·87m (balancing figure)(c)Working capital financing policies can be classified into conservative, moderate (or matching) and aggressive, depending onthe extent to which fluctuating current assets and permanent current assets are financed by short-term sources of finance.Permanent current assets are the core level of investment in current assets needed to support a given level of business activity or turnover, while fluctuating current assets are the changes in the levels of current assets arising from the unpredictable nature of some aspects of business activity.A conservative working capital financing policy uses long-term funds to finance non-current assets and permanent currentassets, as well as a proportion of fluctuating current assets. This policy is less risky and less profitable than an aggressiveworking capital financing policy, which uses short-term funds to finance fluctuating current assets and a proportion of permanent current assets as well. Between these two extremes lies the moderate (or matching) policy, which uses long-term funds to finance long-term assets (non-current assets and permanent current assets) and short-term funds to finance short-term assets (fluctuating current assets).The current statement of financial position shows that APX Co uses trade payables and an overdraft as sources of short-term finance. In terms of the balance between short- and long-term finance, 89% of current assets (100 x 4·1/4·6) are financed from short-term sources and only 11% are financed from long-term sources. Since a high proportion of current assets are permanent in nature, this appears to be a very aggressive working capital financing policy which carries significant risk. If the overdraft were called in, for example, APX Co might have to turn to more expensive short-term financing.The forecast statement of financial position shows a lower reliance on short-term finance, since 79% of current assets (100 x 5·36/6·75) are financed from short-term sources and 21% are financed from long-term sources. This decreased reliance on an aggressive financing policy is sensible, although with a forecast interest coverage ratio of only 3·7 times (3·469/0·94), APX Co has little scope for taking on more long-term debt. An increase in equity funding to decrease reliance on short-term finance could be considered.(d)Working capital managementFinancial analysis shows deterioration in key working capital ratios. The inventory turnover period is expected to increase from81 days to 110 days, the trade receivables period is expected to increase from 50 days to 65 days and the trade payablesperiod is expected to increase from 64 days to 75 days. It is also a cause for concern here that the values of these working capital ratios for the next year are forecast, i.e. APX Co appears to be anticipating a worsening in its working capital position.The current and forecast values could be compared to average or sector values in order to confirm whether this is in fact the case.Because current assets are expected to increase by more than current liabilities, the current ratio and the quick ratio are both expected to increase in the next year, the current ratio from 1·12 times to 1·26 times and the quick ratio from 0·54 times to 0·58 times. Again, comparison with sector average values for these ratios would be useful in making an assessment of the working capital management of APX Co. The balance between trade payables and overdraft finance is approximately the same in both years (trade payables are 46% of current liabilities in the current statement of financial position and 47% of current liabilities in the forecast statement of financial position), although reliance on short-term finance is expected to fall slightly in the next year.The deteriorating working capital position may be linked to an expected deterioration in the overall financial performance of APX Co. For example, the forecast gross profit margin (30%) and net profit margin (20%) are both less than the current values of these ratios (32% and 23% respectively), and despite the increase in turnover, return on capital employed (ROCE) is expected to fall from 16·35% to 14·83%.AnalysisExtracts from current income statement:$mT urnover16·00Cost of sales10·88–––––Gross profit5·12Other expenses1·44–––––Net profit3·68–––––Current ForecastGross profit margin (100 x 5·12/16·00)32%30%Net profit margin (100 x 3·68/16·00)23%20%ROCE(100 x 3·68/22·5)16·35%(100 x 3·469/23·39)14·83%Inventory period (365 x 2·4/10·88)81 days110 daysReceivables period (365 x 2·2/16·00)50 days65 daysPayables period (365 x 1·9/10·88)64 days75 daysCurrent ratio(4·6/4·1)1·12 times(6·75/5·36)1·26 timesQuick ratio(2·2/4·1)0·54 times(3·09/5·36)0·58 timesFundamentals Level –Skills Module, Paper F9Financial Management December 2009 Marking SchemeMarks Marks1(a)Present value of lease rentals2Present value of lease rental tax benefits1Present value of cost of leasing1Investment and scrap values1Licence fee1Capital allowance tax benefits2Licence fee tax benefits1Present value of cost of borrowing to buy1Appropriate decision on leasing versus buying1–––11(b)Inflated cost savings2T ax liabilities1Present values of net cash flows1Net present value1Advice on acceptability of investment1–––6(c)Definition of equivalent cost or benefit1Relevant discussion1Appropriate illustration1–––3(d)Capital rationing1–2Divisible projects and profitability index2–3Indivisible projects and combinations1–2–––Maximum5–––252(a)Calculation of cost of debt of Bond A3(b)T erm structure of interest rates1–2Liquidity preference theory1–2Expectations theory1–2Market segmentation theory1–2Other relevant discussion1–2–––Maximum6(c)Cost of equity2Dividend growth rate1Share price using dividend growth model2Capital gearing2Weighted average cost of capital2–––9(d)Dividend irrelevance3–4Dividend relevance3–4–––Maximum7–––25Marks Marks 3(a)Amount of equity finance to be raised in dollars1 Rights issue price1Theoretical ex rights price2–––4(b)Current EPS1Increase in PBIT from investment1Interest on bond issue1Revised dollar profit after tax2Revised EPS1Revised share price using PER method1Comment on effect on shareholder wealth1–3–––Maximum9(c)T ransaction risk1–2T ranslation risk1–2Link to question1–2–––Maximum4(d)Euro account1Forward market hedge1Illustration of forward market hedge1–2Money-market hedge1Illustration of money-market hedge1–2Other hedging strategies, including derivatives1–2–––Maximum8–––25 4(a)Relevant discussion on financial intermediaries4(b)Gross profit1Net profit1Profit before tax1Retained profit1Inventory1T rade receivables1T rade payables1Reserves1Overdraft1Layout and format1–––Maximum9(c)Working capital financing policies2–3Financial analysis1–2Working capital financing policy of company2–3–––Maximum6(d)Discussion of working capital management3–4Financial analysis2–4–––Maximum6–––25。

2009年ACCAP1-P3真题答案

2009年ACCA P1-P3真题答案Professional Level – Essentials Module, Paper P1 Professional Accountant December 2009 Answers 1 (a) Seven-step (AAA) modelStep 1: What are the facts of the case?The facts are that the Mary Jane, one of the company’s ships, has sunk and that one contributory cause of the disaster was that the ship had not received the necessary modifications for operating in the rougher seas between Eastport and Northport. Had the recommended structural changes been made, the Mary Jane would not have sunk.Step 2: What are the ethical issues in the case?The ethical issues are whether to disclose the information publicly, thereby providing bereaved families with a better explanation of why their loved ones died (and potentially opening the company up to greater liability), or to conceal the information, thereby limiting the value of any punitive damages and protecting shareholder value, at least in the short term.Step 3: What are the norms, principles and values relevant to the case?The company is bound by the norms and expectations of its stock exchange and it has voluntarily claimed to have ‘the highest standards of corporate ethics’, particularly valuing its reputation for ‘outstanding customer care’. This means that it owes an implicit and explicit duty of care to both its customers and its shareholders. As a company that seemingly values its reputation as a well-governed organisation, it is also bound by the underlying principles of corporate governance that include integrity, probity and transparency. Health and safety issues are also very important in all shipping operations and Sea Ships should ensure that all of its ferries are compliant with the highest health and safety standards.Step 4: What are the alternative courses of action?Alternative 1 is to disclose the information about the advice on structural work to the Mary Jane to the media, the government and the bereaved families. Alternative 2 is to seek to suppress the information within the company and hope that there is no leak.Step 5: What course of action is most consistent with the norms, values and principles identified in step 3?The information is material to a number of parties’ better understanding of why the Mary Jane sank. The bereaved families, maritime accident investigators, the government, the ship’s insurers and other shipping companies would all benefit from having the information. Disclosure would seem to be the most appropriate course of action notwithstanding the potentially unfortunate consequences for Sea Ships Company of this information leaking out. However, disclosure may result in greater penalties which will be harmful to shareholder value.Step 6: What are the consequences of each possible course of action?If the company makes the disclosure, there is a risk that the punitive damages (not yet agreed by the court) would be higher. The case says that ‘the size of [the punitive damages] would ... reflect the scale of Sea Ships’ negligence in contributing to the disaster’. A large enough fine would threaten future cash flows and hence future shareholder value. It would also threaten employees’ jobs and the ability of the company to continue to provide the existing level of service to customers. Disclosure would potentially invalidate any insurance policy they had to deal with such a disaster, further harming shareholder value.If the company were to suppress the information, then each person in possession of the knowledge would not only have to examine his or her own responsibilities in the matter but each would also have potentially damaging information if they were to leave Sea Ships or become disillusioned with it. The consultant who recommended the upgrade will also be a potentially major risk in the leaking of the information.Step 7: What is the decision?Alternative 1 is that the company should make a full and detailed disclosure, probably with an acceptance of full responsibility for the failure to make the necessary amendments to the ship. This would be a very costly choice but would be consistent with the company’s claimed ethical values and also with the important core values of corporate governance (integrity, transparency, etc).Alternative 2 is to suppress the information and take all necessary measures to ensure that it is not revealed. This would be a very risky option as the cost to the company and to the directors personally, if the information was ever to emerge, would be very serious. It would also be against the letter and spirit of the core values of corporate governance. It would be unlikely to protect shareholder value in the longer term, is the least ethical of the options and so should be avoided. [Tutorial note: it is possible to argue for suppression of the report in the short term protection of shareholder value. Allow some marks for logic of reasoning process if coherently argued but alignment with the stated values of the company does not allow for suppression as a final decision.] (b) Identify and analyse the internal control failures at Sea Ships Company and on the Mary Jane The case describes internal control failures both on the Mary Jane herself and also at Sea Ships’head office.The company ignored important advice about necessary structural changes needed to the Mary Jane to make her seaworthy for the Northport route. If there was an internal procedure for processing advice, presumably as a part of an economic evaluation of transferring the Mary Jane to the Northport route, then it was clearly ineffective. The document identified a major risk, but had been suppressed within the company and not brought to the attention of any party who could have authorised this to go ahead.At head office, an ‘oversight in the company’s legal department’ resulted in the full value of the Mary Jane’s liabilities not being insured. Presumably a human error, this created uninsured liabilities for Sea Ships after the Mary Jane sank. All insurance policies should be reviewed annually and major changes in cover or changes of terms be recommended to the board so that issues like this do not arise. All insurance policies should be reviewed annually and major changes in cover or changes of terms be recommended to the board so that issues like this do not arise. On the Mary Jane herself, lax internal controls produced four internal control problems. There should be a ‘safety first’ culture on board all ships in which safety considerations outweigh all commercial issues such as meeting schedules.First, a system put in place to ensure that each department head signalled readiness for sea departure was abandoned. This is an example of a ‘reporting by exception’ system being wrongly assumed to be appropriate. Internal control reporting systems are there because they are important and the fact that they may be inconvenient should not be a reason for abandoning them.Second, there was a ‘mistake’ in loading vehicles onto the car deck. A sound internal control system would have ensured that such a mistake could not have happened, possibly using physical ‘fit’ issues of loading ramps, appropriate signage, staff training, or similar mechanisms toensure compliance. The result of the ‘mistake’ was that it created time pressure to leave the port and this contributed to the oversight of the rear doors not being secured and, possibly, the excess speed after leaving port.The third internal control problem on the Mary Jane was the confusion over responsibility for ensuring that the rear doors were closed – a key safety procedure for any ferry. It is baffling that two people were, seemingly simultaneously, responsible for this and is a problem created by the poor design of internal reporting systems. According to the case, both had assumed that the other person was checking the doors.The fourth problem was that the Mary Jane was going too fast and exceeding the maritime rules about speed in that section of sea. This created swell and caused turbulence at the back of the ship. This, in turn, caused water to enter the ship that wouldn’t have been the case at lower speed. This was a failure to observe regulatory speed restrictions on the part of senior ship officers.(c) Contribution that NEDs might make The board of Sea Ships appears to be in need of help on a number of issues, some of which may be addressed by the use of non-executive directors.Mrs Chan’s conclusions noted that the board lacked independent scrutiny. One of the most important purposes of any non-executive appointment is to bring an outside perspective (sometimes acting as a ‘corporate conscience’) on what can at times be an insular executive culture. In the case of Sea Ships, a number of important internal control issues went unchallenged and a strong non-executive presence could have helped that.Also mentioned by Mrs Chan was the fact that the board lacked nautical and technical expertise. This is a disturbing finding as some detailed knowledge of a company’s products or operations is very important in guiding discussions about those parts of the business. The non-executive appointment of serving or retired senior ferry operating personnel from other companies would rectify this and bring the requisite level of expertise.The Combined Code in the UK (based on the Smith Report) and other statutory and advisory codes of corporate governance, specify that every listed company should have an audit committee made up entirely of non-executive directors. The functions of the committee, according to the Combined Code, include reviewing ‘the company’s internal control and risk management systems’ and monitoring and reviewing ‘the effectiveness of the company’s internal audit function’. Both of these are deficient at Sea Ships and so an effective audit committee would be a major contribution. We are not told if the company currently has one but we can assume that if it has, it is ineffective. There are legal compliance issues at Sea Ships, including a failure to enforce the observation of maritime speed limits among its senior ships’ officers. One of the advantages of any independent non-executive presence is the enforcement of regulatory and legal rules on company boards with the knowledge that all directors, including non-executives, can be held legally accountable for non-compliance.(d) Memo(i) Importance of information on operational internal controls and risks From: Wim Bock (CEO) To: all Sea Ships senior officers Date: 14 December 2009 Re: information on internal control and risks following the loss of the Mary Jane Colleagues,I know you all share with me and the other directors our heartfelt sorrow at the sinking of the Mary Jane with so many lives being lost. Our deepest sympathies go out to the families and friends of all those involved. In the light of the tragic loss, the board felt it vital to write to youall at this time to remind you all of a number of crucial aspects of internal control and risk. First, I wanted to make clear to you all why the flow of information upwards to the board on matters of internal control and risk is so important. We feel that one contributory factor in the loss of the Mary Jane was a lack of information flow on relevant issues hence my writing to you about this at this time.In the first instance, the information provided enables the board to monitor the performance of the company on the crucial issues in question. This includes compliance, performance against targets and the effectiveness of existing controls. We, the board, need to know, for example, if there are issues with internal controls on board our ships, in ports or in any other area of ships’ operations. By being made aware of the key risks and internal control issues at the operational level, we can work with you to address them in the most appropriate way.We also need to be aware of the business impact of operational controls and risks to enable us at board level to make informed business decisions at the strategic level. If we are receiving incomplete, defective or partial information then we will not be in full possession of the necessary facts to allocate resources in the most effective and efficient way possible.You will be aware that at board level we have the responsibility to provide information about risks and internal controls to external audiences. Best practice reporting means that we have to provide information to shareholders and others, about our systems, controls, targets, levels of compliance and improvement measures and we need quality information to enable us to do this. This brings me to the second purpose of this memo.(ii) Qualitative characteristics of information neededSecondly, I want to write to you about the most helpful ways in which to convey this crucial information to us. The information we receive on risks and internal controls should be high quality information. This means that it enables the full information content to be conveyed to the board in a manner that is clear and has nothing in it that would make any part of it difficult to understand. In particular I would ask that you consider that your communications should be reliable, relevant and understandable. They should also be complete.By reliable I refer to the trustworthiness of the information: the assumption that it is ‘hard’information, that it is correct, that it is impartial, unbiased and accurate. In the event that you must convey bad news such as some of the issues raised by the loss of the Mary Jane, we expect you to do so with as much truthfulness and clarity as if you were conveying good news.By relevant I mean not only that due reports should be complete and delivered promptly, but also that anything that you feel should be brought to the board’s attention, such as maritime safety issues, emergent risks, issues with ports, etc. should be brought to our attention while there is still time for us to do something about it. In the case of the Mary Jane there were technical issues with the fit of the ship with her berth at Eastport that were important and we should be made aware of such problems as soon as possible.Not all directors of Sea Ships possess the technical and nautical knowledge of senior operating personnel on board the ferries. It is therefore particularly important that information you convey to us is understandable. This means that it should contain a minimum of technical terms that have obvious meaning to you on board ships, but may not be understandable to a non-marine specialist. All communication should therefore be as plain as possible within the constraints of reliability and completeness. This brings me to my final point.By complete, I mean that all information that we need to know and which you have access to, shouldbe included. Particularly with relevance to on-board accidents or risks, you must convey all relevant information to us regardless of the inconvenience that it may cause to one or more colleagues. As we have learned at the highest cost to those involved in the loss of the Mary Jane and to ourselves commercially, the flow of information on controls and risks is of vital importance to us. Timely receipt of, and appropriate response to, high quality information is not only important to the safe operation of the ships but also to the company itself.Thank you very much for your understanding and full co-operation on behalf of Sea Ships.Wim BockChief executive[Tutorial note: candidates may express similar information qualities in different ways in part (ii).]2 (a) Director’s induction programme The overall purpose of induction is to minimise the amount of time taken for the new director to become effective in his or her new job. There are four major aspects of a director’s induction.To convey to the new starter, the organisation’s norms, values and culture. This is especially important when the new employee is from a different type of culture. Because Sam moved from a different country to join Ding Company, he had to adjust to a new national culture as well as a new corporate culture. There is evidence from the case that he misunderstood some of the cultural norms in that it was alleged that he made what he considered normal but what was perceived as an inappropriate remark to a young female employee. An induction programme including content on culture and norms may have prevented this situation from occurring.To communicate practical procedural duties to the new director including company policies relevant to a new employee. In Sam’s case this would involve his orientation with his place in the structure, his reporting lines (up and down), the way in which work is organised in the department and practical matters. In the case scenario, Sam made a simple error in the positioning of his office furniture. Again, this is an entirely avoidable situation had the induction programme provided him with appropriate content on company policy in this area.To convey an understanding of the nature of the company, its operations, strategy, key stakeholders and external relationships. For a new director, an early understanding of strategy is essential and a sound knowledge of how the company ‘works’ will also ensure that he or she adapts more quickly to the new role. In the case of a financial controller such as Sam, key external relationships will be with the company’s auditors and banks. If Sam is involved in reporting, the auditor relationship will be important and if he is involved in financing, the banks and other capital providers will be more important.To establish and develop the new director’s relationships with colleagues, especially those with whom he or she will interact on a regular basis. The importance of building good relationships early on in a director’s job is very important as early misunderstandings can be costly in terms of the time needed to repair the relationship. It is likely that Sam and Annette will need to work together to repair an unfortunate start to their working relationship as it seems that one of her first dealings with him was to point out his early misunderstandings (which were arguably due to her failure to provide him with an appropriate induction programme).(b) Critically evaluate Annette’s belief Countries differ in their employment of various types of board structure. Companies in the UK and US have tended towards unitary structures while Japanese companies and some European countries have preferred two–tier or even multi-tier boards. Thedistinction refers to the ways in which decision-making and responsibility is divided between directors. In a unitary structure, all of the directors have a nominally equal role in board discussions but they also jointly share responsibility (including legal responsibility) for the outcome of those discussions. On a two tier board, the senior board acts as a ‘kitchen cabinet’in which decisions are concentrated whilst other directors, typically departmental managers, will be on the ‘operating board’ and brought into board discussions where the senior (upper tier) board deem it appropriate.There are some arguments in favour of the adoption of a two-tier structure in turbulent environments. As the case implies, turbulent and dynamic environments change often and strategic leadership is partly about continually adjusting strategy to optimise the company’s fit with its environment.A smaller board can act quick and decisively in a way that larger and more cumbersome boards cannot. This is because meetings of larger numbers of people require excessive consultation, discussion and debate before a decision can be reached. When a decision needs to be taken quickly, this can be inconvenient. The meeting of a small number of people is therefore easier, cheaper and quicker to arrange because there are fewer diaries to match. As these arguments focus on both the efficiency and effectiveness of strategic decision-making, Annette has a strong case for supporting two-tier boards.The arguments against two-tier boards are as follows. In any complex situation where finely balanced judgments are made, such as making strategic decisions in turbulent environmental conditions, input from more people is likely to provide more views upon which to make the decision. Where, say, technical, detailed financial or operational details would be of benefit to the decision then a larger board would be likely to provide more feedback into the decision making process. The second reason is that decisions taken by a corporate board with little or no consultation with the operating board may not enjoy the full support of those key departmental directors who will be required to implement the decision. This, in turn, may cause friction, discord and resentment that will hinder good relations and thus impede the implementation of the strategy. Additionally, without a full understanding of operations, an inappropriate decision may be taken by the corporate board and unworkable procedures implemented. Finally, Annette is quite an autocratic personality and the two-tier board may be little more than a device to grant her excessive powers over company strategies and activities.(c) Arif Zaman’s understanding of his role The first observation to make is that overall, Arif Zaman has a poor understanding of his role as chairman and poorly represents the interests of Ding’s shareholders. He doesn’t seem to understand his role as intended by Cadbury, Sarbanes Oxley and other influential codes on corporate governance.It appears from the case that he cedes too much power to Annette. One of the purposes of having a separate chairman is to avoid allowing the chief executive to operate without recourse to the chairman. The chairman, along with the non-executive directors, should hold the chief executive to account.Arif allowed Annette’s views to take effect on matters such as board structure. Arif is legally head of the board and not Annette. Ding’s shareholders have a reasonable expectation that Arif will personally ensure that the strategic oversight of the board will be a matter for the chairman who is, notionally at least, an independent non-executive director.Being old friends with Annette threatens Arif’s independence as chairman. Is he acting as a representative of the shareholders or as Annette’s friend? He seems to be doing the job as afavour to Annette and seems to see no intrinsic value in his role in terms of acting to provide checks and balances on the activities of the executive board and the chief executive in particular. Arif seems to view the chairing of board meetings as optional. He said that he saw his role as ‘mainly ceremonial’ and that he ‘chaired some board meetings when he was available’. Both of these attitudes are inappropriate and demonstrate an underestimation of the importance of the chairman in leading the company and its strategy.3(a) This question asks candidates to analyse the business analysis certification training industry (BACTI) in Erewhon using Porter’s five forces framework. This is the preferred approach of Xenon, the company commissioned to undertake the study. In this context it seems a reasonable model to use. The forces ultimately determine the profit potential of the industry and ABCL will be keen to invest in an industry where there is long-term return on its investment. The framework also helps identify how a potential new entrant (such as ABCL) might position itself in the industry. The five forces driving industry competition are the threat of entrants, the threat of substitute products or services, the bargaining power of suppliers, the bargaining power of buyers and the competitive rivalry between existing firms in the industry. Looking at each of these in turn: The threat of entryNew entrants to an industry bring new capacity. Existing suppliers stand to lose market share and have their profitability eroded. In the context of ABCL, the threat of entry is a particularly significant issue because they are, themselves, threatening to enter the industry. Consequently they need to understand the barriers to entry to see if they are sufficient to deter or delay their potential entrance. Furthermore, an understanding of these barriers will give them an understanding of how likely it is that other companies will consider entering the industry. If barriers are high then the threat of entry is low.In the context of the scenario, the main barriers appear to be:Access to supply channels. The industry is dominated by three established providers who know the industry very well and have established relationships with key suppliers of expertise; the lecturing staff. In two instances, CATalyst and Batrain, lecturers are full-time employees with attractive salary packages, share options and generous benefits. In the case of Ecoba Ltd, the company promotes the images and expertise of the high-profile presenters that it uses. Although these presenters are on sub-contract, they feel secure about the arrangement. As one of them commented ‘students are attracted to the company because they know I will be teaching a certain module. I suppose I could be substituted by a cheaper resource, but the students would soon complain that they had been misled.’The fees of 60% of all students are paid for by their employer. The three established suppliers have good relationships with the major corporate customers and, in some cases, have set up infrastructure (dedicated training sessions, personalised websites) to support these contracts.Although corporate customers do switch provider (see later), it might be difficult, in the short term, for ABCL to gain corporate clients.Expected retaliation is an accepted barrier to entry. The industry in Erewhon has a history of vigorous retaliation to entrants. The scenario mentions that ABCL has commissioned the study from Xenon because of the well documented experience of another Arcadian company, Megatrain. Megatrain’s proposed entry into this market place was met by price-cutting and promotional campaigns from the established suppliers. This was supported by a campaign to discredit the CEO of Megatrain and to highlight its foreign ownership. Porter makes the point that there is a strong likelihood of retaliation where there are established firms with great commitment to the industry and who are relatively illiquid. This is supported by evidence from Ecoba’s balance sheet where goodwill and property are both significant assets.The cost and time taken to achieve gold level certification may also deter ABCL from entering the industry. All three main providers currently have EIoBA’s gold standard. To be a creditable alternative, ABCL has to achieve this level of certification. Evidence from the case study suggests that it takes at least one year to achieve this certification. In the meantime ABCL will be trading at a disadvantage.The three providers dominating the industry have well-established brands, supported by extensive marketing. ABCL will have to invest heavily to overcome existing customer loyalties and to build up a brand that appears to be a credible player in the industry. This will require time, and investment in building a brand name is particularly risky since, as Porter explicitly recognised ‘it has no salvage value if entry fails’. However, there are only 15 major corporate customers. ABCL could target these to gain market share. It is possible that ABCL already works with these customers in Arcadia, and they may also be attracted by ABCL’s e-learning expertise.Threat of substitutesThe threat of substitutes is again important to ABCL because it would not want to invest in an industry where the product or service is under threat. Substitution reduces demand and might, in extreme cases, lead to the product or service becoming obsolete.The threat of substitutes appears to be constant in this industry. There is no legislative or certification requirement to study for the examinations with an accredited provider. Evidence from the case study suggests that a large proportion of students do not attend formal classes but prefer to study on their own.The case study also mentions that one of the smaller providers has gained some success by providing ‘blended’ learning solutions where tutors provide some support, but students are expected to complete e-learning modules. In effect, these students are substituting face-to-face tuition with。

2009英语二真题及问题详解

2009年考研英语二真题Section II Close(10%)Directions: For each numbered blank in the following passage ,there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 with a pencil. (10 points)In1999, the price of oil hovered around $16 a barrel. By 2008, it had (21) the $100 a barrel mark. The reasons for the surge (22) from the dramatic growth of the economies of china and India to widespread (23) in oil-producing regions, including Iraq and Nigeria's delta region. Triple-digit oil prices have (24) the economic and political map of the world, (25) some old notions of power. Oil-rich nations are enjoying historic gains and opportunities, (26) major importers—including china and India, home to a third of the world's population-- (27) rising economic and social costs.Managing this new order is fast becoming a central (28) of global politics. Countries that need oil are clawing at each other to (29) scarce supplies, and are willing to deal with any government, (30) how unpleasant, to do it .In many poor nations with oil , the profits are being ,lost to corruption, (31) these countries of their best hope for development. And oil is fueling enormous investment funds run by foreign governments, (32) some in the west see as a new threat.Countries like Russia, Venezuela and Iran are well supplied with rising oil (33) , a change reflected in newly aggressive foreign policies. But some unexpected countries are reaping benefits, (34) costs, from higher prices. Consider Germany. (35) it imports virtually all its oil, it has prospered from extensive trade with a booming Russia and the Middle East. German exports to Russia (36) 128 percent from 2001 to 2006.In the United States, as already high gas prices rose (37) higher in the spring of 2008,the issue cropped up in the presidential campaign, with Senators McCain and Obama (38) for a federal gas tax holiday during the peak summer driving months. And driving habits began to (39) ,as sales of small cars jumped and mass transport systems (40) the country reported a sharp increase in riders.21. A. come B. gone C. crossed D. arrived22. A. covered B. discovered C. arranged D. ranged23. A. intensity B. infinity C. insecurity D.instability24. A. drawn B. redrawn C. retained D. reviewed25. A. fighting B. struggling C. challenging D. threatening26. A. and B. while C. thus D. though27. A. confine B. conflict C. conform D. confront28. A. problem B. question C. matter D. event29. A. look for B. lock up C. send out D. keep off30. A. no matter B. what if C. only if D. in spite of31. A. abolishing B. depriving C. destroying D. eliminating32. A. what B. that C. which D. whom33. A. interests B. taxes C. incomes D. revenues34. A. as many as B. as good as C. as far as D. as well as35. A. Although B. Because C. Since D. As36. A. advanced B. grew C. reduces D. multiplie37. A. even B. still C. rather D. fairly38. A. asking B. requesting C. calling D. demanding39. A. change B. turn C. shift D. transform40.A. for B. from C. across D. OverPart III Reading Comprehension (40%)Direction: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should decide on the best choice. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a pencil.PASSAGE1.Henric Ibsen ,author of the play"A Doll's House", in which a pretty, helpless housewife abandons .Her husband and children to seek a more serious life, would surely have approved.. From January Ist ,2008, all public companies in Norway are obliged to ensure that at least 40% of their board directors are women. Most firms have obeyed the law, which was passed in 2003.But about 75 out of the 480 or so companies it affects are still too male for the government's liking. They will shortly receive a letter informing them that they have until the end of February to act , or face the legal consequences---which could include being dissolved.Before the law was proposed, about 7% of board members in Norway were female , according to the Centre for Corporate Diversity .The number has since jumped to 36%. That is far higher than the average of 9% for big companies across Europe or America's 15% for the Fortune 500.Norway's stock exchange and its main business lobby oppose the law, as do many businessmen." I am against quotas for women or men as a matter of principle," says Sverre Munck , head of international operations at a media firm. "Board members of public companies should be chosen solely on the basis of merit and experience,"be says. Several firms have even given up their public status in order to escape the new law.Companies have had to recruit about 1,000 women in four years. Many complain that it has been difficult to find experienced candidates. Because of this, some of the best women have collected as many as 25-35 directorships each, and are known in Norwegian business circles as the "golden skirts". One reason for the scarcity is that there are fairly few women in management in Norwegian companies---they occupy around 15% of senior positions. It has been particularly hard for firms in the oil, technology and financial industries to find women with a enough experience.Some people worry that their relative lack of experience may keep women quiet on boards, and that in turn could mean that boards might become less able to hold managers to account. Recent history in Norway, however, suggests that the right women can make strong directors. "Women feel more compelled than men to do their homework," says Ms Reksten Skaugen , who was voted Norway's chairman of the year for 2007, "and we can afford to ask the hard questions, because women are not always expected to know the answers."41. The author mentions Ibsen's play in the first paragraph in order to?A. depict women's dilemma at workB. explain the newly passed lawC. support Norwegian governmentD. introduce the topic under discussion42. A public company that fails to obey the new law could be forced to?.A. pay a heavy fineB. close down its businessC. change to a private businessD. sign a document promising to act43. To which of the following is Sverre Munck most likely to agree?A. A set ratio of women in a board is unreasonable.B. A reasonable quota for women at work needs to be set.C. A common principle should be followed by all companies.D. An inexperienced businessman is not subject to the new law.44.The author attributes the phenomenon of "golden skirts" to? .A. the small number of qualified females in managementB. the over-recruitment of female managers in public companiesC. the advantage women enjoy when competing for senior positionsD. the discrimination toward women in Norwegian business circles45. The main idea of the passage might be? .A. female power and liberation in NorwayB. the significance of Henric Ibsen's playC. women's status in Norwegian firmsD. the constitution of board members in NorwayPASSAGE2While there's never a good age to get cancer, people in their 20s and 30s can feel particularly isolated. The average age of a cancer patient at diagnosis is 67. Children with cancer often are treated at pediatric (小儿科的) cancer centers, but young adults have a tough time finding peers, often sitting side-by-side during treatments with people who could be their grandparents.In her new book Crazy Sexy Cancer Tips, writer Kris Carr looks at cancer from the perspective of a young adult who confronts death just as she's discovering life. Ms. Carr was 31 when she was diagnosed with a rare from of cancer that had generated tumors on her liver and lungs.Ms. Carr reacted with the normal feelings of shock and sadness. She called her parents and stocked up on organic food, determined to become a "full-time healing addict." Then she picked up the phone and called everyone in her address book, asking if they knew other young women with cancer. The result was her own personal "cancer posse": a rock concert tour manager, a model, a fashion magazine editor, a cartoonist and a MTV celebrity, to name a few. This club of? "cancer babes" offered support, advice and fashion tips, among other things.Ms. Carr put her cancer experience in a recent Learning Channel documentary, and she has written a practical guide about how she coped. Cancer isn't funny, but Ms. Carr often is. She swears, she makes up names for the people who treat her ( Dr. Fabulous and Dr. Guru ), and she even makes second sound fun ("cancer road trips," she calls them).She leaves the medical advice to doctors, instead offering insightful and practical tips that reflect the world view of a young adult. "I refused to let cancer ruin my party," she writes. " There are just too many cool things to do and plan and live for."Ms. Carr still has cancer, but it has stopped progressing. Her cancer tips include using time-saving mass e-mails to keep friends informed, sewing or buying fashionable hospital gowns so you're not stuck with regulation blue or gray and playing Gloria Gaynor's "I Will Survive" so loud you neighbors call the police. Ms. Carr also advises an eyebrow wax and a new outfit before you tell the important people in your illness. " people you tell are going to cautious and not so cautiously try to see the cancer, so dazzle them instead with your miracle," she writes.While her advice may sound superficial, it gets to the heart of what every cancer patient wants: the chance to live life just as she always did, and maybe better.46. Which of the following groups is more vulnerable to cancer?A. Children.B. People in their 20s and 30s.C. Young adults.D. Elderly people.47. All of the following statements are true EXCEPT _______.A. Kris Carr is a female writerB. Kris Carr is more than 31-year-old.C. Kris Carr works in a cancer center.D. Kris Carr is very optimistic.48. The phrase "cancer posse" (Line 4, para.3 ) probably refers to ________A. a cancer research organizationB. a group of people who suffer from cancerC. people who have recovered from cancerD. people who cope with cancer49. Kris Carr make up names for the people who treat her because ________A. she is depressed and likes swearingB. she is funny and likes playing jokes on doctorC. she wants to leave the medical advice to doctorD. she tries to leave a good impression on doctor50. From Kris Carr's cancer tips we may infer that ________A. she learned to use e-mails after she got cancerB. she wears fashionable dress even after suffering from cancerC. hospital gowns for cancer patients are usually not in bright colorsD. the neighbors are very friendly with cancer patientsPASSAGE3Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage:Should a leader strive to be loved or feared?This question,famously posed by Machiavelli,lies at the heart of Joseph Nye's new book.Mr.Nye,a former dean of the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard and one-time chairman of America's National Intelligence Council,is best known for promoting the idea of "soft power",based on persuasion andinfluence,as a counterpoint to "hard power",based on coercion(强迫) and force.Having analyzed the use of soft and hard power in politics and diplomacy in his previous books,Mr.Nye has now turned his attention to the relationship between power and leadership,in both the political and business spheres.Machiavelli,he notes,concluded that "one ought to be both feared and loved,but as it is difficult for the two to go together,it is much safer to be feared than loved."In short,hard power is preferable to soft power.But modem leadership theorists have come to the opposite conclusion.The context of leadership is changing,the observe,and the historical emphasis on hard power is becoming outdated.In modem companies and democracies,power is increasingly diffused and traditional hierarchies(等级制) are being undermined,making soft power ever more important.But that does not mean coercion should now take a back seat to persuasion.Mr.Nye argues.Instead,he advocates a synthesis of these two views.The conclusion of The Powers to Lead ,his survey of the theory of leadership,is that a combination of hard and soft power,which he calls”smart power”,is the best approach.The dominant theoretical model of leadership at the moment is ,apparently,the “transformational leadership pattern”.Anone allergic(反感) to management term will already be running for the exit,but Mr,Nye has performed a valuable service in rounding up and summarizing the various academic studies and theories of leadcriship into a single,slim volume.He examines different approaches to leadership,the morality of leadership and how the wider context can determine the effcctiveness of a particular leader.There are plcnty of anccdotes and examples,both historical and contemporary,political and corporate.Alsa,leadership is a slippery subject,and as he depicts various theories,even Mr.Nye never quite nails the jelly to the wall.He is at his most interesting when discussing the moral aspects of leadershipin particular,the question of whether it is sometimes necessary for good leaders? to lie -and he provides a helpful 12-point summary of his conclusions.A recuming theme is that as circumstances change,different sorts of leadcrs are required;a leader who thrives in one environment may struggle in another,and vice versa.Ultimately that is just a fancy way of saying that leadcrship offers no casy answers.51.From the first two paragraphs we may learn than Mr.Machiavelli's idea of hard power is ______.A.well accepted by Joseph NyeB.very influential till nowadaysC.based on sound theoriesD.contrary to that of modem leadership theorists52.Which of the following makes soft power more important today according to Mr.Nye?A.Coercion is widespread.B.Morality is devalued.C.Power is no longer concentrated.D.Traditional hierarchies are strengthened53.In his book the Powers to lead,Mr.Nye has exmined all the following aspects of leadership EXCEPT_____.A.authorityB.contextC.approachesD.morality54.Mr.Nye's book is particularly valuable in that it _____.A.makes little use of management termsB.summarizes various studies conciselyC.serves as an exit for leadership researchersD.sets a model for contemporary corporate leaders55.According to the author,the most interesting part of Mr.Nye's book lies in his _____.A.view of changeable leadershipB.definition of good leadershipC.summary of leadership historyD.discussion of moral leadershipPASSAGE4Questions 56to 60are based on the following passage:Americans don't like to lose wars. Of course, a lot depends on how you define just what a war is. There are shooting wars-the kind that test patriotism and courage-and those are the kind at which the U.S excels. But other struggles test those qualities too. What else was the Great Depression or the space race or the construction of the railroads? If American indulge in a bit of flag—when the job is done, they earned it.Now there is a similar challenge. Global warming. The steady deterioration(恶化)of the very climate of this very planet is becoming a war of the first order, and by any measure, the U.S. produces nearly a quarter of the world's greenhouse gases each year and has stubbornly made it clear that it doesn't intend to do a whole lot about it. Although 174 nations approved the admittedly flawed Kyoto accords to reduce carbon levels, the U.S. walked away from them. There are vague promises of manufacturing fuel from herbs or powering cars with hydrogen. But for a country that tightly cites patriotism as one of its core values, the U.S. is taking a pass on what might be the most patriotic struggle of all. It's hard to imagine a bigger fight than one for the survival of a country's coasts and farms, the health of its people and stability of its economy.The rub is, if the vast majority of people increasingly agree that climate change is a global emergency, there's far less agreement on how to fix it. Industry offers its pans, which too often would fix little. Environmentalists offer theirs, which too often amount to native wish lists that could weaken American's growth. But let's assume that those interested parties and others will always bent the table and will always demand that their voices be heard and that their needs be addressed. What would an aggressive, ambitious, effective plan look like-one that would leave the U.S. both environmentally safe and economically sound?Halting climate change will be far harder. One of the more conservative plans for addressing the problem calls for a reduction of 25 billion tons of carbon emissions over the next 52 year. And yet by devising a consistent strategy that mixes and blends pragmatism(实用主义)with ambition, the U.S. can, without major damage to the economy, help halt the worst effects of climate change and ensure the survival of its way of life for future generations. Money will do some of the work, but what's needed most is will. "I'm not saying the challenge isn't almost overwhelming," says Fred Krupp. "But this is America, and America has risen to these challenges before."56. What does the passage mainly discuss?A. Human wars.B. Economic crisis.C. America's environmental policies.D. Global environment in general.57. From the last sentence of paragraph 2 we may learn that the survival of a country's coasts and farms, the health of its people and the stability of its economy is__________.A. of utmost importanceB. a fight no one can winC. beyond people's imaginationD. a less significant issue58. Judging from the context, the word "rub"(Line 1, Para.3)probably means_______.A. frictionB. contradictionC. conflictD. problem59. What is the author's attitude toward America's policies on global warming?A. CriticalB. IndifferentC. SupportiveD. Compromising60. The paragraphs immediately following this passage would most probably deal with___________.A. the new book written by Fred KruppB. how America can fight against global warmingC. the harmful effects of global warmingD. how America can tide over economic crisisPart V Writing (20%)Direction: In this section, you are asked to write an essay based on the following information. Make comments and express your own opinion. You should write at least 150 words on Answer Sheet 2.At present, there is no doubt that short message plays an increasingly important role in our lives . We are all aware that, like everything else, short message have both favorable and unfavorable aspects.Generally speaking, the advantages can be listed as follows. First of all, in festivals, we can send short messages to wish good luck to other people we know. It brings us a lot of convenience. In addition, short message connects its users with the outside world. For example, some people subscribe weather forecast or news short messages, with them, people’s life will be greatlyenriched.But it is pity that every coin has two sides. The disadvantages of short message can’t be ignored. We spend too muc h time on spelling our words and sending short messages that we can’t focus on our studies. Also, you will always be annoyed by strangers’ short messages one after another.As is known to all, short message is neither good nor bad itself. In my opinion, we can use it. But we shouldn’t spend too much time on it and don’t let it disturb us from our lives.2009年真题答案答案SECTION 2 21-30 CDDBC BDABA 31-40 BADDA BACACSECTION 3 41-50 BBAAC CCBCC 51-60 DCABD CAAAC。

2009年6月考试真题-法语高级（A级）：第二部分阅读理解

第⼆部分阅读理解⼆、单项选择(每⼩题1分，共10分。

)根据⽂章内容，从选项中选择⼀个正确答案填⼊空格内。

TEXTE ALa passion automobile des FrançaisPour Barthes, la voiture est le symbole même de la « promotion petite-bourgeoise ». De fait, jusqu’à la veille de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, elle appartenait seulement aux milieux riches et sa possession représente une haute valeur pour se distinguer des autres.Albert Dion, fondateur de l’Automobile Club de France, est alors le premier qui a construit la voiture à essence. Cependant, lorsque éclate la guerre de 1914, les Etats-Unis comptent une voiture pour 5,3 habitants quand la France n’en possède qu’une pour 44. Le prix d’une automobile correspond alors à 400 journées de travail d’un ouvrier français, contre 25 d’un ouvrier américain.Réalité évidente aux Etats-Unis, dès le lendemain de la Première Guerre mondiale. La généralisation de la voiture nes’accomplira en France que beaucoup plus tard.En 1949, 2% seulement des acheteurs de voitures sont des ouvriers ; ils seront 7% en 1955. A la même époque, il n’y a pas plus d’un ménage sur cinq qui possède une voiture ; on en compte aujourd’hui environ quatre sur cinq.Au cours des vingt dernières années, les taux d’équipement automobile des milieux sociaux les plus modestes (paysans, artisans, ouvriers, employés...) se sont évidemment rapprochés de ceux des milieux plus riches (cadres moyens, cadres supérieurs, avocats, médecins...) : un peu moins de 90% pour le premier groupe, un peu plus de 95% pour le second. Ce processus de « généralisation du bien automobile » s’est même étendu à la multi-possession (deux voitures ou plus parménage) qui, pendant longtemps, était apparue comme l’un des signes les plus déterminants de la différence sociale. Depuis 1973, le taux de multi-équipements des ménages ouvriers a triplé et celui des agriculteurs et employés a doublé, augmentations très supérieures à celles observées chez les cadres et avocats. Ces derniers restent cependant les plus nombreux « multi-propriétaires », avec environ 50% des ménages propriétaires de deux voitures.Sur l’ensemble de la population, on constate qu’il n’existe pour ainsi dire plus de ménages sans automobile, en dehors des personnes seules et des personnes âgées.Outre la multi-possession, le choix du modèle automobile et de la marque constitue également des indications de ladifférence sociale. Comme tous les biens de consommation, l’automobile a, outre sa valeur d’usage, une valeur de symbole. Celle-ci intervient comme élément nécessaire d’un style de vie, lequel fonctionne comme signe de possession d’une position dans l’espace. Au-delà des difficultés liées à la crise économique de ces dernières années (augmentation du prix de l’essence et des voitures, réduction du crédit...), on observe encore que la passion automobile continue. Dans la possession de l’automobile, comme dans celle d’autres biens de consommation durables (réfrigérateurs, télévision, machine à laver...), la différence sociale n’a pas disparu, mais elle devient moins évidente.1. Qu’est-ce qu’on entend par la « promotion petite-bourgeoise » ?a) La réussite socialeb) La situation économiquec) Le statut de la bourgeoisied) Le statut de citadins2. Quelle était la situation de l’automobile en France lors de l’éclatement de la PremièreGuerre mondiale ?a) La France comptait une voiture pour 5, 3 habitants.b) Elle en possédait une pour 44 habitants.c) Elle en comptait une pour 25 habitants.d) La France en possédait quatre pour cinq.3. Qu’est-ce qui était un signe déterminant de la différence sociale pendant une longuepériode ?a) La multi-possessionb) Le choix de modèlec) Le choix de la marqued) Le choix de la voiture4. Dans quels milieux sociaux, le taux de multi-équipements a augmenté le plus vite ?a) Dans les ménages d’agriculteursb) Dans les manages de cadres moyensc) Dans les ménages d’avocatsd) Dans les ménages ouvriers5. Dans quel milieu social constate-t-on le plus grand nombre de multi-propriétaires ?a) Dans les milieux de cadres et d’avocatsb) Dans les milieux d’agriculteursc) Dans le milieu de fonctionnairesd) Dans le milieu d’ouvriersTEXTE BLa violence dans la société moderneIl semble qu’en France, comme partout dans le monde, la violence soit en train de devenir un phénomène de la vie de tous les jours. Le gouvernement français a récemment nommé une commission pour étudier le problème de la violence en France. Son diagnostic est formel.Dans les usines, dans la rue, dans les conflits sociaux, dans les relations personnelles et sociales, il existe une agressiviténouvelle. Les insultes, la violence physique, le vandalisme font partie des moyens d’expression personnelle tout comme les enlèvements et les explosifs font partie de l’arsenal des terroristes. Cette violence vient souvent du besoin d’affirmer qu’on existe, du besoin d’être entendu dans un monde qu’on croit sourd. C’est quand il n’est plus possible de parler ni de comprendre qu’on a recours à la violence.La violence n’est pas une maladie nouvelle de notre société, mais il semble que nous soyons de moins en moins capables de tolérer le sentiment d’insécurité qu’elle provoque. Mais pourquoi cette panique ? Et de quoi a-t-on peur ?Des jeunes d’abord. Trois personnes sur quatre pensent que les jeunes sont plus facilement tentés par la violence que les adultes. Et beaucoup de gens citent la délinquance des jeunes comme un problème majeur de notre société. Parmi les facteurs sociaux qui sont responsables de la délinquance juvénile on cite souvent la ville. Dans les villes de moins de 3 000 habitants la délinquance des mineurs est de 2,2 pour cent. Dans celles de 50 000 à 100 000 habitants, elle est de 10,5 pour cent. Il semble aussi que la criminalité augmente avec la hauteur des immeubles. Dans les grandes villes, les enfants sont non seulement condamnés à vivre dans la stérilité du béton, mais ils sont souvent exilés de leur propre maison. En effet, il est généralement interdit de laisser les enfants jouer dans les escaliers ou marcher sur les pelouses.Souvent les enfants n’ont rien à faire et ils s’ennuient. « Ils devraient faire du sport, ça les occuperait », dit-on souvent. Oui, mais le sport est devenu, lui aussi, une activité très organisée et très compétitive. Il existe une obsession de la victoire et du succès qui contamine tous les aspects de la vie, même les loisirs. Et cette obsession du succès est peut-être, elle aussi, une forme de violence contre les individus... tout comme le matraquage publicitaire et la tyrannie de l’argent.Il semble que toutes les restrictions imposées aux habitants des villes les rendent encore plus agressifs. Il suffit de conduire dans Paris à six heures du soir pour s’en apercevoir. Dans les grandes villes on tue, on viole et on vole plus que dans les petites villes. En France, par exemple, le 3/5 des crimes graves sont commis dans les sept grandes regions urbaines.Pour lutter contre l’anonymat de la ville, certains membres de la commission ont proposé qu’on encourage les camelots et les artistes de la rue. « Camelots, musiciens, chanteurs et mimes méritent de retrouver leur place dans la rue, disent-ils. Leurprésence rassure et elle apporte une animation, une spontanéité et une joie dont les habitants des villes ont bien besoin. »1. Dans quelle circonstance a-t-on besoin de recourir à la violence ?a) Quand on a besoin d’être entendub) Quand on a besoin d’être comprisc) Quand on ne peut pas se faire comprendre dans ce monde qu’on croit sourd.d) Quand on a besoin de se protéger2. Selon le texte, quel est le facteur le plus direct de la délinquance juvénile ?a) La pauvreté des parentsb) Les mauvaises conditions de viec) La ville en béton où s’ennuient les jeunesd) La vie communautaire3. D’après le texte, quelles mesures faut-il adopter pour éloigner la délinquance desjeunes ?a) Il faut animer l’environnement de la ville sur le plan culturel.b) Il faut occuper les enfants en leur faisant pratiquer le sport.c) Il faut leur donner des cours de civisme.d) Il faut leur donner des cours de culture physique.4. Quelles sont les nouvelles formes de violence en France ?a) Insultes, violences physiques, vandalismes etcb) Cambriolages et vols de tous genresc) Enlèvements et explosifs contre des individusd) Obsession de la victoire, matraquage publicitaire, tyrannie de l’argent etc.5. Selon le texte, quelles pourront être des solutions au problème de la violence dans lesvilles ?a) Il faut augmenter le budget pour améliorer la qualité de vie des habitants.b) Il faut améliorer les conditions de vie des urbains.c) Il faut faire revenir les artistes de la rue dans les villes.d) Il faut encourager les gens de la ville à organiser davantage d’activités artistiques.三、⽂章缩写(共1题，共20分。

ACCA P3真题 2009 Dec Q2 答案解析

ACCA P3Dec Q2(a)Analyse the primary activities of the value chain for the product range at IL.IL supplies both manufactured products(crutches,walking frames)and bought-in products(mobility scooters,bath lifts).The value chain for these two sets of products is different and this is reflected in the following analysis.公司既生产产品也进货销售商品。

所以这两种模式的价值链是不同的，反映在以下分析中。

The primary activities of the value chain are:第一种活动的价值链：Inbound Logistics.These are activities associated with receiving,storing and disseminating inputs to the product.Typical examples are materials handling,warehousing and inventory(stock) control.这个活动包含原材料收货、仓储和分发等流程。

如材料处理、仓储和存货控制。

For manufactured products this concerns collection of material from scrap merchants and the storage of that material prior to use.For bought-in products,inbound logistics is handled by the supplying manufacturers.Products are stored in the warehouse.本题中生产货物包含从废品商出收集原材料、存仓需要用到的材料。

2009-2010第二学期期末考试.

第二节语法填空(共15小题；每题1分，满分15分) curiously (curious), he wanted 31. Tom looked at me _________ to know everything. various (variety) kinds of plants in the 32. There are ________ world. 33. He couldn't afford the fare, so he had to earn his by passage ______ doing jobs on the ship. remains 34. Whether it will do us harm or good still ________ (remain) to be seen. 35. She is always complaining, for she is not content with ________ what she has had. 36. When the day breaks, the soldiers found surrounded (surround) by their enemies. themselves ___________ 37. -- Must I finish my paper before 4 o'clock? needn’t You may hand it in tomorrow. -- No, you ________. a unique painter for his painting 38. Van Gogh was ____ style was quite different from others.
句子考查: (共8小题，71-74每小题2分，75—78每小题3分，满分20分) 71. It looks as if he were enjoying himself at the party. (改写) seems to be _____ enjoying He _____ _____ _____ himself at the party. 72. We don't permit the students to smoke. (改写) The students _____ _____ are not _____ permitted to _____. smoke 73. Three boys were playing basketball on the playground. (改写) There were playing basketball _____ _____ three boys ________ ________on the play ground. 74. He likes to stay alone and doesn't like to gossip with others in his spare time. (改写) prefers to rather _____ than gossip He _____ _____ stay alone _____ with others in his spare time.

2009年6月英语六级真题及答案解析

2009年6月大学英语六级(CET-6)真题试卷Part ⅠWriting (30 minutes)注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled On the Importance of a Name. you should write at least 150 words following the outline givenbelow.1. 有人说名字或名称很重要2. 也有人觉得名字或名称无关紧要3. 我认为...On the Importance of a NamePart II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions:In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Helicopter Moms vs. Free-Range KidsWould you let your fourth-grader ride public transportation without an adult? Probably not. Still, when Lenore Skenazy, a columnist for the New York Sun, wrote about letting her son take the subway alone to get back to "Long story short :my son got home from a department store on the Upper East Side, she didn’t expect to get hit with a wave of criticism from readers.“Long story short: My son got home, overjoyed with independence,” Skenazy wrote on April 4 in the New York Sun. “Long story longer: Half the people I’ve told this episode to now want to turn on in for child abuse. As if keeping kids under lock and key and cell phone and careful watch is the right way to rear kids. It’s not. It’s debilitating (使虚弱)—for us and for them.”Online message board s were soon full of people both applauding and condemning Skenazy’s decision to let her son go it alone. She wound up defending herself on CNN (accompanied by her son) and on popular blogs like the buffing ton post, where her follow-up piece was ironically headlined “More From America’s Worst Mom.”The episode has ignited another one of those debates that divides parents into vocal opposing camps. Are Modern parents needlessly overprotective, or is the world a more complicated and dangerous place than it was when previous generations were allowed to wander about unsupervised?From the “she’s an irresponsible mother” camp came: “Shame on you for being so careless about his safety,” in Comments on the buffing ton post. And there was this from a mother of four: “How would you have felt if he didn’t come home?” But Skenazy got a lot of support, too, with women and men writing in with stories about how they were allowed to take trips all by them selves at seven or eight. She also got heaps of praise for bucking the “helicopter parent” trend: “Good for this Mom,” one commenter wrote on the buffing ton post. “This is a much-needed reality check.”Last week, encouraged by all the attention, Skenazy started her own blog—Free Range, kids—promoting the idea that modern children need some of the same independence that her generation had. In the good old days nine-year-old baby boomers rode their bikes to school, walked to the store, took buses—and even subways—all by themselves. Her blog, she says, is dedicated to sensible parenting. “At Free Range Kids, we believe in safe kids. We believe in car seats and safety belts. We do NOT believe that every time school-age children go outside, they need a security guard.”So why are some parents so nervous about letting their children out of their sight? Are cities and towns less safe and kids more vulnerable to crimes like child kidnap and sexual abuse than they were in previous generations?Not exactly. New York City, for instance, is safer than it’s ever been; it’s ranked 36th in crime among all American cities. Nationwide, stringer kidnaps are extremely rare; there’s a one-in-a-million chance a child will be taken by a stranger, according to the Justice Department. And 90 percent of sexual abuse cases are committed by someone the child knows. Mortality rates from all causes, including disease and accidents, for American children are lower now than they were 25 years’ ago. According to Child Trends, a nonprofit researc h group, between 1980 and 2003 death rates dropped by 44 percent for children aged 5 to 14 and 32 percent for teens aged 15 to 19.Then there’s the whole question of whether modern parents are more watchful and nervous about safety than previous generations. Yes, some are. Part of the problem is that with wall to wall Internet and cable news, every missing child case gets so much airtime that it’s not surprising even normal parental anxiety can be amplified. And many middle-class parents have gotten used to managing their children’s time and shuttling them to various enriching activities, so the idea of letting them out on their own can seem like a risk. Back in 1972, when many of today’s parents were kids, 87 percent of children who lived within a mile of school walked or biked every day. But today, the Centers for Disease Control report that only 13 percent of children bike, walk or otherwise t themselves to school.The extra supervision is both a city and a suburb phenomenon. Parents are worried about crime, and they are worried about kids getting caught in traffic in a city that’s not used to pedestrians. On the other hand, there are still plenty of kids whose parents give them a lot of independence, by choice or by necessity. The After School Alliance finds that more than 14 million kids aged 5 to 17 are responsible for taking care of themselves after school. Only 6.5 million kids participate in organized programs. “Many children who have working parents have to take the subway or bus to get to school. Many do this by themselves because they have no other way to get to the schools,”says Dr. Richard Gallagher, director of the Parenting Institute at the New York University Child Study Center.For those parents who wonder how and when they should start allowing their kids more freedom, there’s no clear-cut answer. Child experts discourage a one-size-fits-all approach to parenting. What’s right for Skenazy’s nine-year-old could be inappropriate for another one. It all depends on developmental issue, maturity, and the psychological and emotional makeup of that child. Several factors must be taken into account, says Gallagher. “The ability to follow parent guidelines, the child’s level of comfort in handling such situations, and a child’s general judgment sh ould be weighed.”Gallagher agrees with Skenazy that many nine-year-olds are ready for independence like taking public transportation alone. “At certain times of the day, on certain routes, the subways are generally safe for these children, especially if they have grown up in the city and have been taught how to be safe, how to obtain help if they are concerned for their safety, and how to avoid unsafe situations by being watchful and on their toes.”But even with more traffic and fewer sidewalks, modern parents do have one advantage their parents didn’t: the cell phone. Being able to check in with a child anytime goes a long way toward relieving parental anxiety and may help parents loosen their control a little sooner. Skenazy got a lot of criticism be cause she didn’t give her kid her cell phone because she thought he’d lose it and wanted him to learn to go it alone without depending on mom—a major principle of free-range parenting. But most parents are more than happy to use cell phones to keep track of their kids.And for those who like the idea of free-range kids but still struggle with their inner helicopter parent, there may be a middle way. A new generation of GPS cell phones with tracking software make it easier than ever to follow a child’s eve ry movement via the Internet—without seeming to interfere or hover. Of course, when they go to college, they might start objecting to being monitored as they’re on parole (假释).注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

ACCA

新手导航：ACCA报考指南及常见相关问题汇总2009年6月ACCA各科考试通过率教材真题下载：[ACCA]—2009年6月考题及答案超级汇总版[ACCA]ACCA历年全球统考考题汇总[ACCA]—历年试题下载汇总（P1—P7,F1—F9）[ACCA]—新旧大纲历年试题下载汇总（P1—P7,F1—F9）ACCA教材下载—F1_chapter1-3(word版)ACCA教材下载—F5_word版[ACCA]—2009年F4模拟试题课件及讲义：[ACCA]—2009年12月份各科讲义下载汇总F4—公司法和商法—讲义下载09年12月f4讲义09.6 F9讲义及练习[ACCA考试]《F1 会计师与企业Accountant in Business （AB）》讲座课件下载[ACCA考试]《F2 管理会计Management Accounting（MA）》讲座课件下载[ACCA考试]《F3 财务会计Financial Accounting （FA）》讲座课件下载[ACCA考试]《F7 财务报告Financial Reporting （FR）》讲座课件下载[ACCA考试]《F8 审计与认证服务Audit and Assurance Services（AAS）》讲座课件下载备考辅导：F5复习资料F9复习资料整理分享2009年11月考官文章汇总资料2009年10月考官文章汇总资料2009年12月ACCA考试tips大全！ACCA字典会计科目中英对照经验分享：[经验分享]ACCA看书有诀窍[经验分享]中国ACCA第一人：吴卫军[经验分享]我的ACCA考试经验、教训以及建议[经验分享]F7,F9 的攻略（ACCA考试总结）[经验分享]ACCA考试高手的经验[经验分享]ACCA考试技巧与学习方法[经验分享]ACCA工作经验－work Experience[经验分享]—ACCA考试试题的特点及做题技巧分析[经验分享]—ACCA考试技巧与学习方法![经验分享]—ACCA三遍循环法[经验分享]—ACCA考试实战攻略(1)[经验分享]—ACCA考试实战攻略(2)[ACCA考试]《F3 财务会计 Financial Accounting （FA）》讲座课件下载ACCA F6 真题[ACCA]ACCA各Paper考官一览表[ACCA考试]《F1 会计师与企业 Accountant in Business （AB）》讲座课件下载[ACCA考试]2007年12月开始执行的新大纲的模拟试题[ACCA]ACCA历年全球统考考题汇总[ACCA]教材相关问题汇总[转贴]我是这样考过ACCA的(word版)[转贴]ACCA考试经验及P1.2－P2.2攻略（完整下载版）[转帖]ACCA看书有诀窍[转帖]中国ACCA第一人：吴卫军[转帖]我的ACCA考试经验、教训以及建议[ACCA考试]《F8 审计与认证服务 Audit and Assurance Services（AAS）》讲座课件下载[ACCA考试]《F2 管理会计 Management Accounting（MA）》讲座课件下载[ACCA考试]《F7 财务报告 Financial Reporting （FR）》讲座课件下载[ACCA]ACCA 考试报考指南ACCA 考试介绍特许公认会计师公会(The Association of Chartered Certified Accountants,简称ACCA) 成立于1904年，是目前全球最大的国际会计师组织。

2009年6月六级听力试题及答案(含原文)

2009年6月Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes）Section A注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答.11. A．Fred forgot to call him last night about the camping trip.B．He is not going to lend his sleeping bag to Fred。

C．He has not seen Fred at the gym for sometime。

D．Fred may have borrowed a sleeping bag from someone else.12. A．Summer has become hotter in recent years。

B．It will cool down a bit over the weekend.C．Swimming in a pool has a relaxing effect.D．He hopes the weather forecast is accurate.13. A．Taking a picture of Prof. Brown。

B．Commenting on an oil—painting.C．Hosting a TV program。

D．Staging a performance。

14. A．She can help the man take care of the plants。

B．Most plants grow better in direct sunlight.C．The plants need to be watered frequently.D．The plants should be placed in a shady spot.15。

A．Change to a more exciting channel.B．See the movie some other time。

2009年6月应用能力考试真题

2009年6月试卷（PRETCO）PartＩListening comprehension (15minutes)Directions: This part is test your listening ability. It consists of sections.Section A (1x5=5分)Directions：This section is to your ability to understand short dialogues. There are 5 recorded Dialogues in it. After each dialogues. There is a recorded question. Both the dialogue will be spoken only once. when you hear a question, you should decide on the correct answer from the 4 choices marked A),B),C),and D),given in your test paper. Then you should mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line though the center.Example: you will hear:You will read: A)New York CityB)An evening partyC)An air tripD)The man’s jobForm the dialogue we learn that the man is to take a flight to New York, Therefore, C)An air trip is correct answer. You should make C) on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.(A) (B) (C) (D)Now the test will begin1. A)he didn’t like that computerB)he didn’t find what he likeC)The price of the computer was too highD)That type of computer was sold out2.A)To go a lecture C)Go shoppingB)go to a concert D)Go sightseeing3.A)write a letter for the woman C)Drive the woman homeB)Take the woman to the office D)Finish the report for the woman4.A)She was tried of reading it C)She didn’t think much of itB)She like it very much D)She wasn’t interested in it5 A)When he can receive the order C) When he should send the orderB)When the order n umber is D)What’s wrong with the orderSection B (1x5=5)Directions: This section is to test your ability to understand short conversations. There are 2 recorded conversations in it. After each conversation, there are some recorded questions. Both the conversations and questions will be spoken two times. When you hear a question, you should decide on the correct answer from the 4 choice marked A),B),C) and D)given in your test paper. Then you should mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Conversation16.A)Three weeks ago. C)Last week.B)Last month. D)Last Monday.7.A)Install more machine. C)Bye more machinesB)Test the machines. D)Sell the machines. Conversation28.A)Sightseeing around the city. C) Shopping in the city.B)Attending a meeting. D) Giving a party.9.A)This afternoon. C)Tomorrow morning.B)This evening. D)Tomorrow afternoon.10.A)At the party. C)In the office.B)At the meeting. D)In the hotel.Section C (1*5=5)Directions: This section is to test your ability to comprehend short passages. You will hear a recorded passage. After that you will hear five questions. Both the passage and the questions will be read two times. When you hear a question ,you should complete the answers to it with a word or a short phrase (in no more than 3words).The questions and incomplete answers are printed on your test paper. You should write your answer on theAnswer Sheet correspondingly. Now the passage will begin.11.What can visitors see at the exhibition?They can see most of the latest ____________________________of the company.12.Which section do the visitors go to see first?The ________________________________________________________section.13.For whom are the products specially designed?For______________________________________________________________.14.What’s special about the keyboard?Its keys are________________________________________________________.15.What kind of sound does the mouse produce?It produce_________________________________________________________.Part II Structure (15 minutes) Directions: This part is to test your ability to construct grammatically correct sentences. It consists of 2sections.Section A (0.5*10=5)Directions: In this section, there are 10incomplete sentences. You are required to complete each one by deciding on the most appropriate word or words from the 4 choices marked A) B) C) and D). Then you should mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.16.____Susan gets onto the top of a tall building, she will feel very much frightened.A)Now that B)Even though C)Every time D)Only if17.The chair looks rather unusual in shape, but it is very comfortable to sit________.A)by B)on C)with D)at18._______how to deal with the trouble of the computer, Martin had to ask his brother for help.A)Not know B)Not known C)Not to know D)Not knowing19It’s said that the agreement _______between the two companies last month will become effective from May 1st.A)to sign B)signed C)to be sighed D)sighing20.Many people have found _______uncomfortable to hold the same position for a long time.A)it B)this C)which D)that21.He doesn’t feel like ________a picnic in the park this weekend, and he suggested watching the football match instead.22.It was because I wanted to buy a dictionary _______I went downtown yesterday.A)but B)and C)why D)that23.Though he ______well prepared before the job interview, he failed to answer some important questions.A) will be B)would be C)has been D)had been24.The cost of traveling around the eight European countries can run as high _______$2,000.A) to B)as C)by D)for25.This book is designed for the learners _______native languages are not English.A) whose B)which C)who D)whatSection B (1*10=10)Directions: There are 10 incomplete statements here. You should fill in each blank with the proper form of the word given in the brackets. Write the word or words in the corresponding space on the Answer Sheet.26.We are not short of raw materials at the moment, but we need reliable (equip) _______ .27.For those foreign students who are interested in (learn)__________Chinese, the university offers a Chinese training program every summer.28.Before the flight takes off, all passengers (ask)___________to fasten their seat belts.29.A guest in this hotel accused one of the hotel staff of (steal)____________his money.30.We surely (find)__________a good solution to the technical problems in the near future.31.He might not have been killed in the traffic accident yesterday if he (fasten)______the seat belt.32.Following the (success)______settlement of the strike, the train service is now back to normal.33.The more challenging the journey is, the (happy)_______the young people will feel.34.With his knowledge and experience, he is no doubt (quality)_____________for the task.35.If a business wants to sell its products (international)_____________,it should do some worldmarket research first.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes) Directions: This part is to test your reading ability. There are 5 tasks for you to fulfill . You should read the reading materials carefully and do the tasks as you are instructed. Task 1 (2×5=10)Directions: After reading the following passage, you will find 5 question or unfinished statements. Numbered 36 through 40. For each questions or statements there are 4 choices marked A), B),C),D), you should make the correct choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer with a single line though the center.In Britain there is a National Service (NHS) which is paid for by taxes and National Insurance, and in general people do not have to pay for medical treatment. Every person is registered with a doctor in his or her local area, known as general practitioner (全科医生) or GP. This means that their names are on the GPs list ,and they may make an appointment to see the doctor or may call the doctor out to visit them if they are ill. People sometimes do have to pay part of the cost of drugs that the doctor prescribes. GPs are trained in general medicine but are not specialists in any particular subject, If a patient needs to see a specialist doctor, they must first go to their GP and then the GP will make an appointment for the patient for the patient to see a specialist at a hospital or clinic.Although everyone in Britain can treatment under the NHS, it is also possible for him to have treatment done privately, for which he has to pay. Some people have private health insurance to help them pay for private treatment. Under the NHS, people who need to go to hospital may have to wait for a long time on waiting list for their treatment. Anyone who is very ill can an ambulance (救护车)and get taken to hospital for free urgent medical treatment. Ambulances are a free service in Britain.36. In Britain, the National Health Service refers to___________.A) a local hospitalB) a medicine supplierC) a medical care systemD) an insurance company37. Under the National Health Service, Britain citizens____________.A) are all registered with a general practitionerB) do not need to buy private health insuranceC) can only go to see a general practitionerD) cannot call in a general p practitioner38. People buy private health insurance in order to____________.A) pay for the ambulance serviceB) receive free urgent treatmentC) see a general practitionerD) have private treatment39. Which pf the following is TRUE according to the passage?A) People in Britain do not have to pay for any kind of medical care.B) People in Britain may wait long for their free medical treatment.C) In Britain you have to pay for ambulance service.D) British private medical insurance is free.40. What is this passage mainly about?A) Private medical care in Britain.B) Roles pf general practitioners.C) Taxes and free medical care.D) Health services in Britain.Task2 (2*5=10分)Directions: This task is the same as Task1.The 5 questions or unfinished statements are numbered 41 through 45.CHICAGO(AP) ON Jan . 1, an order went into effect requiring that every checked bag at more than 400 of the nation’s commercial airports be screened（扫描检查）for bombs and weapons.Sunday was expected to be the heaviest travel day since Jan. 1. Yet spot checks on Sunday at several of the nation’s airports showed no major delays caused by the new security measures.At the international terminal for Northwest Airlines at John F .Kennedy International Airport in New York, passages waited up to 30 minutes longer than usual. Their bags were sent through giant screening machines and workers tore open taped boxes and searched through their contents before closing them up again.Most travelers simply accepted stricter screening developed since the terrorist（恐怖分子）attacks on Sep . 11, 2001, before which only 5 percent of the roughly 2 million bags checked each day were screened for bombs.The U .S. government has put an additional 23,000 people into airports to carry out the new order.Sonny Salgatar, a 23-year-old college student flying home to San Diego from Chicago, was told by an airport officer after the first pass that one of his bags was “hot”, meaning there was something he couldn’t identify and he wanted to open the bag for an inspection. The ”hot” item turned out to be Salgatar’s clothing iron.“Listen, anything they want to do for security is OK for me,” Salgatar said.41. The new measure was adopted to guard against__________.A) terrorist attacksB) luggage damageC) flight delaysD) air crash42. The word “hot”(Line 2, Para6) most probably means___________.A) heatedB) popularC) expensiveD) suspicious43. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A) Major delays were caused after the security order went into effect.B) Most passengers regard the new measure as necessary.C) Passengers complain about longer delay at the airport.D) There will be more and stricter security measures.44.What was the attitude of Sonny salgater towards the security measure taken?A) He was annoyedB) He had no objectionC) He thought it uselessD) He didn’t worry about it.45. The best title of the passage might be_______.A) Fear of Terrorist AttacksB) Latest Screening TechnologyC) New security Measures AdoptedD) Inspection of Bombs and WeaponsTask 3 (1*5=5)Directions: The following is a Memo. After reading it, you are required to complete the outline below it(No.46 to No.50). You should write your answers briefly (in not more than three words) on the Answers Sheet correspondingly.MemoTo: All EmployeesFrom: Berry E. Silver , PresidentDate:Oct.22,2004Subject: Our goals for the next yearMarketing and SalesOur present sales program has helped us to improve our sales by slightly over 15%,but I am setting a goal of a 25% increase in sales for the next year. To help make this goal possible, I am announcing today the expansion (扩大)of our Marketing Department. Research and Development(R & D)Any company in our business must make great efforts to develop new and better products. Our R&D will certainly make us more competitive. But creative ideas do not come from only R&D departments; they also come from the creative thinking and participation of all employees. One way we have begun to collect the suggestions of our employees is through our new computerized network..Human ResourcesOur company’s most valuable resources are its employees. In the years ahead I would like to see our efforts doubled in on-THE JOB TRAINING. To achieve this goal, I HA VE ASKED Barbara Johnson to head a new department, Human Resources and Employee Development, which will coordinate(协调) a company-wide effort.MemoSubject: Goals for the next yearMarketing and Sales:1) Goal set: to reach a 46 in sales;2) Measure to be taken: to expand the 47Research and Development(R&D):1) Goal set: to encourage the employees’ participat2) Channel to collect suggestion: the new 48;Human Resources: 1) Requirement set: to double the efforts in 49;2) Measure to be taken :to appoint Barbara Johnson to head 50 Task 4 (0.5×10=5分)Directions:The following is a list of terms of modern business management. After reading it, you are required to find the items equivalent to (与……相同) those given in Chinese in the table below. Then you should put the corresponding letter in brackets onthe Answer Sheet, numbered 51 to 55.A---------------collective actionB---------------competitor analysisC---------------corporate restructuringD---------------gain sharingE---------------employee involvementF-------------hostile takeoverG-------------human resource managementH-------------joint ventureI-------------psychological supportJ-------------performance-related payK-------------pay secrecyL-------------cross trainingM-------------holding companyN-------------corporate cultureO-------------board of directorsp-------------background checkingExample:（N）企业文化(H)合资企业51. ( )跨部门培训( )集体行动52. ( )员工参与( )董事会53. ( )业绩工资( )对手分析54. ( )控股公司( )赢利分享55. ( )人力资源管理( )公司重组Task 5 (1×5=5)Directions: The following is a business letter. After reading it, you should give brief answers to the 5 questions (No.56 to No.60) that follow. The answers (in not more than 3 words) should be written after the corresponding numbers on the Answer Sheet.July 20,2004Dear Sirs,Today we have received your bill for 150 name-bearing(刻有名片的)crystal vases(花瓶)which you sent us the other day.We had ordered these vases on condition that they should reach us by the end of June.But they arrived here 15 days behind the schedule.The customers refused to accept the goods because they arrived too late. Since the vases bear their names we cannot sell them to other customers. So we asked the customers again and to take the vases, and finally they agreed to accept them, but at a price cut of 30%.You may understand how we have lost the customer’s confidence in us. In this situation, we have to ask you to compensate for the loss we have suffered. We are looking to hearing from you soon.Yours faithfully,G. Pastry56.What was the problem with the delivery of the vases?They arrived 15 days_________________________________________________________.57.When did the vases actually arrive?In the middle of_____________________________________________________________.58.Why couldn’t the vases be sold to other customers?Because they were bearing_________ of those who ordered the vases.59.In what condition did the customers accept the goods?At a price cut of_____________________________________________________________.60. What was the purpose of this letter?To ask the supplier to________ for the loss they have suffered.Part IV Translation---English into Chinese (25minutes)Directions: This part ,numbered 61 through 65,is to test your ability to translate English into Chinese. After each of the sentences numbered 61 to 64, you will read four choices of suggested translation .you should choose the best translation and mark the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet. And for the paragraph numbered 65, write your translation in the corresponding space on the translation/Composition Sheet.(61-64:2×4=8分;65:12×1=12分)61. It is generally accepted that old people should have a share in the rewards for material and cultural advancements to which they have made contributions.A)不言而喻,老年人应该享有有份回报,因为他们曾经为物质和文化作出过贡献.B)人们普遍认为,老年人对物质和文化的进步作出过贡献,应该分享起成果.C)毫无疑问,老年人有实力又有文化,他们都会主动为社会和文明多做贡献.D)毋庸置疑,老年人创造过物质和精神文明,他们应该享受各种奖励62. Once there is a threat to our water supply water can quickly become the only thing that matters.A)只要水源受到威胁,水很快就会变成唯一重要的物质.B)供水一度出现危机,所以水很快就成了唯一紧缺的物质.C)供水一旦受到威胁,水很快就会成为唯一至关重要的问题.D)有一次水源曾糟受污染,水成了人们唯一不能解决的问题.63. With so many companies cutting back on their workforce lately, do you know how an employee can hold onto his current job?A)随着后来这么多的公司要进入劳动市场,你知道一个雇员对工作流动是如何想的吗?B)由于以后有这么多的公司将削减劳动力,你知道一个雇员这样去做才能保住其工作吗?C)鉴于最近如此多的公司在进行裁员,您知道作为一个雇员如何才能保住自己目前的工作吗?D)既然如此众多的公司将在劳动力市场上竞争,你知道作为一个雇员如何才能继续做好他目前的工作吗?64. Having worked as a psychologist with all kings of people, I’ve learned that successful people aren’t necessarily the ones with the greatest natural talent.A)作为一个心理学家,我与各种各样的人一起工作,我了解到那些成功的人必定不是天生奇才.B)作为一个与各种人打过交道的心理学家,我深知那些成功人士未必都是天生奇才.C)作为一个具有各种人生经历的心理学家,我深知那些伟大的天才都是成功者.D)作为一个与各种人一起工作过的心理学家,我深知成功者大都不是天生奇才.65. Caravan Inn(凯乐温旅店)The Caravan Inn is located on the way to Sunlight Hill and only ten blocks (街区) south of the shopping center on Grand Avenue. Its modern rooms and plenty of additional facilities guarantee family satisfaction. A heated water pool and hot bath are open year round and provide fun for everyone after a day of mountain climbing. A big breakfast is served daily in the Caravan Inn, but suites (套房) with kitchens are also available for families who would rather prepare their own meals.Part V Writing (25 minutes)Directions: This part is to test your ability to do practical writing. You are required to write a business letter according to the following information given in Chinese. Remember to do the task on the Translation/Composition Sheet. (15*1=15)说明:以Daniel Trade 公司市场经理李华的身份于6月15日给John Holland 先生写一封催款信,信中应当包括以下内容:1.问及Holland先生近况;2.要求Holland先生尽快支付10,000元货款,该笔款已经过期10天;3.随信寄上公司最新的夏季产品目录,希望Holland先生尽早寄来新的定单,可享受公司的优惠价格.注意:务必按业务信函的格式书写.Words for reference:优惠价格special 过期overdue。

2009年6月大学英语六级真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)

2009年6月大学英语六级真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Writing 2. Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) 3. Listening Comprehension 4. Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) 5. Cloze 8. TranslationPart I Writing (30 minutes)1．For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled On the Importance of a Name. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.1. 有人说名字或名称很重要；2. 也有人觉得名字或名称无关紧要；3. 我认为……。

On the Importance of a Name________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _______________正确答案：On the Importance of a Name When asked about which symbol can represent one’s identity, I believe the first answer occurring to most people should be their names. There is no denying the fact that it is a controversial topic whether names are important or not. Some hold the positive view. When choosing names for themselves or for their children, people generally enrich the names with special implied meanings, expecting that the names could reflect something more favorable. They believe a name reveals one’s emotion, will and ambition, and symbolizes one’s image, qualities and tastes. An elegant name which fits a person can imply psychological guidance, give him self-confidence, contribute to his success and accompany him for the whole life. As a result, they make painstaking efforts to choose outstanding names, wishing for success, good luck and more wealth. Despite that, others have voiced a different opinion that names are not as vital as they are supposed to be. A name is a word or phrase that man uses to denote and identify a specific person, place or thing. As an important identity of a person in society, a name carries no other social functions. So, there is no inexorable correlation between the sign and “the signified”. Personally, I admit that names do influence us in different ways, but any overestimation of their effects on us, as many people put it, is just a fatalist. No matter what differences names make to our life and career, their symbolic function can never be changed. As a matter of fact, names themselves by no means lead to success or professional achievements in one’s life.解析：开头段：引入话题，名字是否重要是一个有争议的话题。

2009年6月英语六级考试真题与答案

2009年6月英语六级考试真题与答案真题：Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled On the Importance of a Name. you should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.1. 有人说名字或名称很重要2. 也有人觉得名字或名称无关紧要3. 我认为On the Importance of a NamePart II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A．, B．, C．and D．. For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Helicopter Moms vs. Free-Range KidsWould you let your fourth-grader ride public transportation without an adult? Probably not. Still, when Lenore Skenazy, a columnist for the New York Sun, wrote about letting her son take the subway alone to get back to "Long story short :my son got home from a department store on the Upper East Side, she didn’t expect to get hit with a wave of criticism from readers.“Long story short: My son got home, overjoyed with independence,”Skenazy wrote on April 4 in the New York Sun. “Long story longer: Half the people I’ve told this episode to now want to turn on in for child abuse. As if keeping页脚内容1kids under lock and key and cell phone and careful watch is the right way to rear kids. It’s not. It’s debilitating (使虚弱)—for us and for them.”Online message boards were soon full of people both applauding and condemning Skenazy’s decision to let her son go it alone. She wound up defending herself on CNN (accompanied by her son) and on popular blogs like the buffing ton post, where her follow-up piece was ironically headlined “More From America’s Worst Mom.”The episode has ignited another one of those debates that divides parents into vocal opposing camps. Are Modern parents needlessly overprotective, or is the world a more complicated and dangerous place than it was when previous generations were allowed to wander about unsupervised?From the “she’s an irresponsible mother”camp came: “Shame on you for being so careless about his safety,”in Comments on the buffing ton post. And there was this from a mother of four: “How would you have felt if he didn’t come home?”But Skenazy got a lot of support, too, with women and men writing in with stories about how they were allowed to take trips all by them selves at seven or eight. She also got heaps of praise for bucking the “helicopter parent” trend: “Good for this Mom,” one commenter wrote on the buff ing ton post. “This is a much-needed reality check.”Last week, encouraged by all the attention, Skenazy started her own blog—Free Range, kids—promoting the idea that modern children need some of the same independence that her generation had. In the good old days nine-year-old baby boomers rode their bikes to school, walked to the store, took buses—and even subways—all by themselves. Her blog, she says, is dedicated to sensible parenting. “At Free Range Kids, we b elieve in safe kids. We believe in car seats and safety belts. We do NOT believe that every time school-age children go outside, they need a security guard.”So why are some parents so nervous about letting their children out of their sight? Are cities and towns less safe and kids more vulnerable to crimes like child kidnap and sexual abuse than they were in previous generations?页脚内容2Not exactly. New York City, for instance, is safer than it’s ever been; it’s ranked 36th in crime among all American cities. Nationwide, stringer kidnaps are extremely rare; there’s a one-in-a-million chance a child will be taken by a stranger, according to the Justice Department. And 90 percent of sexual abuse cases are committed by someone the child knows. Mortality rates from all causes, including disease and accidents, for American children are lower now than they were 25 years’ ago. According to Child Trends, a nonprofit research group, between 1980 and 2003 death rates dropped by 44 percent for children aged 5 to 14 and 32 percent for teens aged 15 to 19.Then there’s the whole question of whether modern parents are more watchful and nervous about safety than previous generations. Yes, some are. Part of the problem is that with wall to wall Internet and cable news, every missing child case gets so much ai rtime that it’s not surprising even normal parental anxiety can be amplified. And many middle-class parents have gotten used to managing their children’s time and shuttling them to various enriching activities, so the idea of letting them out on their own can seem like a risk. Back in 1972, when many of today’s parents were kids, 87 percent of children who lived within a mile of school walked or biked every day. But today, the Centers for Disease Control report that only 13 percent of children bike, walk or otherwise t themselves to school.The extra supervision is both a city and a suburb phenomenon. Parents are worried about crime, and they are worried about kids getting caught in traffic in a city that’s not used to pedestrians. On the other hand, there are still plenty of kids whose parents give them a lot of independence, by choice or by necessity. The After School Alliance finds that more than 14 million kids aged 5 to 17 are responsible for taking care of themselves after school. Only 6.5 million kids participate in organized programs. “Many children who have working parents have to take the subway or bus to get to school. Many do this by themselves because they have no other way to get to the schools,” says Dr. Richard Gallagher, director of the Parenting Institute at the New York University Child Study Center.For those parents who wonder how and when they should start allowing their kids more freedom, there’s no clear-cut answer. Child experts discourage a one-size-fits-all approach to parenting. What’s right for Skenazy’s页脚内容3nine-year-old could be inappropriate for another one. It all depends on developmental issue, maturity, and the psychological and emotional makeup of that child. Several factors must be taken into account, says Gallagher. “The ability to follow parent guidelines, the child’s level of comfort in handling such situations, and a child’s general judgment should be weighed.”Gallagher agrees with Skenazy that many nine-year-olds are ready for independence like taking public transportation alone. “At certain times of the day, on certain routes, the subways are generally safe for these children, especially if they have grown up in the city and have been taught how to be safe, how to obtain help if they ar e concerned for their safety, and how to avoid unsafe situations by being watchful and on their toes.”But even with more traffic and fewer sidewalks, modern parents do have one advantage their parents didn’t: the cell phone. Being able to check in with a child anytime goes a long way toward relieving parental anxiety and may help parents loosen their con trol a little sooner. Skenazy got a lot of criticism because she didn’t give her kid her cell phone because she thought he’d lose it and wanted him to le arn to go it alone without depending on mom—a major principle of free-range parenting. But most parents are more than happy to use cell phones to keep track of their kids.And for those who like the idea of free-range kids but still struggle with their inner helicopter parent, there may be a middle way. A new generation of GPS cell phones with tracking software make it easier than ever to follow a child’s every movement via the Internet—without seeming to interfere or hover. Of course, when they go to college, they might start objecting to being monitored as they’re on parole (假释).注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

2009年6月英语三级考A级试真题及答案

2009年12月A级真题16. We must find a way to cut prices ________ reducing our profits too much.A) without B) despite C) with D) for17. She didn’t know ________ to express her ideas in English clearly in public.A) which B) why C) what D) how18. ________ the weather improves, we will suffer a huge loss in the tourist industry.A) As B) Since C) While D) Unless19. We are happy at the good news ________ Mr. Black has been awarded the Best Manager.A) that B) which C) what D) whether20. It is important that we ________ the task ahead of time.A) will fish B) finished C) finish D) shall finish16-20 A D D A C21. Would you please pass me the book ________ cover is black?A) which B) whose C) that D) its22. ________ in the company for three years, Mark has business negotiations.A) Having worked B) Having been workingC) Have worked D) Worked23. Not until she arrived at the meeting room ________ she had forgotten to bring the document.A) she realized B) did she realizeC) she did realize D) does she realize24. John had never been abroad before, ________ he found the business trip very exciting.A) because B) though C) so D) while25. ________ some students are able to find employment after graduation, otherswill have to return to school and earn an advanced degree.A) Since B) While C) Because D) If21-25 B A B C BSection BDirections: There are 10 incomplete statements here. You should fill in each blank with the proper form of the word given in brackets. Write theword or words in the corresponding space on the Answer Sheet. 26. Employees are not allowed (make) ________ personal phone calls in the office.27. The shop assistant priced the goods before (put) ________ them on the shelf.28. The purpose of new technology is to make life (easy) ________, not to make it more difficult.29. The proposal about the annual sales (discuss) ________ at the next board meeting.30. Since we of the company, we see each other only (occasional) ________.26. to make 27. putting 28. easier29. will be discussed/is to be discussed/should be discussed30. occasionally31. Some domestic manufacturers are busy increasing production,losing the chance to develop more (advance) ________ technology.32. I shall appreciate your effort in (correct) ________ this error inmy bank account as soon as possible.33. If your neighbors are too noisy, then you have a good reason tomake your (complain) ________.34. Thirty percent of the students who (interview) ________yesterday believe they should continue with their education until they have a university degree.35. Measures should be taken to avoid the negative effect (bring)________ about by unfair competition.31. advanced 32. correcting 33. complaint34. were interviewed 35. (which are) broughtPart III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Directions: This part is to test your reading ability. There are 5 tasks for you to fulfill. You should read the reading materials carefully and do the tasks as you are instructed.Task 1Directions: After reading the following passage, you will find 5 questions or unfinished statements, numbered 36 to 40. For each question or statement there are 4 choices marked A), B),C) and D). You should make the correct choice and mark the corresponding letter onthe Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Google, the Internet search-engine company, has announced it will give more than twenty-five million dollars in money and investments to help the poor. The company says the effort involves using the power of information and technology to help people improve their lives.Aleem Walji works for -- the part of the company that gives money to good causes. He said the company’s first project will help identify where infectious (传染性的) diseases are developing. In Southeast Asia and Africa, for example, will work with partners to strengthen early-warning systems and take action against growing health threats.’s second project will invest in ways to help small and medium-sized businesses grow. Walji says microfinance (小额信贷) is generally small, short-term loans that create few jobs. Instead, he says wants to develop ways to bring investors and business owners together to create jobs and improve economic growth. will also give money to help two climate-change programs announced earlier this year. One of these programs studies ways to make renewable (再生的) energy less costly than coal-based energy. The other is examining the efforts being made to increase the use of electric cars.The creators of Google have promised to give about one percent of company profits and one percent of its total stock value every year. Aleem Walji says this amount may increase in the future.36. The purpose of Google’s investments is to ________.A) help poor people B) develop new technologyC) expand its own business D) increase the power of information37. According to Aleem Walji, the company’s first project is to ________.A) set up a new system to warn people of infectious diseasesB) find out where infectious diseases developC) identify the causes of infectious diseasesD) cure patients of infectious diseases38. What kind of businesses will .org’s second project?A) large enterprises B) cross-national companiesC) foreign-funded corporations D) small and medium-sized businesses39. From the fourth paragraph, we learn that Google’s money is also invested to help ________.A) start more research programsB) make more advanced electric carsC) develop renewable and coal-based energyD) conduct studies related to climate changes40. From the last paragraph we learn that the investments by come from ________.A) Google’s profits and stock value B) some international IT companiesC) the company’s own interests D) local commercial banks36-40 A B D D ATask 2Directions: This task is the same as Task 1. The 5 questions or unfinished statements are numbered41 to 45.Your boss holds your future prospects in his hands. Some bosses are hard to get along with. Some have excellent qualifications but no idea when it comes to dealing with people. Of course, not all bosses are like that.The relationship you have with your boss can be a major factor in determining your rise up the career ladder. Your boss is not only your leader, he is also the person best equipped to help you do the job you are paid to do. He can inform you of company direction that may affect your professional development.Your boss also needs you to perform at your best in order to accomplish his objectives. He needs your feedback in order to provide realistic and useful reports to upper management. But how does this help you establish a meaningful working relationship with your boss?The key is communication. Learn and understand his goals and priorities (优先的事). Observe and understand your boss’s work style. clear with his expectations, ask! Likewise, ask for feedback and accept criticism gracefully. And if he understands that you do not view your job as just something to fill the hours between 9 and 5, he may be more likely to help you.In short, getting along with your boss requires getting to know his likes and dislikes and learning to work with his personality and management style.41. The main idea of the first paragraph is that ________.A) bosses are hard to deal with B) bosses have good characterC) bosses determine your career future D) bosses must have similar personality42. In the second paragraph, “rise up the career ladder” (Line 2) means ________.A) going to work abroad B) changing jobs frequentlyC) being promoted in position D) pursuing an advanced degree43. In order to achieve his objectives, your boss expects that you will ________.A) do your best in your work B) show your management skillsC) get along with your colleagues D) write reports to upper management44. The most important factor for establishing a good working relationship with the boss is________.A) high expectations B) quick feedbackC) frequent criticism D) effective communication45. The best title for the passage might be ________.A) How to B) How to Get Along with Your BossC) How to Accept Your Boss’s Criticism D) How to Accomplish Your Boss’s Objective41-45 C C A D BTask 3Directions: The following is an announcement. After reading it, you are required to complete the outline below it (No.46 to No.50). You should write your answers briefly (in no morethan three words) on the Answer Sheet correspondingly.We welcome you aboard the Eastern Flight and will do our best to make your trip comfortable and enjoyable.For your safety and convenienceTo begin the trip, we would like to draw your attention to some safety-related details. These are also explained on the instruction card in the seat pocket in front of you. Seat belts must remain fastened while the “Fasten seatbelts” sign is on. It is advisable to keep them fastened at all times while seated. All flights are non-smoking. The use of mobile telephones is now allowed when the airplane is on the ground. During the flight the use of CD and DVD players is not allowed.For your entertainmentTo help you enjoy your trip, we provide a range of newspapers. On our MD-11 and Boeing aircraft, we provide music and video programs. On Airbus A 321/320/319, short videos are shown.Meals and drinksDuring most flights we serve you a tasty meal and drinks. Beer, wine and other drinks are served free of charge. Coffee, tea and juice are served free of charge onall domestic (国内的) flights. On domestic flights on all flights to Northern China, a snack is served.46. fastened47. on the ground48. during the flight49. video programs50. Northern ChinaTask 4Directions: The following is a list of terms related to Security. After reading it, you are required to find the items equivalent to (与…等同) those given in Chinese in the table below. Thenyou should put the corresponding letters in the brackets on the Answer Sheet,numbered 51 through 55.A - air traffic control system J - safety precaution measureB - armed police K - safety control device 安全预防措施C - crime prevention 犯罪预防L - security command center安全指挥中心D - entry requirement M - security serviceE-international criminal police organization N - security control center安全控制中心F - level of security O - security personnelG - picket警戒哨line P - valid documentsH - police station 警察局Q - security monitoring and controlI - patrolling vehicle51. A, J52. I, B53. E, P54. D, O55. F, QTask 5Directions: The following is a business letter. After reading it, you should give brief answers to the5 questions (No.56 to No.60) that follow. The answers (in no more than 3 words)should be written after the corresponding numbers on the Answer Sheet.Dear Mr. Smith,I am pleased to offer you the position of at our company starting on 16 June, 2009. I propose that the terms of employment will be those in the attached draft individual employment agreement.Please note that you are entitled to discuss this offer and to seek advice on the attached proposed agreement with your family, a union, a lawyer, or someone else you trust. If you want some information on your employment rights, you can also contact the Employment Service Office or visit our website.Also, if you disagree with, or do not understand or wish to clarify anything in this offer, please ring me to discuss any issue you wish to raise.If you are happy with the proposed terms and wish to accept this offer of employment, please sign the duplicate copy of this letter and return it to me by 1 June, 2009. In the event I have not heard from you by that date, this offer will be automatically withdrawn on that date.I look forward to working with you.Yours sincerely,John Brown56. What job position is offered to Mr. Smith in the letter?___________________________________________________________.57. From whom may Mr. Smith seek advice about the proposed agreement?His family, a union, _____________________, or someone else he trusts.58. How can Mr. Smith get information about employment rights?By contacting the ___________________________ or visiting its website.59. When should Mr. Smith return the signed duplicate copy of this letter?By _______________________________________________________.60. What will happen if the duplicate returned by the deadline?This offer will be ___________________________________ on that date.56. (The) after-sales manager57. a lawyer58. Employment Service Office59. 1 June, 200960.(automatically) withdrawnPart IV Translation -- English into Chinese (25 minutes)Directions: This part, numbered 61 through 65, is to test your ability to translate English into Chinese. After each of the sentences numbered 61 to 64, you will read four choices ofsuggested translation. You should choose the best translation and mark thecorresponding letter on your Answer Sheet. And for the paragraph numbered 65, writeyour translation in the corresponding space on the Translation/ Composition Sheet.61. If either party wants to renew the contract, it should to the other party three months prior tothe expiration of the contract. D-B-C-AA) 如果任何一方希望撤销合约，必须将撤销的理由在三个月内通知对方。

ACCA_F7int_2009_六月考题

P a p e r F 7 ( I N T )ALL FIVE questions are compulsory and MUST be attempted1Below are the summarised statements of financial position for three companies as at 31 March 2009:Pacemaker Syclop Vardine Assets$ million$ million$ million$ million$ million$ million Non-current assetsProperty, plant and equipment520280240Investments34540nil––––––––––––––865320240 Current assetsInventory142160120T rade receivables958850Cash and bank82452227010 180––––––––––––––––––––––––––T otal assets1,110590420––––––––––––––Equity and liabilitiesEquity shares of $1each500145100Share premium100nil nilRetained earnings130230260260240240––––––––––––––––––––––––––730405340 Non-current liabilities10% loan notes18020nilCurrent liabilities20016580––––––––––––––T otal equity and liabilities1,110590420––––––––––––––Notes:Pacemaker is a public listed company that acquired the following investments:(i)Investment in SyclopOn 1 April 2007 Pacemaker acquired 116 million shares in Syclop for an immediate cash payment of $210 million and issued at par one 10% $100 loan note for every 200 shares acquired. Syclop’s retained earnings at the date of acquisition were $120 million.(ii)Investment in VardineOn 1 October 2008 Pacemaker acquired 30 million shares in Vardine in exchange for 75 million of its own shares. The stock market value of Pacemaker’s shares at the date of this share exchange was $1·60 each.Pacemaker has not yet recorded the investment in Vardine.(iii)Pacemaker’s other investments, and those of Syclop, are available-for-sale investments which are carried at their fair values as at 31 March 2008. The fair value of these investments at 31 March 2009 is $82 million and $37 million respectively.Other relevant information:(iv)Pacemaker’s policy is to value non-controlling interests at their fair values. The directors of Pacemaker assessed the fair value of the non-controlling interest in Syclop at the date of acquisition to be $65 million.There has been no impairment to goodwill or the value of the investment in Vardine.(v)At the date of acquisition of Syclop owned a recently built property that was carried at its (depreciated) construction cost of $62 million. The fair value of this property at the date of acquisition was $82 million and it had an estimated remaining life of 20 years.For many years Syclop has been selling some of its products under the brand name of ‘Kyklop’. At the date of acquisition the directors of Pacemaker valued this brand at $25 million with a remaining life of 10 years. The brand is not included in Syclop’s statement of financial position.The fair value of all other identifiable assets and liabilities of Syclop were equal to their carrying values at the date of its acquisition.(vi)The inventory of Syclop at 31 March 2009 includes goods supplied by Pacemaker for $56 million (at selling price from Pacemaker). Pacemaker adds a mark-up of 40% on cost when selling goods to Syclop. There are no intra-group receivables or payables at 31 March 2009.(vii)Vardine’s profit is subject to seasonal variation. Its profit for the year ended 31 March 2009 was $100 million.$20 million of this profit was made from 1 April 2008 to 30 September 2008.(viii)None of the companies have paid any dividends for many years.Required:Prepare the consolidated statement of financial position of Pacemaker as at 31 March 2009.(25 marks)2The following trial balance relates to Pricewell at 31 March 2009:$’000$’000 Leasehold property –at valuation 31 March 2008 (note (i))25,200Plant and equipment (owned) –at cost (note (i))46,800Plant and equipment (leased) –at cost (note (i))20,000Accumulated depreciation at 31 March 2008Owned plant and equipment12,800Leased plant and equipment5,000 Finance lease payment (paid on 31 March 2009) (note (i))6,000Obligations under finance lease at 1 April 2008 (note (i))15,600Construction contract (note (ii))14,300Inventory at 31 March 200928,200T rade receivables 33,100Bank5,500T rade payables33,400Revenue (note (iii))310,000Cost of sales (note (iii))234,500Distribution costs 19,500Administrative expenses 27,500Preference dividend paid (note (iv))2,400Equity dividend paid8,000Equity shares of 50 cents each40,0006% redeemable preference shares at 31 March 2008 (note (iv))41,600Retained earnings at 31 March 20084,900Current tax (note (v))700Deferred tax (note (v))8,400––––––––––––––––471,700471,700––––––––––––––––The following notes are relevant:(i)Non-current assets:The 15 year leasehold property was acquired on 1 April 2007 at cost $30 million. The company policy is to revalue the property at market value at each year end. The valuation in the trial balance of $25·2 million as at31 March 2008 led to an impairment charge of $2·8 million which was reported in the income statement of theprevious year (i.e. year ended 31 March 2008). At 31 March 2009 the property was valued at $24·9 million.Owned plant is depreciated at 25% per annum using the reducing balance method.The leased plant was acquired on 1 April 2007. The rentals are $6 million per annum for four years payable in arrears on 31 March each year. The interest rate implicit in the lease is 8% per annum. Leased plant is depreciated at 25% per annum using the straight-line method.No depreciation has yet been charged on any non-current assets for the year ended 31 March 2009. All depreciation is charged to cost of sales.(ii)On 1 October 2008 Pricewell entered into a contract to construct a bridge over a river. The agreed price of the bridge is $50 million and construction was expected to be completed on 30 September 2010. The $14·3 million in the trial balance is:$’000materials, labour and overheads12,000specialist plant acquired 1 October 20088,000payment from customer(5,700)–––––––14,300–––––––The sales value of the work done at 31 March 2009 has been agreed at $22 million and the estimated cost to complete (excluding plant depreciation) is $10 million. The specialist plant will have no residual value at the end of the contract and should be depreciated on a monthly basis. Pricewell recognises profits on uncompleted contracts on the percentage of completion basis as determined by the agreed work to date compared to the total contract price.(iii)Pricewell’s revenue includes $8 million for goods it sold acting as an agent for T rilby. Pricewell earned a commission of 20% on these sales and remitted the difference of $6·4 million (included in cost of sales) to T rilby. (iv)The 6% preference shares were issued on 1 April 2007 at par for $40 million. They have an effective finance cost of 10% per annum due to a premium payable on their redemption.(v)The directors have estimated the provision for income tax for the year ended 31 March 2009 at $4·5 million.The required deferred tax provision at 31 March 2009 is $5·6 million; all adjustments to deferred tax should be taken to the income statement. The balance of current tax in the trial balance represents the under/over provision of the income tax liability for the year ended 31 March 2008.Required:(a)Prepare the statement of comprehensive income for the year ended 31 March 2009. (12 marks)(b)Prepare the statement of financial position as at 31 March 2009. (13 marks) Note: a statement of changes in equity and notes to the financial statements are not required.(25 marks)3Coaltown is a wholesaler and retailer of office furniture. Extracts from the company’s financial statements are set out below:Statements of comprehensive income for the year ended:31 March 200931 March 2008$’000$’000$’000$’000 Revenue –cash12,80026,500–credit53,00065,80028,50055,000––––––––––––––Cost of sales(43,800)(33,000)––––––––––––––Gross profit22,00022,000Operating expenses(11,200)(6,920)Finance costs–loan notes(380)(180)–overdraft(220)(600)nil(180)––––––––––––––––––––––––––––Profit before tax10,20014,900Income tax expense(3,200)(4,400)––––––––––––––Profit for period7,00010,500Other comprehensive incomeGain on property revaluation5,0001,200––––––––––––––T otal comprehensive income for the year12,00011,700––––––––––––––Statement of changes in equity for the year ended 31 March 2009:$’000$’000$’000$’000$’000Equity Share Revaluation Retained Totalshares premium reserve earningsBalances b/f8,0005002,50015,80026,800Share issue8,6004,30012,900Comprehensive income5,0007,00012,000Dividends paid(4,000)(4,000)–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––Balances c/f16,6004,8007,50018,80047,700–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––Statements of financial position as at 31 March:20092008$’000$’000$’000$’000 AssetsNon-current assets (see note)Cost93,50080,000Accumulated depreciation(43,000)(48,000)–––––––––––––––50,50032,000 Current assetsInventory5,2004,400T rade receivables7,8002,800Bank nil13,0007007,900––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––T otal assets63,50039,900–––––––––––––––Equity and liabilitiesEquity shares of $1 each16,6008,000Share premium4,800500Revaluation reserve7,5002,500Retained earnings 18,80015,800–––––––––––––––47,70026,80020092008$’000$’000$’000$’000Non-current liabilities10% loan notes4,0003,000Current liabilitiesBank overdraft3,600nilT rade payables4,2004,500T axation3,0005,300Warranty provision 1,00011,80030010,100––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––T otal equity and liabilities63,50039,900–––––––––––––––NoteNon-current assetsDuring the yea r the compa ny redesigned its displa y a rea s in a ll of its outlets. The previous displa ys ha d cost $10 million and had been written down by $9 million. There was an unexpected cost of $500,000 for the removal and disposal of the old display areas. Also during the year the company revalued the carrying amount of its property upwards by $5 million, the accumulated depreciation on these properties of $2 million was reset to zero.All depreciation is charged to operating expenses.Required:(a)Prepare a statement of cash flows for Coaltown for th e year ended 31 March 2009 in accordance withIAS 7 Statement of Cash Flows by the indirect method. (15 marks) (b)The directors of Coa ltown a re concerned a t the deteriora tion in its ba nk ba la nce a nd a re surprised tha t theamount of gross profit has not increased for the year ended 31 March 2009. At the beginning of the current accounting period (i.e. on 1 April 2008), the company changed to importing its purchases from a foreign supplier because the trade prices quoted by the new supplier were consistently 10% below those of its previous supplier.However, the new supplier offered a shorter period of credit than the previous supplier (all purchases are on credit). In order to encourage higher sales, Coaltown increased its credit period to its customers, and some of the cost savings (on trade purchases) were passed on to customers by reducing selling prices on both cash and credit sales by 5% across all products.Required:(i)Calculate the gross profit margin that you would have expected Coaltown to achieve for the year ended31 March 2009 based on the selling and purchase price changes described by the directors;(2 marks)(ii)Comment on the directors’ surprise at the unchanged gross profit and suggest what other factors may have affected gross profit for the year ended 31 March 2009; (4 marks) (iii)Applying the trade receivables and payables credit periods for the year ended 31 March 2008 to the credit sales and purchases of the year ended 31 March 2009, calculate the effect this would have had on the company’s bank balance at 31 March 2009 assuming sales and purchases would have remained unchanged. (4 marks) Note: the inventory at 31 March 2008 was unchanged from that at 31 March 2007; assume 365 trading days.(25 marks)4(a)The objective of IAS 10 Events after the Reporting Period is to prescribe the treatment of events that occur after an entity’s reporting period has ended.Required:Define the period to which IAS 10 relates and distinguish between adjusting and non-adjusting events.(5 marks)(b)Waxwork’s current year end is 31 March 2009. Its financial statements were authorised for issue by its directorson 6 May 2009 and the AGM (annual general meeting) will be held on 3 June 2009. The following matters have been brought to your attention:(i)On 12 April 2009 a fire completely destroyed the company’s largest warehouse and the inventory itcontained. The carrying amounts of the warehouse and the inventory were $10 million and $6 millionrespectively. It appears that the company has not updated the value of its insurance cover and only expectsto be able to recover a maximum of $9 million from its insurers. Waxwork’s trading operations have beenseverely disrupted since the fire and it expects large trading losses for some time to come. (4 marks) (ii) A single class of inventory held at another warehouse was valued at its cost of $460,000 at 31 March 2009. In April 2009 70% of this inventory was sold for $280,000 on which Waxworks’ sales staff earneda commission of 15% of the selling price.(3 marks)(iii)On 18 May 2009 the government announced tax changes which have the effect of increasing Waxwork’s deferred tax liability by $650,000 as at 31 March 2009.(3 marks) Required:Explain the required treatment of the items (i) to (iii) by Waxwork in its financial statements for the year ended 31 March 2009.Note: assume all items are material and are independent of each other.(10 marks as indicated)(15 marks)5Flightline is an airline which treats its aircraft as complex non-current assets. The cost and other details of one of its aircraft are:life$’000 estimated Exterior structure –purchase date 1 April 1995120,00020 yearsInterior cabin fittings –replaced 1 April 2005 25,000 5 yearsEngines (2 at $9 million each) –replaced 1 April 2005 18,00036,000 flying hours No residual values are attributed to any of the component parts.At 1 April 2008 the aircraft log showed it had flown 10,800 hours since 1 April 2005. In the year ended 31 March 2009, the aircraft flew for 1,200 hours for the six months to 30 September 2008 and a further 1,000 hours in the six months to 31 March 2009.On 1 October 2008 the aircraft suffered a ‘bird strike’ accident which damaged one of the engines beyond repair. This was replaced by a new engine with a life of 36,000 hours at cost of $10·8 million. The other engine was also damaged, but was repaired at a cost of $3 million; however, its remaining estimated life was shortened to 15,000 hours. The accident also caused cosmetic damage to the exterior of the aircraft which required repainting at a cost of $2 million. As the aircraft was out of service for some weeks due to the accident, Flightline took the opportunity to upgrade its cabin facilities at a cost of $4·5 million. This did not increase the estimated remaining life of the cabin fittings, but the improved facilities enabled Flightline to substantially increase the air fares on this aircraftRequired:Calculate the charges to the income statement in respect of the aircraft for the year ended 31 March 2009 and its carrying amount in the statement of financial position as at that date.Note: the post accident changes are deemed effective from 1 October 2008.(10 marks)End of Question Paper。

2009年6月四级考试真题及答案

2009年6月四级考试真题及答案Ddifferent. As the world becomes smaller and our workplaces more diverse, it is becoming essential to expand our under-standing of others and to reexamine some of our false assumptions .Hire AdvantageAt a time when hiring qualified people is becoming moredifficult ,employers who can eliminate invalid biases(偏爱) from the process have a distinct advantage .My company, Mindsets LLC ,helps organizations and individuals see their own blind spots . A real estate recruiter we worked with illustrates the positive difference such training can make .“During my Mindsets coaching session ,I was taught how to recruit a diversified workforce. I recruited people from different cultures and skill sets .The agents were able to utilize their full potential and experiences to build up the company .When the real estate market began to change, it was because we had a diverse agent pool that we were able to stay in the real estate market much longer than others in the same profession.”Blinded by GenderDale is an account executive who attended one of my workshops on supervising a diverse workforce . “Through one of the sessions ,I discovered my personal bias ,” he recalls . “I learned I had not been looking at a person as a whole person , and being open to differences .” In his case , the blindness was not about culture but rather gender . “I had a management position open in my department ;and the two finalists were a man and a woman . Had I not attended this workshop , I would have automatically assumed the man was the best candidate because the position required quite a bit of extensive travel . My reasoning would have been that even though both candidates were great and could have been successful in the position , I assumed the woman would have wanted to be home with her children and not travel .”Dale’s assumptions are another example of the well-intentioned but incorrect thinking that limits an organization’s ability to tap into the full potential of a diverse workforce .“I learned from the class that instead of imposing my gender biases into the situation , I needed to present the full range of duties, responsibilities and expectations to all candidates and allow them to make an informed decision .” Dale credits the workshop , “because it helped me make decisions based on fairness .”Year of the Know-It-AllDoug is another supervisor who attended one of my workshops .He recalls a major lesson learned from his own employee.“One of my most embarrassing moments was when I had a Chinese-American employee put in a request to take time off to celebrate Chinese New Year . In my ignorance , I assumed he had his dates wrong , as the first of Januaryhad just passed . When I advised him of this , I gave him a long talking-to about turning in requests early with the proper dates .“He patiently waited , then when I was done , he said he would like Chinese New Year did not begin January first , and that Chinese New Year ,which is tied to the lunar cycle ,is one of the most celebrated holidays on the Chinese calendar . Needless to say , I felt very embarrassed in assuming he had his dates mixed up . But I learned a great deal about assumptions , and that the timing of holidays varies considerably from culture to culture .“Attending the diversity workshop helped me realize how much I could learn by simply asking questions and creating dialogues with my employees , rather than making assumptions and trying to be a know-it-all ,” Doug admits . “The biggest thing I took away from the workshop is learning how to be m ore ‘inclusive’ to differences.”A better Bottom LineAn open mind about diversity not only improves organizations internally , it is profitable as well . These comments from a customer service representative show how an inclusive attitude can improves ales .”Most of my customers speak English as a second language . One of the best things my company has done is to contract with a language service that offers translations over the phone . It wasn’t until my boss received Mindsets’ training that she was ab le to understand how important inclusiveness was to customer service . As result , our customer base has increased .”Once we start to see people as individuals . and discard the stereotypes , we can move positively toward inclusiveness for everyone . Diversity is about coming together and taking advantage of our differences and similarities . It is about building better communities and organizations that enhance us as individuals and reinforce our shared humanity .When we begin to question our assumptions and challenge what we think we have learned from our past , from the media, peers , family , friends , etc , we begin to realize that some of our conclusions are flawed(有缺陷的) or contrary to our fundamental values . We need to trainour-selves to think differently , shift our mindsets and realize that diversity opens doors for all of us ,creating opportunities in organizations and communities that benefit everyone .1. What bothered Tiffany during an interview with her candidate?A) He just wouldn’t look her in the eye.B) He was slow in answering her questions.C) His answers to some of her questions were irrelevant.D) His answers to some of her questions were irrelevant .2. Tiffany’s misjudgment about the candidate stemmedfrom .A) Racial stereotypes. C) Racial stereotypes.B) Invalid personal bias . D) Emphasis on physical appearance3. What is becoming essential in the course of economic globalization according to the author?A) Hiring qualified technical and management personnel.B) Increasing understanding of people of other cultures.C) Constantly updating knowledge and equipment.D) Expanding domestic and international markets.4. What kind of organization is Mindsets LLC?A) A real estate agency. C) A cultural exchange organization.B) A personnel training company. D) A hi-tech company5. After one of the workshops ,account executive Dale realized that .A) He had hired the wrong person.B) He could have done more for his company.C) He had not managed his workforce well.D) He must get rid of his gender bias.6. What did Dale think of Mindsets LLC’s workshop?A) It was well-intentioned but poorly conducted.B) It tapped into the executives’ full potential.C) It helped him make fair decisions.D) It met participants’ diverse needs.7. How did Doug, a supervisor, respond to a Chinese-American employee’s request for leave?A) He told him to get the dates right. C)He flatly turned it downB) He demanded an explanation. D)He readily approved it.8. Doug felt when he realized that his assumption was wrong.9. After attending Mindsets’ workshops, the participants came to know the importance of to their business.10. When we view people as individuals and get rid of stereotypes , we can achieve diversity and benefit fromthe between us.Part III Listening Comprehension (35 Minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 shortconversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said .Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once .After each question there will be a pause . During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A),B),C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.11. A) She expected more people at her party.B) She enjoys entertaining small children.C) She threw a surprise party for her friendD) She has always enjoyed great popularity.12. A) They are not used to living in a cold place.B) They feel lucky to live in Florida.C) They are going to have a holiday.D) They have not booked their air tickets yet.13. A) He was pleased to get the medal. C) He used to be a firefighter.B) He was very courageous. D) He was accused of causing a fire.14. A) Make a profitable investment. C) Get parts for the machine from Japan.B) Buy a new washing machine D) Have the old washing machine fixed.15. A) He is pleased with his exciting new job.B) He finds the huge workload unbearable.C) He finds his office much too big for him.D) He is not so excited about his new position.16. A) The woman is going to hold a big party tomorrow.B) The man has no idea what the right thing to do is.C) The wom an doesn’t know how to get to the party.D) The man offers to drive the woman to the party.17. A) Drawing up a business plan. C) Finalizing a contract.B) Discussing a term paper. D) Reviewing a co-authored article.18. A) She ordered some paper. C) Shechatted online with a friendB) She had the printer repaired. D) She filled in an application formQuestions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A) His health is getting worse. C) His past life upsets him a good deal.B) He can no longer work at sea. D) He has not got the expected pension.20. A) She passed away years ago. C) She has been working at a clinic.B) She used to work as a model. D) She has been seriously ill for years.21. A) She has made lots of money as a doctor.B) She is going to take care of her old dad.C) She has never got on with her father.D) She is kind and generous by nature.22. A) He dines out with his wife every weekend.B) He is excellent but looks had-tempered.C) He does not care about his appearance.D) He is not quite popular with his patients. Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversationyou have just heard.23. A) The man has sent the order to the woman by mistakeB) Some of the telephone systems don’t work properlyC) Some of the packs do not contain any manuals.D) The quality of the goods is not up to the standard.24. A) Send a service engineer to do the repairs.B) Consult her boss about the best solution.C) Pass the man’s order to the right person.D) The quality of the goods is not up to the standard.25. A) Ideal. C) PartialB) Temporary D) CreativeSection BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages .At the end of each passage .You will hear some questions. Boss the passage and thequestions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C) and D). Then the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. A) It is entertaining. C) It takes lots of time.B) It is a costly hobby. D) It requires training.27. A) They can harm nearby plants. C) They fight each other for food.B) They may catch some disease. D) They may pollute the environment.28. A) Place the food on warmer spots. C) Avoid using any contaminated food.B) Use prepared feed mixtures only. D) Continue the feeding till it gets warm. Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.29. A) He will betray even his best friends.B) He is able to make up good excuses.C) He will lie whenever he wants.D) He tries to achieve his goal at any cost30. A) She made him apologize C) She broke up with him.B) She readily forgave him D) She refused to answer his calls.31. A) Buy her a new set of tires. C) Lend her his batteries.B) Help clean her apartment. D) Move furniture for her.Passage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.32. A) The atmosphere they live in is rather unreal.B) Their parents put too much pressure on them.C) It’s hard for them to get along with otherkids.D) They have to live in the shadow of their parents.33. A) He always boasts about his rich father.B) He will grow up to be good for nothing.C) He has too much to know the value of things.D) He is too young to manage his inherited property.34. A) She wants Amanda to get professional care.B) She has no experience in raising children.C) She wants to show off her wealth.D) She has no time to do it herself.35. A) The lifestyle depicted in Hollywood movies.B) The worship of money, beauty and pleasure.C) The attention the media focuses on them.D) The pursuing of perfection in performance.Section CDirections : In this section , you will hear a passage three times .When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea . When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written .Around 120 years ago, Ebbinghaus began his study of memory. He(36) .on studying how quickly the human mind can remember (37) . One result of his research is known as the total time hypothesis(假设), which simply means the amount you learn (38) on the time you spend trying to learn it . This can be taken as our first rule of learning.Although it is usually true that studying for four hours is better than studying for one, there is still the question of how we should use the four hours. For example, is it better to study for four hours (39) or to study for one hour a day for four days in a (40) ?. The answer, as you may have (41) , is that it is better to spread out the study times. This (42) , through which we can learn more (43) .by dividing our practice time, is known as the distribution of practice effect. Thus, (44).But we’re not finished yet. We haven’t considered how we should study over very short periods of time. (45).Should you look at the same word in rapid succession, or look at the word and then have some delay before you look at it again ?(46).Part IV Reading Comprehension (reading in depth) (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.Every year in the first week of my English class, some students inform me that writhing is too hard. They never write, unless assignments 47 it . They fine the writing process 48 and difficult.How awful to be able to speak in alanguage but not to write in it- 49 English , with its rich vocabulary . Being able to speak but not write is like living in an 50 mansion(豪宅) and never leaving one small room . When I meet students who think they can’t write, I know as a teacher my 51 is to show them the rest of the rooms . My task is to build fluency while providing the opportunity inherent in any writing activity to 52 the moral and emotional development of my students . One great way to do this is by having students write in a journal in class every day.Writing ability is like strength training. Writing needs to be done 53 , just like exercise ; just as muscles grow stronger with exercise , writing skills improve quickly with writing practice. I often see a rise in student confidence and 54 after only a few weeks of journal writing .Expressing oneself in writing is one of the most important skills I teach to strengthen the whole student. When my students practicejournal writing, they are practicing for their future academic, political, and 55 lives . They build skills so that some day they might write a great novel, a piece of sorely needed legislation, or the perfect love letter. Every day that they write in their journals puts them a step 56 to fluency , eloquence (雄辩), and command of language .A) closer I) painfulB) daily J) performanceC) emotional K) professionD) enhance L) remarkablyE) enormous M) requireF) especially N) sensitiveG) hinder O)urgeH) missionSection BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.The January fashion show, called FutureFashion , exemplified how far green design has come. Organized by the New York-based nonprofit Earth Pledge, the show inspired many top designers to work with sustainable fabrics for the first time. Several have since made pledges to include organic fabrics in their lines.The designers who undertake greenfashion still face many challenges. Scott Hahn, cofounder with Gregory of Rogan and Loomstate, which uses all-organic cotton, says high-quality sustainable materials can still be tough to fine . “Most designers with existing labels are finding there aren’t comparable fabrics that can just replace what you’re doing and shat your customers are used to,” h e says. For example, organic cotton and non-organic cotton are virtually indistinguishable once woven into a dress. But some popular synthetics, like stretch nylon, still have few eco-friendly equivalents.Those who do make the switch are finding they have more support. Last year the influential trade show Designers & Agents stopped charging its participation fee for young green entrepreneurs(企业家) who attend its two springtime shows in Los Angeles and New York and gave special recognition to designers whose collections are at least 25% sustainable . It now counts more than 50 green designers, up fromfewer than a dozen two years ago. This week Wal-Mart is set to announce a major initiative aimed at helping cotton farmers go organic: it will buy transitional(过渡型的) cotton at higher prices , thus helping to expand the supply of a key sustainable material . “Mainstream is about to occur,”says Hahn.Some analysts(分析师) are less sure . Among consumers, only 18%are even aware that ecofashion exists, up from 6% four years ago. Natalie Hormilla, a fashion writer, is an example of the unconverted consumer, when asked if she owned any sustainable clothes, she replied: “Not that I’m aware of.” Like most consumers, she finds little time to shop, and when she doe s, she’s on the hunt for “cute stuff that isn’t too expensive.” By her own admission, green just isn’t yet on her mind. But –thanks to the combined efforts of designers, retailers and suppliers –one day it will be.57. What is said about FutureFashion?A) It inspired many leading designers to start going green.B) It showed that designers using organic fabrics would go far.C) It served as an example of how fashion shows should be organized.D) It convinced the public that fashionable clothes should be made durable.58. According to Scott Hahn, one big challenge to designers who will go organic is that .A) much more time is needed to finish a dress using sustainable materials .B) they have to create new brands for clothes made of organic materials .C) customers have difficulty telling organic from non-organic materials .D) quality organic replacements for synthetics are not readily available .59. We learn from Paragraph 3 that designers who undertake green fashion .A) can attend various trade shows free .B) are readily recognized by the fashion worldC) can buy organic cotton at favorable prices .D) are gaining more and more support .60. What is Natalie Hormilla’s attitude toward ecofashion?A) She doesn’t seem to care about it. C) She is doubtful of its practical value.B) She doesn’t think it is sustainable D) She is very much opposed to the idea61. What does the author think of green fashion?A) Green products will soon go mainstream.B) It has a very promising future.C) Consumers have the final say.D) It will appeal more to young people. Passage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.Scientists have devised a way to determineroughly where a person has lived using a strand(缕) of hair , a technique that could help track the movements of criminal suspects or unidentified murder victims .The method relies on measuring how chemical variations in drinking water show up in people’s hair.“You’re what you eat and drink, and that’s recorded in you hair,” said Thure Cerling, a geologist at the University of Utah.While U.S diet is relatively identical, water supplies vary. The differences result from weather patterns. The chemical composition of rainfall changes slightly as raid clouds move. Most hydrogen and oxygen atoms in water are stable , but traces of both elements are also present as heavier isotopes (同位素) . The heaviest raid falls first .As a result, storms that form over the Pacific deliver heavier water to California than to Utah.Similar patterns exist throughout the U.S. By measuring the proportion of heavier hydrogenand oxygen isotopes along a strand of hair, scientists can construct a geographic timeline. Each inch of hair corresponds to about two months.Cerling’s team collected tap water samples from 600 cities and constructed a mop of the regional differences. They checked the accuracy of the map by testing 200 hair samples collected from 65 barber shops.They were able to accurately place the hair samples in broad regions roughly corresponding to the movement of raid systems.“It’s not good for pinpointing (精确定位),”Cerling said . “It’s good for eliminating many possibilities.”Todd Park, a local detective, said the method has helped him learn more about an unidentified woman whose skeleton was found near Great Salt Lake.The woman was 5 feet tall. Police recovered 26 bones, a T-shirt and several strands of hair. When Park heard about the research, he gavethe hair samples to the researchers. Chemical testing showed that over the two years before her death, she moved about every two months. She stayed in the Northwest, although the test could not be more specific than somewhere between eastern Oregon and western Wyoming. “It’s still a substantial area,” Park said “But it narrows it way down for me.”62. What is the scientists’ new discovery?A) One’s hair growth has to do with the amount of water they drink.B) A person’s hair may reveal where they have lived.C) Hair analysis accurately identifies criminal suspects.D) The chemical composition of hair varies from person to person.63. What does the author mean by “You’re what you eat and drink” (Line 1, Para.3)?A) Food and drink affect one’s personality development.B) Food and drink preferences vary withindividuals.C) Food and drink leave traces in one’s body tissues.D) Food and drink are indispensable to one’s existence.64. What is said about the rainfall in America’s West?A) There is much more rainfall in California than in Utah.B) The water it delivers becomes lighter when it moves inland.C) Its chemical composition is less stable than in other areas.D) It gathers more light isotopes as it moves eastward.65. What did Cerling’s team produce in their research?A) A map showing the regional differences of tap water.B) A collection of hair samples from various barber shops.C) A method to measure the amount of water inhuman hair.D) A chart illustrating the movement of the rain system.66. What is the practical value of Cerling’s research?A) It helps analyze the quality of water in different regions.B) It helps the police determine where a crime is committed.C) It helps the police narrow down possibilities in detective work.D) It helps identify the drinking habits of the person under investigation.Part V Cloze (15 minutes)Kimiyuki Suda should be a perfect customer for Japan’s car-makers. He’s a young, successful executive at an Internet-services company in Tokyo and has plenty of disposable 67 . He used to own Toyota’s Hi lux Surf, a sport utility vehicle. But now he uses 68 subways and grains . “It’s not inconvenient at all ,” he says 69 , “having a car is so 20th century.”Suda reflects a worrisome 70 in Japan; the automobile is losing its emotional appeal, 71 among the young ,who prefer to spend their money on the latest electronic devices. 72 mini-cars and luxury foreign brands are still popular ,everything in between is 73 .Last years sales fell 6.7 percent, 7.6 percent 74 you don’t count the mini-car market . There have been 75 one-year drops in other nations :sales in Germany fell 9 percent in 200776 a tax increase . But experts say Japan is77 in that sales have been decreasing steadily78 time. Since 1990, yearly new-car sales have fallen from 7.8 million to 5.4 million units in 2007.Alarmed by this state of 79 , the Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association (JAMA) 80 a comprehensive study of the market in 2006. It found that a 81 wealth gap, demographic(人口结构的) changes and 82 lack of interest in cars led Japanese to hold their 83 longer , replace their cars with smallerones 84 give up car ownership altogether .JAMA 85 a further sales decline of 1.2 percent this year. Some experts believe that if the trend continues for much longer , further consolidation (合并) in the automotive sector is 86 .67. A) profit C) incomeB) payment D) budget68. A) mostly C) occasionallyB) partially D) rarely69. A) Therefore C) OtherwiseB) Besides D) Consequently70. A) drift C) currentB) tide D) trend71. A) remarkably C) speciallyB) essentially D )particularly72. A) While C) WhenB) Because D) Since73. A) surging C) slippingB) stretching D) shaking74. A) unless C) asB) if D) after75. A) lower C) broaderB) slighter D) larger76. A) liable to C) thanks toB) in terms of D) in view of77. A) unique C) mysteriousB) similar D) strange78. A) over C) onB) against D) behind79. A) mess C) growthB) boom D) decay80. A) proceeded C) launchedB)relieved D) revised81. A) quickening C) strengtheningB) widening D) lengthening82. A) average C) abundantB) massive D) general83. A) labels C) vehiclesB) cycles D) devices84. A) or C) butB) until D) then85. A) concludes C) reckonsB) predicts D) prescribes86. A) distant C) temporaryB) likely D) immediatePart VI Translation (5 minutes)Directions: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets. Please write your translation on Answer Sheet 2.87. Soon after he transferred to the new school , Ali found that he had (很难跟上班里的同学)in math and English.88. If she had returned an hour earlier , Mary (就不会被大雨淋湿了).89. It is said that those who are stressed or working overtime are (更有可能增加体重).90. (很多人所没有意识到的) is that Simon is a lover of sports. and football in particular.91.The study shows that the poor functioning of the human body is (与缺乏锻炼密切相关)参考答案Part I WritingFree Admission to MuseumsNowadays, an increasing number of museums are admission-free to visitors home and abroad. The hidden reason behind this is not hard to analyze as there’s a growing awareness for the authorities regarding the urgency of popularization of culture, knowledge and history with every average person in our society. Only with free access to this live ‘database’, can most people fully enjoy what museums could offer to them.However, free admission to museums might lead to some social problems as well. The most obvious problem is that it might give museums a very heavy economic burden which directly impedes the sustainable development of these organizations. As a result, our government has to work out other ways to collect funds from different channels, which might be difficult to operate or control. On the other hand, free admission attracts too many visitors, some of。

2009年6月ACCA考试P1真题

2009年6月ACCA考试P1真题1 Global-bank is a prominent European bank with branches throughout Europe and investment arms in many locations throughout the world. It is regarded as one of the world’s major international banks. Through its network of investment offices throughout the world，fund managers trade in local investment markets and equities. Futures and derivative traders also operate. Its primary listing is in London although it is also listed in most of the other global stock markets including New York，Hong Kong，Frankfurt and Singapore. As with similar banks in its position，Global-bank’s structure is complicated and the complexity of its operations makes the strategic management of the company a demanding and highly technical process. Up until the autumn of 2008，investors had a high degree of confidence in the Global-bank board as it had delivered healthy profits for many years.In the autumn of 2008，it came to light that Jack Mineta，a Global-bank derivatives trader in the large city office in Philos，had made a very large loss dealing in derivatives over a three-month period. It emerged that the losses arose from Mr Mineta’s practice of ignoring the company trading rules which placed limits on，and also restricted， the type of financial instruments and derivatives that could be traded.The loss，estimated to be approximately US$7 billion，was described by one analyst as ‘a huge amount of money and enough to threaten the survival of the whole company’. As soon as the loss was uncovered，Mr Mineta was suspended from his job and the police were called in to check for evidence of fraud. The newspapers quickly reported the story，referring to Mr Mineta as a ‘rogue trader’ and asking how so much money could be lost without the bank’s senior management being aware of it. It turned out that Mr Mineta’s line manager at the Philos office had ignored the trading rules in the past in pursuit of higher profits through more risky transactions. Mr Mineta had considerably exceeded his trading limit and this had resulted in the huge loss.It later emerged that Mr Mineta had been dealing in unauthorised products which were one of the riskiest forms of derivatives.At a press conference after Mr Mineta’s arrest， Global-bank’s chief executive，Mrs Barbara Keefer，said that her first priority would be to ask the Philos office why the normal internal controls had not been effective in monitoring Mr Mineta’s activities. It emerged that Mr Mineta had in the past been one of Global-bank’s most profitable derivatives traders. Some journalists suggested to Mrs Keefer that the company was happy to ignore normal trading rules when Mr Mineta was making profits because it suited them to do so.Another derivatives trader in the Philos office，Emma Hubu，spoke to the media informally. She said that Mr Mineta was brilliant and highly motivated but that he often said that he didn’t care about the trading rules. Miss Hubu explained that Mr Mineta didn’t believe in right and wrong and once told her that “I’m in this job for what I can get for myself – big risks bring big returns and big bonuses for me.” She also explained that the culture of the Philos office was driven by Mr Mineta’s line manager，Juan Evora. She said that Mr Evora knew that Mr Mineta was breaking trading rules but was also very profits driven and kept compliance information from head office so that the nature of Mr Mineta’s trading was not uncovered. The compliance information was required by head office but several failures to return the information had not been acted upon by head office. Mr Evora’s bonus was directly linked to the size of the Philos office’s profits and all of the derivatives traders，including Mr Mineta，were regularly reminded about the importance of taking risks to make big returns. Miss Hubu said that trading rules were not enforced and that head office never got involved in what went on in Philos as long as the annual profits from the Philos derivative traders were at or above expectations.It emerged that the lack of correct information from Philos and elsewhere meant that Global-bank’s annual report statement of internal control effectiveness was not accurate and gave an unduly favourable impression of the company’s internalcontrols. In addition，the company’s audit committee had been recently criticised by the external auditors for a lack of thoroughness. Also，the audit committee had recently lost two non-executive members that had not been replaced.The amount lost by Mr Mineta made it necessary to refinance the Global-bank business and when the board recommended a US$5 billion rights issue，some of the institutional investors demanded an extraordinary general meeting（EGM）.Global-bank’s largest single shareholder，the Shalala Pension Fund，that held 12% of the shares，was furious about the losses and wanted an explanation from Mrs Keefer on why internal controls were so ineffective. When the Shalala trustees met after the losses had been reported，it was decided to write an urgent letter to Mrs Keefer expressing the trustees’ disappointment at her role in the internal control failures at Global-bank. The letter would be signed by Millau Haber， the chairman of the Shalala trustees.At the EGM，Mrs Keefer made a statement on behalf of the Global-bank board. In it she said that Mineta had been a rogue trader who had wilfully disregarded the company’s internal controls and was，in breaking the company’s trading rules，criminally responsible for the theft of company assets. She denied that the main Global-bank board had any responsibility for the loss and said that it was a‘genuinely unforeseeable’ situation.（a） Kohlberg’s theory of the development of moral reasoning contains three levels， with each level containing two stages or ‘planes’。

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2009年6月ACCA考试真题：Part II真题答案(9)
本文由高顿ACCA整理发布，转载请注明出处
（iii）Vehicle sales
Carpart sells vehicles on a contract for their market price （approximately $20，000 each）at a mark-up of 25% on cost. The expected life of each vehicle is five years. After four years，the car is repurchased by Carpart at 20% of its original selling price. This price is expected to be significantly less than its fair value. The car must be maintained and serviced by the customer in accordance with certain guidelines and must be in good condition if Carpart is to repurchase the vehicle.
The same vehicles are also sold with an option that can be exercised by the buyer two years after sale. Under this option，the customer has the right to ask Carpart to repurchase the vehicle for 70% of its original purchase price. It is thought that the buyers will exercise the option. At the end of two years，the fair value of the vehicle is expected to be 55% of the original purchase price. If the option is not exercised，then the buyer keeps the vehicle.
Carpart also uses some of its vehicles for demonstration purposes. These vehicles are normally used for this purpose for an eighteen-month period. After this period，the vehicles are sold at a reduced price based upon their condition and mileage. （10 marks）
Professional marks will be awarded in question 3 for clarity and quality of discussion. （2 marks）
Required：
Discuss how the above transactions would be accounted for under International Financial Reporting Standards in the financial statements of Carpart.
Note. The mark allocation is shown against each of the arrangements above.
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