2012年高考英语功能意念项目表
2012年高考考试大纲(课程标)——英语
2012年高考考试大纲（课程标）——英语Ⅰ考试性质普通高等学校招生全国统一考试是合格的高中毕业生和具有同等学力的考生参加的选拔性考试。
高等学校根据考生成绩，按已确定的招生计划，德、智、体全面衡量，择优录取。
因此，高考应具有较高的信度、效度，适当的难度和必要的区分度。
Ⅱ考试内容和要求根据普通高等学校对新生文化素质的要求，依据中华人民共和国教育部2003年颁布的《普通高中课程方案（实验）》和《普通高中英语课程标准（实验）》，确定本学科考试内容。
考核目标与要求一、语言知识要求考生掌握并能运用英语语音、词汇、语法基础知识以及所学功能意念和话题（见附录1—附录5），要求词汇量为3500左右。
（注：各省区可以根据本地实际情况在《考试说明》中对词汇量进行适当调整，但不得低于2000个单词；同时，应制订计划，在一定时间内分期、分批增加至3500个单词。
）二、语言运用1．听力要求考生能听懂所熟悉话题的简短独白和对话。
考生应能：（1）理解主旨和要义；（2）获取具体的、事实性信息；（3）对所听内容作出推断；（4）理解说话者的意图、观点和态度。
2．阅读要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。
考生应能：（1）理解主旨和要义；（2）理解文中具体信息；（3）根据上下文推断生词的词义；（4）作出判断和推理；（5）理解文章的基本结构；（6）理解作者的意图、观点和态度。
3．写作要求考生根据题示进行书面表达。
考生应能：（1）清楚、连贯地传递信息，表达意思；（2）有效运用所学语言知识。
4．口语要求考生根据题示进行口头表达。
考生应能：（1）询问或传递事实性信息，表达意思和想法；（2）做到语音、语调自然；（3）做到语言运用得体；（4）使用有效的交际策略。
附录1 语音项目表1．基本读音（1）26个字母的读音（2）元音字母在重读音节中的读音（3）元音字母在轻读音节中的读音（4）元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音（5）常见的元音字母组合在轻读音节中的读音（6）辅音字母组合的读音（7）辅音连缀的读音（8）成节音的读音2．重音（1）单词重音（2）句子重音3．读音的变化（1）连读（2）失去爆破（3）弱读（4）同化4．语调与节奏（1）意群与停顿（2）语调（3）节奏5．语音、语调、重音、节奏等在口语交流中的运用6．朗读和演讲中的语音技巧7．主要英语国家的英语语音差异附录2 语法项目表1．名词（1）可数名词及其单复数（2）不可数名词（4）名词所有格2．代词（1）人称代词（2）物主代词（3）反身代词（4）指示代词（5）不定代词（6）疑问代词3．数词（1）基数词（2）序数词4．介词和介词短语5．连词6．形容词（比较级和最高级）7．副词（比较级和最高级）8．冠词9．动词（1）动词的基本形式（2）系动词（3）及物动词和不及物动词（4）助动词10．时态（1）一般现在时（2）一般过去时（3）一般将来时（4）现在进行时（5）过去进行时（6）过去将来时（7）将来进行时（8）现在完成时（9）过去完成时（10）现在完成进行时11．被动语态12．非谓语动词（1）动词不定式（2）动词的-ing形式（3）动词的-ed形式13．构词法（1）合成法（2）派生法（3）转化法（4）缩写和简写14．句子种类（1）陈述句（2）疑问句（3）祈使句（4）感叹句15．句子成分（1）主语（2）谓语（3）表语（4）宾语（5）定语（6）状语（7）补语16．简单句的基本句型17．主谓一致18．并列复合句19．主从复合句（1）宾语从句（2）状语从句（3）定语从句（4）主语从句（5）表语从句20．间接引语21．省略22．倒装23．强调24．虚拟语气附录3 功能意念项目表1．社会交往(Social Communications)（1）问候(Greetings)（2）介绍(Introduction)（3）告别(Farewells)（4）感谢(Thanks)（5）道歉(Apologies)（6）邀请(Invitation)（7）请求允许(Asking for permission)（8）祝愿和祝贺(Expressing wishes and congratulations) （9）提供帮助(Offering help)（10）接受和拒绝(Acceptance and refusal)（11）约会(Making appointments)（12）打电话(Making telephone calls)（13）就餐(Having meals)（14）就医(Seeing the doctor)（16）问路(Asking the way)（17）谈论天气(Talking about weather)（18）语言交际困难(Language difficulties in communication) （19）提醒注意(Reminding)（20）警告和禁止(Warning and prohibition)（21）劝告(Advice)（22）建议(Suggestions)2．态度(Attitudes)（23）同意和不同意(Agreement and disagreement)（24）喜欢和不喜欢(Likes and dislikes)（25）肯定和不肯定(Certainty and uncertainty)（26）可能和不可能(Possibility and impossibility)（27）能够和不能够(Ability and inability)（28）偏爱和优先选择(Preference)（29）意愿和打算(Intentions and plans)（30）希望和愿望(Hopes and wishes)（31）表扬和鼓励(Praise and encouragement)（32）责备和抱怨(Blame and complaint)（33）冷淡(Indifference)（34）判断与评价(Judgement and evaluation)3．情感(Emotions)（36）惊奇(Surprise)（37）忧虑(Worries)（38）安慰(Reassurance)（39）满意(Satisfaction)（40）遗憾(Regret)（41）同情(Sympathy)（42）恐惧(Fear)（43）愤怒(Anger)4．时间(Time)（44）时刻(Point of time)（45）时段(Duration)（46）频度(Frequency)（47）时序(Sequence)5．空间(Space)（48）位置(Position)（49）方向(Direction)（50）距离(Distance)6．存在(Existence)（51）存在与不存在(Existence and Non-existence) 7．特征(Features)（52）形状(Shape)（53）颜色(Colour)（54）材料(Material)（55）价格(Price)（56）规格(Size)（57）年龄(Age)8．计量(Measurement)（58）长度(Length)（59）宽度(Width)（60）高度(Height)（61）数量(Number)9．比较(Comparison)（62）同级比较(Equal comparison)（63）差别比较(Comparative and superlative) （64）相似和差别(Similarity and difference)10．逻辑关系(Logical relations)（65）原因和结果(Cause and effect)（66）目的(Purpose)11．职业(Occupations)（67）工作(Jobs)（68）单位(Employer)附录4 话题项目表1．个人情况(Personal information)2．家庭、朋友与周围的人(Family, friends and people around) 3．周围的环境(Personal environments)4．日常活动(Daily routines)5．学校生活(School life)6．兴趣与爱好(Interests and hobbies)7．个人感情(Emotions)8．人际关系(Interpersonal relationships)9．计划与愿望(Plans and intentions)10．节假日活动(Festivals, holidays and celebrations)11．购物(Shopping)12．饮食(Food and drink)13．健康(Health)14．天气(Weather)15．文娱与体育(Entertainment and sports)16．旅游和交通(Travel and transport)17．语言学习(Language learning)18．自然(Nature)19．世界与环境(The world and the environment)20．科普知识与现代技术(Popular science and mondern technology) 21．热点话题(Topical issues)22．历史与地理(History and geography)23．社会(Society)24．文学与艺术(Literature and art)附录5 词汇表（略）原文标题：2012年高考考试大纲（课程标）——英语- 华师一附中- 家长100教育论坛原文网址：/thread-365859-1-1.html。
高考大纲_英语
高考大纲英语目录考核目标与要求 (3)附录 1语音项目表 (5)附录 2语法项目表 (6)附录 3功能意念项目表 (9)附录 4话题项目表 (12)附录 5词汇表 (13)考核目标与要求一、语言知识要求考生掌握并能运用英语语音、词汇、语法基础知识以及所学功能意念和话题（见附录 1 至附录 5），要求词汇量为 3500 左右。
二、语言运用1．听力要求考生能听懂所熟悉话题的简短独白和对话。
考生应能：（1）理解主旨要义；（2）获取具体的、事实性信息；（3）对所听内容做出推断；（4）理解说话者的意图、观点和态度。
2．阅读要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。
考生应能：（1）理解主旨要义；（2）理解文中具体信息；（3）根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义；（4）做出判断和推理；（5）理解文章的基本结构；（6）理解作者的意图、观点和态度。
3．写作要求考生根据提示进行书面表达。
考生应能：（1）清楚、连贯地传递信息，表达意思；（2）有效运用所学语言知识。
4．口语要求考生根据提示进行口头表达。
考生应能：（1）询问或传递事实性信息，表达意思和想法；（2）做到语音、语调自然；（3）做到语言运用得体；（4）使用有效的交际策略。
1.基本读音(1)26 个字母的读音(2)元音字母在重读音节中的读音(3)元音字母在轻读音节中的读音(4)元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音(5)常见的元音字母组合在轻读音节中的读音(6)辅音字母组合的读音(7)辅音连缀的读音(8)成节音的读音2.重音(1)单词重音(2)句子重音3.读音的变化(1)连读(2)失去爆破(3)弱读(4)同化4.语调与节奏(1)意群与停顿(2)语调(3)节奏5.语音、语调、重音、节奏等在口语交流中的运用6.朗诵和演讲中的语音技巧7.主要英语国家的英语语音差异1.名词(1)可数名词及其单复数(2)不可数名词(3)专有名词(4)名词所有格2.代词(1)人称代词(2)物主代词(3)反身代词(4)指示代词(5)不定代词(6)疑问代词3.数词(1)基数词(2)序数词4.介词和介词短语5.连词6.形容词(比较级和最高级)7.副词(比较级和最高级)8.冠词9.动词(1)动词的基本形式(2)系动词(3)及物动词和不及物动词(4)助动词(5)情态动词10.时态(1)一般现在时(2)一般过去时(3)一般将来时(4)现在进行时(5)过去进行时(6)过去将来时(7)将来进行时(8)现在完成时(9)过去完成时(10)现在完成进行时11.被动语态12.非谓语动词(1)动词不定式(2)动词的-ing 形式(3)动词的-ed 形式13.构词法(1)合成法(2)派生法(3)转化法(4)缩写和简写14.句子种类(1)陈述句(2)疑问句(3)祈使句(4)感叹句15.句子成分(1)主语(2)谓语(3)表语(4)宾语(5)定语(6)状语(7)补语16.简单句的基本句型17.主谓一致18.并列复合句19.主从复合句(1)宾语从句(2)状语从句(3)定语从句(4)主语从句(5)表语从句20.间接引语21.省略22.倒装23.强调24.虚拟语气附录 3 功能意念项目表1.社会交往 (Social Communications)(1)问候 (Greetings)(2)介绍 (Introduction)(3)告别 (Farewells )(4)感谢 (Thanks )(5)道歉 (Apologies)(6)邀请 (Invitation)(7)请求允许 (Asking for permission)(8)祝愿和祝贺 (Expressing wishes and congratulations)(9)提供帮助 (Offering help)(10)接受和拒绝 (Acceptance and refusal)(11)约会 (Making appointments)(12)打电话 (Making telephone calls)(13)就餐 (Having meals)(14)就医 (Seeing the doctor)(15)购物 (Shopping)(16)问路 (Asking the way)(17)谈论天气 (Talking about weather)(18)语言交际困难 (Language difficulties in communication)(19)提醒注意 (Reminding)(20)警告和禁止 (Warning and prohibition)(21)劝告 (Advice)(22)建议 (Suggestions)2.态度 (Attitudes)(23)同意和不同意 (Agreement and disagreement)(24)喜欢和不喜欢 (Likes and dislikes)(25)肯定和不肯定 (Certainty and uncertainty)(26)可能和不可能 (Possibility and impossibility)(27)能够和不能够 (Ability and inability)(28)偏爱和优先选择 (Preference)(29)意愿和打算 (Intentions and plans)(30)希望和愿望 (Hopes and wishes)(31)表扬和鼓励 (Praise and encouragement)(32)责备和抱怨 (Blame and complaint)(33)冷淡 (Indifference)(34)判断与评价 (Judgement and evaluation)3.情感 (Emotions)(35)高兴 (Happiness)(36)惊奇 (Surprise)(37)忧虑 (Worries)(38)安慰 (Reassurance)(39)满意 (Satisfaction)(40)遗憾 (Regret)(41)同情 (Sympathy)(42)恐惧 (Fear)(43)愤怒 (Anger)4.时间 (Time)(44)时刻 (Point of time)(45)时段 (Duration)(46)频度 (Frequency)(47)时序 (Sequence)5.空间 (Space)(48)位置 (Position)(49)方向 (Direction)(50)距离 (Distance)6.存在 (Existence)(51)存在与不存在 (Existence and Non-existence) 7.特征 (Features)(52)形状 (Shape)(53)颜色 (Colour)(54)材料 (Material)(55)价格 (Price)(56)规格 (Size)(57)年龄 (Age)8.计量 (Measurement)(58)长度 (Length)(59)宽度 (Width)(60)高度 (Height)(61)数量 (Number)9.比较 (Comparison)(62)同级比较 (Equal comparison)(63)差别比较 (Comparative and superlative)(64)相似和差别 (Similarity and difference) 10.逻辑关系 (Logical relations)(65)原因和结果 (Cause and effect)(66)目的 (Purpose)11.职业 (Occupations)(67)工作 (Jobs)(68)单位 (Employer)附录 4 话题项目表1.个人情况 (Personal information)2.家庭、朋友与周围的人 (Family, friends and people around)3.周围的环境 (Personal environments)4.日常活动 (Daily routines)5.学校生活 (School life)6.兴趣与爱好 (Interests and hobbies)7.个人感情 (Emotions)8.人际关系 (Interpersonal relationships)9.计划与愿望 (Plans and intentions)10.节假日活动 (Festivals, holidays and celebrations)11.购物 (Shopping)12.饮食 (Food and drink)13.健康 (Health)14.天气 (Weather)15.文娱与体育 (Entertainment and sports)16.旅游和交通 (Travel and transport)17.语言学习 (Language learning)18.自然 (Nature)19.世界与环境 (The world and the environment)20.科普知识与现代技术 (Popular science and modern technology)21.热点话题 (Topical issues)22.历史与地理 (History and geography)23.社会 (Society)24.文学与艺术 (Literature and art)附录 5 词汇表Aa(an) art abandon v ability nable a abnormalaaboardprep abolish v abortion n about ad & prep above prep,a & ad abroadad abrupt a absence n absent a absolute a absorb v abstract a &n absurd a abundant a abuse v academic a &n academy n acceleratev accent n accept v access n & v accessible a accidentna c c o m m o d a t i o nna c c o m p a n yv accomplish v account n accountant n accumulate v accuracy n accurate a accuse v accustomed a ache v & n achieve v achievement n acid a acknowledgev acquaintancenacquire v acquisition n acre nacrossprepact n & v action nactive aactivity nactor nactress nactual aacute aAD abbrad=advertisement n adapt v adaptationn add v addicted a addition n address n adequate a adjust v adjustment n administrationn admirable a admire v admission nadmit v adolescencen adolescent a &n adopt vadore vadult nadvance v &n advantagen adventurenadvertise v advertisement nadvice nadvise v advocate v affair naffect vaffection nafford v afraid a Africa n African a & n afterad,prep&conjaft ernoon nafterward(s) ad again adagainstprepage nagency nagenda nagent n aggressive aago adagree v agreement n agriculturala agriculturenahead adaid n & vAIDS naim n & vair naircraft nairline nairmail nairplane nairport nairspace nalarm n & valbum n alcohol n alcoholica & n algebra nalike adalive aall ad,a & pron allergicaalley nallocatevallow v allowance n almost ad alone aalong ad & prep alongsidead aloud ad alphabet n already ad also ad alternativea althoughconj altitude n altogetherad aluminium(Am aluminum) nalways adam v(be) a.m./am,A.M./AM abbr amateur aamaze va m a z i n gaa mb a s s a d o rn a mbassadress n ambiguous a ambition n ambulance n America n among prep amount n & v ample a amuse v amusement n analyse v analysis n ancestornanchor v &n ancienta andconj anecdotenanger n angle nangry a animal n ankle n anniversaryn announce v annoy vannual a another a & pron answer n & v ant nAntarctic a antique n anxiety n anxious a any pron & a anybodypron anyhow ad anyone pron anythingpron anyway ad anywhere ad apart ad & a apartmentn apologizev apology n apparent a appeal v & n appear v appearancen appendix n appetite n applaud v & n apple n applicant n applicationn apply v appoint v appointment n appreciate v appreciationn approach n & va p p r o p r i a t eaa p p r o v a lna p prove v approximately ad apron narbitrarya archnarchitectn architecturenArctic aare v(be)area nargue v argument narise(arose,arise n) v arithmeticnarm n & v armchair narmy naround ad & prep arrangev arrangement n arrest varrival narrive varrownartnarticlenartificiala artist nas ad,conj & prepash n ashamed a Asia n Asian a &n asideadask v asleep a aspect n assess v assessmentn assistv assistance n assistant n associate v associationn assume v assumptionn astonish v astronaut n astronomern astronomy n at prep athlete n athletic aAtlantic a atmosphere n atom n attach v attack v & n attain v attemptv & nattend v attentionn attitude n attractvattractionnattractiveaaudience naunt nauthentic aauthor nauthority nautomatic aautonomousaautumn navailable aavenue naverage a &n avoid vawake(awoke,awoken) v & a award naware aaway adawesome aawful aawkward aBbaby nbachelor nback ad,a &n backgroundnbackward(s) ad basin nbacon n basis n bacterium(plbacteria)n basket nbad(worse,worst)abasketball n badminton n bat nbag n bath nbaggage n bathe vbakery n bathroom n balance n bathtub n balcony n battery nball n battle nballet n bay nballoon n BC abbr bamboo n be(am,is,are,was,ban n & v were,being,been)v banana n beach nband n bean nbandage n bank n bar n bean curd n bear1 n bear2 vbarbecue n beard n barber n beast nbarbershop n beat(beat,beaten) v & nbare a beautiful abargain n & vbark v & n barrier n base n baseball n basement n basic aWORD完美格式beauty n becauseconjbecome(became,become) v bedn beddings n bedroom n bee nbeef nbeer nbeforeprep,ad&conjbeg vbegin(began,begun)v behalfnbehave vbehaviour(Am behavior)n behind prep & adbeing nbelief nbelieve vbell nbelly nbelong vbelowprepbelt nbench nbend(bent,bent)v beneathprepbeneficiala benefitn & v benta & n beside prep besides prep & ad betray v betweenprep beyondprep bicyclenbid v & nbig abike=bicycle n bill nbingonbiochemistrynbio graphy n biology n bird nbirth n birthday n birthplacenbiscuit n bishop nbit nbite(bit,bitte n) v bitterablack a & n blackboard n blame n & v blank n & a blanketnbleed vbless vblind ablock n &v bloodnblousenblow(blew,blown)v blue n & a board n & vboat nbody nboil v bomb n & v bond n & v bonen bonus n book n & v boom n & v boot n booth n border n bored a boring a born a borrow v boss n botanicala botany n both a & pron bother v bottle n bottom n bounce v bound a boundary n bow v & n bowl n bowling n box n boxing n boy n boycottvb r a i nnb r a k en & vb r a nc hnbrand nbrave abravery nbread nbreak(broke,broken)v & n breakfastn breakthrough nbreast nbreath nbreathe vbreathlessabrewery nbrick nbride nbridegroom nbridge nbrief abright abrilliant a bring(brought,brought)v broad a broadcast(broadcast, broadcast 或-ed,-ed)v brochurenbroken abroom n brother n brown n & abrunch nbrush v &n Buddhism nbudget nbuffet nbuild(built,built) vbuildingnbunch nbungalow nburden nbureaucraticaburglar nburn(burnt,burnt 或-ed,-ed)v & nburst vbury vbus nbush nbusiness nbusinessman/woman(pl businessmen/ women)n busy abut conj &prep butchern & v butter n butterflyn button n & vbuy(bought,bought) v by prepbye intC c a bnc a b b a g enc a f enc a f eteria ncage ncake ncalculate vcall n & vcalm a &v camelncamera ncamp n &v campaignncan1(could);can’t=cannot modal v can2 ncanal ncancel vcancer ncandidate ncandle ncandy ncanteen ncap ncapital ncapsule ncaptain ncaption ncar ncarbon ncard ncare n & vcareful acareless a carpenterncarpet ncarriage ncarrier ncarrot ncarry vcartoon ncarve vcase ncash n & v cassettencast(cast,cast)v castlencasual acat ncatalogue n catastrophe ncatch(caught,caught)v categoryncater v Catholic a cattlen cause n & v caution ncautious acave nCD=compact disk nc e i l i n gnc e l e b r a t evc e l e b ration ncell ncent ncentigrade a centimetre(Am centimeter) n central acentre(Am center)n centuryn ceremony n certain a certificatenchain nchair nchairman/woman(pl chairmen/women) n chalk nchallenge n challengingachampion nchance nchange n &v changeableachannel nchant v & nchaosnchapter n character n characteristic a & ncharge v & nchart nchat n & vcheap acheat n &v checkn &v cheekncheer n &v cheerfulacheers int cheese nchef nchemical a &n chemist n chemistryncheque(Am check) n chess nchest nchew vchicken nchief a &nchild(pl children)n childhood n chocolate nchoice nchoir nchoke n & v choose(chose,chosen) v chopsticks nchorus nChristian nChristmas n church ncigar ncigarette n cinemancirclen&v circuit n circulate v circumstance n circus n citizen ncity ncivil a civilian n civilizationn clapvclarify v class n classic a classify v classmate n classroom n claw nclay nclean v &a cleanernclear aclerk nclever aclick v climate nclimb v clinic n clock n clone v close a &ad cloth n clothes n clothing n cloud n cloudy a club n clumsy a coach ncoal ncoast ncoat n cocoa n coffee ncoin n coincidence n coke ncold a & n collar n colleaguen collect v collectionn college ncollision ncolour(Am color) n & v comb n & vcombine vcome(came,come) v comedy ncomfortncomfortableacommand n & v comment n commercial a commit v commitment n committee n common a communicate v communicationn communism n communist n & a companion n company n compare v compass n compensate v compete v competence n competition n complete a & v complex a & n component n composition n comprehension n compromise v compulsory a computer nconcentratev concept n concern v & n concert n conclude v conclusionn concrete a condemn v condition n conduct v conductor n conferencen confident a confidentiala confirm v conflict n confuse v congratulatev congratulationn connect v connection n conscience n consensus n consequencen conservationn conservativea considerv consideratea considerationn consist v consistentac o n s t a n tac o n s t i t u t i o nn construct v constructionn consult v consultant n consume v contain v containern contemporary a content1 n content2 a continent n continue v contradict v contradictorya contrary n & a contributev contributionn control v & n controversiala convenience n convenient a conventionalac o n v e r s a t i o nnc o n v e yv convince v cook n & v cooker n cookie n cool acopy n & v corn ncorner n corporationn correctv & a correction n correspond v corrupt a & v cost n & v cosy(Am cozy) a cottage n cotton n & a cough n & v could modalv count v counter n country n countryside n couple n courage n course ncourt n courtyard n cousin n cover n &v cow ncrash v & n crayon n crazy acream ncreate vcreature n credit n crew n crime n criminalncriterion(pl criteria) n crop ncross n & v crossing n crossroadsncrowd n &v cruel acry n & vcube ncubic acuisine nculture ncup ncupboardn curen & vcurious acurrency n curriculumncurtain ncushion ncustom ncustomer n customs ncut(cut,cut)v & ncycle vcyclist nDdad=daddy n daily a,ad &n dam n damage n &v damp a &n dance n& v dangern dangerous a dare v & modal v dark a & n darkness n dash v &n data n database n date n &v daughterndawn nday ndead a deadline n deaf adeal ndear adeath n debate n & v debt n decade ndecide vdecision n。
高中英语功能意念项目表
高中英语功能意念项目表说明：标﹡号的项目为八级要求1. 社会交往(Social Communications)（1）问候(Greetings)A. 1. Hi! 2. Hello! 3. Good morning/afternoon/evening. 4. How are you? 5. How are you doing?6. Please say hello to your parents.7. Please give my love /best wishes to Lucy.B. 1. Hi! 2. Hello! 3. Good morning/afternoon/evening. 4. I'm OK. 5.Fine, thanks,and you?6. Very well, thank you.7. ﹡Just so so.8. Sure.9.All right.（2）介绍(Introduction)A. 1. My name is Jim. 2. I'm a student. 3. I'm from England. 4. This is Mr. /Mrs./Miss/Ms Brown.5. I'd like you to meet Bob.6. ﹡May I introduce Professor Jeff Brown?B. 1. Hello! 2. How do you do? 3. Nice/ Glad/ Pleased to meet (see) you.（3）告别(Farewells )A. 1. Good-bye/ Bye / Bye-bye. 2. Good night. 3. See you later/ then /tomorrow / soon.4. I'm sorry I have to go now.5. ﹡I am afraid I must be leaving now.B. 1. Good-bye / Bye / Bye-bye. 2. See you. 3. Good night. 4. See you later/then/tomorrow/soon. （4）感谢(Thanks )A. 1. Thank you (very much). 2. Thanks a lot. 3. Thank you for your help. 4. It's very kind / nice of you.5. ﹡I appreciate your help.B. 1.It's a pleasure. 2. My pleasure. 3. That's OK/ all right. 4. You're welcome. 5.﹡Don't mention it. （5）道歉(Apologies)A. 1.Sorry. 2. I'm sorry. 3. Excuse me. Please. 4. I beg your pardon.5. I'm sorry for losing your book.6. I'm sorry to interrupt you.7. I'm sorry (that) I'm late.B. 1. That's OK. 2. It's all right. 3. Never mind. 4. It doesn't matter. 5. It's nothing. 6. ﹡Forget it. （6）邀请(Invitation) ①②③④⑤⑥⑦⑧⑨A. 1.Would you like to go for a walk? 2. You must come to dinner with us. 3.May I invite your to dinner?4. What/ How about having a swim?B. 1. OK. 2. 肯定①Thank you. ②I'd like that,thanks. ③Yes,I'd love to. ④That would be very nice.3. 否定①No, thank you. ②It's very nice of you, but my mother is ill.③I'd love to, but I'm afraid I have no time. ④I'm sorry I can't. What about another time ?（7）请求允许(Asking for permission )A. 1. May I come in? 2. Can/ Could I use your telephone? 3. Is it all right if I sit here ?4. I wonder if I could smoke here.5. Would/ Do you mind if I open the window ?B. 1.肯定①Yes, please. ②Sure. ③Certainly. ④Please do. ⑤That's all right. ⑥Of course, you can.⑦Go ahead, please. 2. 否定①I'm sorry, it's not allowed. ②I'm afraid not. ③You 'd better not.④It's not allowed. ⑤I'm sorry, but you can smoke in the next room.（8）祝愿和祝贺(Expressing wishes and congratulations)A. 1.Have a good day/time! 2. Have a good journey /trip! 3. Good luck! 4. Enjoy yourself!5. Best wishes to you.6. Happy New Year!7. Merry Christmas !8. Wish you all the success!9. Congratulations ! 10. Well done!B. 1.Thank you. 2. You, too. 3. The same to you.（9）提供帮助(Offering help)A. 1. Do you want me to clean the room? 2. Can I help you? 3. Would you like me to help you?4. What can I do for you?5. Let me take your bags.B. 1. 肯定①Yes, please. ②Yes, thanks. ③ Thank you. That would be nice/ fine.④Thank you for your help. 2. 否定①No, thanks /thank you. ②Thank you all the same.③That's very kind of you, but I can manage it my self.（10）接受或拒绝（acceptance and refusal）（11）约会(Making appointments )A. 1. Will you be free tomorrow ? 2. Do you have time this afternoon? 3. How about tomorrow morning?4. When/ where shall we meet?5. Could we meet at 4:30 ?6. Let's make it 4:30？7. What time is convenient for you ? 8. I'd like to make an appointment with Mr. Jones.B. 1.肯定①Yes, I'll be free then. ②All right. See you then.2. 否定①I'm afraid I have no time then. ②Sorry, I won't be free then. But I'll be free tomorrow. （12）打电话(Making telephone calls )A.1. Hello! May I speak to Tom? 2. Hello! I'd like to speak to Mr. Green. 3. Is that Liu Ying speaking?4. Extension six two two six, please.5. Can I leave a message ?6. I'll call back later /again.7. I'll ring him /her up again.B. 1.Hello! This is Mary speaking. 2. Hello, who is this? 3. Hold the line, please. 4. Just a moment, please.5. Hello, who's speaking?6. Sorry. He/ She isn't here right now.7. Can I take a message?8. Sorry. I can't hear you. 9. The line is bad/ busy. 10. I couldn't get through.11. Sorry, I'm afraid you have the wrong number.（13）就餐(Having meals)A.1. Would you like something to eat /drink? 2. What would you like ( to have)?3. Would you like some more fish?4. Help yourself to some fish.5. Which do you prefer, rice or noodles?6. What would you like to drink, tea or coffee?B. 1. 肯定①Yes, I'd like a drink. ②I'd like rice and chicken. ③ Just a little, please. ④Can I have some more soup? ⑤It's so delicious. Thank you. ⑥ I prefer noodles to rice. ⑦ I like green tea. 2. 否定①No, thank you. I've had enough. ② I'm full, thank you. ③It's very delicious, but I can't eat any more.; （14）就医(Seeing the doctor)A.1. What's the matter？2. What seems to be the trouble? 3. Do you have a fever?4. How long have you felt like this?5. It's nothing serious.6. Take this medicine three times a day.7. You'll be all right /well soon. 8. Give up smoking and keep on taking more exercises.B. 1. I have a headache / cough / fever. 2. I feel terrible / bad / horrible awful. 3. I don't feel well.4.I've got a pain here.5. It hurts here.6. I don't feel like eating.7. I can't sleep well.（15）购物(Shopping)A. 1. Can / May I help you? 2. What can I do for you? 3. How many /much would you like?4. What colour /size/ kind would you like ?5. What about this one?6. Here's your change.B. 1. I want / I'd like a pair of shoes. 2. How much is it / are they? 3. May I try it on ? 4. It's toobig/small. 5. Sorry, it's too expensive. 6. Do you have any other colors / sizes / kinds？7. Two and a half kilos / pounds, please. 8. That's fine. I'll take it. 9. Just have a look. 10. Well, I'll think about it. （16）问路(Asking the way)A.1. Excuse me. Where's the washroom? 2. Can you tell me how to get to the post office? 3. Excuse me. Which bus goes to World Park? 4. Excuse me. Which is the way to the Bank of China? 5. Excuse me. Could you tell me the way to the station, please ? 6. How can I get to No. 4 Middle School?B. 1肯定①It's over there. ② It's about 400 metres from here. ③ Go down this street until you see thetall red building. ④ Turn right / left at the first /second crossing/ corner. ⑤ you can't miss it.⑥ You can take bus No. 103. ⑦ You'd better take a taxi. 2.否定Sorry. I don't know. I'm a stranger here. （17）谈论天气(Talking about weather)A. 1.What's the weather like today? 2. How's the weather in Beijing? 3. What a cold / hot day today?4. It's a nice / fine/ beautiful / horrible day today.B. 1. It's sunny / cloudy /windy / rainy / snowy / foggy. 2. It's getting cool / cold / warm / hot.（18）语言交际困难(Language difficulties in communication)1. Pardon?2. I beg your pardon?3. I don't understand.4. Sorry, I can't follow you.5. ﹡Couldyou say that again, please? 6.﹡Could you repeat that, please? 6. Can you speak more slowly, please?7. ﹡What do you mean by killing time? 8. How do you say... in English? 9. I don't know how tosay that in English? 10. I don't know the world in English? 11. How do you spell it, please?12. I'm sorry I only know a little English.（19）提醒注意(Reminding)1. Don't forget your raincoat.2. Remember to lock the door.3. ﹡Make sure that all the windows are closed.4. Mind your head / step!5. No smoking!6. No spitting!7. Wet floor!8. Look out!9. Be careful! 10. Don't touch! 11.It's dangerous!（20）警告和禁止（Warning and prohibition）（21）劝告(Advice)1. You'd better go to see the doctor.2. You should listen to and read English everyday.3. You need to buya Chinese-English dictionary. 4. I f I were you, I'd phone him now. 5. Don't rush / hurry / push.6. Please stand in line.（22）建议(Suggestions)1. Let's go and have a look.2. Should we go now ?3. What / How about a picnic this Sunday?4. Why don't you buy a computer?5. Why not go to a movie ?2. 态度(Attitudes)（23）同意和不同意(Agreement and disagreement)A. 1. Sure. 2. Certainly. 3. Exactly. 4. That's correct. 5. Of course. 6. All right. 7. I agree.8.No problem. 9. That's a good idea. 10. Yes, I think so. 11. No way.B. 1. Of course not. 2. I don't agree. 3. I don't think so. 4. I'm afraid not.（24）喜欢和不喜欢(Likes and dislikes)A. 1. This book is very interesting. 2. I like / love the movie (very much ). 3. I like / love to playcomputer games. 4. I like taking photos. 5. I enjoy listening to music. 6. I'm interested in science.7. He is fond of music.B. 1. This song is bad / awful. 2. I don't like the movie very much / at all. 3. I don't enjoy collecting stamps.4. I hate to do homework.（25）肯定和不肯定(Certainty and uncertainty)A. 1. I'm sure. 2. I'm sure of that. 3. I 'm (quite) sure (that) she'll join us. 4. ﹡There is no doubt that it'smade of silk. 5.﹡It's clear that it will rain soon.B. 1. I'm not so sure. 2. I'm not sure of that. 3. I'm not sure whether / if she can come.C. 1. Maybe you're right. 2. Perhaps she is at home now. 3. It's hard to say.（26）可能和不可能(Possibility and impossibility)A. 1. He can / may come today. 2. It may snow tonight. 3. It's possible to finish the homework before6 o'clock. 4. It's likely to rain this afternoon. 5. It's likely that you will lose this game.B. 1. He may not come so early. 2. He can't be in the office now. 3. It's not likely to snow soon.4. It's impossible to finish my homework within one hour.（27）能够和不能够(Ability and inability)A. 1. He can ride a bike. 2. He's able to pass the math exam. 3. He is good at football.B. 1.He can't swim. 2. He's unable to walk any more. 3. She 's not good at swimming.（28）偏爱和优先选择(Preference)1. I prefer tea.2. Which do you prefer, tea or coffee?3.﹡I prefer tea to coffee.4. I'd prefer to go by train.5. I like English better / the best.6. My favourite subject is physics.7. ﹡I'd rather drink coffee than tea.8. ﹡Where would you rather go, London or Tokyo ?（29）意愿和打算(Intentions and plans)A. 1. I'll go with you. 2. I'm going to see my head teacher this afternoon. 3. I'd like to make a phone call toher after class. 4. I want / hope to find an English pen-friend. 5. I plan to go to Hangzhou this summer.6. We are ready to move to a new house.7. Bill intends to spend his vocation in California.8. I am thinking of driving to Beijing.B. 1. I won't see the movie again. 2. I'm not going to buy the book. 3. I don't want to live in the big city. （30）希望和愿望(Hope and wish)1. I wish to see you again.2. I hope to become a doctor.3. I hope it stays fine.4. I wish I were younger.5. I hope so.6. I hope not.（31）表扬和鼓励(Praise and encouragement)A. 1. Very good! 2. Well done! 3. Wonderful ! 4. Excellent! 5. You speak English very well.6. Your dress is beautiful!7. Come on!8. Keep trying!9. You can do it!B. 1. Thank you. 2. OK. I'll try it again.（32）责备和抱怨(Blame and complaint)1. He is to blame.2. She blamed him for coming home late.3. What do you mean by doing so?4. How could you cheat your teacher?5. He shouldn't have done it.6. Why didn't you tell me the truth?7. Why didn't you tell me the truth? 8. I'm sorry to have said that, but this room is too dirty.9. I hate to have to say this, but it's too noisy here. 8. Why don't you do something about it?（33）冷淡(Indifference)1. I don't care.2. I don't care what you do.3. It doesn't matte to me.4. I don't mind if you smoke.5. It's non of my business.（34）判断与评价（judgement and evaluation）A.3. 情感(Emotions)①②③④⑤⑥⑦⑧⑨（35）高兴(Happiness)1. How wonderful / nice!2. That's lovely / great / wonderful!3. I'm so happy.4. It's well done.5. I'm pleased to know that.（36）惊奇(Surprise)1. Really?2. Oh dear!3. Is that so?4. What a surprise!5. How nice to see you!6. How surprising!7. I'm surprised.8. It surprises me that your English is so beautiful.9. Does that surprise you? 10. Is this what you expected?（37）忧虑(Worries)1. What's wrong?2. What's the matter?3. Anything wrong?4. What should we do?5. Is something worrying you?6. Are you worried about your health?（38）安慰(Reassurance)1. There, there.2. Don't be afraid.3. Don't worry.4. It's (quite) all right.5. It'll be OK/ all right.（39）满意(Satisfaction)1. Good!2.Well done!3. Perfect!4. That's fine.5. That's better.6. That's good enough.7. I'm pleased with your spoken English.（40）遗憾(Regret)1. I'm so sorry!2. It's a great pity!3. What a shame!4. That's too bad!5. I wish I had never given it up.6. If I had been there, he would not have made such a serious mistake. （41）同情(Sympathy)1. I'm so sorry!2. I'm so sorry about your illness.3. I'm sorry to hear you are going away.4. Please accept my deep sympathy.（42）恐惧(Fear)1. Help!2. How terrible!3. I'm afraid of that dog.4. I'm frightened.5. You scared me!6. I dare not go out at night.（43）愤怒(Anger)1. Damn!2. Isn't it annoying!3. What a stupid idiot!4. 时间(Time)（44）时刻(Point of time)A. 1. Excuse me. What's the time, please? 2. Excuse me. What time is it? 3. Have you got the time?4. When did you come to China?5. What time do you get up every day?B. 1. It's half past five / twenty to nine. 2. I came to China in 1998. 3. I get up at 6 o'clock.（45）时段(Duration)A. 1. How long have you been in this school ? 2. How long does it take you to get to school?3. When did you live in Beijing?4. How long have you been ill?B. 1. I have been in this school for three years. 2. It takes me twenty minutes by bike.3. I lived in Beijing from 1996 to 1999.4. I have been ill since last Monday night.（46）频度(Frequency)A. How often do you go to movies?B. 1. I go to the movie once a week. 2. I often go to movies.（47）时序(Sequence)1. The cat ran here and there, first on this side, then on that side.2. What did you do next?3. Finally we found our way out.4. It rained even harder later on.5. 空间(Space)（48）位置(Position)A. Where is the picture?B. 1. It's on / at / above / in / under/ beside / near / behind the table. 2. He sits at the back of the room.3. The lab is in the center of the school.（49）方向(Direction)A. 1. Which is the way to the station ? 2. Where is the train / bus going? 3. Where are you going?4. Are you going up / down ?B. 1. Go down this street, and turn left / right at the first crossing. 2. The train is going go Xi'an.3. The train is going to the east / west / south / north.4. I'm going tko the railway station.5. I'm leaving for Shanghai.（50）距离(Distance)A. How far is your school from here ?B. 1. It's about 40 minutes by bike. 2. It's about 6 kilometers / miles away.6. 存在(Existence)（51）存在(Existence )A. 1. Is there a bird in the tree ? 2. Are there any apples in the tree ? 3. What's in the tree?B. 1. Yes, there is/ are. 2. There's a bird in the tree. 3. There are many / a lot of birds in the tree.(51') 不存在(non-existence)A. 1. Is there an English book in the schoolbag? 2. Are there any English books in the schoolbag?3. Isn't there any water in the bottle?4. Does water exist on the moon?B. 1. No, there isn't / aren't (any). 2. There isn't an English book in the schoolbag.3. There aren't any English books in the schoolbag.4. No, there's no water in the bottle.5. There's no more paper in the printer.6. No water exists on the moon.7. 特征(Features)（52）形状(Shape)A. 1. What does it look like? 2. What's the shape of the clouds?B. 1. It looks like a camel. 2. It's round / long / tall/ short. 3. It's a circle. 4. It's a U-shaped road. （53）颜色(Colour)A. What colour is the bag?B. 1.It's green / red / blue / yellow / black / white / orange / purple / light brown/ dark blue.2. I like the photo in black and white.（54）材料(Material)A. 1. What's the table made of? 2. What's the red wine made from?B. 1. It's made of wood. 2. It's made from grapes. 3. I bought a woollen sweater yesterday.（55）价格(Price)A. 1. How much is the dictionary? 2. How much is it? 3.How much are they? 4.Is it cheap/expensive?B. 1. The dictionary costs me 100 yuan. 2.The dictionary is expensive / cheap.（56）规格(Size)A. 1.What size is your sweater? 2. What size shoes do you wear?B. 1. The size of my sweater is XXL. 2. It's too big / small / long / short for me.（57）年龄(Age)A. 1. How old are you? 2. How old is he / she?B. 1. I'm eighteen. 2. He / She is six years old. 3. Uncle Wang is an old man.8. 计量(Measurement)（58）长度(Length)A. How long is the bridge?B. It's 430 metres / feet long.（59）宽度(Width)A. How wide is the river ?B. It's about 200 metres wide.（60）高度(Height)A. How tall / high is the building?B. 1. It's 130 metres tall / high. 2. The building has 85 floors / stories.（61）数量(Number)A. 1. How many students are there in your class? 2. How much water do you drink every day?B. 1. There are forty students in our class. 2. I drink five glasses of water every day.9. 比较(Comparison)（62）同级比较(Equal comparison)1. My ruler is as long as yours.2. I can run as fast as you can.3. This book is not as interesting as that one.4. I can't run so fast as you can.（63）差别比较(Comparative and superlative)1.Lily is younger than Kate.2. The red skirt is more expensive than the yellow one.3.I run faster than Jim.4. Mrs. Baker walks more slowly than Mr. Baker.5.Jim is the tallest in his class.6. Tom is the best of all. （64）相似和差别(Similarity and difference)1.This picture is the same as that one on the wall.2. Lucy is like her mother.3. Tom looks like his father.4. My picture is different from yours.5. There are five differences between the two pictures.10. 逻辑关系(Logical relations)（65）原因和结果(Cause and effect )A. 1. Why are you late for school? 2.How could you miss the train / plane?B. 1. Because I got up late this morning. 2. As he was ill, he couldn't come to school. 3.Since she did not feel well, she stayed at home. 4. Because of the bad traffic, we missed the train. 5. Due to the heavy fog, the planes were delayed. 6. The reason is that he is not careful enough in his work. 7. He ate too much, so he did not feel well. 8. It is so dark that I can not see anything in the room.（66）目的(Purpose)A. 1. Why are you here today? 2. Why did you do that?B. 1. I came here to see you off. 2. I did that in order to protect the trees.11. 职业(Occupation)（67）工作(Job)A. 1.What do you do? 2. What's your job? 3. What are you going to be?B. 1. I'm a teacher / doctor / worker / farmer/ businessman / manager.2. I'm going to be a scientist / computer engineer.（68）单位(Employer)A. 1. Where do you work? 2. What company are you working for?B. 1. I'm teaching English in a high school. 2. I'm working for a computer company.。
新课标功能意念与话题项目表
《普通高中英语课程标准》功能意念项目表1.社会交往〔Social Communications〕〔1〕问候〔Greetings〕〔2〕介绍〔Introduction〕〔3〕告别〔Farewells〕〔4〕感谢〔Thanks〕〔5〕道歉〔Apologies〕〔6〕邀请〔Invitation〕〔7〕请求允许〔Asking for permission〕〔8〕祝愿和祝贺〔Expressing wishes and congratulation s〕〔9〕提供帮助〔Offering help〕〔10〕接受或拒绝〔acceptance and refusal〕〔11〕约会〔Making appointments〕〔12〕打〔Making telephone calls〕<13〕就餐〔Having meals〕〔14〕就医〔Seeing the doctor〕〔15〕购物〔Shopping〕〔16〕问路〔Asking the way〕〔17〕谈论天气〔Talking about weather〕〔18〕语言交际困难〔Language difficulties incommunication〕〔19〕提醒注意〔Reminding〕〔20〕警告和禁止〔Warning and prohibition〕〔21〕劝告〔Advice〕〔22〕建议〔Suggestions〕2．态度〔Attitudes〕〔23〕同意和不同意〔Agreement and disagreement〕〔24〕喜欢和不喜欢〔likes and dislikes〕〔25〕肯定和不肯定〔Certainty and uncertainty〕〔26〕可能和不可能〔Possibility and impossibility〕〔27〕能够和不能够〔Ability and inability〕〔28〕偏爱和优先选择〔Preference〕〔29〕意愿和打算〔Intentions and plans〕〔30〕希望和愿望〔Hopes and Wishes〕〔31〕表扬和鼓励〔Praise and encourage〕〔32〕责备和抱怨〔Blame and complain〕〔33〕冷淡〔Indifference〕〔34〕判断与评价〔Judgment and evaluation〕 3.情感〔Emotions〕〔35〕高兴〔Happiness〕〔36〕惊奇〔Surprise〕〔37〕忧虑〔Worries〕〔38〕安慰〔Reassurance〕〔39〕满意〔Satisfaction〕〔40〕遗憾〔Regret〕〔41〕同情〔Sympathy〕〔42〕恐惧〔Fear〕〔43〕愤怒〔Anger〕4．时间〔Time〕〔44〕时刻〔Point of time〕〔45〕时段〔Duration〕〔46〕频度〔Frequency〕〔47〕时序〔Sequence〕5．空间〔Space〕〔48〕位置〔Position〕〔49〕方向〔Direction〕〔50〕距离〔Distance〕6．存在〔Existence〕〔51〕存在与不存在〔Existence and non-existence〕 7.特征〔Features〕〔52〕形状〔Shape〕〔53〕颜色〔color〕〔54〕材料〔material〕〔55〕价格〔Price〕〔56〕规格〔Size〕〔57〕年龄〔Age〕8.计量〔Measurement〕〔58〕长度〔Length〕〔59〕宽度〔Width〕〔60〕高度〔Height〕〔61〕数量〔Number〕9．比较〔Comparison〕〔62〕同级比较〔Equal comparison〕〔63〕差别比较〔Comparative and superlative〕〔64〕相似和差别〔Similarity and difference〕10.逻辑关系〔Logical relations〕〔65〕原因和结果〔Cause and effect〕〔66〕目的〔Purpose〕11.职业〔Occupations〕〔67〕工作〔Jobs〕〔68〕单位〔Employer〕四、话题项目表说明：标*号的项目为八级要求。
2012高考英语学科考试范围
新课标全国卷
2012高考英语学科考试范围
一、考试范围
(一)必修课程1-5模块以及顺序选修课程6-8模块的内容。
(二)顺序选修课程9-11模块不列入考试范围。
(三)任意选修课程不列入考试范围。
二、考试要求
英语考试含听力，要求考生达到《普通高中英语课程标准(实验)》规定的八级目标要求，依据这一要求，英语学科考试要求为：
(一)语言知识
要求考生能够运用基本的语法知识(见《普通高中英语课程标准(实验)》附录表二中八级要求掌握的项目)；学会使用3300个左右的单词和一定数量的习惯用语或固定搭配(见《普通高中英语课程标准(实验)》附录表五)。
(二)语言运用
1、听力
要求考生听懂有关日常生活中熟悉话题的简短独白和对话。
2、阅读
要求考生读懂熟悉的有关日常生活话题的文字材料，如公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中的一般性话题文章。
3、写作
要求考生根据提示进行书面表达。
2012年全国高考英语科课标版考试大纲和考试大纲说明的解读
课标版语文科不同之处的比较2012届全国新课标语文《考试说明》和2011届相比，在考试性质、考试内容、考试形式（包括题型）及试卷结构（包括题量）、能力要求、时间、分值、难度、古诗文背诵篇目等几个方面都没有实质性的变化，可谓一脉相承，体现了稳定性和承继性原则，这是基于社会大背景和新课标考试省份逐年增多而需要阶段性稳定的考虑。
只是“考试形式及试卷结构”部分，有几处的表述作了修改（见下表）：2012届全国新课标语文《考试说明》和2011届相比，在考试性质、考试内容、考试形式（包括题型）及试卷结构（包括题量）、能力要求、时间、分值、难度、古诗文背诵篇目等几个方面都没有实质性的变化，可谓一脉相承，体现了稳定性和承继性原则，这是基于社会大背景和新课标考试省份逐年增多而需要阶段性稳定的考虑。
只是“考试形式及试卷结构”部分，有几处的表述作了修改：如“试卷结构”部分的前一两句，由2011年的“试卷分为必考内容和选考内容”改为“试卷分为阅读题和表达题两部分。
阅读题分必考题和选考题”。
2011年的表述只局限在“阅读题”部分，遗漏了“表达题”部分。
修改后表述更全面、准确，操作性更强。
“现代文阅读”部分对题量、分值的表述，由2011年的“3题左右，10分左右”改为“3题左右，约10分”。
表述更为简洁，避免了两个“左右”的重复。
“语言文字运用”部分对分值的表述，由2011年的“15—20分”改为“约20分”，表述更为确定，大大缩小了分值误差，便于操作2012年全国高考数学科课标版考试大纲和考试大纲说明的解读课标版数学科2012年全国新课标数学学科《考试大纲》文理科和2011年对比，在内容、能力要求、时间、分值（含选修比例）、题型题量、难度等几个方面都没有发生变化。
2012年全国新课标数学学科《考试说明》文理科和2011年对比在公式记忆要求方面有点变化：文理都要求记住：（1）球、棱柱、棱锥、台的表面积和体积的计算公式；（2）样本数据标准差公式。
高中英语考核目标和要求
⾼中英语考核⽬标和要求⼀、语⾔知识语⾔知识要求考⽣掌握并能运⽤英语语⾳、词汇、语法基础知识以及所学功能意念和话题，要求词汇量为 3500 左右。
语⾔运⽤包括听⼒、阅读、写作和⼝语。
语⾳项⽬表1. 基本读⾳(1) 26 个字母的读⾳(2) 元⾳字母在重读⾳节中的读⾳(3) 元⾳字母在轻读⾳节中的读⾳(4) 元⾳字母组合在重读⾳节中的读⾳(5) 常见的元⾳字母组合在轻读⾳节中的读⾳(6) 辅⾳字母组合的读⾳(7) 辅⾳连缀的读⾳(8) 成节⾳的读⾳2. 重⾳(1) 单词重⾳(2) 句⼦重⾳3. 读⾳的变化(1) 连读(2) 失去爆破(3) 弱读(4) 同化4. 语调与节奏(1) 意群与停顿(2) 语调(3) 节奏5. 语⾳、语调、重⾳、节奏等在⼝语交流中的运⽤6. 朗诵和演讲中的语⾳技巧7. 主要英语国家的英语语⾳差异语法项⽬表1. 名词(1) 可数名词及其单复数 (2) 不可数名词 (3) 专有名词 (4) 名词所有格2. 代词(1) ⼈称代词 (2) 物主代词 (3) 反⾝代词 (4) 指⽰代词 (5) 不定代词 (6) 疑问代词3. 数词(1) 基数词 (2) 序数词4. 介词和介词短语5. 连词6. 形容词(⽐较级和最⾼级)7. 副词(⽐较级和最⾼级)8. 冠词9. 动词(1) 动词的基本形式 (2) 系动词 (3) 及物动词和不及物动词 (4) 助动词 (5) 情态动词10. 时态(1) ⼀般现在时 (2) ⼀般过去时 (3) ⼀般将来时(4) 现在进⾏时 (5) 过去进⾏时(6) 过去将来时(7) 将来进⾏时 (8) 现在完成时 (9) 过去完成时(10) 现在完成进⾏时11. 被动语态12. ⾮谓语动词(1) 动词不定式 (2) 动词的-ing 形式 (3) 动词的-ed 形式13. 构词法(1) 合成法 (2) 派⽣法 (3) 转化法 (4) 缩写和简写14. 句⼦种类(1) 陈述句 (2) 疑问句 (3) 祈使句 (4) 感叹句15. 句⼦成分(1) 主语 (2) 谓语 (3) 表语 (4) 宾语(5) 定语 (6) 状语 (7) 补语16. 简单句的基本句型17. 主谓⼀致18. 并列复合句19. 主从复合句(1) 宾语从句 (2) 状语从句 (3) 定语从句 (4) 主语从句 (5) 表语从句20. 间接引语21. 省略22. 倒装23. 强调24. 虚拟语⽓【解读】以上语法项⽬包含了⾼中所学的重要语法项⽬，有利于⾼考备考。
2012高考英语全国新课标卷双向细目表
1-20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27
考查学生听懂日常生活中学生熟悉 √ 的简短对话或独白的能力。 考查交际用语 考查冠词 考查时态 考查名词性从句 考查状语从句 考查固定句式 考查动词短语辨析 考查非谓语动词 考查固定句式 考查情态动词 考查不定代词 考查非谓语动词 考查时态 考查连词 考查动词辨析 考查学生对说明文的理解。考查学 生根据上下文正确使用词语的综合 能力。特别注重考查通过语篇上下 文的整体理解. 名词（7 题） 、动词 （5 题） 、形容词副词（6 题） 、插入 语（2 题） 考查学生对说明文的理解。着重考 查考生获取信息、分析处理信息的 基本能力。
2012 年高考英语试题（全国课标卷）双向细目表
内 项 目 具体考点 能力要求 听 读 写 难 度 要 求 易 中 √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ 易 中 中 易 中 中 易 易 易 中 中 难 难 中 难
容 值
题 型
听力
题
序
分
30 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
单项填 空
28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35
完形填 空(说明 文.身势 语)
阅读理解 细节理解 题（7
36--55
30
√
中
A 55-59 应用 文(博物馆游览 指南)
8
√
易
题） ， 另外 推理判断 （3 题） ， 词义猜测 （2 题） ， 主旨概括 （2 题） 和观点态 度题（1 题） ， 还有 1 题考查 文章写作 方法，属 于文章结 构类。
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
B 60-63 说明 文， 介绍导蜜鸟 的习性 C 64-66 记叙 文(录影棚见 闻) D 67-70 说明 文(过度学习)
【免费下载】高考英语功能意念项目表
1. “不必在意”“算了吧，忘了吧”，用来接受别人做错事的道歉。 2. “算了吧，想都别想。”，用来拒绝对方提出的你认为不合理的请求、建议等。
All right. 用于赞同对方的意见、建议或邀请，译为“好”、“行”、“可以”。也可用于对别人 的安慰，表示“没关系”、“不要紧”等意思。 十一 That’s all right. 1. 对别人致谢的回答，“不用谢；别客气。”=That’s OK./ Not at all./ You are
对全部高中资料试卷电气设备，在安装过程中以及安装结束后进行高中资料试卷调整试验；通电检查所有设备高中资料电试力卷保相护互装作置用调与试相技互术关，系电，力根通保据过护生管高产线中工敷资艺设料高技试中术卷资，配料不置试仅技卷可术要以是求解指，决机对吊组电顶在气层进设配行备置继进不电行规保空范护载高与中带资负料荷试下卷高问总中题体资，配料而置试且时卷可，调保需控障要试各在验类最；管大对路限设习度备题内进到来行位确调。保整在机使管组其路高在敷中正设资常过料工程试况中卷下，安与要全过加，度强并工看且作护尽下关可都于能可管地以路缩正高小常中故工资障作料高；试中对卷资于连料继接试电管卷保口破护处坏进理范行高围整中，核资或对料者定试对值卷某，弯些审扁异核度常与固高校定中对盒资图位料纸置试，.卷保编工护写况层复进防杂行腐设自跨备动接与处地装理线置，弯高尤曲中其半资要径料避标试免高卷错等调误，试高要方中求案资技，料术编试交写5、卷底重电保。要气护管设设装线备备置敷4高、调动设中电试作技资气高，术料课中并3中试、件资且包卷管中料拒含试路调试绝线验敷试卷动槽方设技作、案技术，管以术来架及避等系免多统不项启必方动要式方高，案中为；资解对料决整试高套卷中启突语动然文过停电程机气中。课高因件中此中资，管料电壁试力薄卷高、电中接气资口设料不备试严进卷等行保问调护题试装，工置合作调理并试利且技用进术管行，线过要敷关求设运电技行力术高保。中护线资装缆料置敷试做设卷到原技准则术确：指灵在导活分。。线对对盒于于处调差，试动当过保不程护同中装电高置压中高回资中路料资交试料叉卷试时技卷，术调应问试采题技用，术金作是属为指隔调发板试电进人机行员一隔，变开需压处要器理在组；事在同前发一掌生线握内槽图部内 纸故，资障强料时电、，回设需路备要须制进同造行时厂外切家部断出电习具源题高高电中中源资资，料料线试试缆卷卷敷试切设验除完报从毕告而，与采要相用进关高行技中检术资查资料和料试检，卷测并主处且要理了保。解护现装场置设。备高中资料试卷布置情况与有关高中资料试卷电气系统接线等情况，然后根据规范与规程规定，制定设备调试高中资料试卷方案。
新目标英语初中语法之“功能意念项目表”
◆社会交往(social communications)1.问候(greetings)Hi.Good morning/ afternoon / evening How are you?How are you doing?Please say hello to your parents. Please give my love / best wishes to her.HiHelloGood morning/ afternoon / eveningI am OK.Fine, thanks, and you?Very well, thank you.Just so so.Sure.All right.2.介绍(introduction)My name is Jim.I am a student.I am from England.This is Mr. / Mrs. / Miss. Brown.I’d like you to meet Bob.May I introduce Professor Jeff Brown/Hello.How do you do/Nice / glad / pleased to meet you.3.告别(farewells)Good bye / bye / bye-byeGood night.See you later / then / tomorrow / soon.I am sorry I have to go now.I am afraid I must be leaving now.Good bye / bye / bye-bye.See you.Good night.See you later / then / tomorrow / soon.4.感谢(thanks)Thank you very much.Thanks a lot.Thank you for your help.It’s very kind / nice of you.I appreciate your help.It’s a pleasure.My pleasure.That’s OK / all right.You are welcome.Don’t mention it.5.道歉(apologies)Sorry.I am sorry,Excuse meI beg your pardonI am sorry for losing your book I am sorry to interrupt youI am sorry that I am late That’s OKIt’s all rightNever mindIt doesn’t matterIt’s nothingForget it6.邀请(invitation)Would you like to go to a walk?You must come to dinner with me.May I invite you to dinner/What / how about having a swim?OKI’d like that, thanks.Yes, I’d love to.That would be very niceNo, thanks.It’s very nice of you, but my mother is ill I’d love to. But I am afraid I have no time I’m sorry I can’t, what about another time?7.请求允许(asking and permission)May I come in/Can / could I use your telephone?Would / do you mind if I open the window/Yes, pleaseSureCertainlyThat’s all rightOf course, you canI am sorry, it’s not allowedI am afraid notYou’d better not8.祝愿和祝贺(expressing wishes and congratulations) Have a good time / dayHave a good tripGood luckEnjoy yourselfBest wishes to youHappy New YearMerry ChristmasHappy birthdayCongratulationsWell doneThank youYou, tooThe same to you9.提供帮助(offering help)Do you want me to clean the room?Can I help you?Would you like me to help you/What can I do for you/Let me take your bagsYes, pleaseYes, thanksThank you, that would be fineThank you for your helpNo, thanksThank you all the sameThat’s very kind of you, but I can manage it myself 10.约会(making appointments)Will you be free tomorrow/Do you have time this afternoonHow about tomorrow morningWhen / where shall we meetCould we meet at 4:30Let’s meet at 4:30Yes, I will be free thenAll right, see you thenI’m afraid I have no time thenSorry, I won’t be free then, but I’ll be free tomorrow 11.打电话(making telephone)Hello, may I speak to himHello, I’d like to speak to sbIs that sb speakingCan I leave a messageI will call back laterI will ring her upHello, this is sb speakingHello, who is thatHold the lineJust a momentHello, who is speakingSorry, he isn’t here right nowCan I take a messageThe line is badI could n’t get throughSorry, I am afraid you have the wrong number 12.就餐(having meals)Would you like sth to eat / drinkWhat would you like to eatWould you like some more fishHelp yourself to some fishYes, I’d like a drinkI’d like rice and chickenJust a little, pleaseCan I have some more soupIt’s delicious, thank youI like green teaNo, thank youI’m full, thank you13.就医(seeing the doctors) What’s the matterDo you have a feverHow long have you been like this It’s nothing seriousTake this medicine three times a day You’ll be all right / wellI have a headache / coughI feel terrible / bad / awfulI don’t feel wellI have got a pain hereIt hurts hereI don’t feel like eating14.购物(shopping)Can I help youWhat can I do for youHow many / much would you like/What color / size / kind would you likeWhat about this oneHere’s your changeI’d like a pair of shoesHow much is it / are theyMay I try it onIt’s too big / smallSorry, it’ s too expensiveDo you have any other color / size / kindTwo and a half kilosThat’s fine, I’ll take itJust have a lookWell, I will think about it.15.问路(asking the way)Excuse me, where’s the washroomCan you tell me how to get to the post office Excuse me, which bus goes to world park Excuse me, which is the way to the bank of china Excuse me, could you tell me the way to the stationHow can I get to No.4 middle schoolIt’s over thereIt’s about 400 meters from hereGo down this street until you see the tall red building Turn right / left at the first crossing / cornerYou can’t miss itYou can take the No.13 busYou’d better take a taxiSorry, I don’t know. I am a stranger.16.谈论天气(talking about weather)What’s the weather like todayHow’s the weather in BeijingWhat a cold dayIt’s a nice / fine dayIt’s sunny/cloudy/windy/rainy/snowy/foggyIt’s getting cool/ cold /warm/hot17.语言交际困难(language difficulties in communication) PardonI beg your pardonI don’t understandSorry, I can’t follow youCan you speak more slowlyHow do you say ….. in EnglishI don’t know how to say that in English How do you spell itI am sorry I only know a little English18.提醒注意(reminding and warning) Don’t forget your raincoat Remember to lock the doorMind your headNo smoking’No spittingWet floorLook outBe carefulDon’t touchIt’s dangerous19.劝告(advice)You’d better go to see the doctorYou should listen to and read English everyday You need to buy a Chinese-English dictionary Don’t rushPlease stand in line20.建议(suggestions)Let’s go and have a lookHow / what about a picnic this SundayWhy don’t you buy a computerWhy not go to a movie◆态度(attitudes)1.同意和不同意(agreement and disagreement) SureCertainlyOf courseAll rightI agreeNo problemThat’s a good iceaYes, I think soNo wayOf course notI don’t agreeI don’t think soI am afraid not\2.喜欢和不喜欢(likes and dislikes)This book is very interestingI like/ love the movieI like / love to play computer gamesI like taking photosI enjoy listening to musicI am interested in scienceHe is fond of musicThis song is bad / awfulI don’t like the movie at allI don’t enjoy collecting stampsI hate to do homework3.肯定和不肯定(certainty and uncertainty) I’m sureI am sure of thatI am not so sureMaybe you are rightPerhaps she is at homeIt’s hard to say4.可能和不可能(possibility and impossibility)He can / may come todayIt may snow tonightIt’s possible to finish the homework before 6He may not come so earlyHe can’t be in the office nowIt’s not likely to snow soonIt’s impossible to finish my homework within one hour5.能够和不能够(ability and inability)He can ride a bikeHe is able to pass the math examHe is good at footballHe can’t swimShe is not good at swimming6.偏爱和爱好(preference and hobbies)I prefer teaWhich do you prefer, tea or coffeeI like English betterMy favorite subject is physics7.意愿和打算(intentions and plans)I will go with youI am going to see my headteacher this afternoon I’d like to make a call to her after classI want to find an English pen palI plan to go to hangzhou this summerI won’t see the movie againI am not going to buy the bookI don’t want to live in the big city8.希望和愿望(hope and wish)I wish to see you again’I hope to become a doctorI hope it stays fineI hope soI hope not9.表扬和鼓励(praise and encouragement) Very goodWell doneWonderfulExcellentYou speak English very wellYour dress is beautifulCome onKeep tryingYou can do itThank youOk, I will try it again10.责备和抱怨(blame and complaint) Why didn’t you tell me the truth11.冷淡(indifference)I don’t careIt doesn’t matter to me◆情感(emotions)1.高兴(happiness)How wonderfulThat’s lovely / great/ wonderfulI am so happyIt’s well doneI am pleased to know that2.惊奇(surprise)ReallyIs that so？What a surpriseHow nice to youI am surprised3.忧虑(worries)What’s wrongWhat’s the matterAnything wrongWhat should we doAre you worried about your health4.安慰(reassurance)Don’t be afraidDon’t worryIt’s all rightIt’s be ok5.满意(satisfaction)That’s fineThat’s good enoughI am pleased with you spoken English6.遗憾(regret)I’m so sorryWhat a shameIt’s a great pityThat’s too bad7.同情(sympathy)I’m so sorryI’m sorry about your illnessI’m sorry to hear you are going away8.恐惧(fear)HelpI’m afraid of that dogI am frightened9.愤怒(anger)Damn◆时间(time)1.时刻(point of time)Excuse me, what’s the timeExcuse me, what time is itWhen did you come to chinaWhat time do you get up every dayIt’s half past fiveI came to china in 1998I get up at 62.时段(duration)How long have you been in this school How long does it take you to get to school When did you live in BeijingHow long have you been illI have been in this school for three years It takes me twenty minutes by bikeI lived in Beijing from 1996 to 1999I have been ill since last Monday night3.频度(frequency)How often do you go to moviesI go to the movie once a weekI often go to movies4.时序(sequence)What did you do nextFinally we found our way outIt rained even harder later on◆空间(space)1.位置(position)Where is the pictureIt’s on/at/above/in/under/beside/near/behind the table He sits at the back of the roomThe lab is in the centre of the school2.方向(direction)Which is the way to the station?Where is the train goingWhere are you goingGo down this street, and turn left/ right at the first crossing The train is going to XianThe train is going to the east/west/south/northI’m going to the railway stationI’m leaving for shanghai3.距离(distance)How far is your school from hereIt’s about 40 minutes by bikeIt’s about 6 kilometers away◆存在(existence)1.存在(existence)Is there a bird in the treeAre there any apples in the treeWhat’s that in the tree？Yes, there is/ areThere is a bird in the treeThere are many / a lot of birds in the tree2.不存在(non-existence)Is there an English book in the schoolbagAre there any English books in the schoolbagIsn’t there any water in the bottleNo, there isn’t/ aren’tThere isn’t an English book in itThere aren’t any English books in the schoolbags No, there is no water in the bottleThere is no more paper in it◆特征(features)1.形状(shapes)What does it look likeWhat is the shape of the cloudsIt looks like a camelIt’s round/ long/tall/shortIt’s a circle2.颜色(color)What color is itIt’s green/red/blue/yellow/black/white/orange/purple/ light brown/dark blue3.材料(material)What’s the table made ofWhat’s the red wine made fromIt’s made of woodIt’s made from grapesI bought a woolen sweater yesterday4.价格(price)How much is the dictionaryHow much is itHow much are theyIs it cheap/expensiveThe dictionary costs 100 yuanThe dictionary is expensive/ cheap 5.规格(size)What size is your sweaterWhat size shoes do you wearThe size of my sweater is XXLIt’s too big/small/long/short for me6.年龄(age)How old are youHow old is he /sheI am eighteenHe/ she is six years oldUncle wang is an old man◆计量(measurement)1.长度(length)How long is the bridgeIt’s 430 metres2.宽度(width)How wide is the river?It’s about 200 metres wide3.高度(height)How tall / high is the buildingIt’s 130 metres tall / high4.数量(number)How many students are there in your class How much water do you drink every dayThere are forty students in our classI drink five glasses of water every day.◆比较(comparison)1.同级比较(equal comparison)My ruler is as long as yoursI can run as fast as youThis book is not as interesting as that oneI can’t run so fast as you can2.差别比较(comparative and superlative)Lily is younger than KateThe red skirt is more expensive than the yellow one I run faster than JimMrs. Li walks more slowly than Mrs. WangJim is the tallest in his classTom is the best of all3.相似和差别(similarity and difference)This picture is the same as than one on the wall Lucy is like her motherTom looks like his fatherMy picture is different from yoursThere are five differences between the two pictures◆逻辑关系(logical relations)1.原因和结果(cause and effect)Why are you late for calssBecause I got up late2.目的(purpose)Why are you here todayI came here to see you off◆职业(occupation)1.工作(job)What do you doWhat’s your jobWhat are you going to beI am a teacher/ doctor2.单位(employer)Where do you workI am teaching English in a high school.。
2012年湖北高考英语考试说明(word版)
2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲湖北卷英语科考试说明I. 考试性质普通高等学校招生全国统一考试是合格的高中毕业和具有同等学力的考生参加的选拔性考试。
高等学校根据考生成绩，按已确定的招生计划，德、智、体全面衡量，择优录取。
高考应具有较高的信度、效度，必要的区分度和适当的难度。
II. 命题指导思想1．英语科（湖北卷）命题以《普通高中英语课程标准(实验)》、教育部考试中心大纲（课标版）和本说明为依据。
2．命题遵循“有利于高校选拔人才，有利于中学实施素质教育，有利于推进基础教育课程改革”的原则，确保安全、公平、公正、科学、规范。
3．命题要结合我省高中英语教学实际和普通高等学校对新生文化素质的要求，考查考生进入高等学校继续学习的潜能。
4．命题考虑英语学科特点，在考查考生的英语语言知识和语言技能的同时，侧重考查考生的综合语言运用能力，特别是运用英语获取信息、处理信息、分析问题和解决问题的能力。
III.考试内容及要求根据普通高等学校对新生文化素质的要求，依据教育部2003年颁布的《普通高中英语课程标准（实验）》和教育部考试中心大纲（课标版），结合我省高中英语教学实际，确定本学科考试内容。
一、语言知识要求考生掌握并能运用英语语音、语法基础知识以及所学功能意念和话题（见附录1至4）。
考虑到《普通高中英语课程标准（实验）》词汇表所列词汇及其在教材中的复现率，本说明所附词表（见附录5）共收单词3519个，作为高考命题的词汇范围（词汇表未列词组和短语，部分可根据构词法推导出的副词、名词等亦不单列；缩略词、月份、星期、数词，以及洲、国家及地区名称、主要大洋名称在词表后单独列出）。
二、语言运用（一）听力要求考生能听懂关于一般性话题的英语对话或简短独白。
考生应能：1.理解主旨和要义任何一段对话或独白总会围绕一个主旨或者一个中心思想展开。
有时，主旨要义会比较明确；有时则会贯穿整个对话或独白，考生需自己去归纳、概括。
2.获取事实性的具体信息为了说明和支持主旨，对话或独白中总会出现一些具体信息，如时间、地点、人物等。
2012年高考英语总复习计划表
2012年高考英语复习计划，供为高考备战的童鞋们参考一下！第一轮（80天）任务：①以涵盖单元考点为准，每周一次同步过关。
②注重背诵课文单词，以单元为单位。
③同步课本复习语法。
独门技巧：①准备一本权威的英汉词典，背诵课本单词时参考词典。
因为词典是以字母顺序排序，同一个词根其各种词形变化都是连在一起的，考生可通过比较来背诵。
②每晚临睡前花上5分钟的时间把白天背诵的单词在脑中过一遍，然后第二天清晨醒来时再迅速回顾这些单词，这样背诵的单词更不容易忘。
③记单词还要掌握一个技巧，就是借助英文解释来记忆。
比如join/attend/take part in，如果你知道它们的英文解释（join—become a member of; attend—go to; take part in—have a share in/help）就很容易理解记忆，遇到辨析题也不怕。
习题量：适度辅以完型、阅读与写作练习。
第二轮（30天）任务：专项训练1-----语法分类训练独门技巧：①比较法。
侧重语法知识间的联系与区别，可采用比较法复习。
英语中有非常多的相似结构，我们在学习中应进行比较，总结其中的规律。
如：I have many friends, and some of them are businessmen. 与I have many friends, some of whom are businessmen. 比较：这两句话因有无连接词而造成句子结构的不同。
第一句中有并列连词and，为并列句。
后半句使用人称代词them替代friends，没有连接词，是一个主从复合句，后半句为非限制性定语从句，使用关系代词whom替代friends。
②掌握语法的本质：一个句子有且只有一个谓语。
根据这个语法的本质，只需要找到句子的谓语动词，再将前后的主语和宾语找齐，长句则可变短句。
又因为一个句子有且只有一个谓语动词，那么当一个句子当中有两个或者两个以上的谓语动词时，则需保留一个，将其他的谓语动词改为非谓语形式。
高考英语功能意念项目表
高考英语功能意念项目表it’smypleasure.“这是我的荣幸/不客气。
”用于别人对你表示感谢时的回答。
（=mypleasure.）withpleasure.“我很乐意（帮忙你）。
”表示同意对方的命令，并且自己将代价行动。
helpyourself.“自便！/自己去吧。
”表示同意对方的命令，但使对方行动。
yes,please!“恳请！”。
则表示容许对方搞命令之事。
goahead.“恳请。
”表示同意并引导对方回去搞命令之事。
“继续（做正在进行或谈论的事）。
”“去吧！”。
引导对方参予某事。
hurryup!“赶紧，快点！”。
劝说对方快点行动。
goodluck!“祝你好运！”，就是当双方出席某项活动，例如考试、比赛等时，向对方则表示的祝福语。
congratulations!“祝贺你（们）！”当对方搞某事获得了顺利或成婚、生子、晋升等时候的用语。
havefun!“玩得开心点！”。
表示允许对方去吃喝玩乐。
bestwishes!一般用于信的结尾处，表示对对方的祝愿。
（注：当对方外出旅游时常说good/nicetriptoyou!“祝你旅途愉快！”）guesswhat?“除了别的吗？”what’sgoingon?“怎么了？/这里出现什么事了？/存有什么节目？/拉开序幕什么电影？”（查问情况）。
六what’sfor?表中目的和用途，通常翻译成“为了什么？/用以搞什么？/干嘛？”（备注：why?查问原因，通常都必须用because去提问。
）what’sup?“怎么了？/存有什么事吗？”what’sup?口语中采用广为，例如有人拦住你或登门访华问，而你不明白对方的来意时就可以说“what’sup?”（有什么事？/有何贵干？）年轻人也常说“what’sup?”来打招呼。
比如john碰到一个朋友tom说“hey,john!”john则回答“hi,tom!“what’sup?”表示“你最近怎么样啊？/有什么事吗？”whatif…?=whatwillorwouldhappenif…？“如果（假如）……将会怎么样？”sowhat?“那又怎么样呢？”表示出无所谓的样子。
中考英语功能意念项目表
功能意念项目表（一）社会交往(Social Communications）(1）问候(Greetings）Please say hello to your parents.Please give my love / best wishes to Lucy。
（2)介绍(Introduction）This is Mr. / Mrs. / Miss / Ms Brown。
（3）告别（Farewells ）A.See you later / then / tomorrow / soon。
I am sorry I have to go now.I am afraid I must be leaving now.(4）感谢（Thanks ）A。
Thank you for your help.It's very kind / nice of you。
I appreciate your help.B。
It’s a pleasure.My pleasure.That’s OK/ all right。
You're welcome。
Don’ t mention it。
(5）道歉(Apologies)A. Sorry。
I'm sorry.Excuse me，please.I beg your pardon.I’ m sorry for losing your book.I’m sorry to interrupt you.I’m sorry (that) I'm late。
B。
That's OK.That t’s all right。
Never mind。
It doesn’t matter.It's nothing.Forget it.(6）邀请(Invitation)A. Would you like to go for a walk?You must come to dinner with us。
中考英语功能意念项目表
功能意念项目表（一）社会交往 (Social Communications) (1)问候 (Greetings)Please say hello to your parents.Please give my love / best wishes to Lucy.(2)介绍 (Introduction)This is Mr. / Mrs. / Miss / Ms Brown.(3)告别 (Farewells )A.See you later / then / tomorrow / soon.I am sorry I have to go now.I am afraid I must be leaving now.(4)感 (Thanks )A. Thank you for your help.It's very kind / nice of you.I appreciate your help.B. It's a pleasure.My pleasure.That's OK/ all right.You're welcome.Don' t mention it.(5)道歉(Apologies)A. Sorry. I'm sorry.Excuse me, please.I beg your pardon.I' m sorry for losing your book. I'm sorry to interrupt you.I'm sorry (that) I'm late.B. That's OK.Thatt's all right.Never mind.It doesn't matter.It's nothing.Forget it.(6)邀请(Invitation)A. Would you like to go for a walk? You must come to dinner with us. May I invite you to dinner?What / How about having a swim? B1. OK.Thank you.I'd like that, thanks.Yes, I'd love to.That would be very nice.B2. No, thank you.It's very nice of you, but my mother is ill.I'd love to, but I'm afraid I have no time.I'm sorry I can't. What about another time?(7)请求允许 (Asking for permission )A. May I come in?Can / Could I use your telephone?Is it all right if I sit here?I wonder if I could smoke here.Would / Do you mind if I open the window?B1. Yes, please. Sure. Certainly.Please do. That's all right. Of course, you can. Go ahead, please.B2.I'm sorry, it's not allowed.I'm afraid not. You'd better not.It' s not allowed.I'm sorry, but you can smoke in the next room.(8)祝贺与祝愿 (Expressing wishes and congratulations)A. Have a good day / time!Have a good journey / trip!Good luck!Enjoy yourself!Best wishes to you.Happy New Year!Merry Christmas!Happy birthday!Wish you all the success! Congratulations!Well done!B. Thank you.You, too.The same to you.(9)提供帮助 (Offering help)A. Do you want me to clean the room? Can I help you?Would you like me to help you? What can I do for you?Let me take your bags.B1. Yes, please. Yes, thanks.Thank you.That would be nice / fine.Thank you for your (the) help.B2. No, thanks / thank you.Thank you all the same.That's very kind of you, but I can manage it myself.(10)约会(Making appointments )A. Will you be free tomorrow?Do you have time this afternoon?How about tomorrow morning?When / Where shall we meet?Could we meet at 4:30?Let's make it 4:30.B1. Yes, I'll be free then.All right. See you then.B2. I'm afraid I have no time then.Sorry, I won't be free then. But I'll be free tomorrow.(11) 打 (Making telephone calls )A. Hello! May I speak to Tom?Hello! I'd like to speak to Mr. Green.Is that Liu Ying speaking?Can I leave a message?I'll call back later / again.I'll ring him / her up again.B. Hello! This is Mary speaking.Hello, who is this?Hold on, please.Just a moment, please.Hello, who's speaking?Sorry. He / She isn't here right now.Can I take a message?Sorry. I can't hear you.The line is bad / busy.I couldn't get through.Sorry, I'm afraid you have the wrong number.(12) 就餐 (Having meals)A. Would you like something to eat / drink? What would you like (to have)?Would you like some more fish?Help yourself to some fish.Which do you prefer, rice or noodles?What would you like to drink, tea or coffee? B1.Yes, I'd like a drink.I'd like rice and chicken.Just a little, please.Can I have some more soup?It's so delicious. Thank you.I prefer noodles to rice. I like green tea. B2. No, thank you. I've had enough.I'm full, thank you.It's very delicious, but I can't eat any more.(13)就医 (Seeing the doctor)A. What's the matter?What seems to be the trouble?Do you have a fever?How long have you felt like this?It's nothing serious.Take this medicine three times a day.You'll be all right / well soon.Give up smoking and keep on taking more exercises.B. I have a headache / cough / fever.I feel terrible / bad / horrible / awful.I don't feel well.I've got a pain here.It hurts here.I don't feel like eating.I can't sleep well.(14)购物 (Shopping)A. Can / May I help you?What can I do for you?How many / much would you like?What colour / size / kind would you like?What about this one?Here's your change.B. I want /I'd like a pair of shoes.How much is it / are they?May I try it on?It's too big / small.Sorry, it's too expensive.Do you have any other colours / sizes / kinds?Two and a half kilos / pounds, please.That's fine. I'll take it.Just have a look.Well, I'11 think about it.(15) 问路 (Asking the way)A. Excuse me. Where's the washroom?Can you tell me how to get to the post office?Excuse me. Which bus goes to World Park?Excuse me. Which is the way to the Bank of China?Excuse me. Could you tell me the way t6 the station, please? How can I get to No. 4 Middle School?B1. It's over there.It's about 400 metres from here.Go down this street until you see the tall red building.Turn right / left at the first / second crossing / comer.You can't miss it.You can take bus No. 103.You'd better take a taxi. ?B2. Sorry. I don't know. I'm a stranger here.(16)谈论天气 (Talking about weather)A. What's the weather like today?How's the weather in Beijing?What a cold / hot day today!It's a nice / fine / beautiful day today.B. It's sunny / cloudy / windy / rainy / snowy / foggy.It's getting cool / cold / warm / hot.(17)语言交际困难(Language difficulties in communication)Pardon?I beg your pardon? I don't understand. Sorry, I can't follow you. Could you say that again, please?Could you repeat that, please? Can you speak more slowly, please? What do you mean by that?How do you say ... in English?I don't know how to say that in English.I don't know the word in English.How do you spell it, please?I'm sorry I only know a little English.(18)提醒注意 (Reminding and warning)Don't forget your raincoat. Remember to lock the door. Make sure that all the windows are closed.Mind your head/step!No smoking!No spitting!Wet floor!Look out!Be careful!Don't touch!It's dangerous!(19)劝告(Advice)You'd better go to see the doctor.You should listen to and read English everyday.You need to buy a Chinese-English dictionary.If I were you, I'd phone him now.Don't rush / hurry/ push. Please stand in line.(20) 建议(Suggestions)Let's go and have a look.Should we go now?What / How about a picnic this Sunday?Why don't you buy a computer?Why not go to a movie?（二）态度 (Attitudes)(21) 同意和不同意 (Agreement and disagreement) Sure. Certainly.That's correct.Of course. All right.I agree.No problem.That's a good idea.Yes, I think so.No way.Of course not.I don't agree.I don't think so.I'm afraid not.(22)喜欢和不喜欢(Likes and dislikes)This book is very interesting.I like / love the movie (very much).I like / love to play computer games.I like taking photos.I enjoy listening to music.I'm interested in science.He is fond of music.This song is bad / awful.I don't like the movie very much / at all.I don't enjoy collecting stamps.I hate to do homework.(23)肯定和不肯定 (Certainty and uncertainty)I'm sure.I'm sure of that.I'm (quite) sure (that) she'll join us.There is no doubt that it's made of silk.It's clear that it will rain soon.I'm not so sure.I'm not sure of that.I'm not sure whether / if she can come.Maybe you're right.Perhaps she is at home now.It's hard to say.(24)可能和不可能 (Possibility and impossibility)A. He can / may come today.It may snow tonight. It's possible to finish the homework before 6 o'clock.B. He can't be in the office now.It's impossible to finish my homework within one hour.(25)能够和不能够 (Ability and inability)He can ride a bike. He's able to pass the math exam.He is good at football.He can't swim.He's unable to walk any more.She's not good at swimming.(26)偏爱和爱好 (Preference and hobbies)I prefer tea. Which do you prefer, tea or coffee?I prefer tea to coffee.I'd prefer to go by train.I like English better / the best.My favourite subject is physics.I'd rather drink coffee than tea,Where would you rather go, London or Tokyo?(27)意愿和打算 (Intentions and plans)I'll go with you.I'm going to see my head teacher this afternoon.I'd like to make a phone call to her after class.I want / hope to find an English pen-friend.I plan to go to Hangzhou this summer.We are ready to move to a new house.I am thinking of driving to Beijing.I won't see the movie again.I'm not going to buy the book.I don't want to live in the big city.(28)希望和愿望(Hope and wish)I wish to see you again.I hope to become a doctor.I hope it stays fine.I wish I were younger.I hope so.I hope not.(29)表扬和鼓励(Praise and encouragement)A. Very good!Well done!Wonderful!Excellent!You speak English very well.Your dress is beautiful!Come on! Keep trying!You can do it!B. Thank you.OK. I'll try it again.(30)责备和抱怨(Blame and complaint)What do you mean by doing so?How could you cheat your teacher?Why didn't you tell me the truth?I'm sorry to have said that, but this room is too dirty, Why don't you do something about it?(31) 冷淡(Indifference)I don't care,I don't care what you do.It doesn't matter to me.I don't mind if you smoke.It's none of my business.（三）情感(Emotions)(32)高兴(Happiness)How wonderful / nice!That's lovely / great / wonderful!I'm so happy.It's well done.I'm pleased to know that.(33)惊奇(Surprise)Really?Oh dear!Is that so?What a surprise!How nice to see you!How surprising!I'm surprised.It surprises me that your English is so beautiful. Does that surprise you?Is this what you expected?(34)忧虑(Worries)What's wrong?What's the matter?Anything wrong?What should we do?Is something worrying you?Are you worried about your health?(35)安慰(Reassurance)There, there. Don't be afraid.Don't worry.It's (quite) all right.It'll be OK / all right.(36)满意(Satisfaction)Good!Well done!Perfect!That's fine.That's better.That's good enough.I'm pleased with your spoken English.(37)遗憾(Regret)I'm so sorry!It's a great pity!What a shame!That's too bad!(38)同情(Sympathy)I'm so sorry!I'm so sorry about your illness.I'm sorry to hear you are going away.(39)恐惧 (Fear)Help!How terrible!I'm afraid of that dog.I'm frightened.（四）时间(Time)(41)时刻(Point of time)A. Excuse me. What's the time, please?Excuse me. What time is it?Have you got the time?When did you come to China?What time do you get up every day?B. It's half past five / twenty to nine.I came to China in 1998.I get up at 6 o'clock.(42)时段(Duration)A. How long have you been in this school?How long does it take you to get to school? When did you live in Beijing?How long have you been ill?B. I have been in this school for three years. It takes me twenty minutes by bike.I lived in Beijing from 1996 to 1999.I have been ill since last Monday night.(43) 频度(Frequency)A. How often do you go to movies?B. I go to the movie once a week.I often/never go to movies.(44) 时序(Sequence)What did you do next?Finally we found our way out.It rained even harder later on.（五）空间(Space)(45)位置(Position)A. Where is the picture?B. It's on / at / above / in / under / beside / near / behind the table. He sits at the back of the room.The lab is in the centre of the school.(46)方向(Direction)A. Which is the way to the station?Where is the train / bus going?Where are you going?B. Go down this street, and turn left / right at the first crossing. The train is going to Xi'an.The train is going to the east / west / south / north.I'm going to the railway station. I'm leaving for Shanghai.(47)距离(Distance)A. How far is your school from here?B. It's about 40 minutes by bike.It's about 6 kilometres / miles away.（六）存在(Existence)(48) 存在(Existence)A. Is there a bird in the tree?Are there any apples in the tree?What's in the tree?B. Yes, there is / are.There's a bird in the tree.There are many / a lot of birds in the tree.(49) 不存在(Non-existence)A. Is there an English book in the schoolbag?Are there any English books in the schoolbag?Isn't there any water in the bottle?B. No, there isn't / aren't (any).There isn't an English book in the schoolbag.There aren't any English books in the schoolbag.No, there's no water in the bottle.There's no more paper in the printer.（七）特征(Features)(50)形状(Shape)A. What does it look like?What's the shape of the clouds?B. It looks like a camel.It's round / long / tall / short.It's a circle / square.It's a U-shaped road.(51)颜色(Colour)A. What colour is the bag?B. It's green / red / blue / yellow / black / white / orange / purple / dark blue.I like the photo in black and white.(52)材料 (Material)A. What's the table made of?What's the red wine made from?B. It's made of wood.It's made from grapes.I bought a woolen sweater yesterday.(53)价格(Price)A. How much is the dictionary?How much is it?How much are they?Is it cheap / expensive?B. The dictionary costs me 100 yuan.The dictionary is expensive / cheap.(54)规格(Size)A. What size is your sweater?What size shoes do you wear?B. The size of my sweater is XXL.It's too big / small / long / short for me.(55) 年龄(Age)A. How old are you?How old is he / she?B. I'm eighteen.He / She is six years old. Uncle Wang is an old man.（八）计量(Measurement)(56)长度(Length)A. How long is the bridge?B. It's 430 metres / feet long.(57)宽度(Width)A. How wide is the river?B. It's about 200 metres wide.(58)高度(Height)A. How tall / high is the building?B. It's 130 metres tall / high.The building has 85 floors / stories.(59) 数量(Number)A. How many students are there in your class?How much water do you drink every day?B. There are forty students in our class.I drink five glasses of water every day.（九）比较 (Comparison)(60)同级比较 (Equal comparison)My ruler is as long as yours.I can run as fast as you can.This book is not as interesting as that one.I can't run so fast as you can.(61)差别比较(Comparative and superlative)Lily is younger than Kate.The red skirt is more expensive than the yellow one.I run faster than Jim.Mrs. Baker walks more slowly than Mr. Baker.Jim is the tallest in his class.Tom is the best of all.(62)相似和差别(Similarity and difference)This picture is the same as that one on the wall. Lucy is like her mother.Tom looks like his father.My picture is different from yours.There are five differences between the two pictures.（十）逻辑关系(Logical relations)(63)原因和结果 (Cause and effect )A. Why are you late for school?How could you miss the train / plane?B. Because I got up late this morning.As he was ill, he couldn't come to school.Since she did not feel well, she stayed at home. Because of the bad traffic, we missed the train. He ate too much, so he did not feel well.(64)目的(Purpose)A. Why are you here today?Why did you do that?B. I came here to see you off.（十一）职业 (Occupation)(65)工作(Job)A.What do you do?What's your job?What are you going to be?B. I'm a teacher / doctor / worker / farmer / businessman / manager. I'm going to be a scientist / computer engineer.(66)单位(Employer)A. Where do you work?B. I'm teaching English In a high-school..。
2012年高考英语
2012年高考英语一、概述高考是中国教育系统中最重要的考试之一，对于每位即将毕业的高中生来说都具有重要意义。
而英语作为其中的一门科目，在考试中占据着重要的位置。
本文将回顾2012年高考英语科目的主要内容、考题形式以及备考策略，为即将参加高考的学生提供一些建议。
二、考试内容1. 听力理解听力理解是高考英语科目中的第一部分，考察考生对于英语听力的理解能力。
在2012年的高考中，听力理解的形式包括听短对话、听长对话、听短文等。
考生需要根据听到的内容，回答相关的问题。
备考建议：平时要多进行听力练习，提高对于英语听力的理解能力。
可以通过听英语广播、音频材料等进行训练。
2. 阅读理解阅读理解是高考英语科目中的第二部分，考察考生对于英语阅读的理解能力。
在2012年的高考中，阅读理解的形式包括选择题、填空题、判断题等。
考生需要根据所给的文章，回答相关的问题。
备考建议：平时要多进行英语阅读训练，提高对于英语文章的理解能力。
可以选择一些英文报纸、杂志或者网络文章进行阅读。
3. 完形填空完形填空是高考英语科目中的第三部分，考察考生对于英语语法和词汇的掌握能力。
在2012年的高考中，完形填空的形式包括根据文章内容，选择正确的单词或短语来填空。
备考建议：平时要多进行词汇和语法的复习，掌握常见的单词和短语用法。
可以通过做题和练习，熟悉完形填空的题型和解题技巧。
4. 语法填空语法填空是高考英语科目中的第四部分，同样考察考生对于英语语法的掌握能力。
在2012年的高考中，语法填空的形式包括根据句意和语法规则，填写正确的词形或词性。
备考建议：要对英语语法的基本知识有一定的了解和掌握。
可以通过做题和练习，熟悉语法填空的题型和解题技巧。
5. 短文改错短文改错是高考英语科目中的第五部分，考察考生对于英语语法和词汇的使用能力。
在2012年的高考中，短文改错的形式包括找出并改正文章中的错误。
备考建议：要对英语语法和词汇有一定的掌握和运用能力。
2012山东高考英语
2012年山东高考英语一、介绍2012年山东高考英语考试是山东省举办的一次重要考试。
英语作为一门国际通用语言，对于现代社会的发展有着重要的意义。
通过参加山东高考英语考试，考生们可以展示自己的英语水平，并且获得进入大学的资格。
下面将对2012年山东高考英语考试的内容和特点进行详细介绍。
二、考试内容1. 听力测试听力测试是山东高考英语考试的第一部分，考察考生听力和理解能力。
考试内容包括长对话、短对话、听力理解和听写等。
考生需通过听力材料，选择正确答案或填写相应信息。
2. 阅读理解阅读理解是山东高考英语考试的第二部分，考察考生阅读能力和理解能力。
考试内容包括短文阅读和长文阅读，考生需根据阅读材料，回答相关问题或完成相关任务。
3. 完形填空完形填空是山东高考英语考试的第三部分，考察考生对词汇、语法和阅读理解的综合能力。
考试内容包括一篇短文和若干个空格，考生需根据上下文，选择正确的词语填写在相应空格中。
4. 语法填空语法填空是山东高考英语考试的第四部分，考察考生语法和词汇的运用能力。
考试内容包括一篇短文和若干个空格，考生需根据语法规则和词汇知识，选择正确的词语填写在相应空格中。
5. 写作写作是山东高考英语考试的最后一部分，考察考生的表达能力和写作能力。
考试要求考生根据指定的题目或要求，写出一篇符合语法规范和逻辑连贯的短文。
三、考试特点2012年山东高考英语考试有以下几个特点：1. 综合能力考察山东高考英语考试注重综合能力的考察，涉及听力、阅读、语法、写作等多个方面。
考生需要具备全面的英语能力，才能在考试中取得好成绩。
2. 语法和词汇的重要性虽然山东高考英语考试注重的是综合能力，但语法和词汇的掌握仍然是取得好成绩的基础。
考生需要在考前复习时，重点关注语法和词汇的学习。
3. 阅读能力的考察阅读理解是山东高考英语考试的重要环节，对考生的阅读能力要求较高。
考试内容包括短文和长文，考生需准确理解文意并正确回答问题。
英语高考双项细目表分析.
福建英语高考双项细目表分析第一章听力一．考纲对听力部分的要求：听力是与外国人直接交往中必不可少的一种语言能力。
该部分要求考生听懂有关日常生活中所熟悉话题的简单独白和对话。
考生应能：①理解主旨要义②获取事实性的具体信息③对所听内容作出简单推断④理解说话者的意图、观点和态度。
二．备选材料特点：所选语料尽可能贴近学生生活实际，结合教材话题，体现其真实动机、真实心态、真实人际关系和真实交际策略的实际语言活动。
对话内容多涉及考纲话题，如：健康、天气、文娱与体育、购物、饮食、兴趣爱好、个人情感、人际关系、计划与愿望、学校生活、日常活动、周围环境、个人情况、家人朋友、节假日活动等。
三．高考听力设问一览表12. Where did the woman come 17. What does Mr Henry Stone do?20. Why was the woman at the四．听力训练建议：1、1）着力于前五小题的训练2）套题模拟训练2、确保训练时间：每周二,三集中训练两次；学生尽可能课后自行练习听力,精听泛听都可。
3、要点讲评到位，可通过阅读听力原文,进行常错问题的小结与反思。
4、注意听力方法的点拔，教会学生必要的听力技巧。
1）、把握听前时间：看题、了解题干与选项，做到听时心中有数、有的放矢；听时注意记录关键词。
2）、题干与选项一定要看清楚、能对语料整体理解与把握。
3）、会揣摩说话者意图；能将信息综合、加工处理及正确推断材料中隐含的信息。
5、应试策略1）善于抓住敏感信息，抓关键词2）善于排除干扰、抓住真实信息3）善于在整体理解的基础上，正确推断主旨4）善于综合各种信息，进行快速推理判断6、听力训练强化的几点参考措施：1）对错误类的题目给予这一类题型的指导与强化训练。
2）建议学生听后阅读听力材料，标出影响选项的关键词，并积累。
3）重视听前快速浏览题干与选项，重点把握前五题。
总之，教师应要求学生加强平时训练，能持之以恒。
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2012年高考英语功能意念项目表：
1．社会交往(Social Communications)
（1）问候(Greetings)
（2）介绍(Introduction)
（3）告别(Farewells)
（4）感谢(Thanks)
（5）道歉(Apologies)
（6）邀请(Invitation)
（7）请求允许(Asking for permission)
（8）祝愿和祝贺(Expressing wishes and congratulations) （9）提供帮助(Offering help)
（10）接受和拒绝(Acceptance and refusal)
（11）约会(Making appointments)
（12）打电话(Making telephone calls)
（13）就餐(Having meals)
（14）就医(Seeing the doctor)
（15）购物(Shopping)
（16）问路(Asking the way)
（17）谈论天气(Talking about weather)
（18）语言交际困难(Language difficulties in communication) （19）提醒注意(Reminding)
（20）警告和禁止(Warning and prohibition)
（21）劝告(Advice)
（22）建议(Suggestions)
2．态度(Attitudes)
（23）同意和不同意(Agreement and disagreement)
（24）喜欢和不喜欢(Likes and dislikes)
（25）肯定和不肯定(Certainty and uncertainty)
（26）可能和不可能(Possibility and impossibility)
（27）能够和不能够(Ability and inability)
（28）偏爱和优先选择(Preference)
（29）意愿和打算(Intentions and plans)
（30）希望和愿望(Hopes and wishes)
（31）表扬和鼓励(Praise and encouragement)
（32）责备和抱怨(Blame and complaint)
（33）冷淡(Indifference)
（34）判断与评价(Judgement and evaluation)
3．情感(Emotions)
（35）高兴(Happiness)
（36）惊奇(Surprise)
（37）忧虑(Worries)
（38）安慰(Reassurance)
（39）满意(Satisfaction)
（40）遗憾(Regret)
（41）同情(Sympathy)
（42）恐惧(Fear)
（43）愤怒(Anger)
4．时间(Time)
（44）时刻(Point of time)
（45）时段(Duration)
（46）频度(Frequency)
（47）时序(Sequence)
5．空间(Space)
（48）位置(Position)
（49）方向(Direction)
（50）距离(Distance)
6．存在(Existence)
（51）存在与不存在(Existence and Non-existence)
7．特征(Features)
（52）形状(Shape)
（53）颜色(Colour)
（54）材料(Material)
（55）价格(Price)
（56）规格(Size)
（57）年龄(Age)
8．计量(Measurement)
（58）长度(Length)
（59）宽度(Width)
（60）高度(Height)
（61）数量(Number)
9．比较(Comparison)
（62）同级比较(Equal comparison)
（63）差别比较(Comparative and superlative)
（64）相似和差别(Similarity and difference)
10．逻辑关系(Logical relations)
（65）原因和结果(Cause and effect)
（66）目的(Purpose)
11．职业(Occupations)
（67）工作(Jobs)
（68）单位(Employer)
附录：
话题项目表
1．个人情况(Personal information)
2．家庭、朋友与周围的人(Family, friends and people around) 3．周围的环境(Personal environments)
4．日常活动(Daily routines)
5．学校生活(School life)
6．兴趣与爱好(Interests and hobbies)
7．个人感情(Emotions)
8．人际关系(Interpersonal relationships)
9．计划与愿望(Plans and intentions)
10．节假日活动(Festivals, holidays and celebrations)
11．购物(Shopping)
12．饮食(Food and drink)
13．健康(Health)
14．天气(Weather)
15．文娱与体育(Entertainment and sports)
16．旅游和交通(Travel and transport)
17．语言学习(Language learning)
18．自然(Nature)
19．世界与环境(The world and the environment)
20．科普知识与现代技术(Popular science and mondern technology) 21．热点话题(Topical issues)
22．历史与地理(History and geography)
23．社会(Society)
24．文学与艺术(Literature and art)。