graph writing
大学英语四级图表作文
Graph Composition Pattern ( II )
说明图表概况 The graphs show us (1) ________________ ______________________________________. There are many reasons explaining this situation. As for me,I consider the followings 理由一 the important ones. Firstly, (2)____________ 理由二 ____________. Secondly, (3)______________ 理由三 _____________. In addition, (4)____________ ______________. Above all, we now know about the problem and we should try to find some ways to solve it.
Sample writing
F r o m t h e d i a g r a m i t c a n b e s a f el y concluded that Florida had developed much more rapidly than the U.S. as a whole. Thus, job opportunities were more plentiful and people specialized in manufacturing , hightechnology and other fields were more certain to achieve success in their careers in Florida than in any other state in the United States.
英语四级作文题型
英语四级作文题型英语四级考试，即CET-4（College English Test Band 4），是中国大学生英语水平的一项重要测试。
四级作文部分主要考查学生的基本英语写作能力，包括对信息的组织、语言的运用以及对特定话题的表达能力。
以下是英语四级作文的几种常见题型：1. 图表作文（Graph Writing）考生需要根据所给的图表（如柱状图、线图、饼图等）进行分析，描述图表中的趋势、比较或分类，并就图表所反映的现象提出自己的看法或建议。
2. 议论文（Argumentative Essay）议论文要求考生就某一话题或问题表达自己的立场，并提供相应的论据支持。
考生需要清晰地表达观点，逻辑严密地展开论证。
3. 说明文（Expository Essay）说明文要求考生对某一事物或现象进行解释说明，可以包括定义、原因、过程或方法等。
考生需要条理清晰地组织文章结构。
4. 应用文（Practical Writing）应用文通常包括书信、通知、广告、简历等实用文体。
考生需要根据具体情境，使用恰当的语言和格式完成写作任务。
5. 故事续写（Story Continuation）考生需要根据所给的故事开头，发挥想象力，继续编写故事。
这种题型考查考生的创造性思维和语言运用能力。
6. 图画作文（Picture Writing）与图表作文不同，图画作文通常涉及对一幅或多幅图画的描述和分析，考生需要描述画面内容，并就图画所表达的主题或寓意进行讨论。
7. 观点对比（Point of View Comparison）考生需要对两种或多种不同的观点进行比较和分析，阐述每种观点的理由，并提出自己的看法。
在准备英语四级作文时，考生应该熟悉这些题型，并练习不同类型的写作技巧。
此外，注意词汇的积累、句型的多样性以及语法的准确性也是提高写作能力的关键。
雅思g类写作题型
雅思g类写作题型雅思（IELTS）G类写作是针对移民、工作和一般生活的一种英语写作考试。
与雅思的A类写作（学术类）相比，G类写作更加实用，更侧重于测试考生在实际生活和工作场景中的写作能力。
以下是雅思G类写作可能涉及的主题和题型：1.信函（Letter Writing）:•书写给朋友、家人或工作同事的信函。
•投诉信、请求信、道歉信等。
2.任务一：图表描述（Graph Description）:•描述表格、图表、图表或图示的趋势、数据变化等。
3.任务一：流程图描述（Process Diagram）:•描述一个过程或流程的图表。
4.任务一：地图描述（Map Description）:•描述地图上的位置、变化、规划等。
5.任务一：图表比较（Comparison）:•比较两个或多个图表的信息。
6.任务二：观点论述（Opinion Essay）:•针对特定话题提出观点，支持或反对，并给出相关理由。
7.任务二：问题解决（Problem-Solution Essay）:•阐述特定问题，并提出解决方案，给出支持性的论据。
8.任务二：讨论论文（Discussion Essay）:•讨论特定问题的正反观点，提供自己的观点，并给出论据。
9.任务二：优缺点分析（Advantages and DisadvantagesEssay）:•分析特定主题或问题的优势和劣势。
10.任务二：提议型论文（Advise Essay）:•提出对特定问题的建议，并给出相关理由。
在考试前，建议熟悉不同类型题目的写作结构和格式，进行一些写作训练。
同时，注意提高语言表达能力和逻辑思维能力，这对于写作表达非常重要。
实际练习和模拟考试也是提高写作水平的有效途径。
四级英语作文全部题型分值
四级英语作文全部题型分值四级英语，即大学英语四级考试（CET-4），是中国大学生英语水平的一项标准化测试。
四级考试的作文部分是考查学生英语写作能力的重要环节。
以下是四级英语作文的题型和分值分布：1. 短文写作（Short Essay Writing）- 分值：通常占作文总分的大部分，大约在100-120分之间。
- 题型：考生需要根据给定的题目或提示，写一篇短文。
这可能包括描述性、叙述性或议论性的文章。
2. 图表作文（Chart or Graph Writing）- 分值：约50-70分。
- 题型：考生需根据所提供的图表或图形数据，进行分析并撰写一篇作文。
这要求学生能够理解数据并用英语进行准确描述。
3. 图画作文（Picture Writing）- 分值：约50-70分。
- 题型：考生需根据所提供的图画内容，进行描述或发表观点。
这种题型考查学生对图画的理解以及用英语表达思想的能力。
4. 书信写作（Letter Writing）- 分值：约50-70分。
- 题型：考生需根据题目要求，写一封书信。
书信可以是正式或非正式的，考查学生书写应用文的能力。
5. 命题作文（Argumentative Essay）- 分值：约100-120分。
- 题型：考生需对给定的主题或观点进行论证，撰写一篇议论文。
这要求学生能够有逻辑地组织论点并用英语进行辩论。
四级英语作文的总分通常为15%至20%的考试总分，具体的分值比例会根据不同年份的考试大纲有所变化。
考生在准备四级英语作文时，应该熟悉各种题型，并练习写作技巧，以提高写作水平和考试成绩。
Writing 2 如何写图表作文 graph writing
—如何描述图表信息
• 注意抓住图表个性( characteristic)。不同 类型的图表反映的信息重点不一样：柱状图的 描写重点在于比较和对比；曲线图重点在于描 述曲线的上升与下降趋势，并对明显的高峰和 低谷进行细节描写；饼状图应该依次描写，突 出重点，如果有几个饼图，还应作对应的比较； 表格信息相对而言不很直观，应在仔细阅读之 后发现其特点，找出突出鲜明的信息对比描写。
图表信息较多时，可以在描述数据变化和比较数据 时顺便将静态数据写出来，如： In managerial positions, there are more males than females ( 10% and 5% respectively).
第三部分：Conclusion 得出结论
• 不要写得太多，一两句话就可以了，重点 在第二部分。 • 基于图表分析原因或展望未来，不要加入 主观想象或评论。
2）减少、下降趋势
to decline/an decline, to collapse/a collapse, to drop/a drop, to go down, to decrease/a decrease, to fall/a fall, to reduce/ a reduction, downward trend, move downwards, slump(暴跌).
Writing Practice
•Task: The chart below shows the number of men and women in further education in Britain in three periods and whether they were studying full time or part time.
ielts Bar_graph writing
Bar graphWrite a report for a university lecturer describing the information below.Write at least 150 words.1. The graph below shows the different modes of transport used to travel to and from work in one European city in 1960, 1980 and 2000.The graph shows the changing patterns in commuting by train, car, tube or bus for commuters in London in the years 1960, 1980 and 2000.The number of people using trains at first rose from just under 20% in 1960 to about 26% in 1980, but then fell back to about 23% in 2000.Use of the tube has been relatively stable, falling from around 27% of commuters in 1960 to 22% in 1980, but climbing back to reach 25% by 2000.On the other hand, the use of cars increased steadily from just over 5% in 1960 to 23% in 1980, reaching almost 40% by 2000, whereas the popularity of buses has declined since 1960, falling from just under 35% in 1960 to 27% in 1980 and only 15% in 2000.The graph indicates the growing use of cars for commuting to work between 1960 - 2000, and the corresponding decline in the popularity of buses from being the most popular mode of transport in 1960 to the least popular in 2000.2. UAE Moves Ahead in health, EducationJanuary 22, 2003The graphs show health and education spending and changes in life expectancy and infant mortality in the UAE. Overall, as the percentage spent on health and education increases, infant mortality and life expectancy improve.Graph 1 shows the percentage of GDP spent on health and education between 1985 and 1993. There were big increases in both areas. Health spending stood at about 8% in 1985 but rose to 9% in 1990 and 10% in 1993. Spending on education was even higher. It was 10% in 1985, and shot up to 14% in 1990 and 15% in 1993, a 50% increase in just 8 years.Graph 2 shows improvements in life expectancy and infant mortality between 1970 and 1992. Life expectancy was just 60 in 1970 but rose to almost 72 in 1992. In contrast, the number of babies dying dropped dramatically, from 60 per 1000 in 1970 to only 22 in 1992.In conclusion, people in the UAE are living longer and healthier lives because of the government's spending on education and medical facilities3. Fast FoodThe graph shows weekly expenditure on fast food in Britain by food and income group. There are two main trends. First, the expenditure is directly related to income. Secondly, there are differences in the types of fast food eaten by each group.The amount of money spent on fast food is related to income. People in the high-income group spent the most - over 85 pence per person per week. People in the low-income group spent the least - less than half of what the high-income earners spent.The type of fast food eaten also depends on the group. High-income earners spent 3 times more on hamburgers than people in the low-income group. Pizza was generally the least favorite food. Fish and chips were the most popular food with the low-income group but consumption was fairly similar among all groups. (138 words)4. Computer useThe chart shows striking differences in the level of computer and Internet penetration in the Arab world.The UAE and Kuwait are by far the most computerized countries, with Lebanon a distant third. The UAE has over 150 computers for every 1000 inhabitants, compared to Kuwait's 130 and Lebanon's 60. In contrast, countries such as Egypt, Morocco and Syria have less than 20 computers per 1000 inhabitants.There are also great differences in Internet use and availability. The UAE has by far the highest proportion of users, with more than one-third of its population using the Internet. Kuwait and Lebanon are second and third again, with 100 users per thousand in Kuwait and 80 in Lebanon. In some countries the number using the Internet is negligible: Saudi Arabia has less than 20 users per thousand, and there are fewer than 5 users per thousand in Syria.One unusual feature of the graph is that Internet use does not seem to be directly related to the number of computers. In several countries (the UAE, Lebanon, Jordan and Oman), there are more Internet users per thousand people than computers. However, in other countries, such as Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and Syria, the number of Internet users is lower than the number of computers.In summary, there are major differences between computer use and Internet use in the Arab world, but the UAE clearly leads the area in both number of computers and number of internet users per capita.5. Internet UseThe graph shows changes in the age profile of Internet users in Taiwan between 1998 and 2000.The main users of the Internet in Taiwan are young adults between 16 and 30 years old. In 1998, they accounted for more than half of all users. In 1999 the number dropped slightly to 45%, but even in 2000 they were the biggest group.The second biggest group of users is aged between 31 and 50. They made up 41% in 1998, falling slightly to 37% in 2000. When combined with the 16-30 age group, over 94% of users in 1998 were between 16 and 50.However this number is dropping steadily as more children and older users log on. In 1999, the number of children online quadrupled from 2% to 8%, and it continued to increase in 2000. There were similar increases for older users, rising from 4% in 1998 to 10% in 2000.In summary, while adults between 16 and 50 still represent the great majority of Internet users in Taiwan, their share is declining as more children and older users join the web. (180 words)6. HCT GraduatesThe chart shows male and female graduates from the Higher Colleges of T echnology colleges in the UAE.The most outstanding feature of the graph is female graduates outnumber males in all the colleges. For example, in Dubai, there are 30% more women graduates than men. There are also large differences in Al Ain and in Ras Al Khaimah. However, the number of men and women is almost equal in the colleges in Abu Dhabi.There are also big differences in the sizes of the colleges. Ras Al Khaimah has less than 300 students altogether, while Abu Dhabi has about 600 and Dubai has almost 1000In summary, women outnumber men in all the colleges, and there are significant differences in the sizes of the colleges.(124 words)7. Oil productionThe graph shows Oil Production Capacity in millions of barrels per day for selected Gulf countries. There are several features in this graph.The most significant feature is that oil production will increase sharply in almost all the countries shown. Kuwait and Iraq are both expected to double their output between 1990 and 2010, with Kuwait's production rising from 1.8 million barrels per day (bpd) in 1990 to 3.8 in 2010. Iran will also increase its output by a slightly smaller amount. After remaining steady at 2.5 million bpd from 1990 to 2000, the UAE's output is expected to approach 4.0 million bpd in 2010. Only Qatar's production is predicted to fall, back to 0.8 million bpd after a slight rise in 2000.However, the greatest increase will be from Saudi Arabia. In 1990, its output capacity at 8.5 million bpd exceeded the combined production of Iran, Iraq and Kuwait. This lead is expected to continue with a 75% increase in production to 14.5 million bpd 2010.In summary, while most of the countries are expected to show increases, Saudi Arabia will maintain and strengthen its position as the major producer.(194 words)8. Heart attacksThe graph shows how age and gender influence the frequency of heart attacks in the US.Less than 6% of all heart attacks occur in the 29-44 age group. The number of women who suffer heart attacks in this group is negligible - only 3000 per year, compared to 123,000 men.However the proportion of men and women with heart attacks rises dramatically between 45 and 64, with over half a million per year. Over 420,000 men a year in this age group have heart attacks. The incidence amongst women increases - women have one heart attack for every three men in this age group.Over the age of 65, the number of men suffering heart attacks only increases slightly. However there is a huge increase in the number of women with heart attacks - they comprise over 40% of all victims.In conclusion, men are more likely to be the victims of heart attacks at all ages, but women are increasingly likely over the age of 65.9. Fertility ratesThe chart shows striking changes in the fertility rate of women in six Gulf countries – Saudi Arabia, the UAE, Oman, Qatar, Kuwait and Bahrain between 1990 and 2000.In the ten year period, there was a decline in the number of births per woman in all countries. The biggest declines were in two countries, which had low fertility rates at the start of the decade, Bahrain and the UAE.Fertility rates vary greatly between the six countries. Oman and Saudi Arabia had the highest rates, with over seven births per woman in 1990. This compared with around 4 births per woman in Bahrain and the UAE, and just 3.75 in KuwaitBy 2000, the rate had fallen below three births per woman in Kuwait, Bahrain and the UAE, with a drop of over 25% in a decade in the UAE. However, in Saudi Arabia and Oman, the rates fell by just 20%, from 7.0 to 5.5.In summary, there were major decreases in birth rates in all countries, but some countries in the region have double the fertility rate of others.162 words。
雅思英语专题Writing-line graphs
However, Sweden's proportion of people aged 65 began to rise after 1990. This increase is forecasted to continue until 2010 when the proportion is estimated to be 20%. Then, there is expected to be a slight drop to 18% in 2030, followed by a steep climb to 25% in 2040
charts
The number of marriage in Scotland fell sharply from 9,000 in 1960 to 3,000 in 1970, and continued to decline at a slow rate until around 2,000 in 1985. From 1985 there was a gradual increase in the number of marriages which then leveled off at 3,500 in 1994.
the following 20 hours, bottoming out at 2% at 4:00 a.m.
of the next day. The period from 4:00 am to 6:00 am
saw another slight rise to 4% in radio listeners.
题目图表信息综合 同义替换
P1: INTRODUCTION
SENTENCE
P2
The figure reveals that before 1:00 p.m. there were more radio audiences, while after 1:00 p.m. more people turned to television.
graph-writing课件学习
3
Time Management
• As Part One is worth 10 points and Part Two is worth 20 points, it is sensible to allocate about 25 minutes for Part One and 45 minutes for Part Two. Candidates need to plan and write very quickly.
• 语法结构和词汇表达丰富多变(Wide range of structure and vocabulary)；
• 文章结构完整连贯，层次清晰(Effectively organized, with appropriate use of cohesive devices)；
• 语域与格式使用正确(Register and format consistently appropriate)。
• Part Two:Extended Writing Business Letter, Business Report, or Business Proposal (200 – 250 words), 20 points
2Scoring CriteraBand 5: 很好地完成试题规定的任务,对目标读者完全产 生了预期的效果，给读者的印象颇佳。
contrary, on the other hand, in contrast, despite, in spite of, even though, except (for), instead, of course, after all,
7
5.表示并列关系 • or, and, also, too, not only … but also, as
graph的英语作文
graph的英语作文Title: The Significance and Applications of Graphs。
Graph theory, a fundamental branch of mathematics, has emerged as a powerful tool with diverse applications across various fields, ranging from computer science to social networks. In this essay, we will explore the significance of graphs and delve into their practical applications.To begin with, let us elucidate the essence of a graph.A graph consists of vertices (nodes) and edges (connections), where vertices represent entities, and edges denote relationships or connections between these entities. Graphs can be directed or undirected, weighted or unweighted, depending on the context of the problem being modeled.One of the primary applications of graphs lies in computer science. Graph algorithms play a pivotal role in solving complex computational problems efficiently. Forinstance, graph traversal algorithms such as breadth-first search (BFS) and depth-first search (DFS) are extensively used in various applications like network routing, web crawling, and social network analysis. Additionally, graph representation is crucial in databases and information retrieval systems, facilitating the efficient storage and retrieval of interconnected data.Moreover, graphs find extensive applications in transportation and logistics. Transportation networks, such as road networks, airline routes, and railway systems, can be modeled as graphs, where vertices represent locations, and edges represent connections between them. By analyzing these graphs, transportation planners can optimize routes, minimize travel time, and improve overall efficiency in transportation systems.Furthermore, graphs are indispensable in the field of biology and bioinformatics. Biological networks, such as metabolic networks, protein-protein interaction networks, and gene regulatory networks, can be represented and analyzed using graph theory. This enables biologists togain insights into complex biological processes, identify key biological entities, and discover potential drugtargets for various diseases.In addition to the aforementioned applications, graphs are extensively utilized in social network analysis. Social networks, such as Facebook, Twitter, and LinkedIn, can be modeled as graphs, where vertices represent individuals, and edges represent connections (friendships, followership, etc.) between them. Graph-based algorithms enable researchers to study information diffusion, community detection, and influence propagation in social networks, thereby facilitating targeted marketing, recommendation systems, and sentiment analysis.Furthermore, graphs are instrumental in the field of telecommunications. Communication networks, such as telephone networks and internet infrastructure, can be represented as graphs, where vertices represent communication devices, and edges represent communication links between them. Graph-based algorithms are employed to optimize network routing, allocate resources efficiently,and ensure reliable communication services.In conclusion, graphs serve as a versatile mathematical framework with diverse applications across various domains. From computer science to biology, transportation to telecommunications, graphs provide a powerful abstraction for modeling and analyzing complex systems. As technology advances and interdisciplinary research continues to flourish, the significance of graphs in solving real-world problems is bound to grow exponentially.。
雅思写作范文与练习Writing Task 1 Graph
1．The diagram below shows changes in the popularity of cinema and television (1957-1975).The comparison of change in the popularity of cinema and television between 1957 and 1975 describes that, while the figure of people watching TV continually grew up, the number of cinema attendance kept a downward tendency.The period of 1957 to 1960 witnessed the dramatically decline in the popularity of the cinema, from a maximum of 940 million to 500 million. Undergoing a gradual decrease, the data of cinema attendances dropped to the lowest point at 100 million in 1975.We can see from the chart, in the year of 1960, the value of the two lines reached the same point at 500 million. Interestingly, the number of cinema attendance stayed above 500 million before 1960 and after then the trend reversed. There was a rapid increase in the figure of TV viewers from 500 million in 1960 to a peak of 920 million in q975.The data leads us to the conclusion that the gap between the popularity of cinema and TV would still went up.2．The chart below shows the percentage of people unable to find work in three major countries from 1983 to 1992The line chart describes the change and comparison of unemployment in Canada, Japan and the United Kingdom.In 1983, the percentage of unemployment rate was 12% in Canada and 13% in the United Kingdom. The values declined drastically and then kept constant for several years until reaching the lowest percentage at about 7.8% in Canada from 1988 to 1989 and about 7.0% in the United Kingdom from 1989 to 1990. On the other hand, there was an intersection at approximately 7.8% between Canada and the United Kingdom around 1989.There were significant increase both in Canada and the United Kingdom according to the percentage of unemployment rate after reaching the bottom values. It went back go the original value at 12% in Canada and surged to 10% which was 3 points below the original percentage of 13% in UK.In Japan, there was a slight surging from 2.3% to 3% between 1983 and 1986. After that, the period from 1986 to 1992 witnessed the drop of the value with minor fluctuations, and finally it went back to the original value by 1992.ExerciseYou should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The chart below shows the amount of money per week spent on fast food in Britain. The graph shows the trends in consumption of fast food. You should write at least 150 words.。
Graph Writing
Graph Writing以表格形式(Table),将统计的数据或被说明的事物直接用表格形式体现出来,即统计表。
以曲线形式(line chart / curve diagram)表示数据变化的线形图;以条形方式(bar chart / histogram)表示数据的大小或数量之间的差异的条形图;以圆内扇形(pie chart)的大小表示总体内部结构变化的圆形图。
\开门见山地点明本图表所反映的主题经常使用的词汇有:table, chart, figure, graph, describe, tell, show, represent等等。
分析数据间的主要差异及趋势,然后描写在描写数据间变化及总趋势特征时,可采用分类式或对比式以支持主题,并阐明必要的理由。
要注意层次清楚。
经常使用的词汇有:rise, drop, reduce, increase, decrease, fall, while, but, on the contrary, however, compare... to/ with..., in contrast to, as...as, the same as, similar to, different from, difference between, among, more than, less than等等。
归纳总结或发表评论。
有时第三步可省略经常使用的词汇有:in a word, in short, generally speaking, It's clear from the chart that..., We can draw the conclusion that..., We can learn/know...等等。
【例析1】请你根据下表提供的信息写一篇题为Changes in Chinese People's Diet的短文,短文可分为三小节:1)state the changes in people's diet in the past five years;2)give possible reasons for the changes;3)draw your own conclusions.注意:1. 尽可能少引用数据; 2. 词数100左右。
英语趋势图作文模板
英语趋势图作文模板英文回答：Line Graph Writing Template。
Introduction。
Begin by paraphrasing the topic in your own words.Identify the trend and its direction (increasing, decreasing, stable).State the time frame and source of the data.Body Paragraphs。
Paragraph 1:Describe the overall trend and any significant changes.Provide specific data points to support your observations.Explain the factors that may have contributed to the trend.Paragraph 2 (optional):Discuss any additional notable features of the graph.Compare different time periods or categories within the data.Identify any potential limitations or implications of the data.Conclusion。
Summarize the main findings and restate the trend.Predict potential future developments or implications based on the data.Example Template:Introduction:The line graph provided depicts the global consumption of coffee over the past decade, based on data collected by the International Coffee Organization. The graph shows a steady increase in coffee consumption over the ten-year period.Body Paragraph 1:Overall, global coffee consumption has increased by 25% from 2010 to 2020. In 2010, the world consumed approximately 9 million metric tons of coffee, which increased to almost 11.25 million metric tons in 2020. This growth in consumption is driven by factors such as rising demand in emerging markets and increased popularity of specialty coffee.Body Paragraph 2:Notably, the increase in coffee consumption has been more pronounced in Asia and Eastern Europe. In 2010, Asia accounted for 30% of global coffee consumption, but this Anteil has risen to 35% in 2020. Similarly, Eastern Europe's consumption Anteil has grown from 15% to 18% over the same period. This suggests that the growth in coffee consumption is being driven by new markets rather than established coffee-consuming regions.Conclusion:Based on the data presented, it is evident that global coffee consumption has been steadily increasing over the past decade. Factors such as rising demand in emerging markets and increased popularity of specialty coffee have contributed to this trend. As the demand for coffee continues to grow, it is likely that global consumption will continue to rise in the years to come.中文回答：折线图写作模板。
棒形图英语作文模板
棒形图英语作文模板英文回答：## Bar Graph Writing Template。
Introduction。
Begin by stating the purpose of the bar graph and providing a brief overview of the data it presents.Example: "The purpose of this bar graph is to visually represent the sales figures of our company for the pastfive years."Body Paragraphs。
Each body paragraph should focus on a specific aspect of the data presented in the bar graph.Use specific examples from the graph to support youranalysis.Identify any trends, patterns, or notable differences in the data.Example: "The first bar in the graph shows a significant increase in sales from 2020 to 2021. This could be attributed to the launch of our new product line."Conclusion。
Summarize the main points of your analysis.Highlight any important insights or conclusions that can be drawn from the data.Suggest any potential implications or recommendations based on your findings.Example: "In conclusion, the bar graph indicates a steady growth in sales over the past five years. This demonstrates the success of our marketing strategies andprovides a solid foundation for future growth."Additional Tips。
Part_4_Graph_Writing
barely
rise.
noticeable
slight slow
increase.
upward tend. fluctuation. downward trend. decrease.
gradual
There was a(n) (very) steady marked
dramatic
steep sharp
As we have said at the beginning, sentence patterns in graph writings have been much formularized, so some special sentences may help a lot in the writing. See the following patterns for references.
noun: a drop of 0.7%
-ing forms
a drop in spending of 0.7% After an introductory clause that includes some analysis; e.g. 'Spending rose in all three years', an '_ing' form can be used to describe numbers and dates.
remained steady be unchanged remained constant
did not change
Word
Part of Speech
Example Sentence Total expenditure increased from $33,611m to $39,165m from 1995 to 1996. From 1995 to 1996 there was an increase in expenditure of $5,554m. Expenditure on primary education decreased from 22.2% to 21.5% from 1995 to 1996. From 1995 to 1996 there was a decrease in expenditure of 0.7%.
英语图表作文Graph Writing
structure
It works if you write a general introduction of the topic first to give your readers a general picture, then go to rather detailed interpretation of data, and finally draw a reasonable impersonal conclusion.
However, by 1968 this number increased to 170, and increased again but more steeply and peaked at 320 in 1977. The rate of female smokers then remained stable at 320 until 1984 at which point the figures began to decline and had dropped to 200 by 2000.
In conclusion, it can be clearly seen that the rate of smoking for both men and women is currently declining and that the rate of smoking in men was always at a higher level than the female figures.
steady, gradual, moderate, smooth
slow, slight, marginal, gentle remain the same, remain stable, stay constant, remain steady, level out, level off reach a peak, reach a plateau, hit the lowest point
图表作文Graph Writing
图表作文Graph Writing写作体裁和步骤常见类型*常用模板模板示例*图表描述模拟练习图表分析型图表作文的命题形式是根据图画或者图表，要求考生用简洁、生动的语言把图表中所提供的信息准确、完整地表达出来。
然后进行分析和评论，并得出合乎逻辑的结论。
图表作文是一种信息的转换。
也就是说，写图表作文时，首先要以题目中的要求为指导，审慎读图，准确把握图表传达的信息，将其扩展成文。
图表作文往往是以说明为主，图表中的数据是为了说明某个问题而提供的，只要问题能阐释清楚，就不必面面俱到地把所有数据都在文章中引用出来。
考生要切忌毫无目的地引用图表中的数据。
引用数据过多的同学往往得分很低。
写作体裁---说明文*描述图表的变化为主*分析图表变化的原因为主Writing Steps1)分析图表及说明文字;2)观察数字变化趋势,分析主旨,得出中心论点;3)列提纲;4)写作图表作文的段落设计1. 开头段—--说明该图表反映的概况，选择能充分说明主题的典型数据进行概述；主题句＋图表说明1＋图表说明2＋图表说明32. 中间段—--对数据进行仔细地分析比较，归纳出增减速率，找出产生变化的原因；主题句＋原因1＋原因2＋原因33. 结尾段—--写出看完图表后的想法或评论，得出自己的结论。
主题句+建议+前景预测常见类型根据图表信息写某一现象反映出的问题或发展趋势1)表格(table),它表示多种事物的相互关系2) 柱状(Bar Graph):它用来表示几种事物的变化情况及相互关系3）饼状(Pie Graph):表示各事物在总体中所占的比例及相互关系注意第一，不要“面面俱到”，要“类类俱到”.常用模板及表达以描述变化为主的The 图表名称（table/pie graph/bar graph/line graph）describes (点题). As can be seen from the graph, (简述图表反映出的问题)We can see from the graph that 对图表进行细节描述.All this seems to point to 对未来的展望或自己的结论（noun phrase/the fact that…）. 结尾句.以原因为主的The 图表相应的名称describes 点题. As can be seen from the graph, 概括叙述图表. 展开一两句.Several factors contribute to the change. First, 第一个原因. Second, 第二个原因. Last, 第三个原因.From the analysis above, we can safely conclude that 你的结论. 结尾句.现象解释型模板1) We have witnessed 总体现象.2) According to 描述图表, 具体表现一.3) And 具体表现二.4) Many reasons contribute to 过渡句.5)To begin with, 原因一.6)Moreover, 原因二.7) In addition, 原因三.8) As a result, 导致结果.9) As to me, 作者的看法.10) First of all, 理由一.11) Besides, 理由二.12) To conclude, 总结.第一段：说明图表开篇句：As the bar chart shows, ____ during the years of ____ to ____.扩展句：1、As early as _____.2、Then _____ years later, ____.3、And arriving in the year ____, ____.第二段：解释图表变化原因主题句：Several factors contribute to _____扩展句：1、______. (原因1)2、And ______.(原因2)3、Furthermore, ______ (原因3)4、All these result in ____.第三段：提出解决办法结尾句：However, ____ is faced with some problems.扩展句：1、With _____, ____, the effect of which is not only discouraging, but also challenging.2、So my principle is to pay due attention to ___, but not just to ____.Useful Expressions(1) According to figures shown in the table/graph/chart/pie we can see / conclude that…(2) The graph shows /tells/reveals that…(3) As is sh own/can be seen in the chart that…(4) The table is /gives information/about…(5) The table represents the development and changes in …(6) After considering the information in the table we might conclude that…*From the graph ( table, chart ), we can clearly see the increase ( decrease ) of _______. It added up to ( decreased ) ___________ in 19____, while it increased ( decreased ,were ,was ) to _____in 19____. Therefore, it can be predicated that ________ is ( are ) to be on the rise ( on the decrease) in the future.*There are chiefly _______ reasons for the increase ( decline ). In the first place, owing to ______, _______have realized the importance of _______. Secondly, with the development of ( with the growth of, with the increase of , with the improvement of ), ________ have adopted more active and effective methods.*In spite of what¡¯s mentioned above, there are some problems. The graph indicates that _______ was ( were ) fluctuated ( 波动) . Hence, the situation is still serious and how to improve ________ is still a challenging task.模板示例Sample*As the bar chart shows, the number of people below the poverty line decreased dramatically during the years of 1978 to 1997.As early as 1978, about 250 million people were under the poverty line. Then seven years later, the number became three fifths that of 1978.And arriving in the year 1997, the number was reduced to 50 millions.*Several factors contribute to the sharp decrease of the below-poverty population. The reform and opening following 1978 enabled the peasants to become much better off. And with the development of Chinese economy, that policy also improved city dwellers' lives greatly. Furthermore, the high-tech introduced made it possible for the country's economy as a whole to take off. All these result in the great fall of the Chinese population below the poverty line.*However, a further decrease in the number of poverty-stricken people is faced with some problems. With quite few employees being laid off, the effect of which is not only discouraging, but also challenging. So my principle is to pay due attention to the "newcomers", but not just to care for the poor, say , in remote mountain areas.*Recently, the issue of people below poverty line has aroused much interest. As can be seen from the bar graph, the number of people below poverty line decreased from 1978 to 1997. In 1978, there were 250 million throughout the country while in 1997, only 50 million people were under the line.*Several factors contributed to the decrease. First of all, the government pursued the policies of Reform and Opening to the Outside World which proved to be very effective. In addition, people’s living condition improved a lot. Perhaps the main cause is that the highly developed economy. Therefore, such a change took place.*From the analysis, we can safely conclude that this change will bring us much benefit. However, there are still some problems to be solved, such as the education of people in remote regions and provision of job opportunities for the laid off workers. But I believe this trend will continue, and eventually the problem of people below poverty line will be solved.2）Students in an American University in 20021) 根据上表，简要描述美国某大学学生借阅图书的分布情况.2）你对于这些学生阅读偏爱的评论.3）你通常喜欢阅读哪一类书籍？说明理由.Sample1)We have witnessed that college students vary in reading preference.2) According to the table of the percentage of book circulation in an American university library, the circulation of popular fictions and general nonfictions accounts for 65.9% and 18.2% respectively.3) And the table also shows that the circulation of science / technology/education books and art / literature / poetry books is 10.8% and 5.1% respectively.4) Many reasons contribute to this phenomenon.5) To begin with, popular fictions usually possess more appealing plots than other types of books do, so many readers are attracted by popular fiction. 6) Moreover, popular fictions and general nonfictions are easier to be understood. 7) In addition, science and art books demand certain knowledge in special field of study. 8) As a result, more students tend to choose popular fictions and general nonfictions.9) As to me, I’m in favor of books of science and technology. 10) First of all, in order to deepen what I’m learning, I need read more books relevant to my major and observe the new development in science and technological circles. 11) Besides, these books can also broaden my vision.12) To conclude, college students should choose books according to their interests and needs. Sample3*（1）The chart shows that students are now spending much more time on the computer, from one hour to four hours per week from1990 to1995. (2)It is self-evident that it increases sharply to twenty hours in the year of 2000. (3) Three possible reasons contribute to this phenomenon.*(4) One reason is that most college students now can afford a personal computer due to the sharp decline in its price. (5) Another reason is that they find the computer a wonderful thing to have fun with. (6) For instance, they can chat through QQ or playing games online. (7) What’s more, from Internet, they can learn things much more quickly than simply from reading books so that they can secure a good job in the future. (8) As a result, all these lead to much more time spent on using computers.*(9) However, in my opinion, there are some complaints from both teachers and students.(10) For one thing, students complain about the less availability of computers and slow speed of the network. (11) For another, some teachers worry that the much more time spent playing computer games or surfing online will lead students to ignore their studies and even do cheating instead of doing research by their own. (12) To sum up,in spite of problems concerning the use of computer, computer is still of more merits than defects.图表描述Translate the following into English.*这幅曲线图表明，1985至1994年之间，去澳大利亚旅游观光的日本游客百分比增长迅猛。
Graphwriting
GraphwritingGraph WritingCause and effect essays are concerned with why things happen (causes) and what happens as a result (effects). Cause and effect is a common method of organizing and discussing ideas. The following tips can help you draft this type of essay:A brief introduction1. Graph writing, in fact, is a way to transfer information into written language from a graph or chart.2. Here the word “graph” refers to Grap hs, Charts, and Tables. Graphs and charts are pictures which show numbers or figures, and tables are just rows and columns of information.3. Usually, graph writing consists of three parts: Introduction, Body and Conclusion. Introduction should describe the purpose of report and say what overall trends you see. Body should describe the most important trends, while all information is summarized to avoid unnecessary details. Conclusion should sum up the global trends shown on the figure and compare them if possible.4. In order to have a better composition, the writer should be familiar with some special expressions in graph writing. (Details can be seen in Some common connects below)An exampleDirections: Write a composition entitled “Leading Causes of Road Accidents in China”. The composition should be based on the following graph.Your composition should be in three paragraphs:1. introduce the causes;2. report the information given in the graph;3. conclude the composition by giving some suggestions.Leading Causes of Road Accidents in ChinaWith the development of the cities, the road accident is becoming a more and more serious problem in China. The information represented in the graph, which depicts the leading causes of road accidents in China, indicates that most accidents are caused by motor vehicles, bicycles, and pedestrians.In the graph we can clearly see that motor vehicles are responsible for most of the road accidents, namely about 50% of them. Bicycles account for 35% of the accidents and pedestrians causednearly 10%. These results indicate that motor vehicles can thus be regarded as the enemy of the whole society, especially when the people’s life is taken into consideration.Since we know that motor vehicles are the leading cause of road accidents in China, we should take some measures to prevent them from happening. First, we should make a law to punish any violators of traffic regulations. Then, cyclists should use hand signals to warn other road users of their intentions. Last but not least, the department concerned should educate ordinary people to walk on a zebra crossing or overpass when they cross a street. All in all, it’s time for us to attach greatimportance to this problem.Some useful expressions in graph writing1. The pic ture shows….2. This table shows the differences between….3. The diagram represents…4. The chart above indicates…5. The information represented in the graph indicates…6. As can be seen from the chart, …7. As is shown in the bar graph, there were…8. F rom the diagram it can be seen clearly that…9. From these figures one c an easily see that…10. According to the graph given above, we can see that…11. This is an illustration of…/a typical example of…12. There was a great/slight increase/rise.13. Ther e has been a sudden/slow/rapid fall/drop…14. Take the above chart as an example,…。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
Cohesion
常见连接词(Don’t forget to use them though you may know them very well.)： 1.表示罗列增加 • first, second, third, • first, then / next, after that / next, finally • for one thing … for another…, • on (the) one hand…on the other hand, • besides / what’s more / in addition / furthermore / moreover / another / also, • especially / In particular,
Line Graph
• 曲线图常用来反映随时间推移的变化趋势。 通常横坐标为时间段，纵坐标为数据（数 字或百分比），以便直观反映事物发展变 化的趋势。曲线图上的时间点所反映的数 字未必非常准确。分析时要抓住起始时间 至终止时间段内事物发展变化的最低点和 最高点，以及变化趋势中突出的特点，分 析原因，得出结论。
2.表示时间顺序 • now, at present, recently, • after, afterwards, after that, after a while, in a few days, • at first, in the beginning, to begin with, • later, next, finally, • immediately, soon, suddenly, all of a sudden, at that moment, as soon as, the moment • from now on, from then on, • at the same time, meanwhile, • till, not…until, before, after, when, while, during
Scoring Criteria
Band 5: 很好地完成试题规定的任务，对目标读者完全产 生了预期的效果，给读者的印象颇佳。 (Full realization of the task set;Very positive effect on the reader) 内容覆盖了所有要求的信息点(All content points included)； 语言自然流畅，错误极少(Controlled, natural use of language;minimal errors)； 语法结构和词汇表达丰富多变(Wide range of structure and vocabulary)； 文章结构完整连贯，层次清晰(Effectively organized, with appropriate use of cohesive devices)； 语域与格式使用正确(Register and format consistently appropriate)。
Table
• 表格图通常包含所有的细项，并且能提供 最准确具体的数据。细目表可分为同类比 较型和反映趋势变化型，BEC Higher往往 综合了两种类型。分析细目表要从整体出 发，根据表中的数据，找出突出鲜明的信 息对比，有时还需做些计算，进行类比分 析。分析不止停留在表面的数字上，还须 看出其中的变化发展趋势，从而得出结论。
Bar Chart
• 柱状图(条形图)信息量大，数字对比明 显，可以用来比较若干事物的大小，可 以表示事物随时间变化趋势，还可以表 明一个整体中各成分间的相对关系。但 柱状图不能很明确地标明各时间点变化 的准确数字。分析柱状图和分析曲线图 的方法类似，也要把握事物变化的最大 点和最小点，判断变化特点，得出结论。
• 9. There was a steady increase in sales in 1998 followed by the sharp fall in 1999. • 10.The sales dropped during 2006, but increased again in 2007to 2 million tons. • 11. The sales hardly changed throughout the period between 2000 and 2006, except for a slight increase in 2004. • 12.The sales doubled/tripled in 2007 compared with those in 2000/ from 2000 to 2007.
3.表示解释说明 • now, in addition, for example, for instance, in this case, moreover, furthermore, in fact, actually 4.表示转折关系 • but, however, while, though, or, otherwise, on the contrary, on the other hand, in contrast, despite, in spite of, even though, except (for), instead, of course, after all,
• 4. The trend continued through 1980s. • 5. Overall, there was a decline in sales in 2008. • 6. The years from 2000 to 2008/between 2000 and 2008 see/ witness/report a steady increase/decrease in sales. • 7. 2008 unfolded/ displayed /indicated/ showed /recorded/saw/witnessed/revealed/exhibited/il lustrated an increase/a decrease/fluctuation of sales. • 8. The increase in export corresponded with a decline in import.
7.表示条件关系 • as /so long as, on condition ough, although, as, even if, even though, whether … or …, however, whoever, whatever, whichever, wherever, whenever, no matter how (who, what, which, where, when, whom)
Pie Chart
• 饼状图通过分割成若干部分的组合情况 直观反映出整体状况。分析饼状图，应 该依次描写，突出重点。通常要注意图 中的最大比例份额及最小比例份额，要 研究不同的比例份额，如有必要，还需 做一些必要的计算，进行类比分析看出 其中的变化发展趋势，从而得出结论。
Useful Expressions
Time Management
• As Part One is worth 10 points and Part Two is worth 20 points, it is sensible to allocate about 25 minutes for Part One and 45 minutes for Part Two. Candidates need to plan and write very quickly.
• Expressions: to express a rising/falling/even trend,to describe a change,to summarize, to make comparisons, please refer to handout. • Sentence Patterns (for graph description): • 1.The sales increased slightly in October. • 2.There is a slight increase in sales in October. • 3.There was an overall increase in sales in 2007. • 4. The general trend is that there was a steady increase/decline in sales in all categories.
12.表示强调 • in deed, in fact, surely, certainly, no doubt, without any doubt, truly, obviously, above all, 13.表示概括归纳 • in a word, in short, in brief, on the whole, generally speaking, in my opinion, as far as I know, As we all know, as has been stated, as I have shown, finally, at last, in summary, in conclusion
5.表示并列关系 • or, and, also, too, not only … but also, as well as, both… and, either …or, neither …nor
• 6.表示因果关系 • because, because of, since, now that, as, thanks to…, due to…, therefore, as a result (of), otherwise, so…that, such…that
• 13.The sales in 2007 was 2 million tons, in contrast to 1.8 million tons in 2006. • 14. The sales reached the peak/the climax/the culmination /the highest point in May. /The sales peaked in May. • 15. The sales hit the bottom/reached the lowest point/reached the rock bottom /reach its nadir// /plummet/slump/slide in August. • 16.The prices fluctuated dramatically/slightly/constantly in 2003.