After-class Exercises for Chapter 2 Phonology (1)

After-class Exercisesfor Chapter 2 Phonology (1)I. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C, or D in the brackets.1. The study of how people use their speech organs to produce speech sounds is of great interest to those working in the area of __________.A. phonologyB. articulatory phoneticsC. auditory phoneticsD. acoustic phonetics2. Acoustic phoneticians try to describe the _________ properties of the stream of sounds whicha speaker issues.A. oralB. mentalC. physicalD. recorded3. Of all the speech organs, the __________ is or are the most flexible.A. mouthB. lipsC. tongueD. vocal cords4. Voicing as a quality of speech sounds is caused by the vibration of __________ .A. the lipsB. the vocal cordsC. the glottisD. the uvula5. Vibration of the vocal cords results in a quality of speech sounds called voicing, which is a feature of __________.A. all consonantsB. all consonants and some vowelsC. vowels onlyD. all vowels and some consonants6. __________ transcription is the one required and used by the phoneticians in their study of speech sounds.A. BroadB. DetailedC. WideD. Narrow7. In terms of the place of articulation, the following sounds [t], [d], [s], [z], [n] share the feature __________.A. palatalB. alveolarC. bilabialD. dental8. The consonant [f] in English can be correctly described as having the following phonetic features: __________.A. voiceless bilabial stopB. voiceless labiodental fricativeC. voiced bilabial stopD. voiced labiodental fricative9. The vowel [u:] in English has all the following features EXCEPT __________.A. longB. roundedC. closedD. central10. All the back vowels in English are pronounced with rounded lips except __________.A. []B. [u:]C. []D. []11. The following four vowels are all close vowels, but only __________ has the features of “front” and “short”.A. [i:]B. [i]C. [u:]D. []12. __________are produced by moving from one vowel position to another through intervening positions.A. VowelsB. ConsonantsC. DiphthongsD. Lax vowelsII. Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement. If you think a statement is false, you are required to give the correct version.1. Phonetics is concerned with the speech sounds which distinguish meaning.2. Of the three branches of phonetics, acoustic phonetics is the longest established, and until recently the most highly developed.3. The greatest source of modification of the air stream is found in the oral cavity.4. All the English nasal consonants are voiced.5. The orthographic representation of speech sounds with diacritics is normally not used in dictionaries and teaching textbooks.6. Although the [l] sound is represented by the same symbol in the two combinations of [li:f] and [fi:l], it is actually pronounced differently.7. When the soft palate is lowered, the air cannot escape through the nose and a nasal sound cannot be made.8. The three voiceless stops /p/, /t/, /k/ are aspirated when preceded by /s/ and followed by a vowel.9. The classification of English consonants involves both manner of articulation and place of articulation.10. When the obstruction created by the speech organs is total or complete, the speech sound produced with the obstruction audibly released and the air passing out again is called a fricative.11. The English stops include [p], [b], [t], [d], [k], [g], [f], [v].12. In producing a vowel, the air stream coming from the lungs meets with no obstruction whatsoever while in the production of a consonant it is obstructed in one way or another.13. With no exception all the front vowels in English are unrounded.14. With no exception all the back vowels in English are rounded.15. In English, the long vowels are all tense vowels because when we pronounce a long vowel such as /i:/, the larynx is in a state of tension.III. Directions: Define the following terms.voicing (P18)broad transcription (P21)vowel (P23)fricative (P23-24)IV. Answer the following questions.1. How are the English consonants classified? (P23-25)2. What criteria are used to classify the English vowels? (P27-29)Keys to After-class ExercisesI.1-5 B C C B D 6-10 D B B D A 11-12 B CII.错误的为1 2 7 8 10 11 14，其余正确。

III、IV略。