修辞——Metonymy,Synecdoche,Oxymoron,Alliteration
英语修辞格Metonymy和Synecdoche的对比分析
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语言学及应用语言学研究
代的关系,那么,它就容易与借代相混淆。所以学习提喻辞格我们首先碰到的一个问题 是如何能把提喻与借代区分开。凡研究过这两个辞格的人都知道这两种辞格很难区分开 来。但是,很难区分并非不能区分。(李鑫华,2000)
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语 言 与 文 化 论 坛 2020 年( 第一辑)
综上所述,M 是一种修辞格,其中所说的事物不是直接说出来的,而是通过与之有 着不可分割关系的事物来表达的,即相似事物之间的类比,这不是一个同质的概念,而 是一个近似的概念。这两个概念紧密联系,相互依赖。M 强调的不是相似性,而是联 想。为了给读者或听众留下深刻印象,不仅要联想到正在写的东西,而且要联想到正在 说的东西的特点,如 White House 指的是美国总统府,而 No.10 Downing Street 则指的是 英国首相官邸。
M 是英语中最常见和最广泛使用的修辞格,对争论、解释,以及对人、事物、对象 等的描述中都是有用的。它的基本功能是使事物或人物具体化、生动化、形象化,使人 们能够看到、感受和理解,从而增强语言的说服力和感染力,具有具体化、形象化、含 蓄化、幽默化、讽刺化等功能。
2.2 特 点
M 包含本体和喻体,二者之间存在着借代关系。如:What is learned in the cradle is carried to the grave.(从摇篮里学到的东西会一直带到坟墓里。)cradle 和 grade 都是喻体, 相对应的本体是孩提时代和死亡。指称对象(喻体)与隐含事物(本体)之间存在着多 种借代关系。它们之间的关系可以通过下列几种方式进行表达:
由上可见,国内外各语言学家对这两个修辞格的区分众说纷纭,各执一词,那么到 底这两个修辞格要不要区分、如何区分呢?下面我们就从定义、特点、理论基础等角度 出发对这两个修辞格做一全面的对比和分析。
英语中的十九种修辞
1>.The birds sat upon a tree and poured forth their lily like voice。(用视觉形容听觉,鸟落在树上,由它发出的声音联想到百合花)
鸟儿落在树上,倾泻出百合花似的声音。
2>.Taste the music of Mozart。(用嗅觉形容听觉)
这也是一种矛盾修辞法,用两种不相调和的特征形容一个事物,以不协调的搭配使读者领悟句中微妙的含义。
例如:
1>.No light, but rather darkness visible。没有光亮,黑暗却清晰可见
2>.The state of this house is cheerless welcome。
例如:
1>.How was it possible to walk for an hour through the woods and see nothing worth of note?
2>.Shall we allow பைடு நூலகம்hose untruths to go unanswered?
15.Antithesis 对照,对比,对偶
例如:
1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper。
2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested。
3.Metonymy 借喻,转喻
2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud。
高英第一册的修辞手法解析
高英第一册的修辞手法解析Figures of speechSimile(明喻) Metaphor(暗喻) (隐喻) Metonymy(转喻) (借代) Personification(拟人)Euphemism(委婉)Hyperbole(夸张)Contrast(对照)Antithesis(平行对照)Parallelism(平行)Repetition(反复)Oxymoron(矛盾修饰)Irony(反语)Climax(层递)Anticlimax(突降)Onomatopoeia(拟声)Alliteration(头韵)pun(双关)transferred epithet(移就) 一Simile(明喻)Simile:(明喻)It is a figure of speech which makes a comparison between two unlike elements having at least one quality or characteristic (特性)in common. To make the comparison, words like as, as...as, as if and like are used to transfer the quality we associate with one to the other.Simile is a comparison between two different things that resemble each other in at least one way. In formal prose the simile is a device both of art and explanation, comparing an unfamiliar thing to some familiar thing (an object, event, process, etc.) known to the reader.For example,As cold waters to a thirsty soul, so is good news from a far country.1. Simile通常由三部分构成:本体(tenor or subject),喻体(vehicle or reference)和比喻词(comparative word or indicatorof resemblance)。
英语中有19种修辞手法
英语中有19种修辞手法,它们分别是:Simile明喻、Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻、Metonymy 借喻,转喻、Synecdoche 提喻、Synaesthesia 通感,联觉,移觉、Personification 拟人、Hyperbole 夸张、Parallelism 排比,平行、Euphemism 委婉,婉辞法、Allegory 讽喻,比方、Irony 反语、Pun 双关、Parody 仿拟、Rhetorical question 修辞疑问、Antithesis 对照,对比,对偶、Paradox 隽语、Oxymoron 反意法,逆喻、Climax 渐进法,层进法、Anticlimax 渐降法。
下面和大家分享一下这19种修辞手法的全部解释和例句,快来学习吧!1.Simile 明喻明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比。
这种共性存有于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性。
标志词常用like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等。
例如:1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow。
2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud。
3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale。
2.Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成。
例如:1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper。
2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested。
英语修辞Metonymy,借代 Synecdoche,Antonomasia
• 7) bread: food, esp. staple food • They say there is bread and work for all. And the sun shines always there: But I’ll not forget old Ireland, Were it fifty times as fair. • ----Helen S. Blackwood
D. Professions
• 3) the veil: vocation of a nun • She took the veil at 20. • 4) the press: newspaper; newspaper reporters • He is meeting the press this morning. • 5) the media: the communications industry (TV, radio, etc.)
• This substituted name may be an attribute of that other thing or be closely associated with it. • In other words, it involves a “change of name,” the substituted name suggesting the thing meant.
D. Professions
• 1) the bar: the legal profession • He has been called to the bar. • 他取得律师资格。 • 2) the bench: position of judge or magistrate • He has been appointed to the bench.
英语 换喻 矛盾修辞 写作讲义
Metonymy和Synecdoche:Metonymy译作“换喻”,Synecdoche译作“提喻”。
这两种修辞格十分相近,其共同点是不直接说出所指对象的名称,而采取某种替代形式;它们的区别在于:metonymy是借与某事物密切相关的东西来表示该事物,因此亦称之为“借代”,而synecdoche是以某事物的局部表示整体,或反过来以整体表示局部。
例如人在幼年离不开摇篮,因而借用the cradle表示“婴儿时期”,这就是metonymy: He must have been spoilt from the cradle.又如:“头”和“手”等是人体的部分,用他们表示整个人,则是常见的synecdoche形式:More hands (=working men) are needed at the moment. We had dinner at ten dollars a head (=each person).注意这两种辞格与其他比喻形式之间的区别,试比较:Greece was the cradle of Western culture. –metaphorA bird in the hand is worth two in the bush. –analogy.Exercises:1.The grey hair should be respected.2.What is learned in the cradle is carried to the grave.3.The famous port used to be a harbor which was crowded with masts.4.“Einstein is my admiration,” the little girl said.Oxymoron:矛盾修辞法,例如cruel kindness, bitter-sweet memories等,修饰成分与被修饰成分内部看起来有矛盾,实则相反相成。
修辞——Metonymy,Synecdoche,Oxymoron,Alliteration
医生切开我的腹部,割除了阑尾,又把我 腹部缝好。 这是以me(我)代my abdomen(我的腹 部)。
蕴涵新意的Synecdoche(提喻)
3、以一种事物代替一类事物 Oh, the spring should vanish with the rose! That Youth’s sweet-scented manuscript should close! 哦,春天随着花儿的调零而消逝! 青年芬芳的书卷也要关闭。 这里用rose玫瑰代替flowers(花)。
Metonymy
A figure of speech in which one word or phrase is substituted for another with which it is closely associated, as in the use of Washington for the United States government or of the sword for military power. 一个词或词组被另一个与之有紧密联系 的词或词组替换的修辞方法.
蕴涵新意的Synecdoages to earn his bread. 他设法谋生。
蕴涵新意的Synecdoche(提喻)
4、用一类事物代替一种事物 Nearly 4.8 million vehicles rolled off the assembly lines, 20000 more than in 1988. 有近480万汽车开下生产线,比1988年多两 万辆。 此句以vehicle(交通工具)指代“汽车”。
笔要比剑更锋利
5.I am reading Lu Xun.我在读鲁迅的作品。
英语中修辞手法
英语中有二十几种种修辞手法,它们分别是:Simile明喻、Metaphor隐喻/暗喻、Metonymy借喻/借代、Synecdoche提喻、Synaesthesia 通感、Personification拟人、Hyperbole夸张、Parallelism排比/平行、Euphemism 委婉、Allegory 讽喻,比方、Irony反语、Pun双关、Parody仿拟、Rhetorical question修辞疑问/反问、Antithesis对照/对比/对偶、Paradox隽语、Oxymoron矛盾修饰法、alliteration头韵法、transferred epithet移就、Allusion引用典故、Climax渐进法/层进法、Anticlimax渐降法。
1.Simile 明喻明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比。
这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性。
标志词常用 like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等。
例如:1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow.2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud.2.Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成。
例如:1>.He has a heart of stone.他铁石心肠。
2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.3.Metonymy 借喻,借代借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称。
I.以容器代替内容,例如:1>.The kettle boils. 水开了。
英语19种修辞手法的全部解释和例句
英语19种修辞手法的全部解释和例句英语中有19种修辞手法,它们分别是:Simile明喻、Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻、Metonymy 借喻,转喻、Synecdoche 提喻、Synaesthesia 通感,联觉,移觉、Personification 拟人、Hyperbole 夸张、Parallelism 排比,平行、Euphemism 委婉,婉辞法、Allegory 讽喻,比方、Irony 反语、Pun 双关、Parody 仿拟、Rhetorical question 修辞疑问、Antithesis 对照,对比,对偶、Paradox 隽语、Oxymoron 反意法,逆喻、Climax 渐进法,层进法、Anticlimax 渐降法。
下面和大家分享一下这19种修辞手法的全部解释和例句,快来学习吧!1.Simile 明喻明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比。
这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性。
标志词常用 like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等。
例如:1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow。
2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud。
3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale。
2.Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成。
例如:1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper。
2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested。
转喻、提喻、换称等多种万能的三种修辞手法的对比
1.定义:用某一事物的名称代替另一事物的名称的修辞手法叫做转喻或借代。这两种事物之间有着密切相关的联系。(A metonymy is a figure of speech that has to do with the substitution of the name of one thing for that of another with which it is closely associated.)
It wassicknessandpovertytogether that she came to visit.
patientspoor people她来探望的是病人和穷人。
(“疾病”和“贫穷”都是抽象名词,在此分别用来指代“病人”和“穷人”。)
三.换称(Antonomasia)的定义与用法:
1.定义:用头衔、绰号和称呼等代替姓名或称谓或用专有名词代替普通名词的修辞手法叫做换称。(An antonomasia is a figure of speech that involves the use of an epithet or title in place of a name, and also the use of a proper name in place of a common noun.)
the legal profession
(the bar原意是法庭围栏,现常用来指代律师职业)
Members ofthe pressweren't allowed into the combat zone.新闻记者不准进入战斗区域。newspaperreporters
(the press原意是印刷机,现常用来指代新闻记者)
英语修辞手法及副词的讲解
11) Pun: (双关语)
• It is a play on words, or rather a play on the form and meaning of words. 双关语(pun)是以一个词或词组,用 巧妙的办法同时把互不关联的两种含义结合起来,以取得 一种诙谐有趣的效果。 • Napoleon was astonished.”Either you are mad, or I am,”he declared. “Both,sir!”cried the Swede proudly. “Both”一词一语双关,既指拿破仑和这位士兵 都是疯子,又指这位战士参加过拿破仑指挥的两次战役。 • For instance, a cannon-ball took off his legs, so he laid down his arms. (Here "arms" has two meanings: a person's body; weapons carried by a soldier.)
12) Syllepsis: (一语双叙)
• It has two connotations. In the first case, it is a figure by which a word, or a particular form or inflection of a word, refers to two or more words in the same sentence, while properly applying to or agreeing with only on of them in grammar or syntax(句法). • For example, He addressed you and me, and desired us to follow him. (Here us is used to refer to you and me.) In the second case, it is a word may refer to two or more words in the same sentence. For example, while he was fighting , and losing limb and mind, and dying, others stayed behind to pursue education and career. (Here to losing one's limbs in literal; to lose one's mind is figurative, and means to go mad.)
英语19种修辞手法的全部解释和例句
英语19种修辞手法的全部解释和例句修辞是能够让语言变得更加富有表达性的工具,同时也是让语言变得更加复杂的一种语言现象,了解修辞手法,能够让我们更加容易了解作者或者说话者想要来表达的情感和想法。
英语和汉语一样,也有着丰富的修辞手法。
今天我们来了解一下英语中的修辞手法,帮助我们更好的学习英语。
英语中有19种修辞手法,它们分别是:Simile明喻、Metaphor隐喻,暗喻、Metonymy借喻,转喻、Synecdoche 提喻、Synaesthesia通感,联觉,移觉、Personification拟人、Hyperbole夸张、Parallelism排比,平行、Euphemism委婉,婉辞法、Allegory讽喻,比方、Irony反语、Pun双关、Parody仿拟、Rhetoricalquestion修辞疑问、Antithesis对照,对比,对偶、Paradox隽语、Oxymoron反意法,逆喻、Climax渐进法,层进法、Anticlimax渐降法。
下面和大家一一介绍一下这19种修辞手法,同时也给出全部解释和例句:1、Simile明喻明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性. 标志词常用like,as,seem,as if,as though,similar to,such as 等. 例如: 1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow. 2>.I wan dered lonely as a cloud. 3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked ou t of a fairy tale.2.Metaphor隐喻,暗喻隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成. 例如: 1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper. 2>.Some books are to be taste d, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.3.Metonymy借喻,转喻借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称. I.以容器代替内容,例如: 1>.The kettle boils. 水开了. 2>.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着. II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如: Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说. III.以作者代替作品,例如: a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集 VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如: I had the muscle, and they made money out of it.我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱.4.Synecdoche提喻提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般. 例如: 1>.There are about 100 hands working in his factory.(部分代整体) 他的厂里约有100名工人. 2>.He is the Newton of this century.(特殊代一般) 他是本世纪的牛顿. 3>.The fox goes very well with your cap.(整体代部分) 这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配.5.Synaesthesia通感,联觉,移觉这种修辞法是以视.听.触.嗅.味等感觉直接描写事物.通感就是把不同感官的感觉沟通起来,借联想引起感觉转移,“以感觉写感觉”。
英语中的metonymy和synecdoche
英语中的metonymy和synecdoche Metonymy 和 synecdoche 是两个发音和拼写都比较难的词语。
但是在英语语言中,它们都可以指“用一物替代另一物”的修辞手法。
我们一起来学习这两种修辞手法。
一、英语中将借代通称为metonymy(换喻、转喻)。
它是由某一事物名称来代替与该事物有关联的另一事物的名称,简而言之,就是借用甲来表示乙,但前提条件是甲必须与乙关系密切和本质上有相似之处。
比如:“The pen is mightier than the sword”,句中用pen 表power of literature,用sword代force。
二、Synecdoche(提喻)指用一般代替特殊或以特殊代一般,部分代替整体或整体代替一般,或用原材料代表用该材料制造的东西。
提喻也称举隅法,举隅指举一反三之意,具有“牵一发而动全身”之功能。
它往往因微见著,在提到某人或某物时,不直呼其名,而用与其密不可分的东西来代替。
比如以hands代persons,以Solomon代表a wise man,以the smiling year代the spring。
★应用举例★一、metonymy1、The overlapping or interaction of metaphor and metonymy sometimes exists in semantic extension. 隐喻和转喻在词义延伸中有时会交叉或相互作用。
2、This paper discusses the relation between metonymy and synecdoche in the first part. 本论文将在第一部分对转喻和提喻之间的关系进行论述。
3、On the basis of cognitive process, metonymy and conceptual integration theory may be closely related. 因此在认知过程研究的基础上,转喻与概念整合理论可以进行关联研究。
英语修辞手法metonymy and synecdoche
9. Controller for the controlled It was a great pity that Ozawa gave a terrible concert last night .
feet. • It is the nickname for Britain. England / the English people
Synecdoche
(提喻)
Definition
A figure of speech by which a part is put for the whole, the whole for the part, species for genus, the genus for the species or the name of the material for the thing made.
Ozawa 是交响乐队的指挥,而指挥是乐团的灵魂。因此,借Ozawa 之名 代他所指挥的交响乐队的全部演出,使其主要责任人一目了然
10、Concrete - Abstract Metonymy
(1) Concrete for Abstract The pen (words) is mightier than the sword (forces).
OI
What a despicable(可鄙的) creature he is! I do not like eat meat .
Metonymy & Synecdoche
英语30种修辞手法
以下是英语中常见的30种修辞手法:Alliteration(头韵): 一组词以相同的辅音音素开头。
Assonance(音韵): 一组词以相似的元音音素结尾或出现在词中。
Consonance(谐音): 一组词以相似的辅音音素结尾或出现在词中。
Simile(明喻): 使用"like"或"as"来进行比较,以明确两个不同的事物之间的相似之处。
Metaphor(隐喻): 通过将一个事物或概念直接应用于另一个事物或概念来进行比喻。
Personification(拟人): 赋予非人类事物或抽象概念人类的特征和行为。
Hyperbole(夸张法): 通过夸大和放大来强调一个观点或形容事物。
Understatement(轻描淡写法): 通过故意低估事物的重要性或程度来强调其效果。
Irony(讽刺): 通过语言表达与实际意义相反或冲突的观点。
Paradox(矛盾): 使用自相矛盾的语句来引起读者的思考和注意。
Oxymoron(矛盾修辞法): 将两个相反的词或短语并列使用,形成矛盾的修辞效果。
Euphemism(委婉语): 使用较为委婉的措辞来替代直接或冒犯性的表达。
Repetition(重复): 在文章或诗歌中重复使用相同的词语或短语来强调观点。
Parallelism(排比): 使用类似的语法结构或句式来强调一组观点。
Antithesis(对偶): 在句子或短语中对立地表达两个相反的观点或概念。
Climax(递进): 通过递进的方式将观点或事件按照重要性或程度进行排列。
Juxtaposition(并列): 将两个不同的事物或观点放置在一起,以产生对比或突出效果。
Anaphora(回文): 在连续的句子或短语中重复使用相同的词语或短语。
Epiphora(尾韵): 在句子或短语的结尾重复使用相同的词语或短语。
Allusion(典故): 引用文学、历史或文化中的人物、事件或作品来传达观点或增加文采。
英语常用修辞法22种
英语修辞法18种1. 明喻 (Simile)明喻是指为了鲜明地刻画某一事,将具有某种共同特征的两种事物加以对比。
它由本体、喻体和比喻词组成。
常用的比喻词有as、like、as if、as though、as... as、similar to、to bear a resemblance to等等。
明喻能使深奥的哲理变得浅显易懂。
1.A man without religion is like a horse without a bridle. 人无信仰,犹如马无缰绳。
e a book as a bee does flowers.读书如蜜蜂采蜜。
3.Beauty without virtue is like a rose without scent.美而无德犹如花无香味。
2. 暗喻 (Metaphor)暗喻亦称为“隐喻”,它同明喻一样,也是在两个不同类对象之间进行比喻,区别在于:明喻把本体和喻体说成是相似的,而暗喻则把两者说成是一致的;明喻中有比喻词,而暗喻中不用比喻词。
1.A good book is the best of friends, the same today and forever. 好书如相伴终生的挚友。
2.A dwarf on a giant’s shoulders sees the farther of the two.侏儒站在巨人的肩上,会看得更远。
3.A teacher for a day is a father for a lifetime.一日为师,终身为父。
3.类比 (Analogy)类比是一种阐述事理的修辞格,即用人们熟悉的事例说明较深的道理,或通过具体形象阐明抽象的概念。
它主要是把两种本质上不同的事物之间的共同点加以比较。
1.Judicious praise is to children what the sun is to flowers. 明智的赞扬对于孩子的作用,就像阳光对于花朵的作用一样。
双学位翻译——修辞
1) “I won’t have Ralph upset. After all,” she grinned, “a husband in hand is worth two in the bush.” “我不让拉尔夫感到烦恼,不管怎么样,”她露齿笑道: “身边有 一个丈夫总比几个飘渺不定的情夫要好。” (A bird in hand is worth two in the bush. 双鸟在林不 如一鸟在手。) 2) He intended to take an opportunity this afternoon of speaking to Irene. A word in time saves nine. 他打算今天下午找个机会和艾琳谈谈,关键时刻的一句 话可以省去将来许多口舌。(A stitch in time saves nine缝。)
3) Living in the western part of the country has its problems, of which obtaining fresh water is not the least. 居住在这个国家的西部有它自己的问题,其中获得淡水 可不是个小问题。(用否定的形式间接表达肯定的语 气。) 3. Transferred epithet (移就):指将只适用于描写 某一 事物的词语用在描写其他事物上,从逻辑角度来看 似乎有些不合常理,但在特定的语言环境中却可以收到 意想不到的效果。这种方法摒弃了常规的搭配模式,言 简意 赅,令人耳目一新。如:
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蕴涵新意的Synecdoche(提喻)
He manages to earn his bread. 他设法谋生。
蕴涵新意的Synecdoche(提喻)
4、用一类事物代替一种事物 Nearly 4.8 million vehicles rolled off the assembly lines, 20000 more than in 1988. 有近480万汽车开下生产线,比1988年多两 万辆。 此句以vehicle(交通工具)指代“汽车”。
蕴涵新意的Synecdoche(提喻)
2、以全体代部分 England won the football game. 英格兰队赢了足球赛。 这里以England(英格兰)代替England Football Team(英格兰足球队)。
蕴涵新意的Synecdoche(提喻)
Then the surgeon cut me open and take out the appendix and stitched me up again.
头韵 (Alliteration)
1.头韵。头韵即连续数个单词的 头音或头字母相同,这种现象在 英语中常见。例如: (1)He is all fire and fight.他 从不放弃任何机会。 (2)There was something simple,sincere in that voice.那声 音里有种纯朴真诚的东西。
蕴涵新意的Synecdoche(提喻)
Webster’s New World Dictionary的解释是: Synecdoche还包括“以个体代替一类”。 A figure of speech in which a part is used for a whole, an individual for a class, a material for thing, or reverse of any of these. 两者相比较,后者增加了一项,即 Synecdoche还包括“以个体代替一类”。
Oxymoron
Features: contradictory in meaning The complexity of things Example:
A cheerful pessimist Painful pleasure A thunderous silence
Oxymoron(矛盾修饰法)
手是人体的一部分,因此人们常用它来代 替各种各样的人。这里以 Hand(手)代替 worker, laborer(工人)。
蕴涵新意的Synecdoche(提喻)
No eye saw him, but a second later every ear heard a gunshot.
没有人看见他。可是,一秒钟以后每个人 都听到了一声枪响。 此例是以人的部分的器官eye 或ear来代替 人本身。
笔要比剑更锋利
5.I am reading Lu Xun.我在读鲁迅的作品。
Oxymoron: (矛盾修饰)
It is a compressed paradox, formed by the conjoining(结合) of two contrasting, contradictory or incongruous(不协调) terms as in bitter-sweet memories, orderly chaos(混乱) and proud humility(侮辱).
Adj. + N. creative destruction, tearful joy, etc. Adj.+ Adj. cold pleasant manner, sour-sweet Adv. +Adj. dully bright, mercifully fatal, falsely true, wisely stupid, etc. V. + Adv. hasten slowly, shine darkly, groan loudly, etc. N. + N. love-hate relationship, the sound of silence, etc.
医生切开我的腹部,割除了阑尾,又把我 腹部缝好。 这是以me(我)代my abdomen(我的腹 部)。
蕴涵新意的Synecdoche(提喻)
3、以一种事物代替一类事物 Oh, the spring should vanish with the rose! That Youth’s sweet-scented manuscript should close! 哦,春天随着花儿的调零而消逝! 青年芬芳的书卷也要关闭。 这里用rose玫瑰代替flowers(花)。
For example
1.The kettle boils.壶水开。 2.He is fond of the bottle.他喜欢喝酒 3.Grey hairs should be respected.
老人应受到尊重
4.The pen is mightier than the sword.
蕴涵新意的Synecdoche(提喻)
定义分析: A figure of speech by which a part is put for the whole, the whole for the part, species for genus, the genus for the species or the name of the material for the thing made. 这个定义的意思是:Synecdoche是一种修辞格, 它包括以部分代替整体,以整体代替部分,以某 种事物代替某类事物,以某类事物代替某种事物, 或者以原材料的名称代替由其制成的东西。
蕴涵新意的Synecdoche(提喻)
Synecdoche大体上可分为6类:以部分代全 体,以全体代部分,以一种事物代替一类 事物,用一类事物代替一种事物,用原材 料代替其制品,以个体代替一类。下面一 一举例说明:
蕴涵新意的Synecdoche(提喻)
重点例句分析: 1、以部分代全体 They were short of hands at harvest time. 收获季节他们缺少劳力。
蕴涵新意的Synecdoche(提喻)
I will count three hundred——that’s five minutes——and not one of you is to move a muscle. 我数三百下——也就是五分钟——你们谁 都不许动一动。 这个句子中的作为身体组成部分的muscle (肌肉)代替的是整个身体。
蕴涵新意的Synecdoche(提喻)
Βιβλιοθήκη 5、用原材料代替其制品 Do you have any coppers? 你有零钱吗?
蕴涵新意的Synecdoche(提喻)
6、以个体代替一类 This young man is very clever; he may be another Edison. 这个年轻人很聪明,他可能成为另一个爱 迪生。
Metonymy
A figure of speech in which one word or phrase is substituted for another with which it is closely associated, as in the use of Washington for the United States government or of the sword for military power. 一个词或词组被另一个与之有紧密联系 的词或词组替换的修辞方法.