研究生辅导[1]2eassy questionssss

合集下载

初中英语语法错误的分析与改进(1)

初中英语语法错误的分析与改进
汇报人：XX
20XX-02-04
目录
• Introduction • Types of grammar errors in
junior high school English • Analysis of the Causes of
Grammar Errors in Junior High School English
02
Using a singular verb with a plural subject, such as "They
are happy."
Inverted subject and verb
03
Placing the verb before the subject when it should come
after, such as "Is he going?" instead of "He is going."
Sentence structure fusion error
Run on senses
Combining two independent classes without proper punctation or connection, such as "I like ice cream it's period."
Analysis of the Causes of
Grammar Errors in Junior
03
High School English
The negative impact of mother tongue transfer
Interaction from native language grammar rules

研一英语读写佳境英语练习题--姜瑾老师提供

T est OnePart Ⅰ VocabularySection ADirections: There are thirty incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the one that best completes the sentence.1. His career was not noticeably__________by the fact that he had never been to college.A) prevented B) restrained C) hindered D) refrained2. When trapped in drifting sands, do not struggle, or you will be_______in deeper.A) absorbed B) pushed C) heaved D) sucked3. To_______for his unpleasant experiences he drank a little more than was good for him.A) commence B) compromise C) compensate D) compliment4. All visitors are requested to_________with his regulations.A) comply B) agree C) assist D) consent5. The captain__________the horizon for approaching ships.A) scanned B) scrutinized C) explored D) swept6. The vast majority of people in any given culture will________to the established standards of that culture.A) confine B) conform C) confront D) confirm7. Although he was on a diet, the food__________him enormously.A) inspired B) tempted C) overcame D) encouraged8. His argument doesn't suggest that mankind can_________to be wasteful in the utilization of these resources.A) resort B) grant C) afford D) entitle9. If you want this painkiller, you will have to ask the doctor for a____________ .A) receipt B) recipe C) subscription D) prescription10. Some fish have a greater__________for acid water than others.A) tolerance B) resistance C) dependence D) persistence11. There was once a town in this country where all life seemed to live in______with its surroundings.A) coincidence B) harmony C) uniform D) alliance12. The court considers a financial_________to be an appropriate way of punishing him.A) payment B) obligation C) option D)penalty13. It is true that_________a wild plant into a major food crop such as wheat requires much research time.A) multiplying B) breeding C) magnifying D) generating14. The government has devoted a larger slice of its national_________to agriculture than most other countries.A) resources B) potential C) budget D) economy15. In this poor country, survival is still the leading industry; all else is__________ .A) luxury B) accommodation C) entertainment D) refreshment16. The students showed ____________when solving the difficult math problem.A) ingenuity B) validity C) impurity D) infinity17. The document is__________unless it is officially stamped.A) valid B) deliberate C) confidential D) invalid18. She showed taste and _______________in furnishing her home.A) recognition B) discrimination C) realization D) normalization19. Do you have a ___________of ownership for this car?A) document B) label C) passport D) certificate20. The original canal was twice__________for the larger modern boats.A) broadened B) brightened C) flattened D) strengthened21. A building__________the idea of the architect.A) embodies B) embraces C) integrates D) deviates22. The boy __________up the room again by dropping bits of paper everywhere.A) messed B) threw C) confused D) upset23. People had been conscious of the problem before, but the new book made them aware of its________ .A) manuscript B) multitude C) masterpiece D) magnitude24. His________habits soon exhausted all the money he had inherited.A) significant B) extravagant C) exquisite D) fantastic25. The story was___________; it was complete untrue.A) facilitated B) fascinated C) fabricated D) formulated26. He_______several paragraphs from the newspaper article to read at the meeting.A) concentrated B) omitted C) distracted D) extracted27. The young man __________himself bitterly for his behavior that evening.A) approached B) reproached C) praised D) encouraged28. In the sentence ―She lives alone by himself‖, the word alone is___________ .A) artificial B) necessary C) suitable D) redundant29. At present, China has signed many_________trade agreements with other countries.A) comprehensive B) reciprocal C) favorable D) advantageous30. A country isn't respected if it__________an international agreement.A) simplifies B) cancels C)postpones D)violatesSection BDirections: For each of the italicized words or phrases, four choices are given. Choose the one that best explains or defines the italicized part.1. The plane took a dramatic dive along the trajectory of the mighty Angle Falls –the longest waterfall in the world – as it plummeted down into Devil‘s Canyon.A) ascended B) fell C) dropped D) descended2. It was one of the most awe-inspiring sights I have ever beheld, but almost equally incredulous was the fact that we were the only ones there!A) saw B) met C) looked at D) thought about3. But the Pemon are extremely gracious hosts. From the moment we arrived, it was clear that they were genuinely excited to share their culture and learn about us.A) compassionate B) attractive C) hospitable D) unfriendly4. Our inhibitions quickly disappeared and before we knew it, we were dancing alongside the Pemon.A) embarrasment B) oppression C) suppression D) constraints5. As much as I found the trip exhilarating, I would not say it is for everyone.A) cheerful B) stimulating C) interesting D) charming6. Three of the five nights were spent in hammocks, which did not suit everyone‘s natural contours.A) outline B) inclinations C) tendency D) shape7. The long simmering euthanasia issue has lately boiled over into a sometimes fierce public debate, with both sides claiming the mantle of ultimate righteousness.A) excuse B) cover C) consideration D) protection8. Reasons for the latest surge of interest in euthanasia are not hard to find.A) uprising B) upgrading C) increase D) rolling9. He was sentenced to nine months' imprisonment for providing poison to a lonely 83-year-old woman suffering from severe back pains, as well as incipient deafness and blindness.A) initial B) serious C) deadly D) initiative10. Some zealous actions by pro-euthanasists have supplied ammunition to those who contend that legalizing active voluntary euthanasia would be the sin edge of the wedge for a variety of abuses.A) arguments B) reasons C) evidence D) counter-arguments11. The proposal produced a storm of outrage in France.A) offense B) indignation C) criticism D) hatred12. Hitler's horrifying program of exterminating the weakest members of society regularly comes up in European debates on euthanasia.A) eradicating B) destroying C) extinguishing D) expelling13. From the time when we first begin to make friends with the opposite sex, to when we start dating and going steady, till we finally take the plunge and get married, few of us realize that we are gambling all along.A) being intimate B) becoming regular C) getting absorbed D) getting normal14. To many of us, gambling is, in many cases, a non-toxic drug against boredom and apathy.A) indifference B) cynicism C) unfeeling D) lack of interest15. If a man makes gambling an obsession, he will not only lose his property gained through years of toil, he will also lose his dignity and conscience.A) an instinct B) a persistent desire C) a good idea D) an impulse16. Ever since then, he had developed an itching palm and got so addicted to gambling that nothing and nobody can stop him.A) irritating B) annoying C) restless D) uncontrollable17. We can accomplish this by encouraging an interest in so many other activities that gambling itself will lose its fascination as an opiate to a colorless and dreary existence.A) change B) remedy C) modification D) opium18. This idea is more appropriate today than before.A) difficult to see B) actually legal C) favored D) suitable19. The ice will dissolve fast on a warm day like this.A)freeze B)slip C)melt D) flow20. New duties were imposed on wines and spirits.A) removed B) cut C) charged D) checked21. But whenever a new and fast method of transport comes up, Americans are quick to discard the old.A) destroy B) improve C) throw away D) decide22. All foreign troops must withdraw from the country.A) retire B) retain C) retreat D) revise23. There was no trace of poison in the coffee the chemist analyzed.A) indication B) taste C) color D) smell24. Y ou always follow your own inclinations instead of thinking of our feelings.A) conducts B) profits C) occupations D) dispositions25. The farm ministers scheduled an emergency meeting in Luxemburg in hopes of easing the worldwide mad cow panic.A) crisis B) peril C) hazard D) alarmT est T woPart ⅠV ocabulary6. A washing machine of this type will certainly _____ up to normal domestic use.A) hold B) stand C) come D) take7. Passengers are_____ not to leave their cases and packages here.A) commanded B) informed C) notified D) ordered8. Could you possibly ______ me at the next committee meeting?A) stand in for B) make up for C) fall back on D) keep in with9. Complete the form as _____ in the notes below.A) insisted B) specified C) implied D) devised10. We couldn't ______ the old lady to travel by air.A) initiate B) inquire C) induce D) indicate11. A promising executive should be ready to welcome tight ______ and hard work.A) deposit B) bid C) speed D) budget12. Guess whom I ______ into this morning.A) hit B) stepped C) bumped D) met13. The new director of the television station wants to ______ its programs.A) divide B) decide C) diversify D) divert14. The educational plan will fail because it has no______ .A) vacation B) version C) vision D) variation15. Mark offered to help me to learn English .A) on duty B) in vain C) on purpose D) in earnest16. The international community imposed ______ on that country for its terrorism.A) sanctions B) safeguards C) tariffs D) measures17. Don't be carried away by mere_____ in this matter.A) sentiment B) sensitivity C) session D) sensation18. Difficulties and hardships have ______ the best qualities of the young geologist.A) brought out B) brought aboutC) brought forth D) brought up19. The hall was very crowed with over fifty people ______ into it.A) pushed B) packed C) stuck D) stuffed20. If the land belongs to you, why don't you lay ______ to it?A) label B) demand C) right D) claimSection B1. Many laughs followed mundane statements such as ―It was nice meeting you, too.‖A) special B) ordinary C) sour D) funny2. The Chamber of Commerce boosts local business.A) restrains B) controls C) advances D) oversees3. In our life, it is likely for us to have some friction with others.A) conflict B) divergence C) harmony D) connection4. Masquerading as a mature student, I often sneaked in to the back of the student sessions.A) serving B) pretending C) escort D) dressing up5. The Irish people have forged a hatred toward the British government after the Irish famine.A) produce B) influence C) indulge D) inquiry6. Other experts concede that some laughter is indeed aggressive in nature.A) admit B) announce C) assert D) insist7. If these bad weather conditions persist, the game will be canceled.A) stay B) continue C) permit D) insist8. The doctor did not rule out the possibility of food poisoning.A) foresee B) accept C) exclude D) foretell9. There are subtle differences between these two words.11. A statement issued by the two companies uses the phrase ―increased cooperation‖,thereby inferring quite accurately that the two firms already work together.A) claimed B) produced C) predicted D) reported12. The simple plan evolved into a complicated scheme.A) developed B) summarized C) exaggerated D) transformed13. They give top priority to protecting endangered animals.A) favor B) assistance C) significance D) precedence14. Most traditional folk songs are of anonymous origin.T est ThreePart I VocabularySection ADirections: There are twenty five sentences in this section. Each sentence has one word or a set of words underlined. Below the sentence are four words or phrases marked A), B), C), and D). Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one.1. Fears that globalization is imposing a deadening cultural uniformity are as ubiquitous as Coca-Cola, McDonald‘s, and Mickey Mouse these days.A) troublesome B) enticing C) existing everywhere D) disgusting2. If critics of globalization were less obsessed with ―Coca-colonization,‖ they might notice a rich feast of cultural mixing that belies fears about Americanized uniformity.A) lies beneath B) disproves C) disapproves D) strengthens3. The beauty of globalization is that it can free people from the tyranny of geography.A) restraint B) cruel government C) demoralization D) imposition4. For a start, many archetypal ―American‖ products are not as all-American as they seem.A) characteristic B) traditional C) synthetic D) artificial5. Most of the world has adopted the metric system born from the French Revolution; America persists with antiquated measurements inherited from its British-colonial past.A) time-honored B) antique C) outdated D) consistent6. The biggest publisher in the English-speaking world is Germany‘s Bertelsmann, which gobbled up America‘s largest, Random House, in 1998.A) ate quickly B) eroded C) hammered D) annexed7. People‘s culture—in the sense of their shared ideas, beliefs, knowledge, inherited traditions, and art—may scarcely be eroded by mere commercial artifacts that, despite all the furious branding, embody at best flimsy values.A) unconvincing B) weak C) superficial D) commercial8. Most developed countries have become intensely secular, but many Americans burn with fundamentalist fervor—like Muslims in the Middle East.A) unreligious B) pious C) religious D) superstitious9. Latin American salsa, Brazilian lambada, and African music have all carved out global niches for themselves. In most countries, local artists still top the charts.A) fans B) enthusiasts C) musicians D) popularity10. Germans once objected to soccer because it was deemed English; now their soccer team is emblematic of national pride.A) an embellishment B) the embodiment C) symbolic D) an embarrassment11. ―What's happening now is the trisection of world power,‖ he continued. ―Agrarian nations on the bottom, smokestack countries in between, and knowledge-based economies on top.‖A) agricultural B) uncivilized C) underdeveloped D) underprivileged12. The electric-light bills must be very modest indeed, for there are no flashing signs to assault the eye, no gaudily dressed windows to tempt the feet to loiter.A) arrest B) dazzle C) shield D) glisten13. If you have the audacity (as I once had) actually to walk into one of these establishments wearing a ready-made suit, you will regret it.A) rashness B) courage C) tenacity D) shrewdness14. Meanwhile, the tailors themselves, so neat, so clean, so deft, are busy with the pins and the chalk.A) gracious B) spruce C) adroit D) polished15. My usual trouser man is smaller and livelier, more bustling, more given to cheerful gossip. A long and intimate acquaintance with trousers has made him far more democratic and earthy.A) hostile to B) sensitive to C) detached from D) prone to16. When I was young, I lived much outside my own country. I found this very profitable in diminishing the intensity of insular prejudice.A) narrow-minded B) hypothetical C) irrational D) foolproof17. The first step—waking up to the dimensions of the world's environmental problems—has in a sense been under way for more than two decades.A) magnitude B) impacts C) urgency D) irreversibility18. Environmental concerns were viewed by many Third World leaders in 1972 as ―luxury problems‖ that only rich nations could af ford to deal with. Although this view is still espoused by some, it has a thoroughly unconvincing ring.A) loathed B) embraced C) rectified D) verified19. Meanwhile, foreign-aid donations have stagnated since the mid-1980s, and $ 1.2 trillion worth of foreign debt has accumulated, sapping financial earnings and undermining the credit-worthiness of low-income countries.A) diminishing B) illustrating C) underlying D) magnifying20. While the rich may congregate on the upper decks and protect themselves for a while, they too are ultimately threatened.A) shelter B) assemble C) relax D) watch indifferently21. A sustainable society is one that satisfies its needs without jeopardizing the prospects of future generations.A) disturbing B) neglecting C) sacrificing D) penalizing22. The Merrill Center epitomizes the new wave of ―green architecture,‖ a catchall term for design and construction practices that take into account a whole checklist of environmental goals.A) revolutionizes B) quantifies C) typifies D) parallels23. In summer the garden helps keep the building cool by shielding it under a layer of moist material. In winter it insulates against cold.A) shadowing B) relieving C) benefiting D) protecting24. Relying on an incomplete accounting system, one that does not measure the destruction of natural capital associated with gains in economic output, we deplete our productive assets, satisfying our needs today at the expense of our children.A) reduce greatly B) drain C) exhaust D) liquidate25. Boosters of Western culture can point to increased efforts to preserve and protect the environment. Y et they make no mention of some less salubrious aspects of Western culture, such as cigarettes and automobiles.A) civilized B) desirable C) ostensible D) formidableSection BDirections: There are twenty five sentences in this section. Each sentence has something omitted. Choose the word or words from the four choices given to best complete each sentence.26. In order to repair barns, build fence, grow crops, and care for animals a farmer must indeedbe__________.A. restlessB. skilledC. strongD. versatile27. It is a(n) ___________ that the French eat so much rich food and yet have a relatively low rateof heart disease.A) analogy B) paradox C) correlation D) illusion28. He said that ending the agreement would _________ the future of small or family-run shops, lead to fewer books being published and increase prices of all but a few bestsellers.A) venture B) expose C) jeopardize D) legalize29. These continual ________ in temperature make it impossible to decide what to wear.A) transformations B) relations C) fluctuations D) expeditions30. The conference discussed, ________, the possibility and measures of environmental pollution protection.A) all the same B) in the long runC) among other things D) to the point31. Under the guidance of their teacher, the pupils are building a model boat ________ by steam.A) towed B) pressed C) tossed D) propelled32. Parents often faced the ________ between doing what they felt was good for the development of the child and what they could stand by way of undisciplined noise and destructiveness.A) paradox B) junction C) dilemma D) premise33. His use of color, light and form quickly departed from the conventional style of his________ as he developed his own technique.A) descendants B) predecessors C) successors D) ancestors34. A 1994 World Bank report concluded that ________ girls in school was probably the single most effective anti-poverty policy in the developing world today.A) assigning B) admitting C) involving D) enrolling35. It seems somewhat ___________ to expect anyone to drive 3 hours just for a 20- minute meeting.A) eccentric B) impossible C) absurd D) unique36. Professor Smith explained the movement of light___________ that of water.A) by analogy with B) by virtue of C)in line with D)in terms of37. The hands on my alarm clock are __________, so I can see what time it is in the dark.A) exotic B) gorgeous C) luminous D) spectacular38. The Government‘s policies will come under close ________ in the weeks before the election.A) appreciation B) specification C) scrutiny D) apprehension39. Anyone not paying the registration fee by the end of this month will be _________ to havewithdrawn from the program.A) contemplated B) deemed C) acknowledged D) anticipated40. Police and villagers unanimously _________ the forest fire to thunder and lightning.A) ascribed B) approached C) confirmed D) confined41. Y ou shouldn‘t _______ your father‘s instructions. Anyway he is an experienced teacher.A) deduce B) deliberate C) defy D) denounce42. The company management attempted to _______information that was not favorable to them, but it was all in vain.A) suppress B) supplement C) concentrate D) plug43. High grades are supposed to____________ academic ability, but John's actual performance did not confirm this.A) certify B) clarify C) classify D) notify44. Millions of people around the world have some type of physical, mental, or emotional __________ that severely limits their abilities to manage their daily activities.A) scandal B) misfortune C) deficit D) handicap45. During the famine, many people were __________ to going without food for days.A. sunkB. reducedC. forcedD. declined46. The team‘s efforts to score were __________ by the opposing goalkeeper.A. frustratedB. preventedC. discouragedD. accomplished47. The software is a popular tool in business, where it ________ and simplifies such procedures as budgeting.A) puts on B) puts forward C) takes after D) speeds up48. In order to raise money, Aunt Nicola had to __________ with some of her most treasured possessions.A. divideB. separateC. partD. abandon49. Y ears after the accident he was still _________ by images of death and destruction.A) twisted B) dipped C) haunted D) submerged50. Tom is bankrupt now. He is desperate because all his efforts __________ failure.A) tumbled to B) hinged upon C) inflicted on D) culminated inTest FourPart ⅠVocabularySection ADirections: There are twenty sentences in this section. Each sentence has one word or a set of words underlined. Below the sentence there are four words or phrases marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one.1.We can‘t assume the suspect to be guilty simply because they have decided toremain silent.A) accept the idea that B) resumeC) consume D) agree the idea that2.The group remain steadfast in its support for the new system, even when it wascriticized in the newspapers.A) happy B) angry C) firm D) strange3.Among other things, the museum boasts an unrivaled collection of FrenchPorcelain.A) unlocked B) unchallenged C) unknown D) unsolved4．The closure of the factory could devastate the lives of thousands of families in the area whose incomes depend on it.A) support B) decide C) dedicate D) destroy5．Throughout history, peopled have been intrigued by the question of whether there is intelligent life elsewhere in the universe.A) lead B) puzzled C) complicated D) explained6. Northern areas of the country were engulfed by/in a snowstorm last night.A) surrounded B) tested C) escaped D) discover7．The detail of her wildlife painting is a testament to her power of observation.A) test B) exam C) proof D) statement8．The arrival of a group of friends on Saturday infuses new life into the weekends.A）take B) get C) throw D) put9．The new technique involves surgeons making small incisions in the skin into which tubes are inserted.A) decision B) discussion C) cut D) pot10．Seeing the children in the park prompted thoughts of his own sons on the other side of the Atlantic.A) lead to B) promote C) protect D) throw to11.‗Spitting image‘ is a British television program which satirizes the political events of thepast week.A) criticizes ironically B) praises C) comments D) explain calmly12. The money he got from teaching evening classes provides a supplement to his incomeof his job to pay the 10-year housing loan.A) compliment B) complement C) addition D) supervision13. He had a suspicion that the certificate was forgery, but on closer inspection, it seemedOK.A) incision B) installation C) inflammation D) examination14. It was snowing heavily in the mountain areas. The drivers were facing the dual hazardsof black ice and frozen snow.A) decision B) donation C) provision D) danger15. The Beatles‘ rise to fame was quite phenomenal---in less than two years it was ahousehold name, for nobody had heard anything like that before.A) noticeable B) miraculous C) complicated D) precautious16. After so many years of hard life experiences, he has formed a habit of keeping reticentabout his past, which makes his colleagues very suspicious of him.A) silent B) talkative C) practical D) romantic17. She was very tense as she was waiting for the interview because she know there were alot of candidates competing for the position in this big company.A) intelligent B) nervous C) decisive D) confident18. Psychologists were astounded to discover that volunteers in the experiment were oftenwilling to inflict pain on others If they were told to.A) decided B) agreed C) surprised D) enjoyed19.For this venture to be really successful we must start by mustering the enthusiasm ofparent, teachers and pupils.A) throwing away B) leading to C) taking out D) picking up20.A statement issued by the two companies uses the phrase ―increased cooperation‖,thereby inferring quite accurately that the two firms already work together.A) claimed B) produced C) predicted D) reportedSection BDirections: There are twenty sentences in this section. Each sentence has something omitted. Choose the word or words from the four choices given to best complete each sentence.1. The computer revolution may well change society as______ as did the Industrial Revolution.A) certainly B) insignificantlyC) fundamentally D) comparatively2. The moon has a mass that is nearly one hundred times less than that of the earth;_________, the force of gravity at the moon's surface is only one-sixth of that at the earth‘s surface.A) in consequence B) in nature C) in essence D) in practice3. One of the wildest and most ___________ parts of the United States is the Everglades where wild life is abundant and largely protected.A) unattainable B) unavailable C) inaccessible D) unobtainable4. The tourists __________ through the fog, trying to read what was engraved on the gravestone Shakespeare had chosen for himself.A) glanced B) glimpsed C) peered D) peeped5. Shaka _________ power and became the king of the Zulus upon the death of his father.A) presumed B) resumed C) consumed D) assumed6. Good lighting in factories leads to greater comfort, higher___________ and productivity, fewer mistakes and accidents.A) profusion B) proficiency C) efficiency D) efficacy7. It will be safer to walk the streets because people will not need to carry large amounts of cash; virtually all financial __________ will be conducted by computer.A) transactions B) transmissionsC) transitions D) transformations8. Just imagine the shock of the Prime Minister when three of his senior Cabinet colleagues______________ and resigned in protest on Friday night.A) revolved B) resolved C) revived D) revolted9. For Americans a friendship may be_________,casual, situational or deep and enduring. But to an European, who sees only the surface behavior, the differences are not clear.A) identical B) superficial C) compulsory D) beneficial10. What we mean by salesmanship often refers to the ability to __________ people to willingly buy products or support new ideas.A) deduce B) reduce C) induce D) seduce11. The means ________ the scientists transformed the invention into application came largely from their years of studies and experiments.A) wherein B) whereon C) whereof D) whereby12. Being introduced to someone may be a signal to bow in one country while in another it is a ____________ to shake hands.A) cure B) cue C) coup D) core13. If you push hard on the world, the world will push back on you;_____________, if you touch the world gently, the world will touch you gently .A) in return B) in the long run C) in turn D) in place14. We must cherish experience acquired__________ our own blood.A) by reason of B) at the mercy ofC) at the cost of D) by virtue of15. While machines have rescued farmers from a mainly labor-intensive existence, still the ______________ on weather plagues their days.A) availability B) changeability C) dependence D) relevance16. The successful hijacking _____________ a number of terrorist activities.A) triggered B) propelled C) upheld D) testified17. Workers in America are getting higher wages while turning out poor products that do not_________ the test of international competition.A) put up with B) stick up for C) stand up to D) face up to18. At first, the speaker was referring to the problem of pollution in the country, but halfway in her speech, she suddenly_______________ to another subject.A) committed B) favored C) switched D) transmitted19. In a _____________ between the management and the union, a 4% pay raise was agreed on in return for an increase in productivity.A) promise B) collaboration C) compromise D) cooperation20. The president's abuse of power and negligence of duty were ________________ in all the newspapers.A) renounced B) demonstrated C) protested D) denounced。

陕西省校本研修30问(英文版)

陕西省校本研修30问(英文版)philosophy of school-based research is to promote the nal development of teachers and XXX。

school-based research should be based on the actual needs of the school and the teachers。

Third。

school-based research should be XXX。

with the support of the school leadership.4.What are the benefits of school-based research?School-based research can improve the quality of n。

promote the nal development of teachers。

XXX development of the school。

It can also promote curriculum reform。

balance basic n resources。

and XXX.5.How can school-based research be carried out?School-based research can be carried out through us methods。

such as n research。

case studies。

experimental research。

XXX。

The key is to ensure that the research is based on the actual needsof the school and the teachers。

and that it is XXX.6.What are the challenges of school-based research?The challenges of school-based research include the lack of research skills among teachers。

(NEW)东北师范大学《347心理学专业综合》[专业硕士]历年考研真题汇编(含部分答案)

目　录2011年东北师范大学347心理学专业综合[专业硕士]考研真题（回忆版）2011年东北师范大学347心理学专业综合[专业硕士]考研真题（回忆版）及详解2012年东北师范大学347心理学专业综合[专业硕士]考研真题（回忆版）2013年东北师范大学347心理学专业综合[专业硕士]考研真题（回忆版）2014年东北师范大学347心理学专业综合[专业硕士]考研真题（回忆版）2015年东北师范大学347心理学专业综合[专业硕士]考研真题（回忆版）2016年东北师范大学347心理学专业综合[专业硕士]考研真题（回忆版）2011年东北师范大学347心理学专业综合[专业硕士]考研真题（回忆版）一、解释概念（每小题5分，共50分）。

1．认知过程2．绝对感受性3．知觉恒常性4．依恋5．液体智力6．意志7．应激8．面部表情9．区间估计10．区分度二、简答（每小题30分，共150分）。

1．简述影响遗忘的因素。

2．简述注意的认知资源理论。

3．简述马斯洛的需要层次理论。

4．简述方差分析的功能及应满足的条件。

5．为什么说测验“可靠不一定有效”？三、论述（任选2题。

每小题50分，共100分）。

1．试述影响问题解决的心理因素并举例说明。

2．试述影响人格形成的因素及各自的作用。

3．参照常模的分数解释有几种？请分析各自的优缺点。

2011年东北师范大学347心理学专业综合[专业硕士]考研真题（回忆版）及详解一、解释概念（每小题5分，共50分）1．认知过程答：认知是指人们获得知识或应用知识的过程，或信息加工的过程。

人脑接受外界输入的信息，经过头脑的加工处理，转换成内在的心理活动，进而支配人的行为，这个过程就是信息加工的过程，也就是认知过程。

2．绝对感受性答：绝对感受性是指人的感官觉察出最小刺激的能力。

刺激物只有达到一定强度才能引起人的感觉，而这种刚刚能引起感觉的最小刺激量，叫绝对感觉阈限。

3．知觉恒常性答：知觉恒常性是指当知觉的客观条件在一定范围内改变时，人们的知觉映象在相当程度上却保持着它的稳定性的现象。

英语常用单词使用频率列表

英语常用单词使用频率列表1)General Words1 the2 be3 of4 and5 a6 to7 in8 he9 have10 it11 that12 for13 they14 I15 with16 as17 not18 on19 she20 at21 by22 this23 we24 you25 do26 but27 from28 or29 which30 one31 would32 all33 will34 there35 say36 who37 make38 when39 can40 more41 if42 no43 man44 out45 other46 so47 what48 time49 up50 go51 about52 than53 into54 could55 state56 only57 new58 year59 some60 take61 come62 these63 know64 see65 use66 get67 like68 then69 first70 any71 work72 now73 may74 such75 give76 over77 think78 most79 even80 find81 day82 also83 after84 way85 many86 must87 look88 before89 great90 7 back91 through92 long93 where94 much95 should96 well97 people98 down99 own100 just 101 because 102 good 103 each 104 those 105 feel 106 seem 107 how108 high 109 too110 place 111 little 112 world 113 very 114 still 115 nation 116 hand 117 old118 life 119 tell 120 write 121 become 122 here 123 show 124 house 125 both 126 between 127 need 128 mean 129 call 130 develop 131 under 132 last 133 right 134 move 135 thing136 general 137 school 138 never 139 same140 another 141 begin 142 while 143 number 144 part145 turn146 real147 leave 148 might 149 want150 point 151 form152 off153 child 154 few155 small 156 since 157 against 158 ask159 late160 home161 interest 162 large 163 person 164 end165 open166 public 167 follow 168 during 169 present 170 without 171 again 172 hold173 govern 174 around 175 possible 176 head177 consider 178 word179 program 180 problem 181 however 182 lead183 system 184 set185 order 186 eye187 plan188 run189 keep190 face191 fact192 group 193 play194 stand 195 increase 196 early 197 course 198 change 199 help200 line201 city202 put203 close 204 case205 force 206 meet207 once208 water 209 upon210 war211 build 212 hear213 light 214 unite 215 live216 every 217 country 218 bring 219 center 220 let221 side222 try223 provide 224 continue 225 name226 certain 227 power 228 pay229 result230 question 231 study232 woman233 member234 until235 far236 night237 always238 service 239 away240 report241 something 242 company 243 week244 church245 toward246 start247 social248 room249 figure250 nature251 though252 young253 less254 enough255 almost256 read257 include 258 president 259 nothing 260 yet261 better262 big263 boy264 cost265 business 266 value267 second268 why269 clear270 expect271 family272 complete 273 act274 sense275 mind276 experience277 art278 next279 near280 direct 281 car282 law283 industry 284 important 285 girl286 god287 several 288 matter 289 usual290 rather 291 per292 often293 kind294 among295 white296 reason 297 action 298 return 299 foot300 care301 simple 302 within 303 love304 human305 along306 appear 307 doctor 308 believe 309 speak310 active 311 student 312 month313 drive314 concern 315 best316 door317 hope318 example 319 inform 320 body321 ever322 least323 probable324 understand 325 reach326 effect327 different 328 idea329 whole330 control 331 condition 332 field333 pass334 fall335 note336 special 337 talk338 particular 339 today340 measure 341 walk342 teach343 low344 hour345 type346 carry347 rate348 remain349 full350 street351 easy352 although 353 record354 sit355 determine 356 level357 local358 sure359 receive 360 thus361 moment362 spirit363 train364 college 365 religion 366 perhaps 367 music368 grow369 free370 cause372 age373 book374 board375 recent 376 sound377 office 378 cut379 step380 class381 true382 history 383 position 384 above385 strong 386 friend 387 necessary 388 add389 court390 deal391 tax392 support 393 party394 whether 395 either 396 land397 material 398 happen 399 education 400 death401 agree402 arm403 mother 404 across 405 quite406 anything 407 town408 past409 view410 society 411 manage 412 answer 413 break414 organize 415 half416 fire417 lose419 stop420 actual421 already 422 effort423 wait424 department 425 able426 political 427 learn428 voice429 air430 together 431 shall432 cover433 common434 subject 435 draw436 short437 wife438 treat439 limit440 road441 letter442 color443 behind444 produce 445 send446 term447 total448 university 449 rise450 century 451 success 452 minute453 remember 454 purpose 455 test456 fight457 watch458 situation 459 south460 ago461 difference 462 stage463 father464 table466 bear467 entire 468 market 469 prepare 470 explain 471 offer472 plant473 charge 474 ground 475 west476 picture 477 hard478 front479 lie480 modern 481 dark482 surface 483 rule484 regard 485 dance486 peace487 observe 488 future 489 wall490 farm491 claim492 firm493 operation 494 further 495 pressure 496 property 497 morning 498 amount 499 top500 outside 501 piece502 sometimes 503 beauty 504 trade505 fear506 demand 507 wonder 508 list509 accept 510 judge511 paint513 soon514 responsible 515 allow516 secretary 517 heart518 union519 slow520 island521 enter522 drink523 story524 experiment 525 stay526 paper527 space528 apply529 decide530 share531 desire532 spend533 sign534 therefore 535 various536 visit537 supply538 officer539 doubt540 private541 immediate 542 wish543 contain544 feed545 raise546 describe 547 ready548 horse549 son550 exist551 north552 suggest553 station554 effective 555 food556 deep557 wide558 alone559 character560 English561 happy562 critic563 unit564 product565 respect566 drop567 nor568 fill569 cold570 represent571 sudden 572 basic 573 kill574 fine575 trouble576 mark577 single578 press579 heavy580 attempt581 origin582 standard583 everything584 committee585 moral586 black587 red588 bad589 earth590 accord591 else592 mere593 die594 remark595 basis596 except597 equal598 east599 event600 employ601 defense602 smile603 river604 improve605 game606 detail607 account608 cent609 sort610 reduce611 club612 buy613 attention 614 ship615 decision 616 wear617 inside618 win619 suppose620 ride621 operate622 realize623 sale624 choose625 park626 square627 vote628 price629 district 630 dead631 foreign632 window633 beyond634 direction 635 strike636 instead637 trial638 practice 639 catch640 opportunity 641 likely642 recognize 643 permit644 serious645 attack646 floor647 association 648 spring649 lot650 stock651 lack652 hair653 science654 relation655 profession 656 pattern657 quick658 medical659 influence660 occasion661 machine662 compare663 husband664 blue665 international 666 fair667 especially 668 indeed669 imagine670 surprise671 average672 official673 temperature 674 difficult675 sing676 hit677 tree678 race679 police680 touch681 relative682 throw683 quality684 former685 pull686 chance687 prove688 argue689 settle690 growth691 date692 heat693 save694 performance 695 count696 production 697 listen698 main699 pick700 size702 army703 patient 704 combine 705 summer706 hall707 slight708 command 709 enjoy710 length711 proper712 express 713 health714 chief715 evening 716 store717 language 718 degree719 lay720 current 721 gun722 dog723 hotel724 strange 725 separate 726 boat727 fail728 clean729 dress730 anyone731 gain732 pain733 object734 knowledge 735 depend736 relate737 below738 dollar739 advance 740 shape741 arrange 742 population 743 yes744 sell745 mention 746 dry747 check749 sleep750 join751 hot752 bed753 electric 754 dream755 due756 season757 manner758 fit759 left760 progress 761 neither 762 strength 763 notice764 finish765 opinion 766 bill767 western 768 truth769 wrong770 travel771 suit772 bank773 exact774 honor775 brother 776 quiet777 marry778 corner779 handle780 danger781 hospital 782 pool783 promise 784 blood785 shoot786 scene787 literature 788 arrive789 film790 base791 freedom 792 bar793 maybe794 hang796 manufacture 797 frequent 798 rock799 loss800 burn801 sun802 audience 803 essential 804 glass805 prevent806 poem807 poor808 inch809 song810 skill811 post812 popular813 radio814 animal815 conscious 816 worth817 eat818 election 819 faith820 wave821 murder822 model823 forget824 extend825 edge826 distance 827 memory828 recommend 829 division 830 staff831 leg832 discussion 833 address834 fly835 dependent 836 ball837 shake838 frame839 extreme840 engineer 841 thick842 comfort 843 latter844 camp845 oil846 discover 847 examine 848 difficulty 849 tooth850 middle851 choice852 refer853 enemy854 practical 855 marriage 856 bridge857 declare 858 lady859 cross860 daily861 afternoon 862 attend863 director 864 balance 865 wash866 capital 867 speed868 block869 citizen 870 mouth871 hill872 green873 please874 motor875 agency876 encourage 877 governor 878 worry879 affair880 shoulder 881 bright882 mass883 sample884 pretty885 repeat886 roll887 push888 trip889 council 890 clothe891 parent892 forward 893 sharp894 straight 895 gas896 weight897 discuss 898 fix899 load900 master901 whatever 902 round903 rapid904 laugh905 finger906 spot907 propose 908 shop909 broad910 replace 911 reply912 extent913 lock914 employee 915 ahead916 sight917 spread918 wind919 approve 920 destroy 921 none922 pound923 fame924 importance 925 reflect 926 advantage 927 match928 regular 929 wage930 refuse931 existence 932 hardly933 perform 934 title935 tend937 thin938 coat939 bit940 mountain941 youth942 behavior943 newspaper944 secret945 ability946 sea947 soft948 justice949 reasonable950 circle951 solid952 page953 weapon954 fast955 representative 956 search957 pure958 escape959 crowd960 stick961 telephone962 avoid963 garden964 favor965 news966 unless967 dinner968 someone969 100 signal970 yard971 ideal972 warm973 miss974 shelter975 soldier976 article977 cry978 captain979 familiar980 seat981 guest982 weak984 king985 everyone986 wine987 hole988 duty989 beat990 perfect991 bottom992 compose993 battle994 expense995 cattle996 flow997 kitchen998 dust999 bottle1000 admit1001 tear1002 tire1003 expression 1004 exception 1005 application 1006 belong 1007 rich1008 failure 1009 struggle 1010 instrument 1011 variety 1012 narrow 1013 theater 1014 collection 1015 rain1016 review 1017 preserve 1018 leadership 1019 clay1020 daughter 1021 fellow 1022 swing1023 thank1024 library 1025 fat1026 reserve 1027 tour1028 nice1029 warn1031 bitter 1032 chair 1033 yesterday 1034 scientific 1035 flower 1036 wheel 1037 solution 1038 aim1039 gather 1040 invite 1041 moreover 1042 fresh 1043 forest 1044 winter 1045 box1046 belief 1047 ordinary 1048 impossible 1049 print 1050 gray1051 taste 1052 lip1053 speech 1054 reference 1055 stain 1056 connection 1057 otherwise 1058 stretch 1059 knife 1060 village 1061 blow1062 mistake 1063 sweet 1064 shout 1065 divide 1066 guard 1067 worse 1068 exchange 1069 rare1070 commercial 1071 request 1072 appoint 1073 agent 1074 dependence 1075 bird1076 wild1078 guess 1079 neighbor 1080 seed 1081 fashion 1082 loan 1083 correct 1084 plain 1085 mail 1086 retire 1087 opposite 1088 prefer 1089 safe 1090 evil 1091 double 1092 wood 1093 empty 1094 baby 1095 advise 1096 content 1097 sport 1098 lift 1099 literary 1100 curious 1101 tie 1102 flat 1103 message 1104 neck 1105 hate 1106 dirt 1107 delight 1108 trust 1109 nobody 1110 valley 1111 tool 1112 presence 1113 cook 1114 railroad 1115 minister 1116 coffee 1117 brush 1118 beside 1119 collect 1120 guide 1121 luck 1122 profit 1123 lord1125 prison1126 cloud1127 slave1128 chairman1129 soil1130 distinguish1131 introduce1132 urge1133 blind1134 arise1135 upper1136 curve1137 membership1138 key1139 entertain1140 soul1141 neighborhood1142 friendly 1143 pair 1144 stone1145 lean1146 protect1147 advertise1148 mystery1149 welcome1150 knee1151 jump1152 snake1153 stream1154 avenue1155 brown1156 disease1157 hat1158 excellent1159 formal1160 snow1161 sheet1162 somehow1163 unity1164 sky1165 rough1166 smooth1167 weather1168 steady1169 threaten1170 depth1171 oppose1173 ancient 1174 pray1175 adopt 1176 birth 1177 appearance 1178 universe 1179 busy1180 hurry 1181 coast 1182 forth 1183 smell 1184 furnish 1185 female 1186 hide1187 wire1188 proposal 1189 ought 1190 victory 1191 quarter 1192 engine 1193 customer 1194 waste 1195 fool1196 intend 1197 intention 1198 desk1199 politics 1200 passage 1201 lawyer 1202 root1203 climb 1204 metal 1205 gradual 1206 hunt1207 protection 1208 satisfy 1209 roof1210 branch 1211 pleasure 1212 witness 1213 loose 1214 nose1215 mine1216 band1217 aside 1218 risk1219 tomorrow 1220 remind 1221 ear1222 fish1223 shore1224 operator 1225 civilize 1226 being1227 silent 1228 screen 1229 bind1230 earn1231 pack1232 colony 1233 besides 1234 slip1235 cousin 1236 scale1237 relief 1238 explore 1239 stem1240 brain1241 musician 1242 defend 1243 bend1244 somebody 1245 shadow 1246 mix1247 smoke1248 description 1249 fruit1250 guilt1251 yield1252 sensitive 1253 salt1254 pale1255 sweep1256 completion 1257 throat 1258 agriculture 1259 admire 1260 gentle 1261 dozen1262 particle 1263 pleasant 1264 bay1265 cup1266 competition 1267 moon1268 terrible 1269 strip1270 mechanic 1271 shock1272 conversation 1273 angle1274 tall1275 plenty1276 star1277 yellow1278 sick1279 thorough 1280 absolute 1281 succeed 1282 surround 1283 proud1284 dear1285 card1286 lake1287 breath1288 afraid1289 silence 1290 onto1291 shoe1292 somewhere 1293 chain1294 slide1295 copy1296 machinery 1297 wake1298 severe1299 pocket1300 bone1301 honest1302 freeze1303 dictionary 1304 calm1305 swim1306 ice1307 male1308 skin1309 crack1310 rush1311 wet1312 meat1313 commerce 1314 joint1315 gift1316 host1317 suspect 1318 path1319 uncle1320 afford1321 instant 1322 satisfactory 1323 height1324 track1325 confidence 1326 grass1327 suggestion 1328 favorite 1329 breakfast 1330 apart1331 chest1332 entrance 1333 march1334 sink1335 northern 1336 iron1337 alive1338 ill1339 bag1340 disturb 1341 native1342 bedroom 1343 violent 1344 beneath 1345 pause1346 tough1347 substance 1348 threat1349 charm1350 absence 1351 factory 1352 spite1353 meal1354 universal 1355 accident 1356 highway 1357 sentence 1358 liberty 1359 wise1360 noise 1361 discovery 1362 tube1363 flash 1364 twist 1365 fence 1366 childhood 1367 joy1368 sister 1369 sad1370 efficiency 1371 disappear 1372 defeat 1373 extensive 1374 rent1375 comparison 1376 possess 1377 grace 1378 flesh 1379 liquid 1380 scientist 1381 ease1382 heaven 1383 milk1384 sympathy 1385 rank1386 restaurant 1387 frequency 1388 angry 1389 shade 1390 accuse 1391 necessity 1392 knock 1393 loud1394 permanent 1395 row1396 lovely 1397 confuse 1398 gold1399 frighten 1400 solve 1401 grave 1402 salary 1403 photograph 1404 advice 1405 abroad 1406 wound1407 virtue 1408 dare1409 queen 1410 extra 1411 attract 1412 numerous 1413 pink1414 gate1415 expensive 1416 shut1417 chicken 1418 forgive 1419 holy1420 wooden 1421 prompt 1422 crime 1423 sorry 1424 republic 1425 anger 1426 visitor 1427 pile1428 violence 1429 steel 1430 wing1431 stair 1432 partner 1433 delay 1434 gentleman 1435 pour1436 confusion 1437 damage 1438 kick1439 safety 1440 burst 1441 network 1442 resistance 1443 screw 1444 pride 1445 till1446 hire1447 verb1448 preach 1449 clerk 1450 everywhere 1451 anyway 1452 fan1453 connect1454 egg1455 efficient 1456 grain1457 calculate 1458 drag1459 opposition 1460 worship 1461 arrest1462 discipline 1463 string1464 harbor1465 camera1466 mechanism 1467 cow1468 grand1469 funny1470 insurance 1471 reduction 1472 strict1473 lesson1474 tight1475 sand1476 plate1477 qualify 1478 elsewhere 1479 mad1480 interference 1481 pupil1482 fold1483 royal1484 valuable 1485 whisper 1486 anybody 1487 hurt1488 excess1489 quantity 1490 fun1491 mud1492 extension 1493 recognition 1494 kiss1495 crop1496 sail1497 attractive 1498 habit1499 relieve 1500 wisdom1501 persuade 1502 certainty 1503 cloth1504 eager1505 deserve 1506 sympathetic 1507 cure1508 trap1509 puzzle 1510 powder 1511 raw1512 mankind 1513 glad1514 blame1515 whenever 1516 anxiety 1517 bus1518 tremble 1519 sacred 1520 fortunate 1521 glory1522 golden 1523 neat1524 weekend 1525 treasury 1526 overcome 1527 cat1528 sacrifice 1529 complain 1530 elect1531 roar1532 sake1533 temple 1534 self1535 compete 1536 nurse1537 stuff1538 stomach 1539 peculiar 1540 repair 1541 storm1542 ton1543 desert 1544 allowance 1545 servant 1546 hunger 1547 conscience1548 bread1549 crash1550 tip1551 strengthen 1552 proof1553 generous 1554 sir1555 tonight 1556 whip1557 tongue1558 mill1559 merchant 1560 coal1561 ruin1562 introduction 1563 courage 1564 actor1565 belt1566 stir1567 package 1568 punish1569 reflection 1570 breathe 1571 anywhere 1572 amuse1573 dull1574 fate1575 net1576 fellowship 1577 fault1578 furniture 1579 beam1580 pencil1581 border1582 disappoint 1583 flame1584 joke1585 bless1586 corn1587 shell1588 tempt1589 supper1590 destruction 1591 dive1592 anxious 1593 shine1594 cheap1596 distant 1597 greet1598 flood1599 excuse 1600 insect 1601 ocean1602 ceremony 1603 decrease 1604 prize1605 harm1606 insure 1607 verse1608 pot1609 sincere 1610 cotton 1611 leaf1612 rub1613 medicine 1614 stroke 1615 bite1616 lung1617 lonely 1618 admission 1619 stupid 1620 scratch 1621 composition 1622 broadcast 1623 drum1624 resist 1625 neglect 1626 absent 1627 passenger 1628 adventure 1629 beg1630 pipe1631 beard1632 bold1633 meanwhile 1634 devil1635 cheer1636 nut1637 split1638 melt1639 swear1640 sugar1641 bury1643 faint1644 creature 1645 tail1646 wealth1647 earnest1648 translate 1649 suspicion 1650 noble1651 inquiry1652 journey1653 hesitate 1654 extraordinary 1655 borrow1656 owe1657 funeral1658 ambition 1659 mixture1660 slope1661 criminal 1662 seldom1663 map1664 spin1665 praise1666 spare1667 plow1668 telegraph 1669 barrel1670 straighten 1671 scarce1672 lunch1673 slavery1674 creep1675 sweat1676 gay1677 stiff1678 brave1679 seize1680 convenient 1681 horizon1682 moderate 1683 complicate 1684 dig1685 curse1686 weigh1687 priest1688 excessive1689 quarrel1690 widow1691 modest1692 dine1693 politician1694 custom1695 educate1696 salesman1697 nail1698 tap1699 eastern1700 possession1701 satisfaction 1702 behave1703 mercy1704 scatter1705 objection1706 silver1707 tent1708 saddle1709 wrap1710 nest1711 grind1712 spell1713 plaster 1714 arch 1715 swell1716 friendship1717 bath1718 bundle1719 grateful1720 crown1721 boundary1722 nowhere1723 asleep1724 clock1725 boil1726 altogether1727 lend1728 holiday1729 precious1730 wander1731 ugly1732 reputation1733 ticket1734 pretend1735 dismiss1736 delicate1737 despair 1738 awake 1739 tea1740 FALSE 1741 fortune 1742 cap1743 thread 1744 haste 1745 bare1746 shirt 1747 bargain 1748 leather 1749 rail1750 butter 1751 dot1752 inquire 1753 warmth 1754 decisive 1755 vessel 1756 pity1757 steam 1758 pin1759 bound 1760 companion 1761 toe1762 reward 1763 forbid 1764 wherever 1765 tower 1766 bathe 1767 lodge 1768 swallow 1769 multiply 1770 bow1771 kingdom 1772 garage 1773 permission 1774 pump1775 prevention 1776 urgent 1777 aunt1778 zero1779 idle1780 fever 1781 Christmas 1782 regret 1783 jaw1784 soap1785 pronounce 1786 empire1787 bowl1788 outline1789 organ1790 imitation 1791 caution1792 mineral1793 disagree1794 blade1795 trick1796 treasure1797 immense1798 convenience 1799 disapprove 1800 destructive 1801 fork1802 noon1803 ownership 1804 tune1805 polish1806 poison1807 shame1808 loyalty1809 cottage1810 astonish1811 shave1812 feather1813 sauce1814 lid1815 debt1816 fade1817 confess1818 classification 1819 descend1820 cape1821 mild1822 clever1823 envelope1824 invention 1825 sheep1826 splendid1827 stamp1828 float1829 brick1830 rice1831 businessman 1832 backward 1833 qualification 1834 artificial 1835 attraction 1836 lamp1837 curl1838 shower1839 elder1840 bunch1841 bell1842 steer1843 flavor1844 spit1845 rob1846 cream1847 interrupt 1848 pen1849 weave1850 orange1851 rescue1852 crush1853 humble1854 fancy1855 decay1856 polite1857 tribe1858 bleed1859 coin1860 fond1861 autumn1862 classify 1863 omit1864 loyal1865 needle1866 lessen1867 complaint 1868 pad1869 steep1870 skirt1871 curtain1872 calculation 1873 laughter 1874 solemn1875 grease1876 interfere 1877 explode1878 fasten 1879 flag 1880 resign 1881 postpone 1882 patience 1883 boast 1884 rope 1885 envy 1886 airplane 1887 rid1888 shield 1889 veil 1890 kneel 1891 tray 1892 explosive 1893 brass 1894 taxi 1895 wax1896 duck 1897 button 1898 invent 1899 remedy 1900 bush 1901 thunder 1902 weaken 1903 poverty 1904 scrape 1905 arrow 1906 tender 1907 cruel 1908 soften 1909 mouse 1910 hay1911 anyhow 1912 alike 1913 circular 1914 juice 1915 shelf 1916 bake 1917 hatred 1918 cautious 1919 basket 1920 wreck 1921 width 1922 confident 1923 log1924 heap1926 ladder 1927 gap1928 obey1929 hut1930 axe1931 translation 1932 collar 1933 delivery 1934 reproduce 1935 confession 1936 pan1937 prejudice 1938 voyage 1939 tobacco 1940 simplicity 1941 paste1942 cake1943 elephant 1944 ribbon 1945 harvest 1946 ashamed 1947 cave1948 customary 1949 thief1950 damp1951 sew1952 rust1953 separation 1954 waiter 1955 pet1956 straw1957 upset1958 towel1959 refresh 1960 essence 1961 fur1962 ambitious 1963 defendant 1964 daylight 1965 dip1966 suspicious 1967 imaginary 1968 ash1969 carriage 1970 educator 1971 saw1973 rubber 1974 rug1975 misery 1976 awkward 1977 rival1978 roast1979 deed1980 preference 1981 explosion 1982 theatrical 1983 cultivate 1984 collector 1985 miserable 1986 wrist1987 rabbit 1988 accustom 1989 tide1990 insult 1991 thumb1992 lump1993 annoy1994 toy1995 heal1996 shallow 1997 repetition 1998 soup1999 whistle 2000 scenery 2001 apple2002 offense 2003 cork2004 ripe2005 temper 2006 sore2007 pinch2008 diamond 2009 razor2010 imaginative 2011 hook2012 copper 2013 landlord 2014 influential 2015 rot2016 hollow 2017 enclose 2018 harden2019 wicked 2020 stiffen 2021 silk2022 upright 2023 selfish 2024 stripe 2025 pig2026 inward 2027 excellence 2028 rake2029 purple 2030 hasten 2031 shorten 2032 applause 2033 ache2034 apology 2035 knot2036 nephew 2037 cushion 2038 drown 2039 nursery 2040 pint2041 fierce 2042 imitate 2043 aloud 2044 gaiety 2045 robbery 2046 tighten 2047 perfection 2048 scorn 2049 whoever 2050 trunk 2051 wool2052 sailor 2053 competitor 2054 moonlight 2055 deer2056 bean2057 everyday 2058 drawer 2059 disregard 2060 nowadays 2061 patriotic 2062 tin2063 penny 2064 cage2065 pardon2066 lately2067 offend2068 coarse2069 spoil2070 horizontal 2071 sting2072 ditch2073 librarian 2074 meantime 2075 cough2076 deaf2077 sword2078 messenger 2079 vain2080 castle2081 elastic 2082 comb2083 rod2084 widen2085 sorrow2086 inventor 2087 cliff2088 umbrella 2089 interruption 2090 merry2091 gallon2092 conquest 2093 headache 2094 tailor2095 bucket2096 scent2097 signature 2098 cart2099 darken2100 sometime 2101 applaud 2102 underneath 2103 hello2104 pretense 2105 descent 2106 conquer 2107 framework 2108 confidential 2109 adoption 2110 disgust 2111 waist2112 momentary2113 receipt2114 pearl2115 ray2116 lazy2117 limb2118 grammatical 2119 beast2120 monkey2121 jewel2122 persuasion 2123 obedience2124 sock2125 vowel2126 hammer2127 inn2128 chimney2129 dissatisfaction 2130 annoyance2131 ornament2132 honesty2133 outward2134 sharpen2135 handkerchief 2136 greed2137 heavenly2138 thirst2139 niece2140 spill2141 loaf2142 wheat2143 worm2144 secrecy2145 rude2146 heighten2147 flatten2148 loosen2149 cheese2150 rivalry2151 royalty2152 discontent 2153 complication 2154 fright2155 indoor2156 flour2157 actress2158 congratulation 2159 ounce。

新发展研究生英语第一单元课前问题及课文译文

Pre-reading Activities2. Discuss the following questions.1. Do you know of marriages that have failed?回答：Yes, I do. 或No, I don’t.If so, what do you think people have suffered from their failed marriages and what were the possible causes? (你认为人们从他们失败的婚姻中遭遇了什么？造成这种婚姻失败的原因是什么？)回答：I think that people in failed marriages suffer unsuccessful career, because of bad mood of their failed marriages, their career is influenced. What’s more, they can become unconfident and lonely. (我认为失败婚姻中的人们会遭遇失败的事业，因为失败婚姻带来的坏情绪会影响他们的事业。

另外，他们会变得不自信和孤独)回答：（造成这种婚姻失败的原因是什么？）I think that the possible causes are couple’s qualities and their moral character. If the couples’qualities are fit each other, their marriage is happy. If the couples both have moral character, they don’t love others and they can be loyal for their spouse. So I think that couple’s qualities and their moral character are important for marriage. (我认为造成婚姻失败的可能原因是夫妻双方的个性和他们的品质。

sss数据分析教程之SPSS信分析和效度分析OC

信度分析和效度分析数据计分方法说明类别对应维度计分方法题项小分类题项每题计分方法1-3 全部题项直接加情感枯竭正向计分 3 题总4-6 全部题项直接加职业倦怠去个性化正向计分 3题总7-10 全部题项取倒数个人成就感逆向计分 4题后加总11-18 全部题项直接加心理资本正向计分8题总21题为逆向计19-26 21题取倒数后与组织气氛分，其余题项正8题其余题项加总向计分27题和31题为逆27和31题取到术总体幸福27-31向计分，其余题后与其余题项加 5 感题项为正向计分总以上各个维度的整体问卷31总分直接加总讲问卷调查的数据进行如上表的数据预处理后，接下来再进行如下分析。

1信度分析这里有63份问卷，首先我们需要的判定的是问卷中的调查题目能否反映调查的目的和调查的意图，问卷中的各个问题是否测量了相同的内容和信息；同时，对于调查问卷所得到的数据是否具有可靠性，就必须在对问卷分析之前做信度分析。

信度本身与测量结果的正确与否无关，它的用途在于检测问卷本身的稳定性。

信度分析中常用Cron bach a系数的大小来衡量调查问卷的信度。

一般而言，如果问卷的信度系数达到0.9以上，该问卷调查的信度就较好；信度系数在0.8以上，是不错的；一般认为试卷信度在0.5至0.9以内是合理的，如果信度系数低于0.5，则此问卷的调查结果就不可信了。

将以上63份问卷的数据用SPSS21.0先进行标准化处理，再进行信度分析，其结果如表一所示：表一信度分析表类别Cronbach's项数Alp ha整体问卷.617 31职业倦怠.822 10心理资本.801 8组织气氛.837 8总体幸福感.679 5表一显示，整体问卷和问卷中的各个维度的Cron bach's Al pha系数值均大于0.6，所以可以推断此问卷的可信度一般，该评价问卷只具有很较高的内在一致性。

2效度分析具备信度的问题不一定具备效度，因此做完信度分析，再用SP SS21.0对其进行效度分析。

考研,你来晚点没关系

考研，你来晚点没关系——致敬考研真相，追忆无悔青春2012年5月，还未毕业的我经一个师哥介绍，来到江苏苏州，进入学而思教育，做学生校外一对一辅导。

虽说我们是师范专业出身，但面对现在的中学生尤其是高中生还是有诸多挑战，加之现在的学生家长文化层次较高，所以对老师的要求很高很高，甚至可以说苛刻。

我在苏州带了一批孩子，两个学期时间。

到了13年6月底学生放暑假了，有一天我突然起了一个念头，不行，我得考研，我不能就这么下去。

我所说的这么下去就是在苏州这一年多以来的生活状态。

工作性质的原因，我们除周一外（周一是休息日）每天下午三点上班，晚上九点下班。

上班内容包括备课、一对一讲课、辅导作业等等。

看似简单，实际上还是很有压力很辛苦的，每天晚上下班回到住处收拾完休息时都接近零点了，第二天睡个懒觉补补脑子，继续。

前面说了，现在的学生普遍比较早熟早慧，加之家长学历高，要求多，所以，本科毕业的我还是蛮有压力和焦虑的。

身边的同事有研究生，工作明显感觉比我更轻松，更得心应手，而且家长明显更信赖和倾向他们，这对我而言无疑是不小的打击。

于是我想到了考研，当我把这想法跟我师哥讲时，他表示吃惊和不理解，虽然他有和我一样的处境和感受。

决心已下，我便开始着手准备。

但这时我还不能立即辞职去专心实施我这激动人心的计划。

我把情况跟校区主任说了，他没有明确反对，只是让我坚持把暑假班的课带完。

于是从七月份开始我便开始了这注定艰难的考研之路。

首先我在心里选取了我的目标院校和专业，我想离家近些，这样能多陪陪家人，毕业以后也好就近找工作。

于是选择了我心仪已久的西北大学（高考志愿曾经报过，惜败），汉语国际教育专业。

接下来，就是选备考书籍了。

专业书的话我在论坛上了解了，西大汉语国际教育用的郭锡良的《古代汉语》，黄伯荣、廖序东的《现代汉语》，刘询的《对外汉语教育学引论》等，这些很明确很好找。

最让我纠结的是考研英语的辅导书该如何选择。

因为离开学校已有一年多时间，加之原本就对考研的方方面面不很熟悉，所以总是犯难。

Describing People

Home Tutor SchemeLesson PlanTopic: Describing People© The Smith Family Home Tutor SchemeLESSON OUTCOMES - Describing PeopleIntroduction 1. Warm up questions2. VocabularyDescribing Appearance Functions & Structures 1. Structures for describing appearance2. Description Order3. Modifiers: very, quite, really …Introduction 1. VocabularyDescribing Character Grammar 1. Adjective orderExtension Grammar 1. Compound adjectivesTo give a description of a person, your student needs to understand the vocabularyto use, what details are important, and the order in which to give the details.Pictures are very useful to teach appearance vocabulary.Phase 1: Describing AppearanceWarm-up Questions1. Who’s your favourite movie star?2. What does he/she look like?3. How do you describe yourself?4. Do you look like your brother/sister?5. Who do you look like, your mum or your dad?Vocabulary1. Take down the description words used in answers to Question 2 & 3. Askyour student to put them under the correct heading (see attachment 1 at theend).2. Introduce more vocabulary using the pictures available fromhttp://www.learnenglish.de/basics/appearances.htmStructures1. Structures for describing appearance.What does he/she look like?---Age He/She is young / middle-aged / elderly / old.a baby/ toddler / teenager.in his/her 20s / 30s …in his/her early / late 20s.Height He/She is 165cm tall.of average / medium height.tall / very tall / rather tall.short.Build He/She is fat / overweight / plump /chubbyskinny /thin / slim / plump.well-built.muscular.Hair/face He/She has (got) black, straight hair.a round / long / square face. Clothes He/She wears a hat / earrings.is in black.Distinguishing Features He/She wears glasses / contacts / braces.has (got) a tattoo / a piercing.2. Description OrderStudy the descriptions in Vocabulary 3 and work out the order information is given.1) General characteristics: age, height, build and gender.2) Details such as hair and any other distinguishing features, like the eyes or the nose, a beard, a moustache, glasses, etc. For example,Anna is quite young, she is in her twenties. She’s very tall and thin. She has long brown and curly hair and beautiful blue eyes.Exercises1. Look at the pictures and descriptions1) Match the descriptions with the pictures.2) Use the information to describe the people, first orally, then in written.around 20 / tall / slim / beautiful / long straight hair in his 40s/short /stocky /mustachereally cute /wavy hair /big beautifuleyesaround 60years old /short curlyhair /glassesa wide face/ dark-skinned /muscularyoung / ofmediumheight / aponytailFor example,1) She is around 20 years old. She is tall, slim, and beautiful. She has long straight hair.2. Use Attachment 1 to introduce more vocabularyGeneral beautiful, pretty, handsome, sexy, cute, good-lookingFace Shape square, oval, round, triangularSkin freckled, fair complexion, tanned, wrinkled, silky, baby-soft, glowing, dry, callused, rough, dark-skinned, olive-skinnedEyes almond-shaped, squintyLips thin/full lips, pursed lips, pouting lipsHair texture wavy, curly, straight, spiky, buzzed, shaved, neatly-combed, cropped Lots of hair: thick, bushy, coarseLittle hair: think, scraggly, limp, flat, balding, bald, bald spot, hasreceding hairlineHair Styles braids, ponytail, pigtail, bun, twist, flip,layered, chopped, spiked, slicked downTreated hair: permed, dyed, bleached, highlighted, weavedFacial hair beard, goatee, mustache, sideburnsbearded, unshaven, clean-shaven, trimmed, neatly-trimmedCultural noteHelp your student to become aware of words that people usually find offensive. For example, we often say a bit overweight instead of fat.Vocabulary exercise: Reply with the opposite description.Example A: I thought you said he was the short, chubby one.B: No, no, no, not at all, he’s the tall, thin-faced one.1) A: Was that his brother, the dark-skinned, wavy-haired one?B: No, completely the opposite, his brother’s …2) A: So Charlene’s that rather plump, fair-haired woman, is she?B: No, you’re looking at the wrong one. Charlene’s …3) A: So, tell us about the new boss; good looking?B: No, I’m afraid not; rather …4) A: I don’t know why, but I expected the tour-guide to be middle-aged or elderly. B: No, apparently she’s really …3. Describe the people in the pictures below (Alternatively cut out some pictures ofpeople from magazines). It is also a good opportunity to go over the clothes vocabulary and structures.3. ModifiersWe use modifiers with adjectives to express the degree or extent of the quality described by the adjective they precede.1) really: Her hair is really long; I love it.2) very: John is a very happy boy – always smiling.3) rather: Her eyes are rather small but her face is very pretty altogether.4) quite: My boss is quite tall.5) quite a: She is quite a pretty woman in her forties.6) not very: Mary is not very intelligent, but she works really hard.7) a little/ a bit: She is a bit shy, don’t you think so?There are two other words that can be used to modify the quality of the colours.1) light: She has beautiful light blue eyes.2) dark: Her hair is dark brown, but not as dark as yours.Practice1. /kids-games-face-match.htmListen to the descriptions and find the right person. This is a great way to practise listening for key words and to reinforce vocabulary learning.2. Talk about your ideal of a handsome man / a beautiful woman.3. Who’s your favorite move star? Can you describe him/her in more details now?Phase 2: Describing CharacterVocabularyUse the words below to describe yourself, your best friend and someone you dislike. For example,My little sister is really sweet.My friend Maria is very responsible and polite. My mum loves her.Susan is not only intelligent, but also very hard-working.Peter is quite shy and quiet, but he’s very friendly.ambitiousbossycapable, caring, cheerful, close-minded, confident, (in)considerate, creativedulleasygoing, emotional, empathetic, energeticfriendly, funnygenerous, gentlehard-working, (dis)honest, humorousimaginative, independent, intelligentkindlazy, loyalmature, mean, modest, moodynaïve, narrow-minded, naughty, nice, noisyopen-minded, optimistic, outgoing, organisedpatient, pessimistic, polite(un)reliable, (ir)responsible, rudeselfish, sensible, sensitive, serious, shy, sincere, smart, sociable, strong-minded, stubborn, stupid, sweet, sympatheticthrifty, tolerantExercises1. what are the antonyms of the following words?1) responsible ----2) intelligent ---3) optimistic ---4) generous ---5) humorous ---6) polite ---7) mature ---8) hard-working ---9) outgoing ---10) reliable ---2. Choose the best answer to complete the sentences.1) I really like people who are ______________ because they always believethat things will work out in spite of difficult challenges.a) dependent b) humble c) optimistic2) Monica is very ______________ and always gives her time and resources tohelp those who are in need.a) ambitious b) generous c) reliable3) To be honest, my father can't stand coworkers who are ______________ andwon't consider new ideas or ways of doing things.a) close-minded b) dishonest c) inconsiderate3. Complete the following sentences.1) I like someone who is ___________ because ________.2) I enjoy being around people who are _______ because _______.3) I can't stand people who are _______ because _________. Grammar: Adjective OrderWhen you use more than one adjective, you have to put them in the right order, according to type.Opinion An opinion adjective explains what you think about something. Examples: silly, beautiful, horrible, difficultSize A size adjective tells you how big or small something is. Examples: large, tinyAge An age adjective tells you how young or old something or someone is.Examples: young, oldShape A shape adjective describes the shape. Examples: square, round, flat, rectangularColour blue, pink, reddish, greyOrigin An origin adjective describes where something comes from. Examples: French, lunar, American, eastern, GreekMaterial A material adjective describes what something is made from. Examples: wooden, metal, cotton, paperPurpose A purpose adjective describes what something is used for. These adjectives often end with "-ing". Examples: sleeping bag, serving bowl Some examples of adjective orderOpinion Size Age Shape Colour Origin Material Purposesmart young English man huge round metal bowlsmall red sleeping bag Note: 1) If there are more than two adjectives, use commas after each adjective except the last one, ie no comma between the last adjective and the noun.For example,Alice prefers black, Italian, leather furniture.2) If there are two adjectives, no comma is used. For example,She has got pretty long hair.3) The rule is to avoid using more than three adjectives in a row. Only includethose really relevant and important.Exercise: Choose the right answer.1. He was wearing a ________ shirt.1) dirty old flannel2) flannel old dirty3) old dirty flannel2. Pass me the ________ cups.1) plastic big blue2) big blue plastic3) big plastic blue3. All the girls fell in love with the ________ movie star.1) handsome new American2) American new handsome3) new handsome American4. I used to drive ________ car.1) a blue old German2) an old German blue3) an old blue German5. He recently married a ________ woman.1) young beautiful Greek2) beautiful young Greek3) beautiful Greek youngPracticeRead the following passage (Alternatively you can read the passage to your student as a listening comprehension exercise).My Friend LaraLet me describe my friend Lara Dang to you. She is twenty-two years old and she studies English at AMES Surry Hills. She was born in Vietnam.Lara is slim and very tall – about 180cm. I think she is the tallest of all my friends. She’s got black straight hair down to her waist and pretty brown eyes. She is very pretty, in fact; and boys are always asking her out.Lara has an open personality and is a lot of fun. She is caring and kind and loves animals. She also enjoys talking to people and sharing good moments with them.1. Conversation questions.1) How old is Lara?2) Where does she come from?3) Where does she study?4) What does Lara look like?5) Is she a nice person?6) Do you want a friend like Lara? Why?7) What kind of people do you usually get along well with?2. Use the passage as a model. Talk about / Write on one of your friends/family members. You can also add information such as marital status, clothes, abilities and likes & dislikes.Extension: Compound AdjectivesCompound adjectives are used regularly in daily English. A compound adjective is a single adjective comprising more than one word. The words in a compound adjective are usually grouped together using hyphens. One type of compound adjectives ends with –ed. For example, open-minded, middle-aged, dark-skinned. Exercise: Rewrite the sentences using compound adjectives.1. Sue is a girl with fair hair = Sue is a _______________ girl.2. He writes with his left hand = He is a _________________ man.3. Jim has got blue eyes = Jim is a _________________ boy.4. He is a boy with dark skin = He is a ________________ boy.。

考研备考英语阅读推荐：如何识破谎言

考研备考英语阅读推荐：如何识破谎言没有测谎仪，只要一双肉眼就能发现有人撒谎!有哪些意想不到的招数，让说谎者无路可逃?一起来学习吧!People lie all the time, but depending on how skilled they are, it can be difficult to determine when someone is lying to you. Do you know how to recognize the signs that someone is lying to you? Some of the signs are obvious while others are more subliminal, but there are ways to catch someone in a lie, you just need to know what they are. Here are some easy ways to recognize liars and catch lies:人们都会撒谎，区别只是撒谎技术的高下;有时，很难判断一个人是否在对你撒谎。

你知道通过哪些信号来分辨一个人是否在对你撒谎么?有些信号十分明显，而有些则稍纵即逝难以察觉。

不过，总有办法能识别谎言，而你所要知道的就是了解这些信号。

下面就一起来看看如何轻松发现撒谎者和他们的谎言吧～1.A person who is lying to you won't make eye contact with you or they make too much eye contact.撒谎者或避免眼神交流，或眼神交流太过频繁If a person is lying they may feel you are scrutinizing them and they will look down at the floor or away from your eyes. Some people try to stare you in the face in a deliberate way because they feel like making eye contact will make what they are saying more believable.撒谎者总觉得你在仔细审视他们，于是，他们或盯着地板，或避免与你有眼神交流。

【考研英语辅导班】真题三遍研究法,提升英语阅读正确率

【考研英语辅导班】真题三遍研究法，提升英语阅读正确率启道考验分享得英语者得考研，想超越80分，关注启道英语考研辅导班。

全国硕士研究生入学考试的英语试卷分为英语（一）和英语（二）。

英语（一）即原研究生入学统考“英语”，所有学术型硕士研究生（十三大门类，110个一级学科）和部分专业型硕士（法律硕士、临床医学硕士、口腔医学硕士、建筑学硕士、护理硕士、汉语国际教育硕士、公共卫生硕士等）必考英语（一）。

英语（二）主要是为高等院校和科研院所招收不考英语（一）的专业学位硕士研究生而设置的具有选拔性质的统考科目。

对于很多考生来说，考研英语是一门比较难的科目，很多同学为了取得更好的分数都会选择报考研英语辅导班!那么多的考研英语辅导班那，究竟哪个考研英语辅导班比较好呢?哪个才是适合自己的呢？启道考研小编来帮忙。

在启道考研英语辅导班，不需要每天不停的刷阅读，刷阅读，刷阅读。

更不需要毫无目标的做真题，做真题，做真题。

掌握有效的学习方法，完成事半功倍的学习效率。

英语阅读如何提升正确率一直是个迷。

不过启道考研英语辅导班发现大多数英语基础不是很好的同学，在经过长期的复习学习后，能达到院线要求的这部分人，大多数人的考研真题阅读最少都研究了三遍。

三遍真题研究法则会帮助大家击破阅读套路哦。

第一遍是熟悉历年来的阅读文章类型，熟悉真题阅读出题的方向，以及摘录文章中的陌生单词;第二遍是在熟悉阅读文章的单词后，在没有多少单词阻碍的情况下，具体研究自己易错的阅读题型是哪些，并且分析是什么原因造成这些错误的;第三遍是经过对易错题型的研究、总结和针对复习，第三次做题的时候面对该题型有正确的思考思路。

很多考研同学说自己研究真题一遍又一遍，但是没有多大效果，其实很多人的一遍又一遍不叫研究，叫做题，他们每一遍的注意点都在五个题目对了几个错了几个上，没有深究自己为什么错，总是错的是哪些东西，以及怎么避免这些错误再次产生。

►第一遍研究真题的目的：熟悉真题阅读的文章类型和出题方向，积累陌生考研词汇♦做题方法：一.先看五个问题开始做阅读理解之前，先把文章的五个问题看清楚，比如清楚这道题目考察的是单词呢还是文章的释义，还是整体概括。

Homework05

1. 2. 3. 1. 2. 3. 1. 2. Homework 5Boolean algebra and two-level design1. Simplifying with Don’t CaresConsider functions f(w,x,y,z) and g(w,x,y,z) specified by the Karnaugh maps shown below.For each function, f and g:Give a minimal SOP expression and show the corresponding loops on the K-map.Give a minimal POS expression and show the corresponding loops on the K-map.Is your minimal SOP expression in part 1 equivalent to your minimal POS expression in part 2? Explain, using 1-2 sentences. Refer to your Hint:K-maps and observe the loops. (Do not try to verify algebraically.)2. Boolean algebra, dualityLet and be Boolean variables.x y Using perfect induction, prove that x(x'+y)=xy.State the dual of x(x'+y)=xy. By what principle do you know the dual statement is also true?Using dual of x(x'+y)=xy, simplify the following Boolean expression: y'+z+x(y'+z)'.3. NAND/NOR circuitsImplement wx + x'z + ywz using NAND gates only. Do not simplify the expression.The figure below shows a 2-level NOR circuit that implements a function g(v,w,x,y,z). Give a product-of-sums expression for g(v,w,x,y,z) and drawa 2-level OR-to-AND circuit for function g. Assume complemented inputs are available.Homework 5 is due on Wednesday, March 25, at the start of the lecture. Remember to include your (e.g.Discussions section ED1) and follow the complete submission guidelines.Homework Please ask all questions about this assignment during the office hours, or post them on .piazza1. 2.3. 4. Logic design word problemYou notice an advertisement in a campus newspaper seeking an ECE student for a part-time job working in Psychology Professor Zapper's laboratory, and you apply for and get the job! Professor Zapper assigns you the task of building logic circuitry for the following experiment studying the learning ability of rats. The experimenter enters a number 0,1,2, or 3 on a keypad, which encodes the number as a two-bit unsigned integer as the binary input to your A A 10circuit. The experiment cage has two levers to which the left and right paws of the rat are strapped. The output of the levers, and , respectively, which L R will also be inputs to your circuit, are 1 if pressed by the rat, and 0 otherwise.There are three lights in a row in the cage, corresponding to the input numbers 1, 2, and 3; call these , , and ; the corresponding light should be on F 1F 2F 3(output 1) only for the corresponding input number. There is also an output , which when activated () gives the rat a mild electric shock.Z Z = 1Professor Zapper wants the experiment to work as follows:When the experimenter's input number is zero, the rat is never shocked (), and all of the lights are off.Z = 0When the input number is 1, the light alone is activated, and the rat receives a shock it presses only the left lever ().F 1unless L = 1When the input number is 2, the light alone is activated, and the rat receives a shock unless it presses only the right lever ().F 2R = 1When the input number is 3, the light alone is activated, and the rat receives a shock if it presses either or both levers.F 3Based on this description, you need to design a circuit for Professor Zapper's experiment.Design the desired truth table (inputs ) for the outputs , , and .A , A , L, R 10Z, F 3F 2F 1Use a Karnaugh map to reduce the logical expression for this function to a minimal SOP form.Z Draw the complete logic schematic circuit diagram for your system, for inputs entering on the left side, and outputs , , , and A , A , L, R 10F 1F 2F 3Z on the right side.5. 4-bit Gray code to Excess-3 converter circuitis a decimal code, in which each decimal digit d is represented by the 4-bit binary representation of d + 3. For instance the decimal digit 2 would Excess-3be denoted in excess-3 by 0101 (because 2 + 3 = 5 and 0101 is the binary representation of 5). Excess-3 also has 6 unused 4-bit strings, including 0000 and 1111.Now consider a as defined in Section 2.1 of Prof. Lumetta's notes, where the first ten codes are used to denote decimal digits. For 4-bit Gray code example, number 2 is represented as 0011., number 9 is represented as 1101. Other combinations should never be encountered102102Decimal Excess-3x x x x 32104-bit Gray code g g g g 321000011 0000 101000001201010011301100010...... (911001101)1. 2. 3. 4. 5. In this problem you will design a logic circuit that takes a 4-bit Gray code encoding g g g g 3210as input and outputs the corresponding 4-bit excess-3 codeword .x x x 321x 0Complete a truth table showing the four outputs input . Draw all 16 rows in the x x x 3, 2, 1, and x 0, corresponding to each Gray code g g g 321g 0 truth table (the rows must be in ascending order) and use don't cares where appropriate.Draw K-maps for all four outputs x x x 3, 2, 1, and x 0 , each as a function of g g g 3, 2, 1, and g 0 Notice that some input bit combinations are not valid correspond to don't cares in the K-map.inputs and so should never be encountered. These inputs Using the K-maps from part 2, give a minimal SOP expression for each of x x x 3, 2, 1, and x 0. Be sure to use don't cares in order that yourexpressions are as simple as possible.Now draw the complete logic schematic, with inputs entering from the left and outputs exiting to the right. Your circuit should be 2-level and based on the minimal SOP expressions from part 3; you can assume that complemented inputs are also available. Keep your drawing as Note:easy to read as possible; e.g. keep wires short and do not let wires cross.Suppose we wish to include a fifth output E , where E = 1 if and only if the input was . (In other words, invalid E = 1 indicates there was an input Give a Boolean expression for E. You do not need to draw the circuit.error.) simple 6. Programming in C#include <stdio.h>int main(){unsigned int a, b, c, d;unsigned int f;/* Print header for K-map. */printf(" bc \n");printf(" 00 01 11 10 \n");printf(" ______________\n");/* row-printing loop */for (a = 0; 2 > a; a = a + 1){printf("a=%u | ", a);/* Loop over input variable b in binary order. */for (b = 0; 2 > b; b = b + 1){/* Loop over d in binary order.*/for (d = 0; 2 > d; d = d + 1){/* Use variables b and d to calculate ** input variable c (iterated in ** Gray code order). *//* CALCULATE c HERE. *//* Calculate and print one K-map entry ** (function F(a,b,c) ). *//* INSERT CODE HERE. */}}/* End of row reached: print a newline character. */printf("\n");}return 0;}The above program provides some initial code to generate a 3-variable K-Map for a 3-variable Boolean function. For example, for function F(a,b,c) = ab + b'c' the program should print the following:bc00 01 11 10______________a=0 | 1 0 0 0 a=1 | 1 0 1 11. 2. 3. Complete the program above. For your portion of the code at "CALCULATE c HERE", you must begin by ensuring that the variable c followsGray code order and runs from 0 to 1 when b=0, but from 1 to 0 when b=1. At "INSERT CODE HERE", you must then calculate the function F. Do not otherwise change the program.For full points, use C's bitwise operators (&, |, ^ and ~) to perform both of these calculations.Print the K-Map for F(a,b,c) = (a+b') (a'+c') (a+b'+c').Turn in a printout of your code and its output.Hint 1: You may find it helpful to verify the output on a paper version of the K-map.Hint 2: Remember that bitwise operators operate on the entire pattern of 32-bits (here the bit pattern corresponds to unsigned int). It might be useful for you to print the output F to see for yourself what is happening with the bits. Then, before having your code printing F, you must 'discard' all bits other than the 1's position (one way would be to use an & operation with an appropriate value). Again, you may not hardcode the K-map or change the program other than as specified.。

弟弟你写作业吗英语

弟弟你写作业吗英语Hello, little brother! Today, we're going to learn how to ask if someone is doing their homework in English. It's a very common question, especially when you want to know if your sibling or a friend is busy with their schoolwork.Here's how you can ask in English:1. "Are you doing your homework?"This is a straightforward question. You're directly asking if the person is currently working on their homework.2. "Have you started your homework yet?"This question is a bit more specific. You're asking if the person has begun their homework.3. "Are you working on your homework right now?"Similar to the first question, but with an emphasis on the present moment.4. "Did you finish your homework?"If you're curious whether the homework has been completed, this is a good question to ask.5. "Do you need help with your homework?"This is a caring question. You're offering assistance if your brother is struggling with his homework.Remember, it's important to be polite when asking these questions. You can also add "please" and "thank you" to make your question sound more friendly.Now, let's practice a little dialogue:Brother: Hey, little brother, are you doing your homework?Little Brother: Yes, I am. I'm working on my math problems.Brother: Great! If you need help, just let me know.Little Brother: Thanks, I appreciate it.This way, you can easily communicate with your brother about homework in English. Keep practicing, and soon you'll be able to ask and answer these questions with ease!。

高效能辅导

等级 ”，并向“A＋”的运营标准迈进
Copyright © 2001 Tricon Global Restaurants, Inc.
August 2001 5
Copyright © 2001 Tricon Global Restaurants, Inc.
辅导过程发现问题（ EXPLORE）
发现包含三个步骤：
观察
需要什么样的行动？
用引导性的问题发问避免太早作出结论倾听不同的意见进行观察－注意员工的行为评估员工的工作能力审核记录的数据询问员工所接受的训练或经验
提供支持
达成共识
Copyright © 2001 Tricon Global Restaurants, Inc.
August 2001 4
辅导过程使习惯化（Make It Stick)
习惯化包括三个行动
沟通结果观察审核
如何养成一个习惯？
针对进展给予适时的回馈追踪行动计划表扬成功给予认可鼓励以强化行为确保行动是可以维持的
辅导模式 E.A.R.S.
发现问题询问/聆听观察审核
A
E
E.A.R.S. E.A.R.S.
分析问题事实？个别行为或模式？根源？
S
使习惯化沟通结果完成后肯定习惯化
R
回应问题确立方向训练给予回馈提供支持 & 得到回应
August 2001 1
询问
聆听
Copyright © 2001 Tricon Global Restaurants, Inc.
August 2001 2
辅导过程
分析问题（ANALYZE）
分析包含三个因素：

如何快速准确解答考研英语阅读细节题？

如何快速准确解答考研英语阅读细节题？由历年考研英语真题可知，阅读理解部分的试题中，大多数是针对段落的细节设计的，其目的是为了测试考生对组成段落的主体部分的理解。

在每年的考试中，细节题的数量是最多的，大约占50%，其中涉及对文章中复杂句，列举，例证，引用，转折，因果关系等的处理，因此做好这类题至关重要。

怎样快速解答细节题？且听考试点sunny老师怎么说。

定位特征1.对研究行为进行描述：study，research，survey，findings，grope，assumption，hypothesis目的：aim，purpose，target，for，to方法：way，means，approach，by，in发现：discover，findings，show，found，analysis，cause，because，application2.专有名词出现的地方：UN，Dr.3.年代、时间、数字4.特殊符号出现的地方：冒号：破折号------ 引号””分号；括号（）5.信号词出现的地方转折：however，but，nevertheless，though，even though，on the contrary，instead important，above all，again，as well，especially原因：because，attribute A to B，if，when6.特殊语法出现的地方：定语从句，同位语从句，分词做状语，虚拟语气正确项1.用同义词替换原文句子中某些词语，一般不超过两个，大体语法不变。

2.变换语法但是不改变原意。

如主动态变被动态，定语从句还原，省略副词等3.原文句子是否定形式，从反面叙述，而答案是正面形式，是肯定叙述4.原文从A角度叙述，答案从B角度叙述，本质不变5.原文是抽象概括，答案是具体案例干扰项1.照抄原文，个别词不同，不同点往往就是错误2.一半符合原文，一半不符合原文3.张冠李戴，混合信息4.与原文叙述相反（肯定变否定，否定变肯定）5.是原文中没有出现的新信息6.绝对化的表述7.在转述中犯逻辑错误如何做题？首先，要根据“定为关键词”读题标记关键词，定位考点，明确题目的考察内容，要做到“有的放矢”。

哲学考研课程顾问话术技巧

哲学考研课程顾问话术技巧
第一：先了解客户的需求层次，然后询问具体要求
了解客户的需求层次以后，就可以掌握面子的大方向，把提出的问题缩小到某个范围之内，从而易于了解家长的具体需求。

如果家长的需求层次仅处于低级阶段，即“补差需求阶段”，那么他对课程的关心大多集中于经济性上。

当你了解以后，就可以重点从这方面提问，指出该课程如何满足客户的需求。

第二：提问应表述明确，避免使用含糊不清的问句
比如：“您愿意节省一点成本吗? ”这个问题就不够明确，只说节省成本，究竟节省什么样的成本、节省多少都没有加以说明，很难引起家长的注意和兴趣。

如果说:“您希望节约送孩子来参加辅导的出行成本吗?。

这样问就比较明确，容易接近家长的目的。

范畴越明确，效果越突出。

第三：提出的问题应尽量具体，一语道破
针对不同家长提出不同的问题，只有为每一位家长定制适合的问题，才能直接切中要害。

第四：提出的问题应突出重点、扣人心弦
必须设计适当的问题并诱使家长谈论既定的问题，从中获取有价值的信息，把他的注意力集中于他所希望解决的问题上，缩短成交距离。

1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。

注意事项：答题用中文，字迹要清晰，英文答题不得分。

复习要点：第一章：放射性核素和放射性衰变掌握基本概念。

第三章：放射性药物基本概念，放射性药物的质量控制。

第四章：放射性核素显像放射性核素显像原理，放射性核素显像的类型。

放射性核素显像的基本原理就是通过放射性核素显像仪（如SPECT）对选择性聚集在或流经特定脏器或病变的放射性核素或其标记物进行探测后以一定的方式成像，借以判断脏器或组织的形态、位置、大小及其功能变化。

其基本条件是用于示踪的放射性核素能够在靶组织或器官中与邻近组织之间形成放射性分布的差异。

用于显像的放射性核素或其标记物通称为显像剂（imaging agent），显像剂在机体内的生物学特性决定了显像的主要机制。

临床诊断的目的决定了显像的方式和种类。

类型：1、静态显像（static imaging）当显像剂在脏器内或病变处的浓度达到平衡，处于相对稳定状态时进行显像称为静态显像，这种方式主要用于观察脏器和病变的位置、形态、大小和放射性分布，反映脏器内或病变的功能状态。

优点是采集时间无明确限制，图像清晰，并可以通过一定的生理数学模型，定量研究脏器的局部功能和代谢的差异性。

2、动态显像（dynamic imaging）是显像剂在脏器或病变处的浓度随着脏器的功能状态而动态变化的过程，在数量上或位置上随时间而不断变化。

通过显像装置以一定的速度连续采集组织或脏器的这些变化影像，以系列化或以电影方式显示，动态反映上述各种变化过程的影像。

它可通过勾画感兴趣区的方法，获得局部放射性计数随时间的动态变化，并生成时间-放射性曲线。

第五章：体外分析技术放免分析法基本原理，免放分析法基本原理。

体外放射分析(in vitro radioassay)是指在体外实验条件下, 以放射性核素标记的配体(ligand)为示踪剂，以特异性结合反应为基础的微量生物活性物质检测技术。

它具有灵敏度高、特异性强、精密度和准确度高及应用广泛等特点，目前已成为基础医学、现代分子生物学、分子药理和临床医学研究的重要手段。

放免分析法基本原理放射免疫分析（RIA）的基础是放射性核素标记的抗原(radionuclide labeled antigen)和非标记抗原(unlabeled antigen)（标准抗原或被测抗原）同时与限量的特异性抗体(specific antibody)进行竞争性免疫结合反应(competitive immune binding reaction)，其竞争关系可用下式表示：Ag + Ab====== Ag-Ab + Ag+AgAg + *Ag-Ab式中：*Ag为标记抗原，Ag为非标记抗原，Ab为特异性抗体，*Ag-Ab为标记抗原抗体复合物，Ag-Ab 为非标记抗原抗体复合物。

由于*Ag与Ag的免疫活性完全相同，对Ab具有同样的亲和力，当*Ag和Ab 为恒定量，Ag和*Ag的总量大于Ab上的有效结合点时，*Ag-Ab的形成是随着Ag量的增加而减少，剩下来的未结合或游离的*Ag则随着Ag量的增加而增加，称为竞争结合反应(competitive binding reaction)，因此测定*Ag-Ab或*Ag即可推出被测的Ag量免放分析法基本原理将过量的标记抗体与抗原结合，分离结合的标记抗体与未结合的多余的标记抗体，测定复合物的放射性，其活度与待测抗原的量呈正相关。

Ag＋*Ab===== Ag-*Ab＋*Ab式中: Ag为抗原，*Ab为标记抗体，Ag-*Ab为抗原与标记抗体的复合物。

二、特点免疫放射分析法有以下特点：1．以标记抗体作为示踪剂2．反应动力学：因标记抗体是过量的，且反应是非竞争性的，抗原抗体是全量反应，故反应速度比RIA快。

3．灵敏度明显高于放射免疫分析，约为放射免疫分析的10～100倍。

4．标准曲线工作范围宽。

5．特异性高。

6．稳定性好。

第七章：脑显像脑灌注显像的原理，脑灌注显像剂的类别和特点，异常影像，临床应用。

第八章：内分泌系统甲状腺吸碘试验的原理、结果判定、临床意义；甲状腺静态显像的原理、影像分析、临床应用，甲状腺结节功能的判定；肾上腺髓质显像的原理、方法、影像分析。

第九章：心血管系统心血管核医学（cardiovascular nuclear medicine）作为核医学中的重要分支，已成为心血管疾病现代化诊疗与研究的一种灵敏、准确、无创的重要手段。

目前，心血管核医学不仅用于心血管疾病的诊断，更重要的是用于指导治疗、判断预后和评价疗效。

心肌灌注显像的原理心肌灌注显像的原理与方法正常心肌细胞可摄取某些正一价放射性阳离子，以这类物质为显像剂可使心肌显影，并且心肌聚集放射性多少与心肌血流灌注量正相关。

常用的显像剂：201Tl-氯化亚铊（201Tl-thallous chloride，201Tl）74～111 MBq （2～3 mCi）10～15 min后显像；99Tc m-甲氧基异丁基异腈（99Tc m-sestamibi，99Tc m-MIBI）740 MBq（20 mCi）1～1.5 h后。

常规用SPECT进行心肌断层采集。

图像经处理重建成短轴、水平长轴、垂直长轴断层影像. 显像剂、显像剂：99Tc m-RBC 740 MBq（20 mCi），静脉注射20 min后用γ-相机显像，常规采集前位（ANT）、左前斜位（LAO）和左侧位（LL）影像，每个体位采集500～700个心动周期。

可逆缺损区存在室壁运动和/或收缩期出现室壁增厚，表明该处心肌存活。

检查方案介入试验（Interventional test）包括运动负荷试验及药物负荷试验。

1．运动负荷试验正常冠状动脉具有较强的储备功能，运动负荷时心脏作功增加，正常冠状动脉自行扩张，使心肌氧的供需达到平衡，表现为心肌收缩力加强，心功能参数增加。

狭窄的冠脉在静息状态下或当病变较轻时尚能代偿扩张以维持心肌氧的供需平衡，心功能维持正常。

运动负荷时，心脏负荷增加，病变的冠脉不能有效扩张，其灌注区血流量明显低于正常区域，导致局部心肌氧的供需不匹配，收缩力和顺应性降低，造成整体心脏功能在运动负荷后不能增强，甚至反而降低，据此可检测冠状动脉的储备功能，从而达到早期诊断冠心病的目的。

次极量踏车运动法：静息状态下行LAO45°位门控采集，然后进行踏车运动，达到运动终点后即再行门控采集（采集过程中维持运动量不变），比较两次结果以判断心功能状态。

2．药物负荷试验常用的药物为潘生丁，它是一种冠状动脉扩张剂，静脉注射后，正常冠状动脉扩张后血流量增加，而狭窄的冠状动脉则不能有效扩张，从而造成类似运动负荷试验的情况，亦可用于冠心病的诊断。

异常图像分析、1．室壁运动和收缩径线显示心动电影显示可以直观室壁运动，多体位观察才能清楚显示室壁各节段运动情况。

正常室壁运动的特点是各个节段协调均匀地向心收缩和向外舒张2．心室容积曲线分析及心室功能测定计算左右心室功能必须采用左右心室最佳分隔的LAO45°位影像，用计算机ROI技术可生成左心室心动周期的时间-放射性曲线，即心室容积曲线（ventricular volume curve）临床应用；冠心病的诊断1．心肌缺血的诊断为本检查主要适应证。

缺血区的典型表现是可逆性减淡缺损区。

本法能直观缺血的部位、范围及严重程度，也能提示冠状动脉病变的部位。

2．心肌梗死的诊断根据不可逆性减淡缺损的影像表现可诊断心肌梗死，并可显示梗死的部位及体积，提示冠状动脉狭窄的部位。

（四）冠状动脉血运重建手术适应证的筛选及疗效观察（五）急性心肌梗死溶栓或PTCA疗效的判断心肌代谢显像（葡萄糖代谢显像）的原理、心肌细胞可根据血浆中底物浓度不同而利用不同的能源物质。

空腹时，游离脂肪酸成为心肌的主要能量底物。

而进餐后，正常心肌细胞则主要利用葡萄糖。

另外，葡萄糖是缺血心肌的唯一能源。

心肌细胞发生坏死后，心肌的所有代谢活动均停止。

18F-FDG与葡萄糖一样能被己糖激酶催化，变成18F-FDG-6-磷酸（P），由于18F-FDG-6-P不是糖酵解的底物，不参与进一步代谢，而以18F-FDG-6-P 的形式滞留在心肌细胞内。

显像剂：18F-FDG 111～370 MBq（3～10 mCi），静脉注射后1 h进行正电子显像。

判断存活心肌条采用葡萄糖负荷法：禁食状态下口服葡萄糖50 g，1 h后静脉注射18F-FDG。

判断心肌缺血则直接于禁食状态静脉注射18F-FDG。

临床意义；（一）存活心肌的检测为本检查最主要的临床应用，是判断存活心肌的最可靠方法。

凡血流灌注减低的心肌节段，摄取18F-FDG正常，或相对增加，为血流、代谢不匹配，表明心肌存活反之，血流灌注减低的心肌节段不摄取18F-FDG为血流-代谢匹配，表明为梗死或瘢痕。

二）诊断心肌缺血一般在空腹条件下进行，禁食状态缺血心肌18F-FDG摄取量有所增加，与正常心肌聚集量减低形成对比，成为“热区”，据此可诊断心肌缺血心肌细胞活性的判定；课题组对缺血性心脏病的心肌灌注成像的信号强度变化与冠状动脉造影表现的对照研究，采用了MR心肌灌注成像技术对缺血性心脏病的心肌缺血程度和心肌细胞活性的判定是医学影像研究的重要内容，通过MR心肌灌注成像的心脏负荷试验。

建议到权威医院检查，要排除冠心病引起心绞痛的情况简单是安全的方法就是64排CT专业的心脏检查。

能够清晰的看到冠状动脉。

必要时再考虑是冠脉造影，因为是创伤性的检查目前考虑的只是手术前的检查为多。

希望能帮到你。

第十章：胃肠道胃肠道出血显像和异位胃粘膜显像的原理、: 静脉注射99mTc标记的红细胞后，胃肠壁的含血量较低，相互重叠后的放射性也仅及大血管的50%左右，基本不显影；若肠壁有出血灶99mTc标记的红细胞将从血管破裂处逸出，形成异常的放射性聚集影像。

异位胃粘膜与正常胃粘膜一样能分泌胃酸及胃蛋白酶，导致邻近粘膜溃疡和出血，也能从血液中摄取99Tc m O4-而显影，称为异位胃粘膜显像（ectopic gastromucosa imaging）。

受检者禁食8 h以上，静脉注射99Tc m O4-后a以5min/帧的速度动态显像60 min。

显像前15 min 静脉注射五肽胃泌素以增加异位胃粘膜对99Tc m O4-的摄取，可提高检出率显像剂:胃显影良好而肠不显影，肾影略现，膀胱影渐浓，胸腹部无固定的局限性放射性浓聚临床应用:异位胃粘膜常见于梅克尔憩室、肠重复畸形和Barrett食管。

异位胃粘膜显像对异位胃粘膜阳性率可达80%～85%。

异位胃粘膜的影像特点为：在胃显影的同时，食管或肠区出现位置固定的放射性异常浓聚影像第十一章：肝胆显像肝胆动态显像的正常和异常影像分析:某些肿瘤阳性显像剂在肿瘤中的聚集缺乏肿瘤组织学特异性，因此称为肿瘤非特异性显像。