高三二轮复习阅读理解之二主旨大意(学案)
高考英语二轮复习—阅读理解主旨大意题解题技巧.
细节理解
猜测词义
阅读题型
推理判断 主旨大意
观点态度
篇章结构
细节理解
篇章结构
词义猜测
解题技巧
观点态度
推理判断
主旨大意
主旨大意题
考察要点：
这类试题主要考查学生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力，也 包括分析归纳文章的段落大意、重要情节、人物特征、环境特点 的能力。这种试题要求考生能把握文章的总体，并真正理解主题 和中心句；要求能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思 维的方法，难度较大，属于高层次题。
3. What is mainly discussed in paragraph… ?
4. Paragraph 5/… mainly talks about ___
提出主题, 随之用细节来解释, 支撑或发展主题句 段首 所表达的主题思想. 最常见的演绎法写作方式。
主 题 句 的 呈 现
在表述细节后, 归纳要点, 印象, 结论建议或结果, 以概括主题. 这是英语中最常见的归纳法写作方 段尾 式。 通常前面只提出问题， 文中的主题由随之陈述 段中 的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出, 而后又作 进一步的解释, 支撑或发展。 即主题句隐含在全段中, 没有明确的主题句. 必须根 无主 据文篇中所提供的事实细节，进行全面考虑，综合 题句 分析，归纳成一般概念。必须注意的是，既不能以 偏概全，也不能在概括时过于宽泛，要恰如其分。
版2020高考语文二轮复习专题一文言文阅读训练二分析概括文意教案
训练二分析概括文意练前提醒(1)把本题的选项作为阅读的起点，带着选项的信息，对照着阅读有关文段、文句。
(2)先读选项再对文(将选项放入文中核对)，按序阅读，逐项比对。
(3)四项中有一项错误，即便该项有错误，也只是极细小的点，一定要细心。
2.主观题(1)认真读题干。
明白题干所问，明确对象、事件，分析回答要求。
(2)认真读原文。
确定阅读区域，按对象或时空变化切分语段小层次。
立足“什么人什么时候做什么”寻找相关语句，即筛选有效信息，明确事件或现象及体现的人物形象特点；立足“在什么情况下发生事件或出现现象”寻找相关语句，即筛选有效信息，明确事件或现象发生的背景或原因。
(3)概括内容要点。
在理解相关语句意思的基础上，概括相关语段(层次)的要点。
可以从三个方面考虑：①抓住小层次表达的对象、事件、现象来概括。
②抓住作者的议论句、抒情句，明确一层或一段的中心句。
③注意层次间的关系。
若是“联合关系”，则需将“要点”累加整合；若是“偏正关系”，则以其“正”为主概括要点。
一、选择题(一)阅读下面的文言文，完成文后题目。
刘馥字元颖，沛国相人也。
建安初，说袁术将戚寄、秦翊，使率众与俱诣太祖。
太祖悦之，司徒辟为掾。
后孙策所置庐江太守李述攻杀扬州刺史严象，庐江梅乾、雷绪等聚众数万在江、淮间，郡县残破。
太祖方有袁绍之难，谓馥可任以东南之事，遂表为扬州刺史。
馥既受命，单马造合肥，建立州治，南怀乾、绪。
数年中恩化大行，百姓乐其政，流民越江山而归者以万数。
于是聚诸生，立学校，广屯田；兴治茹陂及吴塘，以溉稻田，官民有蓄，陂塘之利，至今为用；又高为城垒，多积木石，为战守备。
建安十三年卒，扬州士民追思之。
馥子靖，黄初中，出为河南尹。
为政初虽如碎密，终于百姓便之，有馥遗风。
后迁镇北将军都督河北诸军事，遂开拓边守，屯据险要；又修广戾陵渠大堰，水溉灌蓟南北；三更种稻，边民利之。
嘉平六年卒。
靖子弘，累迁宁朔将军。
太安中，张昌作乱，以弘为镇南将军都督荆州诸军事。
+阅读理解之主旨大意学案+2023届高考英语二轮专题
专题1 阅读理解之主旨大意题主旨大意题考查的是考生对文章内容的深层次理解，它要求考生在充分理解全文的前提下，对整篇文章的主旨大意有一个较为清晰的印象。
主旨大意题分为标题类和主题类。
主旨大意题是阅读理解中考生失分最多的题目，因为该类试题不仅考查考生略读文章、领会大意的能力，也对考生的归纳、概括能力提出了较高的要求。
文章中没有明显的解题依据，需要考生从文章中提炼、抽取一些关键词、主干句进行加工概括，才能归纳出文章的主旨。
此类题目可分为三大类，即段落大意题、文章大意题和标题归纳题。
类型一段落大意题一、常见设问方式·What does the author tell us in Paragraph ...?·The main idea of the second paragraph probably is ________.·The first paragraph is mainly about ________.·Which of the following can best summarize Para.1?·What is the first paragraph mainly about?二、解题必备知能归纳段落大意的2种方法方法1：概括段落大意要准确概括某段的大意，务必要知道该段的逻辑结构。
(1)如果该段是按总分顺序组织，首句做总的说明，其他句子对其进行具体论述，这种结构的主题句就在段首；(2)如果按分总顺序组织，主题句就在段尾；(3)如果按分总分的顺序组织，则主题句就在这段话的中间；(4)如果按总分总的顺序，段落结构相对难度较低，我们可以很明显的看到一段的首句和末句的内容几乎完全一致，正确答案就呼之欲出了；(5)如果按并列式行文，这种结构的段落一般会在一段中讨论两个平行的内容，整个段落可以从中间处分开，前后是平行关系，这样的段落结构对应的答案通常也会是很明显的并列关系；(6)如果对比各事物，那么它们的共同点或不同点就是该段大意。
2023届高考英语二轮复习阅读理解主旨大意题解题技巧课件
As they were leaving, he offered to ride the girl home. She said, “Yes, please! But can you take me to my mother?” “To your mother?” the man was a little puzzled but didn’t say anything. She directed him to a cemetery(公墓), where she placed the rose on a freshly dug grave (新坟).
What is the story mainly about?
主旨大意
考查学生对一篇文章或一段文字的深层理 解程度及在速读中准确把握文章主旨大意 的能力以及辨别主要信息和次要信息的能 力。
干扰项
1. 以偏概全 2. 概括过度idea of the passage is … • The passage is mainly about … • What is the passage mainly about? • Which of the following statements best expresses the main
无明显主题句 高频词 文章中心要素--全面
解题方法
3) 目的类
主旨推 断法
文体推 断法
解题方法
3) 目的类 文体推断法
1.记叙文 ---- tell a story or lessen; entertain readers; share an experience;show sth
2. 说明文 、 新闻 ---- inform; introduce 3. 议论文 ---- argue; persuade; 4. 应用文 ---- provide some information
阅读理解专项——主旨大意题课件-2023届高三英语二轮复习
plastic products. 主题句 概括了本文的主要内容
故选D. Ocean Plastics Transformed into Sculptures 海洋塑料转化为雕塑
At the beginning of the year, the artist built a piece called “Strawpocalypse,”…
3. 段落主旨类试题常见的题干形式
(1) The main idea of the second paragraph probably is that . (2) What is the last paragraph chiefly concerned with? (3) Which of the following can best summarize Paragraph one? (4) What’s the main idea discussed in the first paragraph?
可知，独自用餐正慢慢成为一种趋势。
That freedom to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone. There was a time when people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one, but those days are over. Now, we have our smartphones to keep us company at the table. “It doesn’t feel as alone as it may have before all the advances in technology,” said Laurie Demeritt, whose company provided the statistics for the
阅读理解(2)主旨大意
主旨大意题学案I.教学内容：主旨大意题解题方法II.教学目标：通过这堂课，学生能分析文章篇章结构、归纳文章要点、概括中心思想Part 1 自主探究I.命题规律：近五年四川卷主旨大意题量统计：2010年2个，2011年2个，2012年3个，2013年0个，2014年4个。
因此，对于主旨大意题的考查数量趋于平衡，几乎每年都有1-2题，但解题使需要对文章的主旨大意进行综合、归纳和推断，这一点在未来的高考中也不会改的。
II.知识清单：主旨大意题主要考查学生能否分辨主题和细节、是否具备提纲挈领的能力即是否能在理解全文的基础上运用概括、推断、归纳、推理等逻辑方法对文章进行高度概括和总结。
1.主旨大意题常见的设问方式：（1）Which of the following can be the best title/topic/headline of this passage?(2) The passage is mainly about _________________.(3) From the passage we can learn/conclude that _____________________.(4) What can we learn from paragraph 3 /paragraph 2/last two paragraphs?(5)The main idea\key point of this passage is that _______________.(6). What is the purpose of the passage?(7)Which of the following best states the theme of the passage?2.寻找主题句（1）根据转折连词或部分标志性词句来总结文章主题（如but，yet，however ，on the whole, as a result, in short, therefore, thus, I agree with the opinionthat….;Given all these points above, I would support the idea that….; For all the reasons mentioned above, I would prefer…（2）主题句定位法：①正三角形写作法(△)即主题句在文首。
高考英语二轮复习阅读理解中主旨大意--段落大意题考查解读
2020届二轮复习阅读理解中主旨大意--段落大意题考查解读段落大意类题型多在说明文和议论文中进行考查，这类文章涉及多种话题如社会文化类、科普说明类等。
设问形式常有：(1)What does the last paragraph talk about?(2)The main idea of the second paragraph probably is .(3)What is the main idea of the first paragraph?(4)The first paragraph is mainly about .二、解题技巧——“首尾兼顾”知段意首尾兼顾知段意↓(1)段首：说明文和议论文中的主题句常在段首句↓(2)段尾：先表述细节，后归纳概括，段落中心在段尾↓关键点：抓住段落的主题句↓(3)段中间：先用一句或几句话引出要表达的主题，再陈述主题，再论述细节，即引出主题→段落中心→再论述↓(4)没有明显段落中心时，需概括段落内容，总结段落中心【真题感悟】中第60题，根据文章最后一段第一句“Meanwhile，例如：things that you might expect to discourage spending—‘bad’tables，crowding，high prices—don’t necessarily.”可知，你认为可能会影响人们消费的因素如：不好的桌子、拥挤以及高价等不一定会影响人们的消费，然后依次举例进行了证明，所以本段主要讲的是人们对于饭店的几个误解，故选D。
AMost of us have lost our wallet at some stage in our lives.But few would imagine having it returned after a nearly seven-decade gap.Edward Parker dropped his wallet in 1950 into an inaccessible spot behind a bookshelf，while working as an electrician，repairing World War Two bomb damage in the palace.The wallet stayed there until this year when a builder，doing some 1restoration work，finally found it.The wallet is a time capsule.Its leather and webbing has long ago started to disintegrate.But it contains numerous pictures of family，invoices(发票)，receipts，old union cards，results of a chest X-ray (sent to him in 1948，the same year as the NHS was founded)，a national service card dated 9 December 1944 and a medical insurance card.His business cards—E Parker，Electrical Contractor—seem almost original.Reflecting the typical methods of contact of the time，they have an address but no telephone number.A month ago I was speaking to a 8press officer at Lambeth Palace and he mentioned that the wallet had just been handedin.We thought it might be nice to try and work out whose it was and give it back to the family.Edward Parker is a pretty common name，but his medical card contained two places of residence—Poets Road and Springdale Road in north London.From this，Islington Council were able to find details of a marriage between Edward Parker and Constance Butler in 1947.That information was enough to work out that he was still alive and in a care home in Essex，so I went to visit him.Now 89，Edward has dementia(痴呆)，but he was clearly happy to get the wallet and in particular，the photographs back.He pointed out pictures of his mother and father，his brother，his cousins and his wife Constance，who was with him when I visited.“He hadn’t seen a picture of his father s ince he lost the wallet，” Constance,90，says.1．We can possibly infer that Edward Parker . A．once worked as an electrical technician B．always lost his walletC．once participated in World War ⅡD．once worked as a restoration builder答案 A解析推理判断题。
超实用高考英语复习：高考二轮复习阅读理解专题之主旨大意课件
应用文
32.段落主旨
说明文
31.文章主旨
记叙文
15.文章标题
议论文
35.文章标题
说明文
全国乙（II）
阅读专题二 主旨大意
主旨大意主旨大意题，主要考查考生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力。
通常以概括中心大意、选择标题以及判断作者写作意图等形式出现，此类题属于能力型题目。
一、标题归纳类主旨大意题考生在做标题归纳类试题时要注意标题的三个特性，即醒目性、概括性和针对性。
解题时要抓住文章的首尾段和每一段的首尾句，要注意贯穿文章始终的关键词。
其主要设题形式有：What is the best title for this passage? The suitable headline of the passage may be_______.方法突破：不同文章体裁，主旨大意位置也不一样。
通常新闻类文章第1段最关键，抓住关键词（what/when/how）即可；而记叙文则需要关注最后一段的点晴之处。
总之，标题归纳类主旨大意题考查考生对文章的领悟和概括能力。
所选文章题目必须能概括全文；标题要体现主题，既不能“太大”，也不能过于片面，即标题所指的范围要恰当；标题准确性要强，表意准确，与文章的感情色彩相同。
总之，考生应认真揣摩作者的写作意图，弄清文章的篇章结构，避免以下三种错误：概括不够（多表现为部分代替整体）；过度概括（多表现为人为扩大范围）；以事实或细节代替抽象概念的主旨大意。
（2015·天津C）One day when I was 12, my mother gave me an order; I was to walk to the public library, and borrow at least one book for the summer. This was one more weapon for her to defeat my strange problem —inability to read.In the library, I found my way into the “Children’s Room.”I sat down on the floor and pulled a few books off the shelf at random. The cover of a book caught my eye. It presented a picture of a beagle. I had recently had a beagle, the first and only animal companion I ever had as a child. He was my secret sharer, but one morning, he was gone, given away to someone who had the space and the money to care for him. I never forgot my beagle.There on the book’s cover was a beagle which looked identical (相同的) to my dog. I ran my fingers over the picture of the dog on the cover. My eyes ran across the title, Amos, the Beagle with a Plan. Unknowingly, I had read the title. Without opening the book, I borrowed it from the library for the summer.Under the shade of a bush, I started to read about Amos. I read very, very slowly with difficulty. Though pages were turned slowly, I got the main idea of the story about a dog who, like mine, had been separated from his family and who finally found his way back home. That dog was my dog, and I was the little boy in the book. At the end of the story, my mind continued the final scene of reunion, on and on ,until my own lost dog and I were, in my mind, running together.My mother’s call returned me to the real world. I suddenly realized something: I had read a book, and I had loved reading that book. Everyone knew I could not read. But I had read it. Books could be incredibly wonderful and I was going to read them.I never told my mother about my “miraculous”(奇迹般的)experience that summer, but she saw a slowbut remarkable improvement in my classroom performance during the next year. And years later, she was proud that her son had read thousands of books, was awarded a PhD in literature, and authored his own books, articles, poetry and fiction. The power of the words has held.50.Which one could be the best title of the passage?A.The Charm of a BookB.Mum’s Strict OrderC.Reunion with My BeagleD.My Passion for Reading二、文章大意类主旨大意题一篇文章总是有中心思想的，获取文章中心思想的方法就是找主题句。
高三英语二轮复习课件：阅读理解之主旨大意复习
段落/文章大意
题干中含有main idea; mainly about 如：What is the first/second paragraph mainly about? What is the main idea of the text? What is the text mainly about?
Step 1 定位段落主题句
总分式总分总式
分总式
分总分式
段落首句为主题句，段落其他各句是举例或论证
段尾是主题句，段落开头是举例子或者层层推进
主题句在中间引出话题→论述主题→解释
a. 段落有主题句
Step 2
比较各选项
Topic The specific information about the topic
CONTENTS
03
Strategies
Type 1段落大意Type 2文章大意
Type 3文章标题
Type 4写作意图
(2019全国I卷）During the rosy years of elementary school (小学), I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status…Popularity is a well-explored subject in social psychology. Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories: the likable and the status seekers. The likables’ plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work. Then there’s the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence: status born of power and even dishonorable behavior.
高考英语二轮复习专题三阅读理解第二讲主旨意题习
第二讲│ 主旨大意题一、题型解读主旨大意题是高考英语阅读理解中常考的题型之一，主要考查考生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力。
通常以概括文章或段落大意以及选择标题等形式出现。
主旨大意题是阅读理解题中的高难度题，能够拉开考生的分数差距，所以此类题目在高考试题中具有很好的选拔作用，属于能力型题目。
主旨大意题一般分为三类：二、设问方式解答主旨大意题时要抓住文章的首尾段和每一段的首尾句，要注意贯穿文章始终的词语。
1.标题归纳类主旨大意题的主要设题形式·What is the best title for this passage?·Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?·The title that best expresses the idea of the passage is ________.·The most suitable title of this passage is ________.·What w ould be the most suitable title for the text?·The suitable title of the passage may be ________.2.文章大意类主旨大意题的主要设题形式·What is the main idea of the passage?·The passage is mainly about ________.·Which of the following can best summarize the passage?·Wha t is the subject discussed in the passage?·What does the passage mainly deal with?3.段落大意类主旨大意题的主要设题形式·The main idea of the second paragraph is probably that ________.·What is the last paragraph chiefly concerned with?·What does the writer try to expre ss in Paragraph 3?·Which of the following can best summarize Paragraph 1?·What is the main idea discussed in Paragraph 2?三、选项特征1.主旨大意题正确选项的特征(1)涵盖性强，覆盖全文或全段。
高考英语二轮复习 第二部分 题型突破 专题二 阅读理解 第四讲 主旨大意题课件
段落大意题 段落大意是指一篇文章各个段落的主要意思，是对一个段落的 基本内容的简缩和初步的概括。概括段落大意时，一定要在把 握全段或全文中心的基础上进行，做到围绕中心，注意连贯， 同时，还要注意段落大意是否与全篇相称。段落大意要用明确、 完整、简洁的语句表达。其主要设题形式有：
The main idea of the second paragraph is probably thaபைடு நூலகம் ________． What is the last paragraph chiefly concerned with? What does the writer try to express in Paragraph 3? Which of the following can best summarize Paragraph 1? What is the main idea discussed in Paragraph 2?
文章大意题 文章的主旨是通过段落来表达的，而段落的大意主要由主题句 来体现，所以段落的主题句是构成文章中心思想的有机组成部 分。因此，识别各段落的主题句并由此归纳出文章的中心思想 是解答该类题的关键。快速阅读文章找出各个段落的主题句， 把各个段落的主题句联系起来并着眼全文结构安排，就能概括 出文章的中心。其主要设题形式有：
专题二 阅读理解
(2)断章取义。干扰项常常以文章中的个别信息或个别字眼 作为选项的内容，或者以次要的事实或细节冒充全文 的 主 要观点。(3)主题扩大。干扰项所归纳、概括的范围过大,超 过文章实际所讨论的内容，也就是无关信息(文章中未提到 或找不到根据的信息)。 注意：因为考生需要读完全文才能把握文章主题，所以在 解答此类题时，考生不要急于去找答案，不论它出现在什 么位置都永远把主旨大意题作为最后一道题来做。在做完 另外几道题后,无疑会有助于考生加深对整个文章的理解。
2024届高考语文二轮复习2-2-2散文阅读学案
2024届高考语文二轮复习2-2-2散文阅读学案专题二散文阅读阅读散文，不仅要知道作者所写的人、事、景、物，而且要通过这些所写的人、事、景、物，触摸作者的内心、心境、心灵、心怀，以及情思，体味作者对社会、人生的思考和感悟。
因为散文的关键点不在于所记叙、描写的客体，而在所记叙、描写中灌注的作者的思想、感悟。
考场阅读与平时阅读有所不同，一般分为两步：第一步是整体阅读，第二步是带题阅读。
第一步的整体阅读至关重要，直接影响下一步带题阅读乃至准确答题的成败。
整体阅读的要求在于：快速阅读、整体把握。
考场散文阅读是一种快速的精阅读，区别于平时的浏览或慢品。
它要求用10 分钟左右的时间把一篇千余字的文章读两遍。
这是考生必须练就的本领，只有平时有意识地训练快速阅读，方能在考场上方寸不乱，成竹在胸。
快速阅读要善于抓标题、开头、结尾及意蕴深刻处，同时圈点勾画出自认为重要的段落和语句。
第一节考题回顾练——二轮复习，定向为要[2023·新课标Ⅰ卷]阅读下面的文字，完成6～9题。
给儿子陈村你总会长大的，儿子，你总会进入大学，把童年撇得远远的。
你会和时髦青年一样，热衷于旅游。
等到暑假，你的第一个暑假，儿子，你就去买票。
火车430公里，一直坐到芜湖。
你背着包爬上江堤，看看长江。
再没有比长江更亲切的河了。
它宽，它长，它黄得恰如其分，不失尊严地走向东海。
你走下江堤，花一毛钱去打票，坐上渡船。
船上无疑会有许多人。
他们挑着担子，扛着被子，或许还有板车。
他们说话的声音很高，看人从来都是正视。
也许会有人和你搭话，你就老老实实说话。
他们没有坏意。
你从跳板走上岸，顺着被鞋底和脚板踩硬踩白的大路，走半个小时。
你能看到村子了。
狗总是最先跳出来的。
你可以在任何一家的门口坐下，要口水喝。
主人总是热情的，而狗却时刻警惕着。
也许会引来它的朋友们，纷纷表示出对你的兴趣。
你要沉住气。
你谢过主人，再别理狗的讹诈，去河边寻找滩船。
如果你运气好，船上只有一两个客，你就能躺在舱里，将头枕着船帮，河水拍击船底的声音顿时变得很重。
高考英语二轮复习 专题一 阅读理解 第二部分 第三讲 理解主旨要义——主旨大意题教案-人教版高三全册
第三讲理解主旨要义——主旨大意题主旨大意题是阅读理解中难度较大的一类题目，是拉开分数差距的一个重要考查点。
因为该类试题不仅考查考生略读文章、领会大意的能力，也对考生的归纳、概括能力提出了较高的要求。
文章中没有明显的解题依据，需要考生从文章中提炼、抽取一些关键词、主干句进行加工概括，才能归纳出文章的主旨。
此类题目可分为三大类：标题归纳题、文章大意题和段落大意题。
高考全国卷主旨大意题题量统计考纲解读年份卷别2019 2018 2017(1)主旨大意题考查的是考生对文章内容的深层次理解，它要求考生在充分理解全文的前提下，对整篇文章的主旨大意有一个较为清晰的印象。
(2)它既考查细节理解能力，又考查深层次的推理、概括能力，难度较大。
(3)有时从文章的第一个段落，甚至第一个句子即可得出文章的主旨要义；有时，文章的主旨要义那么需从文章的字里行间进行推断。
全国卷Ⅰ2(段落大意、最正确标题) 2(最正确标题、文章大意)1(最正确标题)全国卷Ⅱ2(文章大意、最正确标题) 2(文章大意、最正确标题)2(段落大意、最正确标题)全国卷Ⅲ1(最正确标题) 2 (文章大意、最正确标题)2(文章大意、最正确标题)[考查特点]Ⅰ.把握主旨大意题常见的命题方式：(1)What would be the best title for the text？/What is the topic of the text?(2)The main idea/The general idea/The main theme of this passage is ________．(3)The last paragraph ends the passage with an emphasis on ________．(4)What is mainly discussed in the text?(5)What’s the main point the writer is trying to make in the last paragraph?(6)Which of the following statements is best supported by the text?(7)The passage mainly focuses on ________．Ⅱ.掌握主旨大意题的考查角度：(1)标题类，要求考生选出文章的最正确标题。
高三英语二轮复习：阅读理解主旨大意解题策略(共37张PPT)
1. 了解教学背景：高考阅读题分析； 2. 主旨题型分类：1）主旨型；
2）写作目的型； 3）标题型； 3. 通过做练习，了解各种解题技巧； 4. 在做阅读练习题中能灵活运用各技巧。
这几年高考中所有的试题都是在语篇中考查，听力， 阅读，完型填空，任务型，写作，无一例外全都突 出语篇的重要性，所以在备考中必须高度重视语篇 能力．
命题选项特征
正确选项 错误选项
如何辨别正确和错误选项
抽象概括 含义深刻
以偏概全 无中生有
内容全面 贴切准确
主题扩大 张冠李戴
范例1
The meaning of science varies among cultural groups. Silence may be thoughtful, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, uneasiness, or worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fபைடு நூலகம்ll every gap with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person’s needs.
主题句前面会出现however, but, in fact, actually等单词或短语。
高考英语二轮考点复习讲义阅读理解主旨大意题解题指导.doc
2013高考英语二轮考点复习讲义：阅读理解主旨大意题解题指导庖丁解牛］在高考阅读理解中，主题大意题的考查占有十分重要的位苴。
掌握所读材料的主旨和大意也杲《英语课程标准》和《考试说明》对若生的基本要求之一。
只有通过阅读拿握了文章的主题，才能正确理解文章，进而根据文章的事实细节推测作者的态度和观点。
主旨大意题旨在考杳考生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力，亦即考杳考生的归纳概括能力。
这类试题包括要求若生选出短文的标题［title headlixj、短文或段落的主题fsubiect）、中心思想（main idea〕等。
它要求考生在理解全文的基础上能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维的方法，对文章进行高度的概括或总结，属于高层次题。
例1 （2012全国卷I）Honeyfrom the African forest is not only a kind of na?.iral sugar： k is also dejcious. Most people, and many animals, like eating it However： the only way for them to get that honey is to find a wild bees* nest（M）aiid take the honey from it Often, these nests ai e high up in trees： and it is difficult to find them. In parts of Africa, though, people and animals unexpected helper — a little bird called a honey guide.The honey guide does not actually 1 ike honey, but it does 1 ike the wax（蜂蜡）in the beehives （蜂房）.The little bird cannot reach this max, which is deep inside the bee' s nest・ So, when it finds a suitable nest, it looks for someone to help it. The honey guide gives a loud cry that attracts the attcntion of both passing animals and people. Once it has their 3ttenlion, it flies through the forest, waiting from time to time for the curious animal or person ad it leads them to the nest. When they final ly arrive at the nest, the follower reaches in to get at the delicious honey as the bird patiently waits and watches・ Some of the honey, and the wax, always falls to the ground, and this is when the honey guide takes its share.Scientists do not know why the honey guide likes eating the wax, but it is very determined in its efforts to get it. The birds seem to be able to smell wax from a long distanee away. They will quickly arrive whenever a beekeeper is taking honey from his beehives, and will even enter churches when beeswax candles are being lit. 59. What can be the best title for the text?A.Wild BeesB.Wax and HoneyC.Beekeeping in Africa D・ Honey-LoveF s Helper［点拨］D短文谈的是可以帮助寻蜜者寻找蜂蜜的鸟类，最佳标题M该是D选项。
高中英语 高三二轮复习寻找主题句 巧解主旨大意题
2021届高三第二轮复习----高考阅读理解解题技巧寻找主题句，巧解主旨大意题主旨大意题是高考阅读理解必考的题型之一，也是考生难以把握的题型。
快速准确把握文章的主旨大意是考生必须掌握的重要的阅读理解技能。
主旨大意题主要包含三种类型：主要内容（main idea）型、文章标题（title）型和写作意图（purpose）型。
文章的主要内容较为详细地陈述文章的中心思想或作者的主要观点。
文章的标题简洁明了，简明扼要地概括文章的大意和话题，而且新颖有趣，能吸引读者的眼球。
写作意图实际上也是考查考生对文章的主要内容的理解，确定写作意图应该以文章的主旨大意为依据，有时写作意图题会考查考生对文章的体裁的理解。
若要破解这三类主旨大意题，则快速准确地找出段落或文章的主题句是关键。
一、主旨大意题的设题方式1.主要内容型(1)What’s the text mainly about?(2)What does the text mainly discuss?(3)What does this text mainly talk about?(4)What is mainly discussed in Paragraph 2?(5)The text is mainly about ______.2.文章标题型(1)What would be the best title for the text?(2)Which of the following is the best title for the passage?(3)The best title for the text would be _______.3.写作意图型(1)The main purpose of the text is to ________.(2)What’s the purpose of the text?(3)The text is most probably a _______.二、寻找段落主题句，把握段落主旨大意在一个段落中，表达作者主要观点的句子就是主题句。
阅读理解之主旨大意题课件高考英语二轮专题
主题句的位置：主题句通常在文首、文末 或首尾呼应，有时也在文中，或没有主题句， 需根据文章所述内容进行归纳。各段的主题句 也常在该段的首句或尾句。议论文和说明文一 般有主题句，但记叙文通常没有主题句，需要 归纳。
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2) 找主题句的方法：用浏览法(skimming), 即快 速阅读文首、文尾，或每段的首句和尾句等， 搜索主题线索和主题信息。找主题句的四个 小窍门：
(1) 段落中出现表转折的词语(如however, but, in fact, actually等)时，该句很可能是主题 句。
(2) 首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答很可 能就是文章主旨。
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(3) 作者有意识地反复重复的观点，通常是主旨； 反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关 键词。
(4)表示总结或结论的话常有therefore, thus, in short, conclude, conclusion等。
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70. What could be the most suitable title for the passage? A. The Possible and the Impossible B. The Known and the Unknown C. The Civilized and the Uncivilized D. The Ignorant and the Intelligent
阅读理解主旨大意二轮
考查角度3主旨大意题主旨大意题是高考阅读理解中常考的题型之一主要考查考生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力。
通常以概括中心大意、概括段落大意、选择标题以及判断作者写作意图等形式出现。
主旨大意题是阅读理解题中的高难度题,能够拉开考生的分数差距,所以将此类题设为高考试题具有很好的选拔作用。
研究近几年课标地区的高考阅读理解题可以发现,主旨大意题几乎年年都有,而且在大部分地区的阅读理解题中会有1~3道考查此类题。
1.主旨大意题正确选项特征(1)涵盖性强,覆盖全文或全段(2)确定的范围恰当，既不太大，也不太小(3)精确性强,不会改变语言表意的程度及色彩2.主旨大意题干扰选项特征(1)过于笼统,不知所云。
所给选项内容概括的范围过大,超出文章所述内容。
(2)以偏概全,主次不分。
所给选项只阐述了文章的一部分内容,或以文章中的细节信息或个别词作为选项的设置内容,或以次要的事实或细节充当全文的主要观点。
(3)移花接木,偷换概念。
所给选项被命题者有意识地把本属于A的内容放在B上,若不留神,极易选错答案(4)无中生有,生搬硬套。
所给选项的关键词虽然在文章中谈到了,但经过仔细阅读分析之后,发现选项的内容与文章的内容毫无联系3.主旨大意题解题思路(1)标题归纳题标题具有醒目性、概括性和针对性的特点。
醒目是为了吸引读者的注意力,唤起读者阅读文章的兴趣;概括性,就是指标题要覆盖文章的主要内容,体现文章的主题;针对性是标题要直接指向文章的主要特点。
标题归纳题与中心大意题具有共同之处,当文章主旨是一个短语或一句简洁的话时,我们可把它看作标题;但是文章主旨往往是作者写作目的或写作内容的归纳,一般不作为文章标题。
解答标题归纳题掌握以下三种方法：①正面肯定法:在理解文章主旨的基础上,揣摩哪个选项能准确概括主旨;②反面否定法:撒开原文,拿各个备选项去设想用它们写出来的“文章”将是什么内容,然后和原文对照,一一排除不符选项。
③研读备选项本身:研读备选项里面的中心词、修饰词的变化、结构、概括性等。
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阅读专题二——主旨大意（学案）一、常见命题方式：(1)The subject/topic of the article is ……(2)Which of the following best expresses the main idea of the passage?(3)What does the passage/author mainly discuss?(4)What’s the main point/main idea/central thought of the passage?(5)Which of the following is the best title of the passage?二、方法点拨(一)段落大意类任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，许多文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。
抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。
段落中心思想常常由主题句( Topic sentence)来表达。
一个段落的主题句常常出现在段首或段尾处, 有时也在段落中间。
【经典例题】1. Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health. Experiments show that cigarette smoking can cause cancer. Besides the most serious and terrible disease(illness), cancer, cigarette smoking also can cause other health problems. For example, it can give one a “smoker’s cough”. Finally, studies have shown it is easy for cigarette smokers to catch colds. Whether you get an unimportant cold or terrible killer, cancer, smoking is harmful. Is it worth it?Q：What is the main idea ?A. cigarette smoking can cause cancerB. smoking can cause the most serious and terrible diseaseC. smoking also can cause other health problemsD. smoking is harmful.【解析】D 此题属于开门见山类型，开篇就点明主旨，然后用细节支撑主题句。
2. Before learning how to use words to express their feelings, babies could only use their cry. They may cry for the simple reason that they are hungry, thirty, or not comfortable. Once more thing you should not forget is that they may cry just to attract your attention. All in all, as a young mother, you should learn more about their different cry, otherwise, you may feel helpless when they cry.Q: What is the paragraph mainly talking about?A. Baby use cry to express their feelings.B. How does baby learn to use words.C. Young mother should learn more about the crying.D. What does the baby’s cry mean?【解析】C 此题属于段末总结类型。
先表述细节, 后归纳要点结论, 概括主题。
3. If you were planning to buy a television set, the following advertisement would certainly draw your attention: “Color TV. Only ＄79. Two days sale. Hurry.”However, when you go to the store ready to buy，You may discover that they are sold out. But the shop assistant is quick to tell you that he has another model. A much better set which is “just right for you”It costs ＄395. This sales trick is called “bait and switch”. Buyers are baited with a sales advertisement, and then they are switched to another more expensive one. Buying things on sale needs careful consideration of the goods and the reason for the sale.Q：The paragraph is mainly talking about _________.A. buying a TV set on saleB. thinking twice before buy things on saleC. the clever shop assistantD. how to sell a TV set【解析】B 欲擒故纵类。
先表述细节, 后归纳要点, 然后再进一步阐述主题。
但后面的表述往往有进一步的引申或发展的意味，而不是简单的重复。
或者通过提出一个问题或者观点，然后回答这个问题或者否定这个观点来提出主题句。
然后再细细表述。
4. Tom studied four years at the University of Paris and decided to leave before his graduation. He transferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors. Harvard Law School and, later, Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background. He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami, Florida.Q: The main idea of this paragraph is that ______.A. Tom, who had studied at Paris Universities for four years, moved to another university.B. Tom became a lawyer since his graduation from Harvard Law School and later from Boston College.C. Tom was an excellent student when he studied at Berlin university.D. Tom received an excellent education.【解析】D 字里行间类型，即全文没有明确的主题句. 必须根据文篇中所提供的事实细节，进行全面考虑，综合分析，然后找出共同的东西，归纳成一般概念。
必须注意的是，既不能以偏概全，也不能在概括时过于宽泛，要恰如其分。
【学以致用】1. ……Viewing childhood development as a scientific investigation throws on how children learn ,but it also offers an inspiring look at science and scientists. Why do young children and scientists seem to be so much alike? Psychologists have suggested that science as an effort ---the desire to explore, explain, and understand our world---is simply something that comes from our babyhood. Perhaps evolution provided human babies with curiosity and a natural drive to explain their worlds, and adult scientists simply make use of the same drive that served them as children. The same cognitive systems that make young children feel good about feel good about figuring something out may have been adopted by adult scientists. As some psychologists put it, ”It is not that children are little scientists but that scientists are big children.”Q：What is the main idea of the paragraph?A. The world may be m ore clearly explained through children’s play.B. Studying babies’ play may lead to a better understanding of science.C. Children may have greater ability to figure out things than scientists.D. One’s drive for scientific research may become stronger as he grows.2. ……Our results indicate that mind body interventions（介入）can reduce individual disease burden as well as the utilization of healthcare resources and are well suited to the changing healthcare environment. Mind body interventions are inexpensive relative to the cost of an emergency room visit, a hospitalization, or even other alternative medicine treatments.Q: What does the sixth paragraph mainly tell us?A. The change of healthcare resources.B. The advantages of mind body interventions.C. The variety of mind body interventionsD. The comparison of mind body interventions and emergency.(二)全文大意类【经典例题】Reading to dogs is an unusual way to help children improve their literacy skills(读写能力). With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence (自信心), according to Intermountain Therapy Animals (ITA) in Salt Lake City. The group says it is the first program in the country to use dogs to help develop literacy in children, with the introduction of Reading Education Assistance Dogs (READ).The Salt Lake City Public Library is sold on the idea. “Literacy specialists admit that children who read below the level of their fellow pupils are often afraid of reading aloud in a group, often have lower self-respect, and regard reading as a headac he,” said Lisa Myron, manager of the children’s department.Last November the two groups started “Dog Day Afternoon”in the children’s department of the main library. About 25 children attended each of the four Saturday-afternoon classes, reading for half an hour. Those who attended three of the four classes r eceived a “pawgraphed” book at the last class.The program was so successful that the library plans to repeat it in April, according to Dana Thumpowsky, public relations manager.Q：What is mainly discussed in the text?A.Children’s reading difficulties.B.Advantages of raising dogs.C. Service in a public library.D. A special reading program.【解析】D【学以致用】Forget Twitter and Facebook, Google and the Kindle. Television is still the most influential medium around. Indeed ,for many of the poorest regions(地区)of the world, it remains the next big thing——finally becomes globally available. And that is a good thing, because the TV revolution is changing lives for the better.Television’s most powerf ul effect will be on the lives of women. In India, researchers Robert Jensen and Emily Oster found that when TVs reached villages, women were more likely to go to the market without their husbands’ approval and less likely to want a boy rather than a girl. They were more likely to make decisions over child health care.TV is also a powerful medium for adult education. In the Indian state of Gujarat, Chitrageet is a popular show that plays Bollywood songs with words in Gujarati on the screen. Within six months, viewers had made a small but significant(有意义的) improvement in their reading skills.Too much TV has been associated with violence, overweight and loneliness. However, TV is having a positive influence on the lives of billions worldwide.Q：What is the main idea of the passage? will rule the world will disturb the world will better the world will remain in the world(三)标题归纳类这类试题要求考生在把握文章主旨的基础上给文章选择一个合适的标题。