2019届高考英语二轮复习 阅读理解词义猜测题专练(一)猜测词义类
2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题猜测词义(57页word版)
2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题猜测词义【考纲解读】分析解读猜测词义题旨在考查考生根据上下文推测生词、短语或句子的意思的能力,突出考查考生对语境的分析和把握能力。
它不仅涉及考生的语言水平,还涉及考生的语言应用能力和综合素质等方面。
猜测词义题虽不是阅读测试的重点,但也是常考题目,是对考生多方面综合能力的考查。
因此,今后的高考中这类试题将保持平稳,而且试题增加了对短语、句意的猜测的考查。
近几年猜测词义题难度略有增加,需在较为复杂的句式中通过上下文综合分析才能得出答案。
【命题探究】【五年高考】Passage1(2017课标全国Ⅰ,D)词数:311A build-it-yourself solar still(蒸馏器)is one of the best ways to obtain drinking water in areas where the liquid is not readily available.Developed by two doctors in the U.S. Department of Agriculture,it s an excellent water collector.Unfortunately,you must carry the necessary equipment with you,since it s all but impossible to find natural substitutes.The only components required,though,are a5'×5'sheet of clear or slightly milky plastic,six feet of plastic tube,and a container—perhaps just a drinking cup—to catch the water.These pieces can be folded into a neat little pack and fastened on your belt.To construct a working still,use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep.Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the water catcher s productivity.Place your cup in the deepest part of the hole.Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs up—and out—the side of the hole.Next,cover the hole with the plastic sheet,securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheet s center down with a rock.The plastic should now form a cone(圆锥体) with45-degree-angled sides.The low point of the sheet must be centered directly over,and no more than three inches above,the cup.The solar still works by creating a greenhouse under the plastic.Ground water evaporates(蒸发)and collects on the sheet until small drops of water form,run down the material,and fall off into the cup.When the container is full,you can suck the refreshment out through the tube,and won t have to break down the still every time you need a drink.1.What do we know about the solar still equipment from the first paragraph?A.It s delicate.B.It s expensive.C.It s complex.D.It s portable.2.What does the underlined phrase“the water catcher”in paragraph2refer to?A.The tube.B.The still.C.The hole.D.The cup.3.What is the last step of constructing a working solar still?A.Dig a hole of a certain size.B.Put the cup in place.C.Weight the sheet s center down.D.Cover the hole with the plastic sheet.4.When a solar still works,drops of water come into the cup from.A.the plastic tubeB.outside the holeC.the open airD.beneath the sheet答案1.D2.B3.C4.DPassage2(2017天津,C)词数:330This month,Germany s transport minister,Alexander Dobrindt,proposed the first set of rules for autonomous vehicles(自主驾驶车辆).They would define the driver s role in such cars and govern how such cars perform in crashes where lives might be lost.The proposal attempts to deal with what some call the“death valley”of autonomous vehicles:the grey area between semi-autonomous and fully driverless cars that could delay the driverless future.Dobrindt wants three things:that a car always chooses property(财产)damage over personal injury;that it never distinguishes between humans based on age or race;and that if a human removes his or her hands from the driving wheel—to check email,say—the car s maker is responsible if there is a crash.“The change to the road traffic law will permit fully automatic driving,”says Dobrindt.It will put fully driverless cars on an equal legal footing to human drivers,he says.Who is responsible for the operation of such vehicles is not clear among car makers, consumers and lawyers.“The liability(法律责任)issue is the biggest one of them all,”says Natasha Merat at the University of Leeds,UK.An assumption behind UK insurance for driverless cars,introduced earlier this year,insists that a human“be watchful and monitoring the road”at every moment.But that is not what many people have in mind when thinking of driverless cars.“When you say‘driverless cars’,people expect driverless cars,”Merat says.“You know—no driver.”Because of the confusion,Merat thinks some car makers will wait until vehicles can be fully automated without human operation.Driverless cars may end up being a form of public transport rather than vehicles you own, says Ryan Calo at Stanford University,California.That is happening in the UK and Singapore, where government-provided driverless vehicles are being launched.That would go down poorly in the US,however.“The idea that the government would take over driverless cars and treat them as a public good would get absolutely nowhere here,”says Calo.1.What does the phrase“death valley”in Paragraph2refer to?A.A place where cars often break down.B.A case where passing a law is impossible.C.An area where no driving is permitted.D.A situation where drivers role is not clear.2.The proposal put forward by Dobrindt aims to.A.stop people from breaking traffic rulesB.help promote fully automatic drivingC.protect drivers of all ages and racesD.prevent serious property damage3.What do consumers think of the operation of driverless cars?A.It should get the attention of insurance companies.B.It should be the main concern of law makers.C.It should not cause deadly traffic accidents.D.It should involve no human responsibility.4.Driverless vehicles in public transport see no bright future in.A.SingaporeB.the UKC.the USD.Germany5.What could be the best title for the passage?A.Autonomous Driving:Whose Liability?B.Fully Automatic Cars:A New BreakthroughC.Autonomous Vehicles:Driver Removed!D.Driverless Cars:Root of Road Accidents答案1.D2.B3.D4.C5.APassage3(2017江苏,D)词数:690Old Problem,New ApproachesWhile clean energy is increasingly used in our daily life,global warming will continue for some decades after CO2emissions(排放)peak.So even if emissions were to begin to decrease today,we would still face the challenge of adapting to climate change.Here I will stress some smarter and more creative examples of climate adaptation.When it comes to adaptation,it is important to understand that climate change is a process. We are therefore not talking about adapting to a new standard,but to a constantly shifting set of conditions.This is why,in part at least,the US National Climate Assessment says that:“There is no‘one-size fits all’ adaptation.”Nevertheless,there are some actions that offer much and carry little risk or cost.Around the world,people are adapting in surprising ways,especially in some poor countries.Floods have become more damaging in Bangladesh in recent decades.Mohammed Rezwan saw opportunity where others saw only disaster.His not-for-profit organization runs100 river boats that serve as floating libraries,schools,and health clinics,and are equipped with solar panels and other communicating facilities.Rezwan is creating floating connectivity(连接)to replace flooded roads and highways.But he is also working at a far more fundamental level: his staff show people how to make floating gardens and fish ponds to prevent starvation during the wet season.Elsewhere in Asia even more astonishing actions are being taken.Chewang Norphel livesin a mountainous region in India,where he is known as the Ice Man.The loss of glaciers(冰川)there due to global warming represents an enormous threat to agriculture.Without the glaciers,water will arrive in the rivers at times when it can damage crops.Norphel s inspiration came from seeing the waste of water over winter,when it was not needed.He directed the wasted water into shallow basins where it froze,and was stored until the spring. His fields of ice supply perfectly timed irrigation(灌溉)water.Having created nine such ice reserves,Norphel calculates that he has stored about200,000m3of water.Climate change is a continuing process,so Norphel s ice reserves will not last forever.Warming will overtake them. But he is providing a few years during which the farmers will,perhaps,be able to find other means of adapting.Increasing Earth s reflectiveness can cool the planet.In southern Spain the sudden increase of greenhouses(which reflect light back to space)has changed the warming trend locally,and actually cooled the region.While Spain as a whole is heating up quickly,temperatures near the greenhouses have decreased.This example should act as an inspiration for all cities.By painting buildings white,cities may slow down the warming process.In Peru,local farmers around a mountain with a glacier that has already fallen victim to climate change have begun painting the entire mountain peak white in the hope that the added reflectiveness will restore the life-giving ice.The outcome is still far from clear.But the World Bank has included the project on its list of“100ideas to save the planet”.More ordinary forms of adaptation are happening everywhere.A friend of mine owns an area of land in western Victoria.Over five generations the land has been too wet for cropping. But during the past decade declining rainfall has allowed him to plant highly profitable crops. Farmers in many countries are also adapting like this—either by growing new produce,or by growing the same things differently.This is common sense.But some suggestions for adapting are not.When the polluting industries argue that we ve lost the battle to control carbon pollution and have no choice but to adapt,it s a nonsense designed to make the case for business as usual.Human beings will continue to adapt to the changing climate in both ordinary and astonishing ways.But the most sensible form of adaptation is surely to adapt our energy systems to emit less carbon pollution.After all,if we adapt in that way,we may avoid the need to change in so many others.1.The underlined part in Paragraph2implies.A.adaptation is an ever-changing processB.the cost of adaptation varies with timeC.global warming affects adaptation formsD.adaptation to climate change is challenging2.What is special with regard to Rezwan s project?A.The project receives government support.B.Different organizations work with each other.C.His organization makes the best of a bad situation.D.The project connects flooded roads and highways.3.What did the Ice Man do to reduce the effect of global warming?A.Storing ice for future use.B.Protecting the glaciers from melting.C.Changing the irrigation time.D.Postponing the melting of the glaciers.4.What do we learn from the Peru example?A.White paint is usually safe for buildings.B.The global warming trend cannot be stopped.C.This country is heating up too quickly.D.Sunlight reflection may relieve global warming.5.According to the author,polluting industries should.A.adapt to carbon pollutionB.plant highly profitable cropsC.leave carbon emission aloneD.fight against carbon pollution6.What s the author s preferred solution to global warming?A.Setting up a new standard.B.Reducing carbon emission.C.Adapting to climate change.D.Monitoring polluting industries.答案1.A2.C3.A4.D5.D6.BPassage4(2016课标全国Ⅰ,C)词数:269I am Peter Hodes,a volunteer stem cell courier.Since March2012,I ve done89trips—of those,51have been abroad.I have42hours to carry stem cells(干细胞)in my little box because I ve got two ice packs and that s how long they last.In all,from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor(捐献者)to the time they can be implanted in the patient,we ve got72hours at most.So I am always conscious of time.I had one trip last year where I was caught by a hurricane in America.I picked up the stem cells in Providence,Rhode Island,and was meant to fly to Washington then back to London.But when I arrived at the check-in desk at Providence,the lady on the desk said:“Well,I m really sorry,I ve got some bad news for you—there are no flights from Washington.” So I took my box and put it on the desk and I said:“In this box are some stem cells that are urgently needed for a patient—please,please,you ve got to get me back to the United Kingdom.” She just dropped everything.She arranged for a flight on a small plane to be held for me,re-routed(改道)me through Newark and got me back to the UK even earlier than originally scheduled.For this courier job,you re consciously aware that in that box you ve got something that is potentially going to save somebody s life.1.Which of the following can replace the underlined word“courier”in Paragraph1?A.providerB.delivery manC.collectorD.medical doctor2.Why does Peter have to complete his trip within42hours?A.He cannot stay away from his job too long.B.The donor can only wait for that long.C.The operation needs that much time.D.The ice won t last any longer.3.Which flight did the woman put Peter on first?A.To London.B.To Newark.C.To Providence.D.To Washington.答案1.B2.D3.BPassage5(2016课标全国Ⅱ,B)词数:294Five years ago,when I taught art at a school in Seattle,I used Tinkertoys as a test at the beginning of a term to find out something about my students.I put a small set of Tinkertoysin front of each student,and said:“Make something out of the Tinkertoys.You have45 minutes today—and45minutes each day for the rest of the week.”A few students hesitated to start.They waited to see what the rest of the class would do. Several others checked the instructions and made something according to one of the model plans provided.Another group built something out of their own imaginations.Once I had a boy who worked experimentally with Tinkertoys in his free time.His constructions filled a shelf in the art classroom and a good part of his bedroom at home.I was delighted at the presence of such a student.Here was an exceptionally creative mind at work. His presence meant that I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class whose creativity would infect(感染)other students.Encouraging this kind of thinking has a downside.I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking.Without fail one would declare,“But I m just not creative.”“Do you dream at night when you re asleep?”“Oh,sure.”“So tell me one of your most interesting dreams.”The student would tell something wildly imaginative.Flying in the sky or in a time machine or growing three heads.“That s pretty creative.Who does that for you?”“Nobody.I do it.”“Really—at night,when you re asleep?”“Sure.”“Try doing it in the daytime,in class,okay?”1.The teacher used Tinkertoys in class in order to.A.know more about the studentsB.make the lessons more excitingC.raise the students interest in artD.teach the students about toy design2.What do we know about the boy mentioned in Paragraph3?A.He liked to help his teacher.B.He preferred to study alone.C.He was active in class.D.He was imaginative.3.What does the underlined word“downside”in Paragraph4probably mean?A.Mistake.B.Drawback.C.Difficulty.D.Burden.4.Why did the teacher ask the students to talk about their dreams?A.To help them to see their creativity.B.To find out about their sleeping habits.C.To help them to improve their memory.D.To find out about their ways of thinking.答案1.A2.D3.B4.APassage6(2016课标全国Ⅲ,B)词数:323On one of her trips to New York several years ago,Eudora Welty decided to take a couple of New York friends out to dinner.They settled in at a comfortable East Side cafe and within minutes,another customer was approaching their table.“Hey,aren t you from Mississippi?”the elegant,white-haired writer remembered being asked by the stranger.“I m from Mississippi too.”Without a second thought,the woman joined the Welty party.When her dinner partner showed up,she also pulled up a chair.“They began telling me all the news of Mississippi,”Welty said.“I didn t know what my New York friends were thinking.”Taxis on a rainy New York night are rarer than sunshine.By the time the group got up to leave,it was pouring outside.Welty s new friends immediately sent a waiter to find a cab. Heading back downtown toward her hotel,her big-city friends were amazed at the turn of events that had changed their Big Apple dinner into a Mississippi state reunion(团聚).“My friend said:‘Now we believe your stories,’”Welty added.“And I said:‘Now you know.These are the people that make me write them.’”Sitting on a sofa in her room,Welty,a slim figure in a simple gray dress,looked pleased with this explanation.“I don t make them up,”she said of the characters in her fiction these last50or so years.“I don t have to.”Beauticians,bartenders,piano players and people with purple hats,Welty s people come from afternoons spent visiting with old friends,from walks through the streets of her native Jackson,Miss.,from conversations overheard on a bus.It annoys Welty that,at78,her left ear has now given out.Sometimes,sitting on a bus or a train,she hears only a fragment(片断)of a particularly interesting story.1.What happened when Welty was with her friends at the cafe?A.Two strangers joined her.B.Her childhood friends came in.C.A heavy rain ruined the dinner.D.Some people held a party there.2.The underlined word“them”in Paragraph6refers to Welty s.A.readersB.partiesC.friendsD.stories3.What can we learn about the characters in Welty s fiction?A.They live in big cities.B.They are mostly women.C.They come from real life.D.They are pleasure seekers.答案1.A2.D3.CPassage7(2016四川,B)词数:242If you could have one superpower,what would it be?Dreaming about whether you would want to read minds,see through walls,or have superhuman strength may sound silly,but it actually gets to the heart of what really matters in your life.Every day in our work,we are inspired by the people we meet doing extraordinary things to improve the world.They have a different kind of superpower that all of us possess:the power to make a difference in the lives of others.We re not saying that everyone needs to contribute their lives to the poor.Your lives are busy enough doing homework,playing sports,making friends,seeking after your dreams.But we do think that you can live a more powerful life when you devote some of your time and energy to something much larger than yourself.Find an issue you are interested in and learn more.Volunteer or,if you can,contribute a little money to a cause.Whatever you do,don t be a bystander.Get involved.You may have the opportunity to make your biggest difference when you re older.But why not start now?Our own experience working together on health,development,and energy the last twenty years has been one of the most rewarding parts of our lives.It has changed who we are and continues to fuel our optimism about how much the lives of the poorest people will improve in the years ahead.1.What does the underlined part in Paragraph2refer to?A.Your life style.B.Your life value.C.Your trouble in life.D.Your life experience.2.Why does the author say they are inspired every day?A.They possess different kinds of superpowers.B.They have got the power to change the world.C.Some people around them are making the world better.D.There are many powerful people in their life and work.3.What does the author stress in Paragraph5?A.Learning more and contributing more to a cause.B.Rising above self and acting to help others.C.Working hard to get a bigger opportunity.D.Trying your best to help the poor.4.What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A.The author believes the lives of the poorest will get better.B.Much more progress will be made in the near future.C.The work on health is the most valuable experience.D.People s efforts have been materially rewarded.答案1.B2.C3.B4.APassage8(2016四川,C)词数:313In the depths of the French Guianese rainforest,there still remain unusual groups of indigenous(土著的)people.Surprisingly,these people live largely by their own laws and their own social customs.And yet,people in this area are in fact French citizens because it has been a colony(殖民地)of the French Republic since1946.In theory,they should live by the French law.However,their remote locations mean that the French law is often ignored or unknown,thus making them into an interesting area of“lawlessness”in the world.The lives of these people have finally been recorded thanks to the efforts of a Frenchman from Paris called Gin.Gin spent five months in early2015exploring the most remote corners of this area,which sits on the edge of the Amazon rainforest,with half its population of only 250,000living in its capital,Cayenne.“I have a special love for the French Guianese people.I have worked there on and off for almost ten years,”says Gin.“I ve been able to keep firm friendships with them.Thus I have been allowed to gain access to their living environment.I don t see it as a lawless land. But rather I see it as an area of freedom.”“I wanted to show the audience a photographic record touching upon the uncivilized life,”continues Gin.“I prefer to work in black and white,which allows me to show different specific worlds more clearly.”His black-and-white pictures present a world almost lost in time.These pictures show people seemingly pushed into a world that they were unprepared for.These local citizens now have to balance their traditional self-supporting hunting lifestyle with the lifestyle offered by the modern French Republic,which brings with it not only necessary state welfare,but also alcoholism,betrayal and even suicide.1.Why does the author feel surprised about the indigenous people in French Guiana?A.They seldom follow the French law.B.They often ignore the Guianese law.C.They are separated from the modern world.D.They are both Guianese and French citizens.2.Gin introduces the special world of the indigenous Guianese as.A.a tour guideB.a geographerC.a film directorD.a photographer3.What is Gin s attitude towards the lives of the indigenous Guianese?A.Cautious.B.Doubtful.C.Uninterested.D.Appreciative.4.What does the underlined word“it” in the last paragraph refer to?A.The modern French lifestyle.B.The self-supporting hunting.C.The uncivilized world.D.The French Republic.答案1.A2.D3.D4.APassage9(2016北京,D)词数:443Why College Is Not HomeThe college years are supposed to be a time for important growth in autonomy(自主性) and the development of adult identity.However,now they are becoming an extended period of adolescence,during which many of today s students are not shouldered with adult responsibilities.For previous generations,college was a decisive break from parental control;guidance and support needed to come from people of the same age and from within.In the past two decades, however,continued connection with and dependence on family,thanks to cell phones,email and social media,have increased significantly.Some parents go so far as to help with coursework. Instead of promoting the idea of college as a passage from the shelter of the family to autonomy and adult responsibility,universities have given in to the idea that they should provide the same environment as that of the home.To prepare for increased autonomy and responsibility,college needs to be a time of exploration and experimentation.This process involves“trying on” new ways of thinking about oneself both intellectually(在思维方面)and personally.While we should provide“safe spaces” within colleges,we must also make it safe to express opinions and challenge majority views.Intellectual growth and flexibility are fostered by strict debate and questioning.Learning to deal with the social world is equally important.Because a collegecommunity(群体)differs from the family,many students will struggle to find a sense of belonging.If students rely on administrators to regulate their social behavior and thinking pattern,they are not facing the challenge of finding an identity within a larger and complex community.Moreover,the tendency for universities to monitor and shape student behavior runs up against another characteristic of young adults:the response to being controlled by their elders.If acceptable social behavior is too strictly defined(规定)and controlled,the insensitive or aggressive behavior that administrators are seeking to minimize may actually be encouraged.It is not surprising that young people are likely to burst out,particularly when there are reasons to do so.Our generation once joined hands and stood firm at times of national emergency.What is lacking today is the conflict between adolescents desire for autonomy and their understanding of an unsafe world.Therefore,there is the desire for their dorms to be replacement homes and not places to experience intellectual growth.Every college discussion about community values,social climate and behavior should include recognition of the developmental importance of student autonomy and self-regulation,of the necessary tension between safety and self-discovery.1.What s the author s attitude toward continued parental guidance to college students?A.Sympathetic.B.Disapproving.C.Supportive.D.Neutral.2.The underlined word“passage” in Paragraph2means.A.changeB.choiceC.textD.extension3.According to the author,what role should college play?A.To develop a shared identity among students.B.To define and regulate students social behavior.C.To provide a safe world without tension for students.D.To foster students intellectual and personal development.4.Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage?I:Introduction P:Point Sp:Sub-point(次要点)C:Conclusion答案1.B2.A3.D4.CPassage10(2016天津,C)词数:378When John was growing up,other kids felt sorry for him.His parents always had him weeding the garden,carrying out the garbage and delivering newspapers.But when John reached adulthood,he was better off than his childhood playmates.He had more job satisfaction, a better marriage and was healthier.Most of all,he was happier.Far happier.These are the findings of a40-year study that followed the lives of456teenage boys from Boston.The study showed that those who had worked as boys enjoyed happier and more productive lives than those who had not.“Boys who worked in the home or community gained competence(能力)and came to feel they were worthwhile members of society,”said George Vaillant,the psychologist(心理学家)who made the discovery.“And because they felt good about themselves,others felt good about them.”Vaillant s study followed these males in great detail.Interviews were repeated at ages25, 31and47.Under Vaillant,the researchers compared the men s mental-health scores with their boyhood-activity scores.Points were awarded for part-time jobs,housework,effort in school,and ability to deal with problems.The link between what the men had done as boys and how they turned out as adults was surprisingly sharp.Those who had done the most boyhood activities were twice as likely to have warm relations with a wide variety of people,five times as likely to be well paid and16 times less likely to have been unemployed.The researchers also found that IQ and family social and economic class made no real difference in how the boys turned out.Working—at any age—is important.Childhood activities help a child develop responsibility, independence,confidence and competence—the underpinnings(基础)of emotional health.They also help him understand that people must cooperate and work toward common goals.The most competent adults are those who know how to do this.Yet work isn t everything.As Tolstoy。
2019年高考英语阅读理解猜测词意
高考英语阅读理解猜测词意（词义）解题策略浏阳五中高三备课组在词义猜测题中，所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，要根据短文提供的语境，通过阅读作者常常通过给某些词汇下定义来帮助读者理解词义，尤其在一些科普类、社科类及与专业内容相关的文章中，定义解释作者所用词的准确含义。
下定义时，作者通常使用信号词，如i.e., is, are, is/are called, mean, refer to, known as等等。
利用同义解释猜词同义解释形式多样，有的利用下定义，有的利用or，that is(to say)，in other words，namely等引出后面的解释，有的利用破折号、同位语(从句)、定语从句或同义词、近义词等引出后面的解释。
1)Anthropology is the scientific study of man.2)It will be very hard but very brittle— that is, it will break easily.3). This was a very domesticated bird that needed help or it would not survive.A.Having been abandonedB.Having been used to home lifeC.Having been used to life in the wildD.Having been weak and hungry4). He is a resolute man. Once he sets up a goal, he will not give it up easily.5). She is bilingual. In other words, she speaks English and French equally well.6). Transparent animals let light pass through their bodies the same way light passes through a window.7). The schools are reluctant to take time off——even teachers with tickets for the England-Argentina game had trouble getting the day off.•The underlined word “reluctant” may probably mean_______.A.kindB. unwillingC. freeD. careless同义词（近义词）在同一句、同一段或同一篇文章中，作者为了避免语言的单调、重复，有时会使用意思相同或相近的词。
2019高考英语二轮高频考点4阅读理解词意猜测解题指导练习
2019高考英语二轮高频考点4阅读理解词意猜测解题指导练习例 1 （2012·湖南）When my brother and I were young, my mom would take us on Transportation Days.It goes like this: You can’t take any means of transportation more than once. We would start from home, walking two blocks to the ra il station. We’d take the train into the city center, then a bus, switching to the tram, then maybe a taxi. We always considered taking a horse carriage in the historic district, but we didn’t like the way the horses were treated, so we never did. At the end of the day, we took the subway to our closest station, where Mom’s friend was waiting to give us a ride home—our first car ride of the day.The good thing about Transportation Days is not only that Mom taught us how to get around. She was born to be multimodal (多方式旳). She understood that depending on cars only was a failure of imagination and, above all, a failure of confidence—the product of a childhood not spent exploring subway tunnels.Once you learn the route map and step with certainty over the gap between the train and the platform, nothing is frightening anymore. New cities are just light-rail lines to be explored. And your personal car, if you have one, becomes just one more tool in the toolbox—and often an inadequate one, limiting both your mobility and your wallet.On Transportation Days, we might stop for lunch on Chestnut Street or buy a new book or toy, but the transportation was the point. First, it was exciting enough to watch the world speed by from the train window. As I got older, my mom helped me unlock the mysteries that would otherwise have paralyzed my first attempts to do it myself: How do I know where to get off? How do I know how much it costs? How do I know when I need tickets, and where to get them? What track, what line, which direction, where’s the stop, and will I get wet when we go under the river? I’m writing this right now on an airplane, a means we didn’t try on our Transportation Days and, we now know, the dirtiest and most polluting of them all. My flight routed me throughPhiladelphia. My multimodal mom met me for dinner in the airport. She took a train to meet me.57. The underlined word “paralyzed” (in Para. 5) is closest in meaning to “_______”.Take the Lower Keys March rabbit, for instance. An endangered species that lives in the Lower Florida Keys, this species of cottontail is a great swimmer — it lives on the islands! — but it is already severely affected by development and now by rising levels. According to the Center for Biological Diversity, an ocean level rise of only 0. 6 meters will send these guys jumping to higher ground and a 0.9-meter rise would wipe out their habitat (栖息地) completely.The snowshoe hare, on the other hand, has a color issue. Most of these rabbits change their fur color from white in the wintertime to brown in the summer, each designed to give them better cover from predators（捕食者）. As the number of days with snow decreases all across the country, however, more and more bunnies arc being left in white fur during brown dirt days of both fall and spring, making them an easier mark for predators. Researchers know that the color change is controlled by the number of hours of sunlight, but whether the rabbit will be able to adapt quick enough to survive is a big question. The National Wildlife Federation has reported that hunters have noticed their numbers are already markedly down.American pikas or rock rabbits, a relative of rabbits and hares, might be the firs' of these species to go extinct due to climate change. About 7-8 inches long, pikas live high in the cool, damp mountains west of the Rocky Mountains. As global temperatures rise, they would naturally migrate (迁徙) to higher ground — but they already occupy the mountaintops. They can't go any higher. The National Wildlife Federation reports that they might not be able to stand the new temperatures as their habitat beats up.The volcano rabbit has the same problem. These rabbits live on the slopes of volcanoes in Mexico, and recent studies have shown that the lower range of their habitat has already shifted upward about 700 meters, but there are not suitable plants for them to move higher, so they are stuck in the middle. Scientists are concerned about their populations.Native to the US, pygmy rabbits weigh less than 1 pound and live in the American West. They are believed to be the smallest rabbits in the world. Their habitats have been destroyed by development. Several populations, such as the Columbia Basin pygmy, almost went extinct and were saved by zoo breeding programs. Pygmy rabbits also rely on winter cover by digging tunnels through the snow to escape predators, but lesser snowfall is leaving them exposed.All of this gives new meaning to dressing up in a giant bunny costume this Easter.42. The word "culprit" ( Paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to______.A. criminalB. judgeC. victimD. producer[点拨] A 词义猜测题。
高考英语-2019年高考英语阅读理解专题-词义猜测类(含解析)
2019高考英语阅读理解专题-词义猜测类（含解析）一、阅读理解1.根据短文理解，选择正确答案。
Xinhua News—The Beijing government has set out to recruit thousands of university graduates to work as junior officials in rural areas to both improve rural administration and ease the city's employment problems.The government plans to recruit 3,000 university graduates this year, 1,000 more than last year, to work as assistants to village heads or party secretaries in suburban areas.People interested in jobs in Beijing's rural villages and towns can send applications to Beijing Municipal Bureau of Personnel or log on to from February 1 through March 15.“We hope university graduates will seize this opportunity to use their knowledge in rural villages and to start their career s,” Sun Zhenyu, the Deputy Director of Beijing Personnel Bureau, told Xinhua News Agency.The government has promised successful candidates a monthly salary of 2,000 Yuan in the first year, 2,500 Yuan the second year and 3,000 the third year, provided their performance is up to the required standards, Sun said.Wang Lina, who graduated from Beijing Union University last year, was one of the first graduates to find work in the city's countryside. After majoring in Industrial and Commercial Administration, Wang served as the assistant to the village head of Ertiaojie Village in suburban Beijing's Pinggu District. For one project, Wang contacted people at Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences and arranged for the local farmers to receive training in strawberry planting. Her efforts paid off. The village had a plentiful harvest of organic strawberries earlier this year.Nationwide, about 150,000 university graduates found employment in rural areas last year, according to the figures provided by the Ministry of Education.The ministry predicts that 4.95 million students will graduate from universities across the country this year, 820,000 more than last year. About 1.4 million of them are unlikely to find jobs when they graduate. In Beijing, a record of 200,000 people are expected to graduate from university this year. Less than half of them are expected to be offered jobs, according to Beijing Personnel Bureau.（1）From the story of Wang Lina we can learn that _________.A. Wang had great difficulty in helping villagers plant organic strawberriesB. local farmers can get big harvests if they work together with herC. the sooner you go to the countryside, the sooner you will be successfulD. university graduate can realize their value no matter where they work（2）The underlined word “recruit” in the first paragraph probably means ________.A. forceB. employC. encourageD. train（3）The last two paragraphs seem to tell us that ________.A. it is not easy for graduates to find jobs nowadaysB. more and more graduates will work as junior officialsC. the universities should not enroll so many studentsD. there are more and more jobs provided by the Ministry of Education（4）Which of the following can be the best title for this passage?A. The Government's Help for University GraduatesB. A Good Choice for University GraduatesC. Job Hunting for University GraduatesD. What is the Best Career?2.阅读理解Nothing could stop Dad. After he was put on disability for a bad back, he bought a small farm in the country, just enough to grow food for the family. He planted vegetables, fruit trees and even kept bees for honey.And every week he cleaned Old Man McColgin's chicken house in exchange for manure(肥料). The smell really burned the inside of your nose. When we complained about the terrible smell, Dad said the stronger the manure, the healthier the crops, and he was right. For example, just one of his cantaloupes filled the entire house with its sweet smell, and the taste was even sweeter.As the vegetables started coming in, Dad threw himself into cooking. One day, armed with a basket of vegetables, he announced he was going to make stew(炖菜).Dad pulled out a pressure cooker and filled it up with cabbages, eggplants, potatoes, corns, onions and carrots. For about half an hour, the pressure built and the vegetables cooked. Finally, Dad turned off the stove, the pot began to cool and the pressure relief valve sprayed out a cloud of steam. If we thought Dad's pile of chicken manure was bad, this was 10 times worse. When Dad took off the lid, the smell nearly knocked us out.Dad carried the pot out and we opened doors and windows to air out the house. Just how bad was it? The neighbors came out of their houses to see if we had a gas leak!Determined, Dad filled our plates with steaming stew and passed them around. It didn't look that bad, and after the first wave had shut down my ability to smell, it didn't offend the nose so much, either. I took a taste. It would never win a prize in a cooking competition, but it was surprisingly edible, and we drank up every last drop of soup!（1）Why did Dad clean Old Man Mocolgin's chicken house regularly?A. To earn some money for the family.B. To collect manure for his crops.C. To get rid of the terrible smell.D. To set a good example to us.（2）What can we infer about Dad's stew?A. It is popular among the neighbors.B. It contains honey and vegetables.C. It looks very wonderful.D. It tastes quite delicious.（3）What does the underlined word “offend” in the last paragraph mean?A. To attract.B. To upset.C. To air.D. To shut.（4）What can we learn about Dad form the text?A. He is an experienced cook.B. He is a troublesome father.C. He has a positive attitude to life.D. He suffers a lot from his disability.3.阅读理解I've never been the ki nd of person to say, “it's the thought that counts” when it comes to gifts. That was until a couple of weeks ago, when my kids gave me a present that blew me away.For years now, I've been wanting to sell our home, the place where my husband and 1 raised our kids. But to me, this house is much more than just a building.In the front room, there's a wall that has hundreds of pencil lines, marking the progress of my children's growth.Every growth stage is marked in grey, with each child's name and the date they were measured. Of all the objects and all the memories, it's this one thing in a home that's the hardest to leave behind. Friends I know have returned home after work only to discover their wall of heights has been freshly painted over. A new paint job wouldn't normally be greeted by tears, but erasing that evidence of motherhood hurts more than it should. Our kids grow in so many ways, but the wall is physical evidence of their progress, right there for everyone to see.Over the years, I've talked about how much I would hate leaving that wall behind when I moved, even though the last marks were made 10 years ago when my kids stopped growing.So one day, while I was at work, my children decided to do something about it.They hired Jacquie Manning, a professional photographer whose work is about capturing (捕捉) the beautiful things in life, from clear lakes and skies to diamonds and ballgowns (舞会礼服). She came to our house while I was at work, and over several hours, took photos of the hundreds of drawings and lines, little grey fingerprints (手印), and old marks. Somehow, she managed to photograph all those years of memories perfectly. Afterwards, she put all the photos together into one image, transforming them into a beautiful history of my family.Three weeks later, my children's wonderful gift made its way to me—a life-size photo of the pencil lines and fingerprints that represents entire lifetimes of love and growth.（1）The underlined phrase in Para. I “blew me away" probably means “”.A. attracted meB. surprised meC. accepted meD. refused me （2）What does the house really mean to the author?A. A house.B. Buildings.C. An object.D. Memories. （3）What surprised the friends I know after work?A. Finding the wall repainted.B. Erasing the fingerprints.C. Greeting them by tears.D. Leaving the wall unfinished（4）What is the best title for the text?A. Gift Made with LoveB. Buildings Made by ChildrenC. A Very Wonderful PaintingD. A Family History4.阅读理解Nervous suspects locked up in Britain's newest police station may feel relieved by a pleasantyellow color on the door . If they are close to confessing（供认）a crime , the blue on the wall might tip the balance .Gwent Police have abandoned colors such as greys and browns of the 20th-century police cell （牢房）and have used color psychology to decorate them .Ystrad Mynach station , which recently opened at a cost of ￡5 million has four cells with glass doors for prisoners who suffer from claustrophobia（幽闭恐怖症）. Designers have painted the frames yellow , which researchers say is a calming color . Other cells contain a royal blue line because psychologists believe that the color is likely to encourage truthfulness .The s tation has 31 cells , including 12 with a “live scan” system for drunken or disturbed prisoners , which detects the rise and fall of their chest . An alarm alerts officers if a prisoner's breathing stops and carries on ringing until the door is opened .Designers and psychologists have worked for years on color . Blue is said to suggest trust , efficiency , duty , logic , coolness , thinking and calm . It also suggests coldness and unfriendliness . It is thought that strong blues will stimulate clear thought and lighter , soft colors will calm the mind and aid concentration .Yellow is linked with confidence , self-respect and friendliness get the color wrong and it could cause fear , depression and anxiety , but the right yellow can lift spirits and self-respect .Ingrid Collins , a psychologist who specializes in the effects of color , said that color was an “ energy force ” . She said : “ Blue does enhance communication but I am not sure it would enhance truthful communication . ”Yellow , she said , affected the mind . Red , on the other hand , should never be considered because it could increase aggression . Mrs. Collins praised the designers for using colors in the cells . Gwent is not the first British force to experiment with color to calm down or persuade prisoners to co-operate , In the 1990s Strathclyde Police used pink in cells based on research carried out by the US Navy .（1）The expression “ tip the balance ” in Paragraph 1 probably indicates that the blue might __________ .A. let suspects keep their balanceB. help suspects to confess their crimesC. make suspects cold and unfriendly in law courtD. enable suspects to change their attitudes to colors（2）Which of the following helps alert officers if someone stops breathing ?A. Scanning equipment .B. Royal blue lines .C. Glass doors .D. Yellow frames . （3）The passage is mainly concerned with __________ .A. the relationship between colors and psychologyB. a comparison of different functions of colorsC. the use of colors in cells to affect criminals' psychologyD. scientific ways to help criminals reform themselves in prison5.阅读理解One afternoon I toured an art museum while waiting for my husband to finish a business meeting.I was looking forward to a quiet view of the art works.A young couple viewing the paintings ahead of me chatted nonstop between themselves.I watched them a moment and decided the wife was doing all the talk.I admired the husband's patience for putting up with her continuous talk.Distracted by their noise,I moved on.I met with them several times as I moved through the different rooms of art.Each time I heard her constant burst of words,I moved away quickly.I was standing at the counter of the museum gift shop making a purchase when the couple came near to the exit.Before they left,the man reached into his pocket and pulled out a white object.He extended it into a long stick and then tapped his way into the coatroom to get his wife's jacket.“He's a brave man.”The clerk at the counter said,”Most of us would give up if wewere blinded at such a young age.During his recovery he made a promise that his life wouldn't change. So, as before,he and his wife come in whenever there's a new art show.”“But what does he get out of the art?”I asked,“He can't see.”“Can't see?You're wrong.He sees a lot.More than you or I do.”The clerk said,“His wife describes each painting so he ca n see it in his head.”I learned something about patience,courage and love that day.I saw the patience of a young wife describing paintings to a person without sight and the courage of a husband who would not allow blindness to change his life.And I saw the love shared by two people as I watched this couple walk away hand in hand.（1）The young couple were at an art museum ________.A. to discuss paintingsB. to show their loveC. to appreciate artD. to describe paintings（2）“I moved away quickly.”in Paragraph 3 shows that the writer ________.A. was in the hope of visiting more roomsB. was in a hurry to buy some giftsC. was not interested in the art showD. was tired of the nonstop talking（3）We can infer from the passage that the husband _________.A. couldn't stand his wifeB. was not born blindC. knew nothing about artD. completely depended on his wife（4）After hearing what the clerk had said about the couple,the writer was ________.A. touched（感动的）B. excitedC. encouragedD. annoyed（气恼的）6.阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
2019高考英语阅读理解---猜测词意【含答案】
高考英语阅读理解猜测词意高考英语阅读理解考纲关于阅读理解部分考纲要求：阅读部分要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。
考生应能：（1）理解主旨要义；（2）理解文中具体信息；（3）根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义；（4）做出判断和推理；（5）理解文章的基本结构；（6）理解作者的意图、观点和态度。
需要特别说明的是，考试说明中强调：“阅读部分要求学生读懂选自英语原版书籍、报纸和杂志（含网络版）的关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。
文体包括记叙文、议论文、说明文和应用文等。
” 网络版英语文章也有可能成为阅读理解命题的材料。
1.If you have a juicer, you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced frui t. Out comes a “soft-serve” creamy de ssert, to be eaten right away. This makes a fun activity for a children’s party; they love feeding the fru it and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below.What is “a juicer” in the last paragraph?A. A dessert.B. A drink.C. A container.D. A machine.2. Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects. Why do we often assume that more is more when it comes to kids and their belongings? The good news is that I can help my own kids learn earlier than I did how to live more with less.What d o the words “more is more” in paragraph 1 probably mean?A. The more, the better.B. Enough is enough.C. More money, more worries.D. Earn more and spend more.3. There are also varieties developed to suit specific local conditions. One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette, but you'll need a warm, sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it, so it's a_pipe_dream for most apple lovers who fall for it.What does the underlined phrase “a pipe dream”in Paragraph 3 mean?A．A practical idea. B．A vain hope.C．A brilliant plan. D．A selfish desire.4. This of course created a new problem: dirt practically buried the first floors of every building in Chicago. Building owners were faced with a choice: either change the first floors of their buildings into basements, and the second stories into main floors, or hoist the entire buildings to meet the new street level. Small wood-frame buildings could be lifted fairly easily.The underlined word “hoist”in Paragraph 4 means“________”．A．change B．liftC．repair D．decorate5. Some 2,500 years ago Greece discovered freedom. Before that there was no freedom. There were great civilizations, splendid empires, but no freedom anywhere. Egypt and Babylon were both tyrannies,_ one very powerful man ruling over helpless masses. What does the underlined word“tyrannies”in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．Countries where their people need help.B．Powerful states with higher civilization.C．Splendid empires where people enjoy freedom.D．Governments ruled with absolute power.6. The objects around you are visible because they interact with light .Light typically travels in a straight line.But some materials slow and scatter (散射) light，bouncing it away from its original path.Others absorb light，stopping it dead in its tracks. Both scattering and absorption make an object look different from other objects around it，so you can see it easily.The underlined word “dead” in Paragraph 3 means ________．A．silently B．graduallyC．regularly D．completely7. My color television has given me nothing but a headache.I was able to buy it a little over a year ago because I had my relatives give me money for my birthday instead of a lot of clothes that wouldn’t fit.I let a salesclerk fool me into buying a discontinued model.I realized this a day later，when I saw newspaper advertisements for the set at seventyfive dollars less than I had paid.The set worked so beautifully when I first got it home that I would keep it on until stations signed_off for the night.Fortunately，I didn’t get any channels showing allnight movies or I would never have gotten to bed.Which of the following can best replace the phrase “signed off” in Paragra ph 1?_______A．ended all their programsB．provided fewer channelsC．changed to commercialsD．showed allnight movies真题短文读一读A man’s position among the black-tent people depends on his ancestors, relatives, and fellow tribesmen. If they are honored, he is also honored. If they are disgraced, he too is disgraced. Therefore one carefully guards the honor of his family, his lineage(宗系), and his tribe.The word “disgrace” means _________ in this text.A. honorB. endangerC. proudD. shameThe ruler had been so cruel and dishonest that after the revolution he was banished.A few members of the Senate(参议院) opposed this decision, but the majority voted that the ruler should leave the country for ever.The underlined word “banished” mean_______.A. killed by stoningB. sent awayC. imprisonedD. punished by whippingAlthough he often had the chance, Mr. Brown was never able to steal money from acustomer. This would endangered his position at the bank, and he did not want to jeopardize his future.The word “jeopardize” means _____ in this text.A. protectB. endangerC. continueD. stopIt was once common to regard Britain as a society with class distinction. Each class had unique characteristics.In recent years, many writers have begun to speak the 'decline of class' and 'classless society' in Britain. And in modern day consumer society everyone is considered to be middle class.But pronouncing the death of class is too early. A recent wide-ranging society of public opinion found 90 percent of people still placing themselves in particular class;73 percent agreed that class was still a vital part of British society; and 52 percentthought there were still sharp class differences. Thus, class may not be culturally and politically obvious, yet it remains an important part of British society. Britain seems to have a love of stratification.42. The word stratification in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ________.A. varietyB. divisionC. authorityD. qualificationThe link between what the men had done as boys and how they turned out as adults was surprisingly sharp. Those who had done the most boyhood activities were twice as likely to have warm relations with a wide variety of people, five times as likely to be well paid and 16 times less likely to have been unemployed. The researchers also found that IQ and family social and economic class made no real difference in how the boys turned out. Working----at any age----is important. Childhood activities help a child develop responsibility, independence, confidence and competence---the underpinnings (基础) of emotional health. They also help him understand that people must cooperate and work toward common goals. The most competent adults are those who know how to do this. Yet work isn’t everything. As Tolstoy once said, “One can live magnificently in this world if one knows how to work and how to love, to work for the person one loves and to love one’s work.”49. What does the underlined word “sharp” probably mean in Paragraph 4?A. Quick to reactB. Having a thin edgeC. Clear and definiteD. sudden and rapidIn fact, when it comes to the art of war, ants have no equal. They are completely fearless and will readily take on a creature much larger than themselves, attacking in large groups and overcoming their target. Such is their devotion to the common good of the colony that not only soldier ants but also worker ants will sacrifice their lives to help defeat an enemy.Behaving in this selfless and devoted manner, these little creatures have survived on Earth, for more than 140 million years, far longer than dinosaurs. Because they think as one, they have a collective (集体的) intelligence greater than you would expect from its individual parts.70. What does the underlined expression "take on" in Paragraph 3 mean?A. Accept.B. Employ.C. Play with.D. Fight against.Once when I was facing a decision that involved high risk, I went to a friend. He looked at me for a moment, and then wrote a sentence containing the best advice I’ve ever had: Be bold and brave — and mighty (强大的) forces will come to your aid.Those words made me see clearly that when I had fallen short in the past, it was seldom because I had tried and failed. It was usually because I had let fear of failure stop me from trying at all. On the other hand, whenever I had plunged into deep water, forced by courage or circumstance, I had always been able to swim until I got my feet on the ground again.Boldness means a decision to bite off more than you are sure you can eat. And there is nothing mysterious about the mighty forces. They are potential powers we possess: energy, skill, sound judgment, creative ideas — even physical strength greater than most of us realize.52. What is the implied meaning of the underlined part?A. Swallow more than you can digest.B. Act slightly above your abilities.C. Develop more mysterious powers.D. Learn to make creative decisions.“In the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldn’t get away from home far enough or fast enough to prove we could do it on our own,” says Christin e Crosby, publisher of Grand, a magazine for grandparents. “We now realize how importan t family is and how important it is to be near them, especially when you’re raising children.”27. What did Crosby say about people in the 1960s?A. They were unsure of themselves.B. They were eager to raise more children.C. They wanted to live away from their parents.D. They had little respect for their grandparents.Recently, an old milk box in the countryside I saw brought back my childhood memories. I took it home and planted it in the back porch （门廊）. Every so often my son’s friends will ask what it is. So I started stories of my boyhood, and of the milkman who brought us friendship along with his milk.59. Why did the author bring back home an old milk box?A. He missed the good old days.B. He wanted to tell interesting stories.C. He needed it for his milk bottles.D. He planted flowers in it.Encouraging this kind of thinking has a downside. I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking. Without fail one would declare, “But I’m just not creative.”27. What does the underlined word “downside” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A. Mistake.B. Drawback.C. Difficulty.D. Burden.Members go on the site and register the books they own and would like to share. BookCrossing provides an identification number to stick inside the book. Then the person leaves it in a public place, hoping that the book will have an adventure, traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it.30. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to ?A. The book.B. An adventure.C. A public place.D. The identification number.He was judged unfit to return to sea and took a shore job in Glasgow for the rest of the war. For as long as I can remember, he had a weak heart. Mother said it was caused by the torpedoes. He said it was because of the cigarettes.Whichever, he died suddenly in his early 50s.63.The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 6 refers to the father’s ____.A. weak heartB. taking a shore jobC. failure to return to seaD. injury caused by a torpedo…… Second, the quality of your relationships depends on the amount of time you invest （投入）in them. We invest a lot in a small number of people and then distribution what’s left among as many others as we can. The problem is that if we invest little time in a person, our engagement with that person will decline（减弱）until eventually it dies into “someone I once knew”.73. The underlined wo rd “engagement” in the second paragraph probably means “”.A. appointmentB. connectionC. interviewD. agreementThere are also varieties developed to suit specific local conditions. One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette, but you'll need a warm, sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it, so it's a pipe dream for most apple lovers who fall for it. What does the underlined phrase “a pipe dream” in Paragraph 3 mean?A. A practical idea.B. A vain hope. (白日梦)C. A brilliant plan.D. A selfish desire.“My friends said: ‘Now we believe your stories,’” Welty added. “And I said: ‘Now you know. These are the people that make me write them.’”The underlined word “them” in Paragraph 6 r efers to Welty's _______.A. readersB. partiesC. friendsD. stories高考英语阅读理解猜测词意参考答案1.If you have a juicer, you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit. Out comes a “soft-serve” creamy desse rt, to be eaten right away. This makes a fun activity for a children’s party; they love feeding the fru it and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below.What is “a juicer” in the last paragraph?A. A dessert.B. A drink.C. A container.D. A machine.解析：they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below.孩子们喜欢把水果和冷冻的香蕉放到机器的顶部，看着冰激凌出来，因此此处a juicer是机器。
2019届高考英语二轮复习阅读理解专题词义猜测题“根据上下文语境”猜测例举(6页,word版)
2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题词义猜测题“根据上下文语境”猜测例举[典例] (2018·全国卷Ⅰ阅读C节选)...Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation, the development of the nationstate and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over....29. Which of the following best explains “dominant” underlined in paragraph 2?A．Complex. B．Advanced.C．Powerful. D．Modern.[解析]选C根据选段第二句“I n recent centuries, trade ...dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.”可知，近几个世纪以来，人类社会发展的很多因素导致许多语言消失，而逐渐被英语、西班牙语和汉语等语言取代，这就暗示出这些语言是“占主导地位的”。
高三阅读专练--猜测词义专练(一)
高三阅读理解专练---词义猜测题（一）（1）(20,全国）According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake. And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions(份), it's the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the researchers conducted two experiments. In the first, 95 undergraduate women were individually invited into a lab to ostensibly (表面上) participate in a study about movie viewership. Before the film began, each woman was asked to help herself to a snack. An actor hired by the researchers grabbed her food first. In her natural state, the actor weighed 105 pounds. But in half the cases she wore a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds.Both the fat and thin versions of the actor took a large amount of food. The participants followed suit, taking more food than they normally would have. However, they took significantly more when the actor was thin.For the second test, in one case the thin actor took two pieces of candy from the snack bowls. In the other case, she took 30 pieces. The results were similar to the first test: the participants followed suit but took significantly more candy when the thin actor took 30 pieces.The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential when we're making decisions. If this fellow participant is going to eat more, so will I. Call it the “I’ll have what she's having” effect. However, we'll adjust the influence. If an overweight person is having a large portion, I'll hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits. But if a thin person eats a lot, I'll follow suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why can't I?1. What is the recent study mainly about?A. Food safety.B. Movie viewership.C. Consumer demand.D. Eating behavior.2. What does the underlined word “beanpoles” in paragraph 1 refer to?A. Big eaters.B. Overweight persons.C. Picky eaters.D. Tall thin persons.3. Why did the researchers hire the actor?A. To see how she would affect the participants.B. To test if the participants could recognize her.C. To find out what she would do in the two tests.D. To study why she could keep her weight down.4. On what basis do we “adjust the influence” according to the last paragraph?A. How hungry we are.B. How slim we want to be.C. How we perceive others.D. How we feel about the food.（2）（2020·江苏卷）CFor those who can stomach it, working out before breakfast may be more beneficial for health than eating first, according to a study of meal timing and physical activity.Athletes and scientists have long known that meal timing affects performance. However, far less hasbeen known about how meal timing and exercise might affect general health.To find out, British scientists conducted a study. They first found 10 overweight and inactive but otherwise healthy young men, whose lifestyles are, for better and worse, representative of those of most of us. They tested the men’s fitness and resting metabolic (新陈代谢的) rates and took samples of their blood and fat tissue.Then, on two separate morning visits to the scientists’ lab, each man walked for an hour at a n average speed that, in theory should allow his body to rely mainly on fat for fuel. Before one of these workouts, the men skipped breakfast, meaning that they exercised on a completely empty stomach after a long overnight fast (禁食). On the other occasion, they ate a rich morning meal about two hours before they started walking.Just before and an hour after each workout, the scientists took additional samples of the men’s blood and fat tissue.Then they compared the samples. There were considerable differences. Most obviously, the men displayed lower blood sugar levels at the start of their workouts when they had skipped breakfast than when they had eaten. As a result, they burned more fat during walks on an empty stomach than when they had eaten first. On the other hand, they burned slightly more calories (卡路里), on average, during the workout after breakfast than after fasting.But it was the effects deep within the fat cells that may have been the most significant, the researchers found. Multiple genes behaved differently, depending on whether someone had eaten or not before walking. Many of these genes produce proteins that can improve blood sugar regulation and insulin (胰岛素) levels throughout the body and so are associated with improved metabolic health. These genes were much more active when the men had fasted before exercise than when they had breakfasted.The implication of these results is that to gain the greatest health benefits from exercise, it may be wise to skip eating first.5. The underlined e xpression “stomach it” in Paragraph 1 most probably means “______”.A. digest the meal easilyB. manage without breakfastC. decide wisely what to eatD. eat whatever is offered6. Why were the 10 people chosen for the experiment?A. Their lifestyles were typical of ordinary people.B. Their lack of exercise led to overweight.C. They could walk at an average speed.D. They had slow metabolic rates.7. What happened to those who ate breakfast before exercise?A. They successfully lost weight.B. They consumed a bit more calories.C. They burned more fat on average.D. They displayed higher insulin levels.8. What could be learned from the research?A. A workout after breakfast improves gene performances.B. Too much workout often slows metabolic rates.C. Lifestyle is not as important as morning exercise.D. Physical exercise before breakfast is better for health.（3）（2019﹒新课标全国卷III，B）For Western designers, China and its rich culture have long been an inspiration for Western creative."It's no secret that China has always been a source of inspiration for designers," says Amanda Hill, chief creative officer at A+E Networks, a global media company and home to some of the biggest fashion shows.Earlier this year, the China Through A Looking Glass exhibition in New York exhibited 140 pieces of China-inspired fashionable clothing alongside Chinese works of art, with the aim of exploring the influence of Chinese aesthetics (美学) on Western fashion and how China has fueled the fashionable imagination for centuries. The exhibition had record attendance, showing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences."China is impossible to overlook," says Hill. "Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns that sell dreams to women all over the world, which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion — they are central to its movement. " Of course, not only are today's top Western designers being influenced by China--some of the best designers of contemporary fashion are themselves Chinese. “Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jason Wu are taking on Galiano, Albaz, Marc Jacobs---and beating them hands down in design and sales," adds Hill.For Hill, it is impossible not to talk about China as the leading player when discussing fashion. "The most famous designers are Chinese, so are the models, and so are the consumers," she says. "China is no longer just another market; in many senses it has become the market. If you talk about fashion today, you are talking about China---its influences, its direction, its breathtaking clothes, and how young designers and models are finally acknowledging that in many ways."9. What can we learn about the exhibition in New York?A. It promoted the sales of artworks.B. It attracted a large number of visitors.C. It showed ancient Chinese clothes.D. It aimed to introduce Chinese models.10. What does Hill say about Chinese women?A. They are setting the fashion.B. They start many fashion campaigns.C. They admire super models.D. They do business all over the world.11. What do the underlined words "taking on" in paragraph 4 mean?A. learning fromB. looking down onC. working withD. competing against12. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Young Models Selling Dreams to the WorldB. A Chinese Art Exhibition Held in New YorkC. Differences Between Eastern and Western AestheticsD. Chinese Culture Fueling International Fashion Trends(4)【2019·北京卷，D】By the end of the century, if not sooner, the world's oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to awarming climate, according to a new study.At the heart of the phenomenon lie tiny marine microorganisms (海洋微生物) called phytoplankton. Because of the way light reflects off the organisms, these phytoplankton create colourful patterns at the ocean surface. Ocean colour varies from green to blue, depending on the type and concentration of phytoplankton. Climate change will fuel the growth of phytoplankton in some areas, while reducing it in other spots, leading to changes in the ocean's appearance.Phytoplankton live at the ocean surface, where they pull carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) into the ocean while giving off oxygen. When these organisms die, they bury carbon in the deep ocean, an important process that helps to regulate the global climate. But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the ocean's warming trend. Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth, since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow, but also nutrients.Stephanie Dutkiewicz, a scientist in MIT's Center for Global Change Science, built a climate model that projects changes to the oceans throughout the century. In a world that warms up by 3℃, it found that multiple changes to the colour of the oceans would occur. The model projects that currently blue areas with little phytoplankton could become even bluer. But in some waters, such as those of the Arctic, a warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton, and these areas will turn greener. “Not only are the quantities of phytoplankton in the ocean changing. ”she said, “but the type of phytoplankton is changing. ”13. What are the first two paragraphs mainly about?A. The various patterns at the ocean surface.B. The cause of the changes in ocean colour.C. The way light reflects off marine organisms.D. The efforts to fuel the growth of phytoplankton.14. What does the underlined word“vulnerable”in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A. Sensitive.B. BeneficialC. SignificantD. Unnoticeable15. What can we learn from the passage?A. Phytoplankton play a declining role in the marine ecosystem.B. Dutkiewicz's model aims to project phytoplankton changesC. Phytoplankton have been used to control global climateD. Oceans with more phytoplankton may appear greener.16. What is the main purpose of the passage？A. To assess the consequences of ocean colour changesB. To analyse the composition of the ocean food chainC. To explain the effects of climate change on oceansD. To introduce a new method to study phytoplankton(5) (2019·江苏卷，B)In the 1960s, while studying the volcanic history of Yellowstone National Park, Bob Christiansen became puzzled about something that, oddly, had not troubled anyone before, he couldn't find the park's volcano. It had been known for a long time that Yellowstone was volcanic in nature — that's what accounted for all its hot springs and other steamy features. But Christiansen couldn't find the Yellowstone volcano anywhere.Most of us, when we talk about volcanoes, think of the classic cone (圆锥体) shapes of a Fuji orKilimanjaro, which are created when erupting magma (岩浆) piles up. These can form remarkably quickly. In 1943, a Mexican farmer was surprised to see smoke rising from a small part of his land. In one week he was the confused owner of a cone five hundred feet high. Within two years it had topped out at almost fourteen hundred feet and was more than half a mile across. Altogether there are some ten thousand of these volcanoes on Earth, all but a few hundred of them extinct. There is, however, a second less known type of volcano that doesn't involve mountain building. These are volcanoes so explosive that they burst open in a single big crack, leaving behind a vast hole, the caldera. Yellowstone obviously was of this second type, but Christiansen couldn't find the caldera anywhere.Just at this time NASA decided to test some new high-altitude cameras by taking photographs of Yellowstone. A thoughtful official passed on some of the copies to the park authorities on the assumption that they might make a nice blow-up for one of the visitors' centers. As soon as Christiansen saw the photos, he realized why he had failed to spot the caldera; almost the whole park---2.2 million acres—was caldera. The explosion had left a hole more than forty miles across—much too huge to be seen from anywhere at ground level. At some time in the past Yellowstone must have blown up with a violence far beyond the scale of anything known to humans.17. What puzzled Christiansen when he was studying Yellowstone？A. Its complicated geographical features.B. Its ever-lasting influence on tourism.C. The mysterious history of the park.D. The exact location of the volcano.18. What does the second paragraph mainly talk about？A. The shapes of volcanoes.B. The impacts of volcanoes.C. The activities of volcanoes.D. The heights of volcanoes.19. What does the underlined word "blow-up" in the last paragraph most probably mean？A. Hot-air balloon.B. Digital camera.C. Big photograph.D. Bird's view.(6)【2018·全国卷II，B】Many of us love July because it’s the month when nature’s berries and stone fruits are in abundance. These colourful and sweet jewels from British Columbia’s fields are little powerhouses of nutritional protection.Of the common berries, strawberries are highest in vitamin C, although, because of their seeds, raspberries contain a little more protein, iron and zinc (not that fruits have much protein). Blueberries are particularly high in antioxidants (抗氧化物质). The yellow and orange stone fruits such as peaches are high in the carotenoids we turn into vitamin A and which are antioxidants. As for cherries (樱桃), they are so delicious who cares? However, they are rich in vitamin C.When combined with berries of slices of other fruits, frozen bananas make an excellent base for thick, cooling fruit shakes and low fat “ice cream”. For this purpose, select ripe bananas for freezing as they are much sweeter. Remove the skin and place them in plastic bags or containers and freeze. If you like, a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them turning brown. Frozen bananas will lastseveral weeks, depending on their ripeness and the temperature of the freezer.If you have a juicer, you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit. Out comes a “soft-serve” creamy dessert, to be eaten right away. This makes a fun activity for a children’s party; they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below.20. What does the author seem to like about cherries?A. They contain protein.B. They are high in vitamin A.C. They have a pleasant taste.D. They are rich in antioxidants.21. Why is fresh lemon juice used in freezing bananas?A. To make them smell better.B. To keep their colour.C. To speed up their ripening.D. To improve their nutrition.22. What is “a juicer” in the last paragraph?A. A dessert.B. A drink.C. A container.D. A machine.23. From which is the text probably taken?A. A biology textbook.B. A health magazine.C. A research paper.D. A travel brochure.(7)【2018·江苏卷，B】In the 1760s, Mathurin Roze opened a series of shops that boasted (享有) a special meat soup called consommé. Although the main attraction was the soup, Roze's chain shops also set a new standard for dining out, which helped to establish Roze as the inventor of the modern restaurant.Today, scholars have generated large amounts of instructive research about restaurants. Take visual hints that influence what we eat: diners served themselves about 20 percent more pasta (意大利面食) when their plates matched their food. When a dark-colored cake was served on a black plate rather than a white one, customers recognized it as sweeter and more tasty.Lighting matters, too. When Berlin restaurant customers ate in darkness, they couldn't tell how much they'd had: those given extra-large shares ate more than everyone else, none the wiser—they didn’t feel fuller, and they were just as ready for dessert.Time is money, but that principle means different things for different types of restaurants. Unlike fast-food places, fine dining shops prefer customers to stay longer and spend. One way to encourage customers to stay and order that extra round: put on some Mozart(莫扎特).When classical, rather than pop, music was playing, diners spent more. Fast music hurried diners out.Particular scents also have an effect: diners who got the scent of lavender(薰衣草) stayed longer and spent more than those who smelled lemon, or no scent.Meanwhile, things that you might expect to discourage spending—"bad" tables, crowding, high prices — don't necessarily. Diners at bad tables — next to the kitchen door, say — spent nearly as much as others but soon fled. It can be concluded that restaurant keepers need not "be overly concerned about ‘bad’ tables," given that they're profitable. As for crowds, a Hong Kong study found that they increased a restaurant's reputation, suggesting great food at fair prices. And doubling a buffet's price led customers to say that its pizza was 11 percent tastier.24. The underlined phrase "none the wiser" in paragraph 3 most probably implies that the customerswere .A. not aware of eating more than usualB. not willing to share food with othersC. not conscious of the food qualityD. not fond of the food provided25. How could a fine dining shop make more profit?A. Playing classical music.B. Introducing lemon scent.C. Making the light brighter,D. Using plates of larger size.26. What does the last paragraph talk about?A. Tips to attract more customers.B. Problems restaurants are faced with.C. Ways to improve restaurants' reputation.D. Common misunderstandings about restaurants.阅读理解专练二---词义猜测题实战演练11. D D A C5. BA BD9. BADD13. BADC17. DAC20. CBDB24.AAD。
高考英语阅读专项练习-猜测词义题
一、猜测词义题1. 通过定义或释义猜测词义一般可通过定义、定语从句等来确定需要猜测的词的词义，这类词大多是专有名词、生僻词汇或短文中较为重要的词汇，为了让读者能够正确理解它们，作者会作出定义和解释性的说明。
The Jet d'Eau and the Flower Watch are the main attractions every year for the tourists visiting Geneva. The Jet d'Eau has become the symbol of Geneva for a long time. This is a 140 meters high water monument with a rich history. Eight 13,500-watt projects light the grand column（圆柱）of the fountain in the evening. From early March until the second Sunday of October...Question: The “Jet d'Eau” in the paragraph refers to ________.A. the water fountainB. the English GardenC. a new scene with electric lightingD. the name of a famous watchmaker2. 通过对比猜测词义作者通常用however, but, on the other hand, on the contrary, instead of, while等表示转折的词形成相互对比、相互对照的效果，考生可以根据这些词语推断所出现的需要猜测的词语的意思。
Now, here are some simple ways you can produce less waste at work. When you are at the copier, only make the copies you need.Use both sides of the paper when writing something less important. Turn off your lights when you leave. Use a lower watt bulb（灯泡）in your lamp. Drink your coffee or tea out of your mugs instead of single-use cups. Set up a recycling box for cans and one for bottles.Question: The underlined word “mugs” is most likely to be________.A. machines that makes coffeeB. containers that can be used again and againC. paper products for teaD. something that can only be found in an office3. 通过因果关系猜测词义考生可以通过分析事件的结果，推测出可能造成这种结果的原因；或者通过事物的原因，推测出其结果。
高考英语大二轮复习专题一阅读理解词义猜测题专练二__猜测指代类
词义猜测题专练(二)——猜测指代类A[2019·洛阳市第二次统考] There is more of a connection between food and culture than you may think. On an individual level, we grow up eating the food of our culture. It becomes a part of who we are. Many associate food from our childhood with warm feelings and good memories and it ties us to our families, holding a special and personal value for us. Food from our family often becomes the comfort food we seek as adults in times of frustration and stress.On a large scale, traditional food is an important part of culture. It also operates as an expression of culture identity. Immigrants bring it wherever they go, and it is a symbol of pride for their culture and means of coping with homesickness.Many immigrants open their own restaurants and serve traditional dishes. However, the food does not remain exactly the same. Some materials needed to make traditional dishes may not be readily available, so the taste and flavor can be different from what they would prepare in their home countries. Additionally, immigrants do not only sell dishes to people from the same countries as them, but to people from different countries. Therefore, they have to make small changes about the original dishes to cater to a wider range of customers. Those changes can create new flavors that still keep the cultural significance of the dishes.We should embrace our heritage (传统) through our culture's food but also become more informed about other cultures by trying their food. It is important to remember that each dish has a special place in the culture to which it belongs, and is special to those who prepare it. Food is a window into culture, and it should be treated as such.体裁：议论文题材：饮食文化主题：食物和文化之间的联系【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文，主要探讨了食物和文化之间的联系。
2019届高考英语二轮复习精准备考阅读理解-词义猜测二
高考专题阅读理解---词义猜测二1、The Nazca Lines are a series of large ancient geoglyphs (地画) in the Nazca Desert, in southern Peru. It is ranging from geometric patterns to drawings of different animals and stylized human-like forms. The ancient lines can only be truly taken in from high in the air, leaving generations puzzled as to how these precise works could have been completed long before the documented invention of human flight.The Lines were first spotted when commercial airlines began flying across the Peruvian desert in the 1920s. Who built them and what was their purpose? Are they roads, star pointers,maybe even a gigantic map? If the people who lived here 2,000 years ago had only a simple technology, how did they manage to construct such precise figures? Did they have a plan? These markings are like a vast puzzle.The Nazca Lines are the most outstanding group of geoglyphs in the world. There are also huge geoglyphs in Egypt, Malta, United States (Mississippi and California), Chile, Holivia and in other countries. But the Nazca geoglyphs, because of their numbers, characteristics, dimensions and cultural continuity as they were made and remade throughout a certain historyperiod, form the most impressive archeological (考古学的) group.The Nazca plain is unique for its ability to preserve the markings upon it, due to thecombination of the climate (one of the driest on Earth, with only twenty minutes of rainfallper year) and the flat, stony ground which minimizes the effect of the wind at ground level.With no dust or sand to cover the plain and little rain or wind to erode (腐蚀) it, lines drawnhere tend to stay drawn. These factors, combined with the existence of lighter-colored subsoilbeneath the desert surface, provide a vast writing pad that is suited to the artist who wants to leave his mark eternal.1.What can we know about the Nazca Lines from the first two paragraphs?A.They were built as a big map.B.They were formed by nature.C.They are ancient lines in caves.D.They are huge markings in a desert.2.How many factors make the Nazca Lines the most impressive?A.Two.B.One.C.Four.D.Three.3.Why are the Nazca Lines well preserved?A.Because of the wind at ground level.B.Because of the existence of soft soil.C.Because of the climate and geography.D.Because of the thick sand on the top.4.What does the underlined word “eternal” probably mean?A.Non-stop.B.Ever-lasting.C.Real-life.D.High-end.2、 In fairy tales, it's usually the princess that needs protecting. At Google in Silicon Valley, the princess is the one defending the castle. Parisa Tabriz is a 31-year-old with perhaps the most unique job title in engineering- most unique job title in engineering- “Google Security Princess”. Her job is to hack into the “Google Security Princess”. Her job is to hack into the most popular web browser (浏览器) on the planet, trying to find weaknesses in the system before the “black hats” do. To defeat Google's attackers, Tabriz must firstly think like them. Tabriz's role has evolved dramatically in the eight years since she first started working at Google. Back then, the young graduate from Illinois University was one of 50 security engineers---today there are over 500.Cybercrime (网络犯罪) has come a long way in the past decade - from the Nigerian Prince Scam to credit card theft. Tabriz's biggest concern now is the people who find bugs inGoogle's software, and sell the information to governments or criminals. To fight against this, the company has set up a Vulnerability Rewards Program, paying anywhere from $100 to $ 20,000 for reported mistakes.It's a world away from Tabriz's computer-free childhood home in Chicago. The daughter of an Iranian-American doctor father, and Polish-American nurse mother, Tabriz had little contact with computers until she started studying engineering at college. Gaze across a line-up of Google security staff today and you'll find women like Tabriz are few and far between(稀少的) ---though in the last few years she has hired more female tech geniuses. She admits there's an obvious gender disequilibrium in Silicon Valley.Funnily enough, during training sessions Tabriz first asks new colleagues to hack into not a computer, but a vending machine. Tabriz's job is as much about technological know-how (专门知识) as understanding the psychology of attackers.1.What can we learn about Tabriz from the passage?A.She was the first female engineer at Google.B.She must think differently so as to defeat the attackers.C.Her job relates to not only technology but also psychology.D.Her frequent contact with computers in childhood benefits her a lot.2.Why has Google set up a Vulnerability Rewards Program?A.To protect Google against cybercrime.B.To monitor the normal operation of Google.C.To help the government locate the cybercriminals.D.To raise people's awareness of personal information safety.3.What does the underlined w 3.What does the underlined word “disequilibrium” in Paragraph 4 refer to?ord “disequilibrium” in Paragraph 4 refer to?A.Imbalance.B.Preference.C.Difference.D.Discrimination.4.Which of the following could be the best title of this passage?A.What leads to cybercrimeB.The "Security Princess" who guards GoogleC.Measures taken by Google to protect its usersD.How to become an excellent security engineer3、Proudly reading my words, I glanced around the room, only to find my classmatesbearing big smiles on their faces and tears in their eyes. Confused, I glanced toward mystone-faced teacher. Having no choice, I slowly raised the report I had read carefully, hopingto hide myself. "What could be causing everyone to act this way?”Quickly, I flashed back to the day Miss Lancelot gave me the task. This was the first realtask I received in my new school. lt seemed simple: go on the Internet and find information about a man named George Washington.Since my idea of history came from an ancient teacher in my home country, I had never heard of that name before.As I searched the name ofthis fellow, it became evident that there were two people bearing the same name who lookedcompletely different! One invented hundreds of uses for peanuts, while the other led some sort of army across America.I stared at the screen, wondering which one my teacher meant.I called my grandfather for a golden piece of advice: flip(掷) a coin. Heads- thecommander,and tails ——the peanuts guy.Ah! Tails,my report would be about the great man commander,and tailswho invented peanut butter, George Washington Carver.Weeks later, standing before this unfriendly class, I was totally lost. Oh well, I lowered thepaper and sat down at my desk, burning to find out what I had done wrong. As a classmatebegan his report, it all became clear,“My report is on George Washington, the man who started the American Revolution.” The whole world became quiet! How could I know that she meant that George Washington?Obviously, my grade was awful.Heartbroken but fearless,I decided to turn this around. Italked to Miss Lancelot, but she insisted: No re-dos; no new grade. I felt that the punishmentwas not fair, and I believed I deserved a second chance. Consequently, I threw myself heartilyinto my work for the rest of the school year. Ten months later, that chance unfolded as I foundmyself sitting in the headmaster's office with my grandfather, now having an entirely differentconversation. I smiled and flashed back to the embarrassing moment at the beginning of the year as the headmaster informed me of my opinion to skip the sixth grade. Justice is sweet!1.What did the author’s classmates think about his report?A.Controversial.B.Ridiculous.C.Boring.D.Puzzling.2.Why was the author confused about the task?A.He was unfamiliar with American history.B.He followed the advice and flipped a coin.C.He forgot his teacher’s instructions.D.He was not familiar with the new school.3.The underlined word "burning" in Para.3 probably means ________.A.annoyedB.ashamedC.readyD.eager4.In the end, the author turned things around __________.A.by redoing his taskB.through his own effortsC.with the help of his grandfatherD.under the guidance of his headmaster4、One of India’s top engineering schools has restricted Internet access in its boarding houses, saying addiction to surfing, gaming and bl saying addiction to surfing, gaming and blogging was affecting students’ performance, ogging was affecting students’ performance, making them lonely and even suicidal.Authorities at the best Indian Institute of Technology( IIT) in Mumbai said students had stopped socializing and many were late for morning classes or slept through them stopped socializing and many were late for morning classes or slept through them. “Now, a . “Now, a student doesn’t even know who lives two doors away from him because he is so busy on the Internet,” said Prakash Gopalan, dean of Student Affairs. “The old dormitory culture of companionship and socializing among students is gone. This is not hea companionship and socializing among students is gone. This is not healthy in our opinion.”lthy in our opinion.”lthy in our opinion.” IIT-Mumbai, with about 5,000 students, is one of the seven IITs across India which are considered to be among the finest engineering schools in the world. They are also a talent pool for global technology giants. But their hard courses, tough competition and lonelycampus lifestyle have taken an effect on students. Depressive and dysfunctional lifestyles areknown to be common among IIT students, and at least nine have committed suicide in the past five years. Students have unlimited free Internet access in their boarding houses to help them in their studies, but many also use it to surf, chat, download movies and music, blog and for gaming.“Starting Monday, Internet access will be banned between 11 p.m. and 12:30 p.m. at “Starting Monday, Internet access will be banned between 11 p.m. and 12:30 p.m. atIIT-IIT-Mumbai’s 13 boarding buildings to encourage students to sleep early and to try and force Mumbai’s 13 boarding buildings to encourage students to sleep early and to try and force them out of their shells.” Gopalan said. But the move has not gone down well with students who say they hate their lives being regulated. “Now they will say we need t who say they hate their lives being regulated. “Now they will say we need to listen to a o listen to a lullaby (摇篮曲) to go to sleep.” said Rajiv, an electronics student.1.According to the text, the students addicted to the Internet in IIT-Mumbai are likely to ______.A.perform well in studiesB.participate in social activitiesC.know their classmates betterD.feel lonely and even suicidal2.The underlined word “2.The underlined word “dysfunctional dysfunctional dysfunctional” in Paragraph 3 most probably means “______”.” in Paragraph 3 most probably means “______”.A.unpopularB.meaningfulC.abnormalD.exciting3.What measures have been taken in IIT-Mumbai?A.Students must go to bed before 11 p.m.B.Students are forbidden to surf the Internet on campus.C.Students have unlimited free Internet access in their dormitories.D.Internet access is unavailable in deep night in boarding buildings.4.We may infer from the last paragraph that ______.A.all electronics students hate the banning orderB.some students complain about the banning orderC.there is no Internet access on the IIT campus ever sinceD.more students prefer listening to music to surfing the Internet5、 Salvador Dali (1904-1989) was one of the most popular of modern artists. ThePompidou Centre in Paris is showing its respect and admiration for the artist and his powerful personality with an exhibition bringing together over 200 paintings, sculptures, drawings and more. Among the works and masterworks on exhibition the visitor will find the best pieces, most importantly The Persistence of Memory . There is also L’Enigme sans Fin from 1938, works on paper, objects, and projects for stage and screen and selected parts from television programmes reflecting the artist’s showman qualities.The visitor will enter the World of Dali through an egg and is met with the beginning, the world of birth. The exhibition follows a path of time and subject with the visitor exiting through the brain.The exhibition shows how Dali draws the viewer between two infinities(无限).“From the infinity small to the infinity large, contraction and expansion coming in and out of focus: amazing Flemish accuracy and the showy Baroque of old painting that he used in his museum-museum-theatre in Figueras,” explains the Pompidou Centre.theatre in Figueras,” explains the Pompidou Centre.The fine selection of the major works was done in close collaboration(合作) with the Museo Nacional Reina Sofia in Madrid, Spain, and with contributions from other institutions like the Salvador Dali Museum in St. Petersburg, Florida.1.Which of the following best describe Dali according to Paragraph 1?A.Optimistic.B.Productive.C.Generous.D.Traditional.2.What is Dali’s The Persistence of Memory considered to be?A.One of his masterworks.B.A successful screen adaptation.C.An artistic creation for the stage.D.One of the beat TV programmes.3.How are the exhibits arranged at the World of Dali?A.By popularity.B.By importance.C.By size and shape.D.By time and subject.4.What doe 4.What does the word “contributions” in the last paragraph refer to?s the word “contributions” in the last paragraph refer to?A.Artworks.B.Projects.C.Donations.D.Documents.6、Why College Is Not HomeThe college years are supposed to be a time for important growth in autonomy(自主性) and the development of adult identity. However, now they are becoming an extended period of adolescence, during which many of today’s students and are not shouldered with adult responsibilities.For previous generations, college was decisive break from parental control; guidance and support needed help from people of the same age and from within. In the past two decades, however, continued connection with and dependence on family, thanks to cellphones, email and social media, have increased significantly. Some parents go so far as to help with coursework. Instead of promoting the idea of college as a passage from the shelter of the family to autonomy and adult responsibility, universities have given in to the idea that they should provide the same environment as that of the home.To prepare for increased autonomy and responsibility, college needs to be a time of exploration and experimentation. This process involves “trying on” new ways of thinking about oneself both intellectually(在思维方面) and personally. While we should provide “sa fe spaces” within colleges, we must also make it safe to express opinions and challenge majority views. Intellectual growth and flexibility are fostered on debate and questioning.Learning to deal with the social world is equally important. Because a collegecommunity(群体) differs from the family, many students will struggle to find a sense of belonging. If students rely on administrators to regulate their social behavior and thinking pattern, they are not facing the challenge of finding an identity within a larger and complexcommunity.Moreover, the tendency for universities to monitor and shape student behavior runs up against another characteristic of young adults: the response to being controlled by their elders. If acceptable social behavior is too strictly defined(规定) and controlled, the insensitive or aggressive behavior that administrators are seeking to minimize may actually be encouraged. It is not surprising that young people are likely to burst out, particularly when there are reasons to do so. Our generation once joined hands and stood firm at times of national emergency. What is lacking today is the conflict between adolescent’s desire for autonomy and their understanding of an unsafe world. Therefore, there is the desire for their dorms to be replacement homes and not places to experience intellectual growth.Every college discussion about community values, social climate and behavior should include recognition of the developmental importance of student autonomy and self-regulation, of the necessary tension between safety and self-discovery.1.What’s the author’s attitude toward continued parental guidance to college students?A.SympatheticB.DisapprovingC.SupportiveD.Neutral2.The underlined word “2.The underlined word “passage passage passage” in Paragraph 2 mea ” in Paragraph 2 mea ” in Paragraph 2 means ______. ns ______.A.changeB.choiceC.textD.extension3.According to the author, what role should college play?A.to develop a shared identity among studentsB.to define and regulate students’ social behaviorC.To provide a safe world without tension for studentsD.To foster students’ intellectual and personal development4.Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage?I:Introduction P:Point Sp:Sub-point (次要点)C:ConclusionA.B.C.D.7、After years of heated debate, gray wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park. Fourteen wolves were caught in Canada and transported to the park. By last year, the Yellowstone wolf population had grown to more than 170 wolves.Gray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the continental United States, but they were gradually displaced by human development. By the1920s, wolves had practically disappeared from the Yellowstone area. They went farther north into the deep forests of Canada, where there were fewer humans around.The disappearance of the wolves had many unexpected results. Deer and elkpopulations populations——major food sources (来源) for the wolf ) for the wolf––grew rapidly. These animals consumed large amounts of vegetation (植被), which reduced plant diversity in the park. In the absence of wolves, coyote populations also grew quickly. The coyotes killed a large percentage of the park’ s red foxes, and completely drove away the park’ s beavers.As early as 1966, biologists asked the government to consider reintroducing wolves to Yellowstone Park. They hoped that wolves would be able to control the elk and coyote problems. Many farmers opposed the plan because they feared that wolves would kill their farm animals or pets.The government spent nearly 30 years coming up with a plan to reintroduce the wolvers. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service carefully monitors and manages the wolf packs in Yellowstone. Today, the debate continues over how well the gray wolf is fitting in atYellowstone. Elk, deer, and coyote populations are down, while beavers and red foxes have made a comeback. The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment to help biologists decide whether to reintroduce wolves to other parts of the country as well.1.What is the text mainly about?A.Wildlife research in the United States.B.Plant diversity in the Yellowstone area.C.The conflict between farmers and gray wolves.D.The reintroduction of wolves to Yellowstone Park.2.What does the underlined word “displaced” in paragr 2.What does the underlined word “displaced” in paragraph 2 mean? aph 2 mean?A.Tested.B.Separated.C.Forced out.D.Tracked down.3.What did the disappearance of gray wolves bring about?A.Damage to local ecology.B.A decline in the park’s income.C.Preservation of vegetation.D.An increase in the variety of animals.4.4.What is the author’s attitude towards the Yellowstone wolf project?What is the author’s attitude towards the Yellowstone wolf project?A.Doubtful.B.Positive.C.Disapproving.D.Uncaring.8、 Steven Stein likes to follow garbage trucks. His strange habit makes sense when you consider that he’s an environmental scienti consider that he’s an environmental scientist who studies how to reduce litter, including st who studies how to reduce litter, including things that fall off garbage trucks as they drive down the road. What is even more interesting is that one of Stein's jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bag.Americans use more than 100 billion thin film plastic bags every year. So many end up in tree branches or along highways that a growing number of cities do not allow them at checkouts(收银台) . The bags are prohibited in some 90 cities in California, including Los Angeles. Eyeing these headwinds, plastic-bag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume.Among the bag makers' argument: many cities with bans still allow shoppers to purchase paper bags, which are easily recycled but require more energy to produce and transport. And while plastic bags may be ugly to look at, they represent a small percentage of all garbage on the ground today.The industry has also taken aim at the product that has appeared as its replacement: reusable shopping bags. The stronger a reusable bag is, the longer its life and the more plastic-bag use it cancels out. However, longer-lasting reusable bags often require moreenergy to make. One study found that a cotton bag must be used at least 131 times to be better for the planet than plastic.Environmentalists don't dispute(质疑) these points. They hope paper bags will be banned someday too and want shoppers to use the same reusable bags for years.1.What has Steven Stein been hired to do?A.Help increase grocery sales.B.Recycle the waste material.C.Stop things falling off trucks.D.Argue for the use of plastic bags.2.What does the word “headwinds”in paragraph 2 refer to?A.Bans on plastic bags.B.Effects of city development.C.Headaches caused by garbage.D.Plastic bags hung in trees.3.What is a disadvantage of reusable bags according to plastic-bag makers?A.They are quite expensive.B.Replacing them can be difficult.C.They are less strong than plastic bags.D.Producing them requires more energy.4.What is the best title for the text?A.Plastic, Paper or NeitherB.Industry, Pollution and EnvironmentC.Recycle or Throw AwayD.Garbage Collection and Waste Control答案以及解析答案以及解析1答案及解析：答案及解析：答案：1.D; 2.C; 3.C; 4.B解析：1.做出判断推理。
2019届高考英语二轮复习精准备考阅读理解-词义猜测二
高考专题阅读理解---词义猜测二1、The Nazca Lines are a series of large ancient geoglyphs (地画) in the Nazca Desert, in southern Peru. It is ranging from geometric patterns to drawings of different animals and stylized human-like forms. The ancient lines can only be truly taken in from high in the air, leaving generations puzzled as to how these precise works could have been completed long before the documented invention of human flight.The Lines were first spotted when commercial airlines began flying across the Peruvian desert in the 1920s. Who built them and what was their purpose? Are they roads, star pointers,maybe even a gigantic map? If the people who lived here 2,000 years ago had only a simple technology, how did they manage to construct such precise figures? Did they have a plan? These markings are like a vast puzzle.The Nazca Lines are the most outstanding group of geoglyphs in the world. There are also huge geoglyphs in Egypt, Malta, United States (Mississippi and California), Chile, Holivia and in other countries. But the Nazca geoglyphs, because of their numbers, characteristics, dimensions and cultural continuity as they were made and remade throughout a certain history period, form the most impressive archeological (考古学的) group.The Nazca plain is unique for its ability to preserve the markings upon it, due to the combination of the climate (one of the driest on Earth, with only twenty minutes of rainfall per year) and the flat, stony ground which minimizes the effect of the wind at ground level. With no dust or sand to cover the plain and little rain or wind to erode (腐蚀) it, lines drawn here tend to stay drawn. These factors, combined with the existence of lighter-colored subsoil beneath the desert surface, provide a vast writing pad that is suited to the artist who wants to leave his mark eternal.1.What can we know about the Nazca Lines from the first two paragraphs?A.They were built as a big map.B.They were formed by nature.C.They are ancient lines in caves.D.They are huge markings in a desert.2.How many factors make the Nazca Lines the most impressive?A.Two.B.One.C.Four.D.Three.3.Why are the Nazca Lines well preserved?A.Because of the wind at ground level.B.Because of the existence of soft soil.C.Because of the climate and geography.D.Because of the thick sand on the top.4.What does the underlined word “eternal” probably mean?A.Non-stop.B.Ever-lasting.C.Real-life.D.High-end.2、 In fairy tales, it's usually the princess that needs protecting. At Google in Silicon Valley, the princess is the one defending the castle. Parisa Tabriz is a 31-year-old with perhaps the most unique job title in engineering- “Google Security Princess”. Her job is to hack into the most popular web browser (浏览器) on the planet, trying to find weaknesses in the system before the “black hats” do. To defeat Google's attackers, Tabriz must firstly think like them. Tabriz's role has evolved dramatically in the eight years since she first started working at Google. Back then, the young graduate from Illinois University was one of 50 security engineers---today there are over 500.Cybercrime (网络犯罪) has come a long way in the past decade - from the Nigerian Prince Scam to credit card theft. Tabriz's biggest concern now is the people who find bugs in Google's software, and sell the information to governments or criminals. To fight against this, the company has set up a Vulnerability Rewards Program, paying anywhere from $100 to $ 20,000 for reported mistakes.It's a world away from Tabriz's computer-free childhood home in Chicago. The daughter of an Iranian-American doctor father, and Polish-American nurse mother, Tabriz had little contact with computers until she started studying engineering at college. Gaze across aline-up of Google security staff today and you'll find women like Tabriz are few and far between(稀少的) ---though in the last few years she has hired more female tech geniuses. She admits there's an obvious gender disequilibrium in Silicon Valley.Funnily enough, during training sessions Tabriz first asks new colleagues to hack into not a computer, but a vending machine. Tabriz's job is as much about technological know-how (专门知识) as understanding the psychology of attackers.1.What can we learn about Tabriz from the passage?A.She was the first female engineer at Google.B.She must think differently so as to defeat the attackers.C.Her job relates to not only technology but also psychology.D.Her frequent contact with computers in childhood benefits her a lot.2.Why has Google set up a Vulnerability Rewards Program?A.To protect Google against cybercrime.B.To monitor the normal operation of Google.C.To help the government locate the cybercriminals.D.To raise people's awareness of personal information safety.3.What does the underlined w ord “disequilibrium” in Paragraph 4 refer to?A.Imbalance.B.Preference.C.Difference.D.Discrimination.4.Which of the following could be the best title of this passage?A.What leads to cybercrimeB.The "Security Princess" who guards GoogleC.Measures taken by Google to protect its usersD.How to become an excellent security engineer3、Proudly reading my words, I glanced around the room, only to find my classmates bearing big smiles on their faces and tears in their eyes. Confused, I glanced toward my stone-faced teacher. Having no choice, I slowly raised the report I had read carefully, hoping to hide myself. "What could be causing everyone to act this way?”Quickly, I flashed back to the day Miss Lancelot gave me the task. This was the first real task I received in my new school. lt seemed simple: go on the Internet and find information about a man named George Washington.Since my idea of history came from an ancient teacher in my home country, I had never heard of that name before.As I searched the name of this fellow, it became evident that there were two people bearing the same name who looked completely different! One invented hundreds of uses for peanuts, while the other led some sort of army across America.I stared at the screen, wondering which one my teacher meant.I called my grandfather for a golden piece of advice: flip(掷) a coin. Heads- the commander,and tails —the peanuts guy.Ah! Tails,my report would be about the great man who invented peanut butter, George Washington Carver.Weeks later, standing before this unfriendly class, I was totally lost. Oh well, I lowered the paper and sat down at my desk, burning to find out what I had done wrong. As a classmate began his report, it all became clear,“My report is on George Washington, the man who started the American Revolution.” The whole world became quiet! How could I know that she meant that George Washington?Obviously, my grade was awful.Heartbroken but fearless,I decided to turn this around. I talked to Miss Lancelot, but she insisted: No re-dos; no new grade. I felt that the punishment was not fair, and I believed I deserved a second chance. Consequently, I threw myself heartily into my work for the rest of the school year. Ten months later, that chance unfolded as I found myself sitting in the headmaster's office with my grandfather, now having an entirely different conversation. I smiled and flashed back to the embarrassing moment at the beginning of the year as the headmaster informed me of my opinion to skip the sixth grade. Justice is sweet!1.What did the author’s classmates think about his report?A.Controversial.B.Ridiculous.C.Boring.D.Puzzling.2.Why was the author confused about the task?A.He was unfamiliar with American history.B.He followed the advice and flipped a coin.C.He forgot his teacher’s instructions.D.He was not familiar with the new school.3.The underlined word "burning" in Para.3 probably means ________.A.annoyedB.ashamedC.readyD.eager4.In the end, the author turned things around __________.A.by redoing his taskB.through his own effortsC.with the help of his grandfatherD.under the guidance of his headmaster4、One of India’s top engineering schools has restricted Internet access in its boarding houses, saying addiction to surfing, gaming and bl ogging was affecting students’ performance, making them lonely and even suicidal.Authorities at the best Indian Institute of Technology( IIT) in Mumbai said students had stopped socializing and many were late for morning classes or slept through them. “Now, a student doesn’t even know who lives two doors away from him because he is so busy on the Internet,” said Prakash Gopalan, dean of Student Affairs. “The old dormitory culture of companionship and socializing among students is gone. This is not hea lthy in our opinion.”IIT-Mumbai, with about 5,000 students, is one of the seven IITs across India which are considered to be among the finest engineering schools in the world. They are also a talent pool for global technology giants. But their hard courses, tough competition and lonely campus lifestyle have taken an effect on students. Depressive and dysfunctional lifestyles areknown to be common among IIT students, and at least nine have committed suicide in the past five years. Students have unlimited free Internet access in their boarding houses to help them in their studies, but many also use it to surf, chat, download movies and music, blog and for gaming.“Starting Monday, Internet access will be banned between 11 p.m. and 12:30 p.m. atIIT-Mumbai’s 13 boarding buildings to encourage students to sleep early and to try and force them out of their shells.” Gopalan said. But the move has not gone down well with students who say they hate their lives being regulated. “Now they will say we need t o listen to a lullaby (摇篮曲) to go to sleep.” said Rajiv, an electronics student.1.According to the text, the students addicted to the Internet in IIT-Mumbai are likely to______.A.perform well in studiesB.participate in social activitiesC.know their classmates betterD.feel lonely and even suicidal2.The underlined word “dysfunctional” in Paragraph 3 most probably means “______”.A.unpopularB.meaningfulC.abnormalD.exciting3.What measures have been taken in IIT-Mumbai?A.Students must go to bed before 11 p.m.B.Students are forbidden to surf the Internet on campus.C.Students have unlimited free Internet access in their dormitories.D.Internet access is unavailable in deep night in boarding buildings.4.We may infer from the last paragraph that ______.A.all electronics students hate the banning orderB.some students complain about the banning orderC.there is no Internet access on the IIT campus ever sinceD.more students prefer listening to music to surfing the Internet5、Salvador Dali (1904-1989) was one of the most popular of modern artists. The Pompidou Centre in Paris is showing its respect and admiration for the artist and his powerful personality with an exhibition bringing together over 200 paintings, sculptures, drawings and more. Among the works and masterworks on exhibition the visitor will find the best pieces, most importantly The Persistence of Memory. There is also L’Enigme sans Fin from 1938, works on paper, objects, and projects for stage and screen and selected parts from television programmes reflecting the artist’s showman qualities.The visitor will enter the World of Dali through an egg and is met with the beginning, the world of birth. The exhibition follows a path of time and subject with the visitor exiting through the brain.The exhibition shows how Dali draws the viewer between two infinities(无限).“From the infinity small to the infinity large, contraction and expansion coming in and out of focus: amazing Flemish accuracy and the showy Baroque of old painting that he used in his museum-theatre in Figueras,” explains the Pompidou Centre.The fine selection of the major works was done in close collaboration(合作) with the Museo Nacional Reina Sofia in Madrid, Spain, and with contributions from other institutions like the Salvador Dali Museum in St. Petersburg, Florida.1.Which of the following best describe Dali according to Paragraph 1?A.Optimistic.B.Productive.C.Generous.D.Traditional.2.What is Dali’s The Persistence of Memory considered to be?A.One of his masterworks.B.A successful screen adaptation.C.An artistic creation for the stage.D.One of the beat TV programmes.3.How are the exhibits arranged at the World of Dali?A.By popularity.B.By importance.C.By size and shape.D.By time and subject.4.What doe s the word “contributions” in the last paragraph refer to?A.Artworks.B.Projects.C.Donations.D.Documents.6、Why College Is Not HomeThe college years are supposed to be a time for important growth in autonomy(自主性) and the development of adult identity. However, now they are becoming an extended period of adolescence, during which many of today’s students and are not shouldered with adult responsibilities.For previous generations, college was decisive break from parental control; guidance and support needed help from people of the same age and from within. In the past two decades, however, continued connection with and dependence on family, thanks to cellphones, email and social media, have increased significantly. Some parents go so far as to help with coursework. Instead of promoting the idea of college as a passage from the shelter of the family to autonomy and adult responsibility, universities have given in to the idea that they should provide the same environment as that of the home.To prepare for increased autonomy and responsibility, college needs to be a time of exploration and experimentation. This process involves “trying on” new ways of thinking about oneself both intellectually(在思维方面) and personally. While we should provide “sa fe spaces” within colleges, we must also make it safe to express opinions and challenge majority views. Intellectual growth and flexibility are fostered on debate and questioning.Learning to deal with the social world is equally important. Because a college community(群体) differs from the family, many students will struggle to find a sense of belonging. If students rely on administrators to regulate their social behavior and thinking pattern, they are not facing the challenge of finding an identity within a larger and complexMoreover, the tendency for universities to monitor and shape student behavior runs up against another characteristic of young adults: the response to being controlled by their elders. If acceptable social behavior is too strictly defined(规定) and controlled, the insensitive or aggressive behavior that administrators are seeking to minimize may actually be encouraged.It is not surprising that young people are likely to burst out, particularly when there are reasons to do so. Our generation once joined hands and stood firm at times of national emergency. What is lacking today is the conflict between adolescent’s desire for autonomy and their understanding of an unsafe world. Therefore, there is the desire for their dorms to be replacement homes and not places to experience intellectual growth.Every college discussion about community values, social climate and behavior should include recognition of the developmental importance of student autonomy and self-regulation, of the necessary tension between safety and self-discovery.1.What’s the author’s attitude toward continued parental guidance to college students?A.SympatheticB.DisapprovingC.SupportiveD.Neutral2.The underlined word “passage” in Paragraph 2 mea ns ______.A.changeB.choiceC.textD.extension3.According to the author, what role should college play?A.to develop a shared identity among studentsB.to define and regulate students’ social behaviorC.To provide a safe world without tension for studentsD.To foster students’ intellectual and personal development4.Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage?I:Introduction P:Point Sp:Sub-point (次要点)A.B.C.D.7、After years of heated debate, gray wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park. Fourteen wolves were caught in Canada and transported to the park. By last year, the Yellowstone wolf population had grown to more than 170 wolves.Gray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the continental United States, but they were gradually displaced by human development. By the1920s, wolves had practically disappeared from the Yellowstone area. They went farther north into the deep forests of Canada, where there were fewer humans around.The disappearance of the wolves had many unexpected results. Deer and elk populations—major food sources (来源) for the wolf–grew rapidly. These animals consumed large amounts of vegetation (植被), which reduced plant diversity in the park. In the absence of wolves, coyote populations also grew quickly. The coyotes killed a large percentage of the park’ s red foxes, and completely drove away the park’ s beavers.As early as 1966, biologists asked the government to consider reintroducing wolves to Yellowstone Park. They hoped that wolves would be able to control the elk and coyote problems. Many farmers opposed the plan because they feared that wolves would kill their farm animals or pets.The government spent nearly 30 years coming up with a plan to reintroduce the wolvers. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service carefully monitors and manages the wolf packs in Yellowstone. Today, the debate continues over how well the gray wolf is fitting in at Yellowstone. Elk, deer, and coyote populations are down, while beavers and red foxes have made a comeback. The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment to help biologists decide whether to reintroduce wolves to other parts of the country as well.1.What is the text mainly about?A.Wildlife research in the United States.B.Plant diversity in the Yellowstone area.C.The conflict between farmers and gray wolves.D.The reintroduction of wolves to Yellowstone Park.2.What does the underlined word “displaced” in paragr aph 2 mean?A.Tested.B.Separated.C.Forced out.D.Tracked down.3.What did the disappearance of gray wolves bring about?A.Damage to local ecology.B.A decline in the park’s income.C.Preservation of vegetation.D.An increase in the variety of animals.4.What is the author’s attitude towards the Yellowstone wolf project?A.Doubtful.B.Positive.C.Disapproving.D.Uncaring.8、Steven Stein likes to follow garbage trucks. His strange habit makes sense when you consider that he’s an environmental scienti st who studies how to reduce litter, including things that fall off garbage trucks as they drive down the road. What is even more interesting is that one of Stein's jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bag.Americans use more than 100 billion thin film plastic bags every year. So many end up in tree branches or along highways that a growing number of cities do not allow them at checkouts(收银台) . The bags are prohibited in some 90 cities in California, including Los Angeles. Eyeing these headwinds, plastic-bag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume.Among the bag makers' argument: many cities with bans still allow shoppers to purchase paper bags, which are easily recycled but require more energy to produce and transport. And while plastic bags may be ugly to look at, they represent a small percentage of all garbage on the ground today.The industry has also taken aim at the product that has appeared as its replacement: reusable shopping bags. The stronger a reusable bag is, the longer its life and the more plastic-bag use it cancels out. However, longer-lasting reusable bags often require more energy to make. One study found that a cotton bag must be used at least 131 times to be better for the planet than plastic.Environmentalists don't dispute(质疑) these points. They hope paper bags will be banned someday too and want shoppers to use the same reusable bags for years.1.What has Steven Stein been hired to do?A.Help increase grocery sales.B.Recycle the waste material.C.Stop things falling off trucks.D.Argue for the use of plastic bags.2.What does the word “headwinds”in paragraph 2 refer to?A.Bans on plastic bags.B.Effects of city development.C.Headaches caused by garbage.D.Plastic bags hung in trees.3.What is a disadvantage of reusable bags according to plastic-bag makers?A.They are quite expensive.B.Replacing them can be difficult.C.They are less strong than plastic bags.D.Producing them requires more energy.4.What is the best title for the text?A.Plastic, Paper or NeitherB.Industry, Pollution and EnvironmentC.Recycle or Throw AwayD.Garbage Collection and Waste Control答案以及解析1答案及解析：答案：1.D; 2.C; 3.C; 4.B解析：1.做出判断推理。
2019高考英语阅读理解词义猜测试题及答案及解释
2019高考英语阅读理解词义猜测试题及答案及解释1、The Edinburgh International Film Festival, after 60 years as one of the city's cultural focuses in August, will move to June from next year. Artistic director Hannah McGill said the festival needed more breathing space.“There are huge advantages in having all these cultural events in one place and time,” she said. “But there is limited space. It’s like when a child has a birthday on Christmas Day —it all comes on top of each other.”Ms McGill said that the film festival wanted to use extra places to organize events and conferences which Edinburgh was too crowded to provide in August. She spoke of her difficulty, for example, being unable to hold an exhibition as part of the film festival because of limited space.However, Jon Morgan, the director of the Edinburgh Fringe Festival, deprecated the film festival s move which suggested the city was overburdened in August. “There are still hundreds of spaces that aren't used,and there is still room for it to expand,” he saidThe move to June made sense. It would allow more air between it and the London Film Festival, providing for more distinctive (有特色的)programming. “June will give us the breathing space to expand and create our own identity, allowing us to further develop our position as one of the world's most innovative(创新的) and challenging annual film events,” Ms McGill saidThe festival organisers thought that the move to June would not reduce audiences,saying film-lovers would visit Edinburgh in early summer. Ginnie Atkinson, the festival’s managing director, said, “Our audiences are very film-focused. Last year we asked in our market research if they would come if we were the only show in town and they said yes.”1.The passage intends to tell us that the Edinburgh International Film Festival ___________.A.needs improvingB.enjoys great successC.needs more breathing spaceD.will move to “quieter” June2.The underlined sentence in the second paragraph suggests that _______.A.having two important events in one place and time has many advantagesB.having two important events in one place and time will cause pressureC.wonderful things always go hand in handD.having a birthday on Christmas Day is a lucky thing3.The underlined word “deprecated” in Paragraph 4 pr obably means __________.A.disagreed toB.approved ofC.supportedD.held4.We can infer from the passage that ________.A.the move to June will affect the number of people who visit EdinburghB.the festival is one of the world s most innovative and challenging annual film eventsC.the festival has been one of Edinburgh's cultural focuses for 60 yearsD.it is generally believed that August is a busy month to the cultural circles in Edinburgh2、Stonehenge, the world-famous circle of stone columns may 12. have had a brother. A much bigger, older brother.University of Bradford researchers announced they had discovered about 100 stones covering several acres thought to have been built around 4,500 years ago. The Stonehenge Hidden Landscapes Project discovered the monument, which is near Durrington Walls, also known as “ superhenge”. Stonehenge, which is believed to have been completed 3,500 years ago, is about 2 miles away. "What we are starting to see is the largest surviving stone monument, preserved un derneath a bank, that has ever been discovered in Britain and possibly in Europe,” said Vince Gaffney.The evidence was found under 3 feet of earth. Some of the stones are thought to have stood 15 feet tall before they were toppled. "Our radar data have shown an amazing row of up to 90 standing stones, a number of which have survived after being pushed over, and a large bank placed over the stones," said professor Wolfgang Neubauer, director of the Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Archaeological Prospection and Virtual Archaeology.“ In the east,up to 30 stones ... have survived below,” he said. “The extraordinary scale and details of the evidence produced by the Stonehenge Hidden Landscapes Project, which the new discoveries at Durrington Walls, is changing fundamentally(根本上) our understanding of Stonehenge and the world around it," Neubauer added."Everything written before about the Stonehenge landscape and the ancient monuments within it will need to be rewritten,” said Paul Garwood, a scientist and lead historian on the project at the University of Birmingham. The findings were announced on the first day of the British Science Festival being held at the University of Bradford.1.It is believed that the superhenge is _________ earlier than the Stonehenge.A.1,000 yearsB.2,500 yearsC.3,500 yearsD.4,500 years2.What do researchers think of the superhenge?A.It is the biggest monument discovered in the world.B.It was built much later than the Stonehenge.C.It is the largest surviving stone monument found in England.D.It is better protected than the Stonehenge.3.What do the underlined word “toppled” most probably mean?A.Set up.B.Pushed down.C.Moved away.D.Brought up.4.What is the best title of the passage?A.The southern England has many historic sitesB.The British Science Festival will be held againC.Bigger Brother to Stonehenge has been discoveredD.The Project at the University of Birmingham3、If you are a fruit grower—or would like to become one—take advantage of Apple Day to see what’s around.It’s called Apple Day but in practice it’s more like Apple Month. The day itself is on October 21, but sinceit has caught on, events now spread out over most of October around Britain.Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see, and often taste, a wide variety of apples. To people who are used to the limited choice of apples such as Golden Delicious and Royal Gala in supermarkets, it can be quite an eye opener to see the range of classical apples still in existence, such as Decio which was grown by the Romans. Although it doesn’t taste of anything special, it’s still worth a try, as is the knobbly(多疙瘩的) Cat’s Head which is more of a curiosity than anything else.There are also varieties developed to suit specific local conditions. One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette, but you’ll need a warm, sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it, so it’s a pipe dream for most apple lovers who fall for it.At the events, you can meet expert growers and discuss which ones will best suit your conditions, and because these are family affairs, children are well catered for with apple-themed fun and games.Apple Days are being held at all sorts of places with an interest in fruit, including stately gardens and commercial orchards(果园).If you want to have a real orchard experience, try visiting the National FruitCollection at Brogdale, near Faversham in Kent.1.What can people do at the apple events?A.Attend experts’ lectures.B.Visit fruit-loving families.C.Plant fruit trees in an orchard.D.Taste many kinds of apples.2.What can we learn about Decio?A.It is a new variety.B.It has a strange look.C.It is rarely seen now.D.It has a special taste.3.What does the underlined phrase “a pipe dream” in Paragrap h 3 mean?A.A practical idea.B.A vain hope.C.A brilliant plan.D.A selfish desire.4.What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?A.To show how to grow apples.B.To introduce an apple festival.C.To help people select apples.D.To promote apple research.4、In the depths of the French Guianese rainforest, there still remain unusual groups of indigenous(土著的) people. Surprisingly, these people live largely by their own laws and their own social customs. And yet, people in this area are in fact French citizens because it has been a colony(殖民地) of the French Republic since 1946. In theory, they should live by the French law is often ignored or unknown, thus making them into an interesting area of “lawlessness” in the world.The lives of these people have finally been recorded thanks to the effects of a Frenchman form Paris called Gin. Gin spent five months in early 2015 exploring the most remote corners of this area, which sits on the edge of the Amazon rainforest, with half its population of only 250,000 living in its capital, Cayenne.“I have a special love for the French Guianese people. I have worked there on and off for almost ten years,” says Gin. “I’ve been able to keep firm friendships with them. Thus I have been allowed to gain access to theirliving environment. I don’t see it as a lawless land. But rather I see it as an area of freedom.”“I wanted to show the audience a photographic record touching upon the uncivilized life,” continues Gin. “I prefer to work in black and white, w hich allows me to show different specific worlds more clearly.”His black-and-white pictures present a world almost lost in time. These pictures show people seemingly pushed into a world that they were unprepared for. These local citizens now have to balance their traditionalself-supporting hunting lifestyle with the lifestyle offered by the modern French Republic, which brings with it not only necessary state welfare, but also alcoholism, betrayal and even suicide.1.Why does the author feel surprised about the indigenous people in French Guiana?A.They seldom follow the French law.B.They often ignore the Guianese law.C.They are separated from the modern world.D.They are both Guianese and French citizens.2.Gin introduced the special world of the indigenous Guianese as _________.A.a tour guideB.a geographerC.a film directorD.a photographer3.What is Gin’s attitude towards the lives of the indigenous Guianese?A.Cautious.B.Doubtful.C.Uninterested.D.Appreciative.4.What does the underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refer to?A.The modern French lifestyle.B.The self-supporting hunting.C.The uncivilized hunting.D.The French Republic.5、"Indeed," George Washington wrote in his diary in 1785, "some kind of fly, or bug, had begun to eat the leaves before I left home." But the father of America was not the father of bug. When Washington wrote that, Englishmen had been referring to insects as bugs for more than a century, and Americans had already created lightning-bug(萤火虫). But the English were soon to stop using the bugs in their language, leaving it to theAmericans to call a bug a bug in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.The American bug could also be a person, referring to someone who was crazy about a particular activity. Although fan became the usual term, sports fans used to be called racing bugs, baseball bugs, and the like.Or the bug could be a small machine or object, for example, a bug-shaped car. The bug could also be a burglar alarm, from which comes the expression to, bug, that is, "to install(安装) an alarm". Now it means a small piece of equipment that people use for listening secretly to others’ conversations. Since the 1840s, to bug has long meant "to cheat", and since the 1940s it has been annoying.We also know the bug as a flaw in a computer program or other design. That meaning dates back to the time of Thomas Edison. In 1878 he explained bugs as "little problems and difficulties" that required months of study and labor to overcome in developing a successful product. In 1889 it was recorded that Edison "had been up the two previous nights discovering 'a bug' in his invented record player."1.We learn from Paragraph 1 that .A.Americans had difficulty in learning to use the word bugB.George Washington was the first person to call an insect a bugC.the word bug was still popularly used in England in the nineteenth centuryD.both Englishmen and Americans used the word bug in the eighteenth century2.What does the word "flaw" in the last paragraph probably mean?A.ExplanationB.FindingC.OriginD.Fault3.The passage is mainly concerned with .A.the misunderstanding of the word bugB.the development of the word bugC.the public views of the word bugD.the special characteristics of the word bug6、Ask people in the UK what the words “Sunday roast” mean to them, and they’ll probably take you back to their grandmothers’ dining rooms –maybe with a few stories of “the greatest puddings” and “the best ever steak”. But now the traditional Sunday roast seems to have been left back in the old days. According to the Daily Mail, just one in 50 British families sits down to this weekly meal together.There are many reasons why the roast is becoming less popular. In the busy modern world, where breakfast is a slice of toast eaten on the way to work or school and lunch is a quick sandwich in front of the computer screen, people just don’t seem to have the time or patience to make a roast.And Sunday was once a day when people could easily go to the kitchen to cook. Nowadays, people are often out shopping or at the cinema until it’s far too late to start thinking about heating the oven(烤箱) up.However, a recent article from The Telegraph warned against being carried away by our tight schedules: “It would be a shame to let this fine old tradition disappear.”The Guardian further explained that the eating of the big meal is only the half of it .The Sunday roast also makes for relaxed morning activities in the kitchen, and the table becomes the perfect place to share good food and chat with family and friends. “For busy moms and dads, even if you can manage to turn off your mobile phone and the TV only once a week and turn the Sunday roast into a real family event, children can have fun cooking the food and clearing up together.”1.The best title for the passage is probably _____.A.Sunday—Best Time for FamilyB.Sunday Roast Dying OutC.It’s the Perfect Time for UsD.Let’s Sit Down Together2.Why do people pay less attention to Sunday roast?A.They have a busy lifestyle.B.They have no interest in cooking.C.They don’t think it worthwhile.D.They are living in the modern society.3.What does the underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refer to?A.A recent article.B.A traditional kitchen.C.The fine old tradition.D.Sunday morning activity.4.How does the author feel towards Sunday roast’s dying out?A.Doubtful.B.Positive.C.Sorry.D.Uncertain.答案以及解析1答案及解析：答案：1.D; 2.B; 3.A; 4.D解析：1.主旨大意题。
2019高考英语阅读理解专题-词义猜测类(含解析)
2019高考英语阅读理解专题-词义猜测类（含解析）一、阅读理解1.根据短文理解，选择正确答案。
Xinhua News—The Beijing government has set out to recruit thousands of university graduates to work as junior officials in rural areas to both improve rural administration and ease the city's employment problems.The government plans to recruit 3,000 university graduates this year, 1,000 more than last year, to work as assistants to village heads or party secretaries in suburban areas.People interested in jobs in Beijing's rural villages and towns can send applications to Beijing Municipal Bureau of Personnel or log on to from February 1 through March 15.“We hope university graduates will seize this opportunity to use their knowledge in rural villages and to start their careers,” Sun Zhenyu, the Deputy Director of Beijing Personnel Bureau, told Xinhua News Agency.The government has promised successful candidates a monthly salary of 2,000 Yuan in the first year, 2,500 Yuan the second year and 3,000 the third year, provided their performance is up to the required standards, Sun said.Wang Lina, who graduated from Beijing Union University last year, was one of the first graduates to find work in the city's countryside. After majoring in Industrial and Commercial Administration, Wang served as the assistant to the village head of Ertiaojie Village in suburban Beijing's Pinggu District. For one project, Wang contacted people at Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences and arranged for the local farmers to receive training in strawberry planting. Her efforts paid off. The village had a plentiful harvest of organic strawberries earlier this year.Nationwide, about 150,000 university graduates found employment in rural areas last year, according to the figures provided by the Ministry of Education.The ministry predicts that 4.95 million students will graduate from universities across the country this year, 820,000 more than last year. About 1.4 million of them are unlikely to find jobs when they graduate. In Beijing, a record of 200,000 people are expected to graduate from university this year. Less than half of them are expected to be offered jobs, according to Beijing Personnel Bureau.（1）From the story of Wang Lina we can learn that _________.A. Wang had great difficulty in helping villagers plant organic strawberriesB. local farmers can get big harvests if they work together with herC. the sooner you go to the countryside, the sooner you will be successfulD. university graduate can realize their value no matter where they work（2）The underlined word “recruit” in the first paragra ph probably means ________.A. forceB. employC. encourageD. train（3）The last two paragraphs seem to tell us that ________.A. it is not easy for graduates to find jobs nowadaysB. more and more graduates will work as junior officialsC. the universities should not enroll so many studentsD. there are more and more jobs provided by the Ministry of Education（4）Which of the following can be the best title for this passage?A. The Government's Help for University GraduatesB. A Good Choice for University GraduatesC. Job Hunting for University GraduatesD. What is the Best Career?2.阅读理解Nothing could stop Dad. After he was put on disability for a bad back, he bought a small farm in the country, just enough to grow food for the family. He planted vegetables, fruit trees and even kept bees for honey.And every week he cleaned Old Man McColgin's chicken house in exchange for manure(肥料). The smell really burned the inside of your nose. When we complained about the terrible smell, Dad said the stronger the manure, the healthier the crops, and he was right. For example, just one of his cantaloupes filled the entire house with its sweet smell, and the taste was even sweeter.As the vegetables started coming in, Dad threw himself into cooking. One day, armed with a basket of vegetables, he announced he was going to make stew(炖菜).Dad pulled out a pressure cooker and filled it up with cabbages, eggplants, potatoes, corns, onions and carrots. For about half an hour, the pressure built and the vegetables cooked. Finally, Dad turned off the stove, the pot began to cool and the pressure relief valve sprayed out a cloud of steam. If we thought Dad's pile of chicken manure was bad, this was 10 times worse. When Dad took off the lid, the smell nearly knocked us out.Dad carried the pot out and we opened doors and windows to air out the house. Just how bad was it? The neighbors came out of their houses to see if we had a gas leak!Determined, Dad filled our plates with steaming stew and passed them around. It didn't look that bad, and after the first wave had shut down my ability to smell, it didn't offend the nose so much, either. I took a taste. It would never win a prize in a cooking competition, but it was surprisingly edible, and we drank up every last drop of soup!（1）Why did Dad clean Old Man Mocolgin's chicken house regularly?A. To earn some money for the family.B. To collect manure for his crops.C. To get rid of the terrible smell.D. To set a good example to us.（2）What can we infer about Dad's stew?A. It is popular among the neighbors.B. It contains honey and vegetables.C. It looks very wonderful.D. It tastes quite delicious.（3）What does the underlined word “offend” in the last paragraph mean?A. To attract.B. To upset.C. To air.D. To shut.（4）What can we learn about Dad form the text?A. He is an experienced cook.B. He is a troublesome father.C. He has a positive attitude to life.D. He suffers a lot from his disability.3.阅读理解I've never been the kind of person to say, “it's the thought that counts” when it comes to gifts. That was until a couple of weeks ago, when my kids gave me a present that blew me away.For years now, I've been wanting to sell our home, the place where my husband and 1 raised our kids. But to me, this house is much more than just a building.In the front room, there's a wall that has hundreds of pencil lines, marking the progress of my children's growth.Every growth stage is marked in grey, with each child's name and the date they were measured. Of all the objects and all the memories, it's this one thing in a home that's the hardest to leave behind. Friends I know have returned home after work only to discover their wall of heights has been freshly painted over. A new paint job wouldn't normally be greeted by tears, but erasing that evidence of motherhood hurts more than it should. Our kids grow in so many ways, but the wall is physical evidence of their progress, right there for everyone to see.Over the years, I've talked about how much I would hate leaving that wall behind when I moved, even though the last marks were made 10 years ago when my kids stopped growing.So one day, while I was at work, my children decided to do something about it.They hired Jacquie Manning, a professional photographer whose work is about capturing (捕捉) the beautiful things in life, from clear lakes and skies to diamonds and ballgowns (舞会礼服). She came to our house while I was at work, and over several hours, took photos of the hundreds of drawings and lines, little grey fingerprints (手印), and old marks. Somehow, she managed to photograph all those years of memories perfectly. Afterwards, she put all the photos together into one image, transforming them into a beautiful history of my family.Three weeks later, my children's wonderful gift made its way to me—a life-size photo of the pencil lines and fingerprints that represents entire lifetimes of love and growth.（1）The underlined phrase in Para. I “blew me away" probably means “”.A. attracted meB. surprised meC. accepted meD. refused me （2）What does the house really mean to the author?A. A house.B. Buildings.C. An object.D. Memories. （3）What surprised the friends I know after work?A. Finding the wall repainted.B. Erasing the fingerprints.C. Greeting them by tears.D. Leaving the wall unfinished（4）What is the best title for the text?A. Gift Made with LoveB. Buildings Made by ChildrenC. A Very Wonderful PaintingD. A Family History4.阅读理解Nervous suspects locked up in Britain's newest police station may feel relieved by a pleasantyellow color on the door . If they are close to confessing（供认）a crime , the blue on the wall might tip the balance .Gwent Police have abandoned colors such as greys and browns of the 20th-century police cell （牢房）and have used color psychology to decorate them .Ystrad Mynach station , which recently opened at a cost of ￡5 million has four cells with glass doors for prisoners who suffer from claustrophobia（幽闭恐怖症）. Designers have painted the frames yellow , which researchers say is a calming color . Other cells contain a royal blue line because psychologists believe that the color is likely to encourage truthfulness .The station has 31 cells , including 12 with a “live scan” sys tem for drunken or disturbed prisoners , which detects the rise and fall of their chest . An alarm alerts officers if a prisoner's breathing stops and carries on ringing until the door is opened .Designers and psychologists have worked for years on color . Blue is said to suggest trust , efficiency , duty , logic , coolness , thinking and calm . It also suggests coldness and unfriendliness . It is thought that strong blues will stimulate clear thought and lighter , soft colors will calm the mind and aid concentration .Yellow is linked with confidence , self-respect and friendliness get the color wrong and it could cause fear , depression and anxiety , but the right yellow can lift spirits and self-respect .Ingrid Collins , a psychologist who specializes in the effects of color , said that color was an “ energy force ” . She said : “ Blue does enhance communication but I am not sure it would enhance truthful communication . ”Yellow , she said , affected the mind . Red , on the other hand , should never be considered because it could increase aggression . Mrs. Collins praised the designers for using colors in the cells . Gwent is not the first British force to experiment with color to calm down or persuade prisoners to co-operate , In the 1990s Strathclyde Police used pink in cells based on research carried out by the US Navy .（1）The expression “ tip the balance ” in Paragraph 1 probably indicates that the blue might __________ .A. let suspects keep their balanceB. help suspects to confess their crimesC. make suspects cold and unfriendly in law courtD. enable suspects to change their attitudes to colors（2）Which of the following helps alert officers if someone stops breathing ?A. Scanning equipment .B. Royal blue lines .C. Glass doors .D. Yellow frames . （3）The passage is mainly concerned with __________ .A. the relationship between colors and psychologyB. a comparison of different functions of colorsC. the use of colors in cells to affect criminals' psychologyD. scientific ways to help criminals reform themselves in prison5.阅读理解One afternoon I toured an art museum while waiting for my husband to finish a business meeting.I was looking forward to a quiet view of the art works.A young couple viewing the paintings ahead of me chatted nonstop between themselves.I watched them a moment and decided the wife was doing all the talk.I admired the husband's patience for putting up with her continuous talk.Distracted by their noise,I moved on.I met with them several times as I moved through the different rooms of art.Each time I heard her constant burst of words,I moved away quickly.I was standing at the counter of the museum gift shop making a purchase when the couple came near to the exit.Before they left,the man reached into his pocket and pulled out a white object.He extended it into a long stick and then tapped his way into the coatroom to get his wife's jacket.“He's a brave man.”The clerk at the counter said,”Most of us would give up if wewere blinded at such a young age.During his recovery he made a promise that his life wouldn't change. So, as before,he and his wife come in whenever there's a new art show.”“But what does he get out of the art?”I asked,“He can't see.”“Can't see?You're wrong.He sees a lot.More than you or I do.”The clerk said,“His wife describes each painting so he can see it in his head.”I learned something about patience,courage and love that day.I saw the patience of a young wife describing paintings to a person without sight and the courage of a husband who would not allow blindness to change his life.And I saw the love shared by two people as I watched this couple walk away hand in hand.（1）The young couple were at an art museum ________.A. to discuss paintingsB. to show their loveC. to appreciate artD. to describe paintings（2）“I moved away quickly.”in Paragraph 3 shows that the writer ________.A. was in the hope of visiting more roomsB. was in a hurry to buy some giftsC. was not interested in the art showD. was tired of the nonstop talking（3）We can infer from the passage that the husband _________.A. couldn't stand his wifeB. was not born blindC. knew nothing about artD. completely depended on his wife（4）After hearing what the clerk had said about the couple,the writer was ________.A. touched（感动的）B. excitedC. encouragedD. annoyed（气恼的）6.阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
2019年浙江高三英语二轮：阅读理解第四节 猜测词义类
猜测词义类
考点一 猜测词义类 【典例1】 Once I had a boy who worked experimentally with Tinkertoys in his free time.His constructions filled a shelf in the art classroom and a good part of his bedroom at home.I was delighted at the presence of such a student.Here was an exceptionally creative mind at work.His presence meant that I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class whose creativity would infect( 感 染 ) other students. Encouraging this kind of thinking has a downside.I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking.Without fail one would declare,“But I’m just not creative.”
tyrannies,one very powerful man ruling over helpless masses.
65.What does the underlined word“tyrannies”in Paragraph 2 refer
to? A.Countries where their people need help.
2019届高考英语二轮复习阅读理解专题训练：8 词语意义猜测(含解析)
专题一阅读理解训练8 词语意义猜测AYou use her as a shoulder to cry on.She texts you back with casual jokes.But she，Xiaoice，is only a virtual chatbot.Xiaoice，Microsoft's latest artificial intelligence robot，was briefly released in 2019，and returned to WeChat in 2019，where she_became_a_big_hit．Millions of young Chinese now exchange messages with her daily，The New York Times reported.On WeChat，Xiaoice is an official account.After following it，users can start text－based conversations with Xiaoice.“Xiaoice's incredible learning ability was why people loved to talk with her，”Liu Jinchang，a researcher at High－tech Research and Development Centre under the Ministry of Science and Technology，told China Daily.Apart from her ability to identify photos and send emojis (表情符号) in conversations，Xiaoice gains 45 percent of her knowledge from interacting with users，China Daily reported.Chatbot programmes first appeared in the mid－1960s in the US.Driven by top tech companies，they are becoming smarter and more common.For instance，IBM's latest artificial intelligence programme served as an academic consultant at Australia's Deakin University，answering students' questions about course schedules and financial aid.Apple's Siri and Amazon's Alexa have been used as voice assistants who can read news，play music and even make jokes for their users.These programmes are expected to move beyond smartphones，into televisions，cars and living rooms，The New York Times pointed out.However，it may take decades before scientists develop a “Samantha”，the advanced chatbot seen in the fiction film Her.In the film，Samantha sparks a romantic relationship with her user played by US actor Joaquin Phoenix.Many viewers are enthusiastic about this fantasy of virtual soul mate.【语篇解读】本文主要讲述了微软官方推出的一款人工智能机器人“微软小冰”，用户可以与它进行对话交流。
2019届高考英语二轮复习精准备考阅读理解-词义猜测一
高考专题阅读理解---词义猜测一1、In the mid-2000s, Waze Mobile co-founder Ehud Shabtai received a cutting-edge (尖端的) gift from girlfriend: a GPS. The expensive gift was supposed to be helpful. But straight out of the box, it was already out of date.Shabtai, a coding enthusiast, had an immediate reaction to reinvent. Shabtai’s solution? To build an app. With 80 million monthly active users globally and nearly 400,000 superusers who function much like Wikipedia volunteer editors (editing maps rather than words), Waze Mobile caught the eye of Google as a revolutionary approach to navigation (导航).Acquired by Google in 2013, Waze’s value mainly lies in its high rate of user involvement. Unlike traditional navigation apps that simply show directions, Waze asks its users to report accidents and other road conditions in real time, so other users can avoid the traffic by using an alternative route.The goal behind Waze’s approach is an ambitious one: not just avoid traffic, but end it altogether. Waze is finding new ways to put its loyal and active user base to use to make that vision a reality, including a plan to make carpooling (拼车) cool.To be sure, traffic jams are troubling people all over the world. Waze has been quietly ahead of the game for some time. In 2013, when Waze was just a small digital-mapping business with limited resources it had something Google Maps and other competitors didn’t: richer GPS guidance thanks to its stream of live traffic reports from users.These users were the basis of S habtai’s plan to solve for his GPS device’s “silent” hardware: he grounded the app in software that could be perpetually updated by users, anywhere and anytime.Waze Carpool is going straight to the heart of traffic jams, trying to get more drivers off the road and into carpools. The app has already connected tens of thousands of rideseekers with drivers willing to ferry them along a shared route, and that trend could be the answer to atraffic-free future.1.What did Shabtai do when he found his girlfr iend’s gift out of date?A.He improved it.B.He took it apart.C.He put it away.D.He used it anyway.2.What sets Waze Mobile apart from traditional navigation apps?A.It has the most users.B.It can indicate directions.C.It reports road conditions in real time.D.Most users help edit its words.3.What does the underlined word “perpetually” in paragraph 6 probably mean?A.Difficultly.B.Carefully.C.Greatly.D.Constantly.4.What is mainly talked about in the text?A.The rise of carpooling.B.An advanced navigation app.C.The development of Google.D.Traffic problems in the world.2、There is a very instructive incident involving the life of Alexander the Great, King of Greek. Alexander, after conquering many kingdoms, was returning home. On the way, he fell ill and it took him to his death bed. With death staring him in his face, Alexander realized his conquests, his great army, his sharp sword and all his wealth were of no consequence. So, he lay helplessly waiting to breathe his last. He called his genera ls and said, “I will depart from this world soon, and I have three wishes. Please carry them out without fail.”“My first desire is that,” said Alexander, “my physicians alone must carry my coffin.” After a pause, he continued, “Secondly, I desire that when my coffin is being carried to the grave, the path leading to the graveyard be strewn(撒满) with gold, silver and precious stones which I have collected.” The King continued, “My third and last wish is that both my hands should be kept hanging out of my coffin.” Alexander's favorite general kissed his hand and pressed them to hisheart. “Oh King, we assure you that your wishes will all be fulfilled. But tell us why do you make such strange wishes?”Alexander took a deep breath and said, “I would like the world to know of the three lessons I have just learnt. I want my physicians to carry my coffin because people should realize that no doctor can really cure any bodies. They are powerless and cannot save a person from the clutches of death. So let people not take life for granted.“The second wish of strewing gold, silver and other riches on the way to the graveyard is to tell people that not even a bit of gold will come with me. I spent all my life earning riches but cannot take anything with me. Let people realize that it is just a waste of time to chase wealth.“And about my third wish of having my hands hanging out of the coffin, I wish people to know that I came emptyhanded into this world and empty-handed out of this world.” With these word s, the King closed his eyes. Soon he let death conquer him and breathed his last.1.The first paragraph suggests that Alexander ________.A.was conquering many kingdomsB.realized that what he got in his life was nothing to him at allC.wanted to leave as he came empty-handedD.regarded his conquests, his great army, his sharp sword and all his wealth as the most important things2.The underlined word “clutches” in Paragraph 3 means “________”.A.sentenceB.attentionC.controlD.shadow3.The author intends to________.A.tell us the story of AlexanderB.introduce readers to the instructive lessons of AlexanderC.stress the power of Alexander the GreatD.persuade people to realize what Alexander said4.What would be the best title for the passage?A.The Death of AlexanderB.The Greed of AlexanderC.Three Wishes of AlexanderD.The Life of Alexander3、Do other countries’ students also have so much homework? What do they usually do in their free time? You may feel curious about them.On April 8, a report came out on the lives of high school students in China, Japan, South Korea and the US. It surveyed around 6,200 students from the four countries last year. You will find the answers to many of your questions in this report.Who studies hardest?Chinese students spend the most time studying. Nearly half of Chinese students spend more than two hours on their homework every day. That’s much more than the US (26.496), Japan (8.2%) and South Korea (5.2%).Who sleeps most often in class?Japanese students fall asleep in class most often. About 45% of them said they soon doze off in class. In South Korea, it’s 32%; in the US, 21%; and 5% in China.South Korean students don’t like taking notes. About 70% said they write down what the teacher says in class, many fewer than in Japan (93%), china (90%) and the US (89%).Who is the most distracted (走神)?American students are the most active in class, but also the most distracted: 64.2% said they chat with friends in class; 46.9% said they eat snacks in class; and 38.9% said they send e-mails or read unrelated books in class.What do they do after school?In their spare time, most Chinese students study or surf the Internet. Most American students hang out with their friends. Most Japanese students do physical exercise. Most Korean students watch TV.1.The report is about________.A.the countriesB.the subjectsC.the students’ livesD.the high schools2.What country isn’t mentioned in the report?A.The US.B.South Korea.C.Japan.D.India.3.______of the Chinese students spend more than two hours on their homework.A.26.4%B.8.2%C.5.2%D.48.6%4.The underlined phrase “doze off’ means_______.A.be half asleepB.get upC.eat snacksD.send emails4、Humans make mistakes.Even surgeons with years of experience are not infallible.But what if these doctors could pool their knowledge and experience together and create a surgical standard of care,to be carried out by machines?That's the idea behind surgical robots,which may soon perform most surgeries,from sewing up tiny wounds to performing heart procedures.Many of these operations are,in fact,already completed with the assistance of robots.But a recent test suggests that robots in the operating room may soon go a step further,performing on soft tissue completely on their own,from start to finish.The Smart Tissue Autonomous Robot(STAR),successfully completed surgeries on pigs."We're the first group to develop autonomous robotic surgery with soft-tissue surgery,and when compared to standard operation,it's better,"says Peter Kim,professor of surgery."The idea is not to replace surgeons;it will make the surgeons better and make the procedures safer."A recent Mayo Clinic study found that major surgical errors-including operating on the wrong site or side of the body,or even leaving tools or objects inside the patient-occur every one out of 22,000 procedures.That's rare,but robots like STAR would aim to lower the number even further.In the da Vinci surgical system,surgeons place their arms inside instruments and use their hands to control the movement of robotic tools on the operating table from afar.The robot's every major move is controlled by surgeons,and thus its results may vary based on the surgeon's training or experience.STAR,on the other hand,is entirely autonomous.It's not only able to work on its own and perform surgeries with a more flexible "hand",but it's able to react to the unexpected incidents.Cutting into hard tissue like bones is one thing,but operating on moving soft tissue is far more complex.STAR reacts to a changing environment,similar to how self-driving cars are programmed to not only drive on the highway,but also react to another driver making a mistake and getting in your way.1.The underlined word "infallible" in Paragraph 1probably means ______.A.quite smartB.really creativeC.rather responsibleD.always right2.We can learn from the passage that STAR ______.A.can perform the operation on its ownB.has been widely used in the operating roomC.can make surgeries much fasterD.will take the place of surgeons3.In the da Vinci surgical system, ______.A.robots are trained from afarB.robots always make mistakesC.surgery results depend on surgeonsD.surgeons have trouble controlling robots4.In the last paragraph,the author mentions self-driving cars in order to show ______.A.how smart an autonomous robot can beB.how difficult self-driving on the highway isC.how bad getting in another driver's way might beD.how dangerous operating on people is.5、On a February afternoon in a classroom, Taylor came face to face with a cow-but it was all in her head.A virtual(虚拟的)reality headset had transported her and her classmates to a farm 250 miles away and for them, the technology means field trips are no longer limited by a bus ride.On any given day, students nationwide walk through fields, dive into deep sea, and observe medical operations by using such headset. It's another way to attract the iPhone generation of students and improve their understanding and their grades.Richard Lamb is a scientist working at Buffalo Science Lab. In the lab, the physical effects of virtual reality become clear as participants experience motion (运动) sickness without moving. “Some of the research we’re do ing has shown that what you experience in virtual reality has very similar responses that you would get if you were doing the actual activity, ” Lamb said.It's unknown how many classrooms have or will adopt the technology, but experts say it's still r elatively rare. While individual headsets that require a user’s phone can cost as little as $20 or $30, systems and software for classes will cost thousands of dollars. Early complaints about a lack of good software are fading as more companies enter the market, but the rules for use haven't necessarily caught up with the technology.In New York, virtual lab experiments don’t count toward the state's hands-on lab time requirements. Even so, the sciences are an area where virtual reality holds particular promise for classrooms. “The biggest impediment is going to be the quality of that experience, and that means how closely it mimics (模仿) the physical world, ” said David Evans, a scientist. “ Doing dangerous things and running into a lot more cases repres ent a huge learning opportunity.”Lamb agreed. “Too often in schools, when we do things in labs, you mix things together and you get this outcome. And if you don't get that outcome, you did something wrong, but we don't have enough resources for you to redo it,” he said. “In virtual reality, all I do is on the computer. I don’t have to actually use chemicals.”1.What does a virtual reality headset really help the students do?A.Take some exercise.B.Perform an operation.C.Go for a bus ride.D.Have different experiences.2.The technology is rarely used in classrooms mainly because ________.A.students show little interest in itB.it's too expensive for users to afford itC.supporting software is inaccessible yetD.it's inconvenient to be operated by students3.Which word can replace the underlined word “impediment” in Paragraph 5?A.Opportunity.B.Difficulty.C.Surprise.D.Disappointment.4.Which of the following statements do both Lamb and Evans agree with?A.This technology can save students a lot of time.B.This technology is safe when used in experiments.C.This technology can enrich students' learning experiences.D.This technology can produce a better result in real life.6、Far from the land of Antarctica, a huge shelf of ice meets the ocean. At the underside of the shelf there lives a small fish, the Antarctic cod.For forty years scientists have been curious about that fish. How does it live where most fish would freeze to death? It must have some secret. The Antarctic is not a comfortable place to work and research has been slow. Now it seems we have an answer.Research was begun by cutting holes in the ice and catching the fish. Scientists studied the fish's blood and measured its freezing point.The fish were taken from seawater that had a temperature of -1.88℃and many tiny pieces of ice floating in it. The blood of the fish did not begin to freeze until its temperature was lowered to-2.05℃. That small difference is enough for the fish to live at the freezing temperature of theice-salt mixture.The scientists' next research job was clear: Find out what in the fish's blood kept it from freezing. Their search led to some really strange things made up of a protein (蛋白质) never before seen in the blood of a fish. When it was removed, the blood froze at seawater temperature. When it was put back, the blood again had its anti­freeze quality and a lowered freezing point.Study showed that it is an unusual kind of protein. It has many small sugar molecules (分子) held in special positions within each big protein molecule. Because of its sugar content, it is called a glycoprotein(糖蛋白). So it has come to be called the anti­freeze fish glycoprotein or AFGP.1.What is the text mainly about?A.The terrible conditions in the Antarctic.B.A special fish living in freezing waters.C.The ice shelf around Antarctica.D.Protection of the Antarctic cod.2.Why can the Antarctic cod live at the freezing temperature?A.The seawater has a temperature of -1.88℃.B.It loves to live in the ice-salt mixture.C.A special protein keeps it from freezing.D.Its blood has a temperature lower than -2.05℃.3.What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 5 refer to?A.A type of ice-salt mixture.B.A newly found protein.C.Fish blood.D.Sugar molecule.4.What do es “glyco” in the underlined word “glycoprotein” in the last paragraph mean?A.sugarB.iceC.bloodD.molecule7、Is dark chocolate healthy? Yes,dark chocolate has compounds(化合物) that offer health benefits and can be enjoyed without guilt, even on a daily basis. But the amount matters, since too many bites can contribute to extra fat, sugar and calories and get rid of its health benefits.Dark chocolate is rich in cocoa, which contains compounds known as flavanols(黄烷醇). At high levels, cocoa flavanols have been shown to help lower blood pressure and the risk of diabetes. Dark chocolate has the highest amount of cocoa flavanols: milk chocolate has lens, and white chocolate has none.But while cocoa flavanols in dark chocolate make it a healthful treat they give it a biter flavor. Producers may process chocolate to make it more delicious, but doing so can remove some of these beneficial compounds,said Matt Hartings, an American professor. In spite of this,dark chocolate is still a healthier choice than milk chocolate, which tends to have more sugar. Additionally, cocoa powder contains minerals. So you can enjoy a piece of dark chocolate even after a meal. Just keep the following in mind.First, buy chocolate that has at least 60% cocoa. "Generally speaking,the higher the percentage, the more flavanols. These higher-percentage chocolates have the added benefit over the lower percentages and milk and white chocolates because they contain less sugar and less fat,” Hartings said.Second, if possible, choose natural cocoa over Dutch processed cocoa, which is treated with an alkali(碱). This gives chocolate a milder flavor but removes healthful flavanols.And finally, to keep weight in check, limit to 30 grams of dark chocolate daily, or about 150 calories.1.Dark chocolate is healthy mainly because of the existence of _______.A.rich mineralsB.less sugarC.cocoa flavanolsD.fewer calories2.What does the underlined word “treat” in Paragraph 3 mean?A.Something enjoyable.B.A salt-free diet.C.Food paid by others.D.A cure for an illness.3.What can we learn from the text?A.Cocoa flavanols leads to high blood pressure.B.White chocolate is good for health.C.One can feel free to eat dark chocolate.D.Alkali can affect flavanols’ content.4.What’s the author’s purpose in writing the text?A.To show his love for dark chocolate..B.To promote the sales of chocolate.C.To provide facts about dark chocolate.D.To make a distinction among chocolates.8、Semi-retired advertising agency owner Stephen Thomas, 58 , has been investing on and off for the past 30 years. He made money in the.dotcom boom but got his fingers burned when the bubble burst in March 2000. When he got access to his pension he decided to start investing again, this time with the help of his son Sam.Now the two meet up most afternoons at Stephen’s home in Sandbach , Cheshire to talk about investments. The day starts at 7 am when Sam looks at company announcements online. These regulatory announcements can include a firm’s accounts , g eneral updates or news of mergers(合并) or acquisitions. Sam flags up companies that he thinks look interesting to his dad who then does some more research.Each has an ISA (Individual Savings Account) with AJ Bell , which they use to buy individual stocks and shares. It is a risky way to invest but the two like doing their own research on companies and Stephen makes an effort to go to investor presentations and try to meet the CEO and directors of the firms they invest in and to speak to other investors in the companies.They have invested in oil companies and pet care businesses , to name just a few. But while the investments of the two men are similar, they do have different approaches. While Sam likes to hold shares for the long term as he is saving money for his future retirement , Stephen likes to buy with any profits he makes.Sam says, “We do not argue because we have separate ISAs. It means finally we make our own decisions about which shares to invest in. The only time we might have a disagreement is when we both want to use the login for the news service at the same time.”1.What happened to Stephen in 2000?A.He had to retire from the agency.B.He gave away all his pensions.C.He got injured in an accident.D.He suffered a loss in his investment.2.What does the underlined words “flags up”in Paragraph 2 mean?A.Marks.B.Abandons.C.Takes over.D.Sets up.3.How did Stephen usually conduct his own research?A.By meeting clients and other investors.B.By predicting the trend of the market.C.By analyzing some research data.D.By doing ongoing interviews online.4.In what aspect do Sam and his father share in investment?A.The way to deal with the return.B.The percentage of the shares they hold.C.The enthusiasm for the investment.D.The approach to stock market research.答案以及解析1答案及解析：答案：1.A; 2.C; 3.D; 4.B解析：1.细节理解题。
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2019届高考英语二轮复习阅读理解词义猜测题专练（一）猜测词义类(2017·甘肃省第一次高考诊断试卷)In China, there are usually two reasons why people receive messages from friends and relatives from whom they haven't heard for a while. The first is about New Year greetings, which are always welcome. The second reason is often unpleasant, however; people are increasingly contacting longlost friends, or even casual acquaintances, and urging them to cast online votes for their children or grandchildren in competitions.The practice, which has been growing rapidly, has now reached the point where people are becoming tired and may even feel annoyed.The results of a recent survey conducted by the Jinhua Evening News in East China's Zhejiang Province show that 94 percent of 384 interviewees were once asked by friends or relatives to cast votes online for their children. The contests range from the “cutest baby” to dancing competitions, but in many cases the people receiving the messages haven't heard from the sender for a long time and have never met the child involved.Although the competitions may appear to be harmless fun, some education professionals are concerned that they could have a negative effect on children.Tang Sulan, a member of the CPPCC's National Committee (全国政协委员会), proposed a ban on online competitions featuring children to prevent future psychological issues. She was also concerned that public disclosure of a child's personal information and publication of photos cause a potential risk to the child's safety.Li Hongyan, the mother of an 11yearold girl and an 18monthold boy in Beijing, said she has never urged others to vote for her children. Although on the surface the children are competing among themselves via their parents' social networks, the competitions are also about parents seek ing a “sense of victory” for themselves, she said. “It feels as though parents are using their babies as tools to win glory for themselves, rather than truly respecting their kids' dignity and nature.” However, despite her dislike of the contests, she has twice voted for the babies of close friends because “it would be embarrassing to say no”．体裁：议论文题材：社会文化主题：网上拉票【语篇导读】本文介绍了最近社会上常见的一种现象，有些家长为了给孩子在网上拉票，可谓不择手段，甚至要求不常联系的朋友和不熟悉的朋友投票。
这种现象已让越来越多的人感到厌烦和恼怒。
文章通过《金华晚报》对这一现象的调查进行了分析。
1．What is the best title for the text?A．Receiving Messages: An Unhappy ExperienceB．To Say No: An Embarrassing ExperienceC．A Dilemma: Vote or NotD．Child's Safety and Casting Votes Online解析：C 主旨大意题。
纵观全文可知，一些专家提到这种现象会对孩子产生消极的影响，但最后一段谈到如果你拒绝朋友的投票要求，会非常尴尬。
因此，“投还是不投？”是一个进退两难的困境。
故选C项。
2．What does the underlined word “disclosure” in Paragraph 5 probably mean?A．Exposure. B．Concern.C．Reputation. D．Competition.解析：A 词义猜测题。
这里表达的意思是：一名政协委员担心公开曝光孩子的个人信息和照片会对孩子的安全造成潜在的风险。
根据词根closure(关闭；倒闭；暂时封闭)，再结合前缀dis(表示相反或否定)及语境可猜测出，disclosure意思是“透露的信息；披露”，与exposure“揭露；暴露”意义相近。
故选A项。
3．What can be inferred from Li Hongyan's words?A．Her children don't want to join in those online competitions.B．She urges people to vote for the babies of her close friends.C．She agrees to bring the children to their parents' social networks.D．She opposes the idea of parents seeking votes for children.解析：D 推理判断题。
根据文章最后一段第一句．.. never urged others to vote for her children.和最后一句However, despite her dislike of the contests...可知，李红艳反对父母给孩子拉选票这种现象。
故选D项。
B(2017·贵州省普通高等学校招生适应性考试)When I was in college, I spent a semester studying abroad at the University of Strathclyde in Glasgow, Scotland. In my brief time there, I came to love Scotland for its local culture, food and scenery.You might think, “Scotland isn't so different from the US; they still speak English there！” But when I stepped off the plane, I was greeted by a gruffvoiced (声音粗哑的) lady at customs. “You'll be coming from America, then？” She askedme, and I nodded. “But all of our guys are leaving Glasgow for the States！” He r thick Scottish English and sense of humor were obvious right away. I was not in the US any more, where customs agents never joke around.As I settled in at the university, I could feel myself getting used to hearing — and even speaking — the Scottish English of my customs agent. In classroom discussions, people would say “em” when they couldn't think of what to say instead of “um”， which was great fun. After the first few weeks, I stopped chuckling about this. Strathclyde students stayed up late into the night, running around campus and shouting, “Go! Lat's go, lat's go, lat's go (curse word) Glasgow！” Pretty soon, I was no longer saying “thanks” at the supermarket —instead, I said “cheers”．My Scottish friends drank whiskey and ate haggis (羊杂碎布丁). I drank plenty of whiskey but I was ashamed to admit that I wasn't brave enough to try haggis. Scottish bakeries usually sell bridies (肉馅饼). Add a cup of tea —though I usually Americanized it by choosing coffee instead — and a bridie makes for a delicious breakfast.Every time I took a train anywhere in Scotland, I'd gaze out at the rolling hills and wonder if grass was greener than anywhere else in the world. Then I'd reflect that there's a reason this country was the birthplace of golf.【解题导语】本文介绍了“我”在苏格兰学习期间的体验：居民友好，食物独特，景色优美，苏格兰英语与美式英语有区别。