过去完成时讲解与习题

过去完成时（had done）
表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。

（即过去的过去）
过去完成时用法：
１.表示某个时间以前发生的动作或存在的状态。

常用的时间状语：by/ by the end of + 过去的时间before + 过去的时间
By the time +句子到……为止
How many English words had you learned by the end of last month ?
Ｗe hadn’t seen each other before yesterday .
By the time we arrived at the party , most people had already left .
注意：
By the time the bus came , so many people were waiting there .
By the time he reached the top , he was out of breath .
２.在宾从和主从复合句中，如果从句动作发生在主句动作之前，从句用过去完成时
He told me that he had seen this film .
What he had said gave me much encouragement .
３.在状语从句中，主句动作和从句动作，后发生的动作用过去时，先发生的动作用过去完成时。

We hadn’t see the beginning of the film because we arrived there late .
He had left when I arrived there .
４.过去完成时可以表示从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。

She had worked for twelve hours by 8:00 tonight.
Tom had worked in the company for ten years before he came here .
５.用来表示未曾实现的愿望或打算。

hope , wish , plan , want , mean , intend , attempt suppose , think expect 用过去完成时表示未实现的愿望
Tom had hoped to see her again , but he couldn’t .
They had planned to go out for a walk , but it was raining .
I had expected to speak but time didn’t permit .
６.固定结构：
It / This / That was the first / second ……time that 主语+ 过去完成时
It / This / That was the 最高级+n that 主语+ 过去完成时
This was the first time I had come to Beijing .
It was the second time I had seen this film .
It was the most interesting book that I had read .
That was the most beautiful place that I had visited .
7 . hardly / scarcely ……when , no sooner ……than 表示一……就
I had hardly left the room when the telephone rang .
The sick baby had scarcely seen the nurse when she began to cry .
He had no sooner arrived than she devoted herself to her research.
练习题：
１.One morning , she told her children about a family she ______________(visit) the day before .
２.By about 6000 BC, people ______________( discover) the best crops to grown and animals to raise .
３.I ___________( hope) to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage , but I couldn’t manage it . ４.No sooner had she left my doorstep than I __________（have）emails from two women whose kids go to my son’s nursery and who recognized my face .
５.She asked me whether I＿＿＿＿＿＿（return）the books to the library , and I admitted I hadn’t . ６.Researchers were puzzled over the results , which were completely opposite to what they ________(expect)
７.Did you enjoy the party ?Yes. We ____________ ( treat) well by our hosts .
８.It was the first time that a serious problem _____________ (arise ) in their project , so they had to consult Professor Yang .
９.By the time he graduated from university , they boy ______________ (establish) the project with his partners.
１０.Jones got the idea after he ____________ (talk) with an elderly lady .
１１.He ___________ (hope) to spend the important day with us last Sunday , but he was too busy then . １２.I ____________ (ask) you not move my dictionary this morning – now can’t find it .
１３.The plane ________________( take) off when I got to the airport .
１４.Tom _______________ (read) a book when the lights went off .
１５.It is the most beautiful places that I＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿（visit）
１６.这是我第一次把钱捐给慈善机构。

It was the first time that _______________________________________________________
１７.他一进入办公室，就意识到他忘记把报告带过来了。

Hardly ______________________________________ the office when he realized that he had forgotten to bring his report .
１８.她一走上舞台，观众就爆发出雷鸣般的掌声。

No sooner ______________________ on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause .。