unit2职场英语textA原文及翻译

Aboard’s activities are determined by the powers, duties, and responsibilities delegated to it or conferred on it by anauthorityoutside itself.These matters are typically detailed in the organization’s bylaws.Thebylaws commonly also specify the number of members of the board, how they are to be chosen, and when they are to meet.
Unit 2 Company Structure
Text A Board of Directors, Chairman and CEO
Alargebusiness unit than an individual proprietorshibe a corporation.Who makes corporate decisions?
·Have overall responsibility for the company whichinvolvesengineering and controlling the company’s current growth in and future expansion into international markets.
The legal responsibilities of boards and board members vary withthenature of the organization, and with the jurisdiction withinwhich it operates.For public corporations, these responsibilities are typically much more rigorous and complex than for those ofothertypes.
通常情况下，董事会会选择其中一名成员担任董事会主席或主席，通常也称为董事长或主席。
Chairman
The chairman is the highestofficerofanorganized group such as a board, committee, or deliberative assembly.Achair leads the boardofdirectors,presidesover meetings, and leads the board to consensus from the disparate points of view if its members.Thechairisthepresiding director over the otherdirectorson the board and is expected to be fair, a good listener, and a good communicator.Directors have a high level of fiduciary responsibility for overseeing the operation of a corporation.The CEO is the head of the management committee and usually reports to the board, which is headed by the chair.
一个比个人独资或合伙企业更大的商业单位往往是一个公司。
使公司决策?
通常,占主导地位的人是总统或公司的总经理,这可使行政董事会主席——人,加上一个小董事会、执行或指导委员会将建议和批准的行动总统和副总统。
那么，董事会、董事长和首席执行官的具体角色是什么呢?
Board of Directors
Aboard of directors is a body of elected or appointed persons who jointly oversee the activities of a company or organization.Thebody sometimes has a different name, such as board of trustees, board of governors, board of managers, or executive board.It is often simply referred to as“the board.”
主席是有组织的团体的最高官员，如董事会、委员会或审议大会。
主席领导董事会，主持会议，并带领董事会从不同的观点达成一致，如果其成员。
主席是董事会中其他董事的首席董事，他应该是公正的，一个好的倾听者，一个好的沟通者。
董事对监督公司运作负有高度的信托责任。
首席执行官是管理委员会的负责人，通常会向董事会汇报，董事会由主席领导。
董事会是由选举或任命的人员组成，他们共同监督公司或组织的活动。
该机构有时有不同的名称，如董事会、理事会、理事会或执行董事会。
它通常被简单地称为“董事会”。
董事会的活动是由外部的权力、职责和职责所决定的。
这些事项通常在组织的章程中详细说明。
细则通常也规定了董事会成员的数目，如何选择他们，以及他们何时会面。
在有投票成员的组织中，例如专业协会，董事会代表并服从于组织的全体大会，而全体大会通常选择董事会成员。
在股份公司中，董事会由股东选举产生，是公司管理的最高权力机构。
在一个没有投票权的非棍棒公司，如大学，董事会是该机构的最高管理机构。
董事会和董事会成员的法律责任因组织的性质和其所处的管辖权而异。
对于上市公司来说，这些责任通常比其他类型的公司要严格和复杂得多。
·In addition, oversees all projects’development activities and related businesses of the company, generating significant financial returns for the shareholders and driving sustainable development.
Typically the board chooses one of its members to be the chair orchairpersonof the board of directors, traditionally also called chairman or chairwoman.
Chair of the Board---Types and Their Relation to the Company Management
In the case of companies and similarly-organized bodies, there are generally two types of Chair: Non-executive and Executive.
ExecutiveChairofBoard:
·A full-time officeholder who typically leads the board and also takes a hands-on role in the company’s day-to-day management.
·Help the CEO to oversee all the operational aspects involved in runningthecompany, which include project planning and development, delivery, retail and leasing, sales,market research and many other areas withintheirextensive scope.
In an organization with voting members, e.g., a professional society, the board acts on behalf of, and is subordinate to, the organization’s full assembly, which usually chooses the members of the board.In a stock corporation,theboard is elected by the stockholders and isthehighest authority in the management of the corporation.In anonstickcorporation with no general voting membership, e.g., a university, the board is the supreme governing body of the institution.
Non-executive ChairofBoard:
·A part-timeofficeholder who sits on and chairsthemain board of a company.
·Provides support and advice to a CEO.
·Thisposition usually entails fulfilling a similar function on a number of additional board committees, as well as being a political figurehead ofthecompany.
Typically,thedominant person will bethepresident or the managing director of the corporation, and this executive may be made the chairperson of the board of directors--- who, together with a small executive or steering committee of the board of directors, will advise and approvetheactions of the president and the many vice-presidents.Then, what aretheexact roles of board of director,chairmanand CEO?
The chairman often sets the style of leadership of the board which in turn filters down throughtheorganization.
In public companies,therole of the chairman of the board is distinct from that of the company’s CEO or managing director.This point has more recently been brought into focus after corporate governance shortcomings were observed in companies where the two roles are combined.It is believed that the separation of functions within the board of directors or in the structure of the supervisory board andmanagementboard would facilitate control over the workings of the company and increasetheaccountabilityofthe CEO or chair of the management board.