张汉熙《高级英语（1）》（第3版）学习指南【词汇短语+课文精解+全文翻译+练习答案】（Lesson

张汉熙《⾼级英语（1）》（第3版）学习指南【词汇短语+课⽂精解+全⽂翻译+练习答案】（Lesson
Lesson 14 Speech on Hitler’s Invasion of the U.S.S.R.
⼀、词汇短语
1. horde n. a large group or crowd; a swarm群，⼈群：hordes of people ⼤群⼈
2. Cabinet n. the politicians with important positions in a
government who meet to make decisions or advise the leader of the
government内阁
3. croquet n. a game played on grass in which players hit balls
with wooden mallets槌球游戏
4. luncheon n. a lunch, especially a formal one午宴，正式的午餐
5. Nazi n. a member of the National Socialist German Workers’
Party, founded in Germany in 1919 and brought to power in 1933 under Adolph Hitler纳粹分⼦
6. regime n. a government in power; administration当权政府，统
治：They are suffered under the new regime.他们遭受新政府的统治。

7. devoid adj. completely lacking; destitute or empty完全没有的，
缺乏的（of）：be devoid of common sense缺乏常识
8. excel vt. to do or be better than; surpass优于，超过：excel sb. in knowledge学识过⼈
9. ferocious adj. extremely savage; fierce极为野蛮的，残忍的；
凶猛的：ferocious animals凶猛的野兽
10. threshold n. the place or point of beginning; the outset
起点，开端：at the threshold of在……的开始
11. till vt. to prepare (land) for the raising of crops, as by plowing and
harrowing; cultivate耕作，耕耘：till the field耕耘⼀⽚⽥地
12. adj. extending back beyond memory or
record; ancient古⽼的，远古的，⽆法追忆的
13. wring vt. to obtain or extract by applying force or pressure迫取，强求，
榨取：The police had wrung the truth out of the recalcitrant witness.警察从
那个顽固的⽬击者⼝中逼出事情的真相。

14. primordial adj. primary or fundamental基本的，主要
的：play a primordial role担任主要⾓⾊
15. hideous adj. offensive to moral sensibilities; despicable可憎的，
骇⼈听闻的：The criminal had committed hideous crimes.这罪犯犯下了骇
⼈听闻的罪⾏。

16. onslaught n. a violent attack猛烈的攻击：The politician made
a violent onslaught on the unions.该政客猛烈抨击⼯会。

17. clank vi. to make a sharp, hard, metallic sound发出叮当声
18. dandify vt. to dress as or cause to resemble a dandy使像花
花公⼦，给……乔装改扮
19. dandified adj. (old-fashioned) (a man) wearing
fashionable clothes in a way that shows he cares too much about his
appearance打扮得华丽的，时髦的
20. crafty adj. good at getting what one wants by clever
planning and by secretly deceiving people狡猾的，诡计多端的：He admired
the old man for his crafty plan.他敬佩⽼者的神机妙算。

21. cow vt. to frighten with threats or a show of force恐吓：be cowed into submission被恐吓得屈服：The protesters had been cowed into submission by the police.抗议者被警察吓得屈服了。

22. docile adj. quiet and easily controlled温顺的，听话的：a docile
horse驯顺的马
23. brutish adj. crude in feeling or manner; brutal野蛮的，粗野的，
残忍的：The poor people lived in brutish conditions.穷苦的⼈⽣活在鄙陋的
环境中。

24. plod vi. to move or walk heavily or laboriously; trudge沉重缓慢地⾏⾛：The donkeys plodded wearily in a circle round a gin.驴⼦绕着轧棉机缓缓⾛动。

25. swarm n. a large number of insects or other small organisms, especially when in motion⼤群，⼤堆：swarms of stars繁星
26. locust n. an insect that lives mainly in Asia and Africa and
flies in a very large group, eating and destroying crops蝗⾍
27. smart vt. to suffer acutely, as from mental distress, wounded
feelings or remorse感到难受：No creature smarts so little as a fool.傻⽠是
受到精神上折磨最少的。

28. prey n. one that is defenseless, especially in the face of attack; a
victim牺牲者，掠⾷：a tiger stalking its prey⽼虎猎⾷
29. villainous adj. extremely wicked极坏的，恶劣的：a villainous
plot极坏的计谋
30. cataract n. a large or high waterfall洪⽔，⼤⾬；急流：His
words, like a cataract long damned, began pouring out他的话就像长时间
被截住的瀑布似的，开始倾泻。

31. concur vi. to be of the same opinion; agree同意：I concur with
the speaker in condemning what has been done.我同意发⾔者对所做的事
加以谴责。

32. irrevocable adj. cannot be changed or stopped不能取消
的，不能挽回的：irrevocable yesterday不能唤回的昨天
33. vestige n. a small part or amount of something that remains
when most of it no longer exists残迹，遗迹：vestiges of an ancient civilization古代⽂明的遗迹
34. parley n. a discussion in which enemies try to achieve peace s谈
判，会谈：Then he began to parley with me, said he would make me any reasonable satisfaction.然后他开始跟我谈判，说他很愿意答应我在合理范围之内的任何要求。

35. yoke n. a wooden bar used for joining two animals, esp. cattle,
together in order to pull a heavy load; (literary) something that restricts freedom and makes life hard or unpleasant轭，轭状物；套，束缚，⽀配
36. foe n. (literary) an enemy反对者，敌⼈，危害物
37. divergence n. a). the act of moving away in different
direction from a common point转变，偏离；b). a difference between conflicting facts or claims or opinions分歧
38. slacken v. to make or become less tense, taut, or firm; loosen使
松懈，使缓和：The tension in the board room finally slackened.董事会会议
室⾥的紧张⽓氛终于松弛了下来。

39. fortify vt. to strengthen and secure (a position) with
fortifications在……设要塞，在……建防御⼯事：fortify a city筑⼯事以巩固城
防
40. tyranny n. form of government in which the ruler is an absolute
dictator专制：emancipate the people from tyranny把⼈民从暴政中解放出
来
41. moralise vt. to improve the morals of; reform教论，教化；说教
42. catastrophe n. a terrible event in which there is a lot of
destruction, suffering, or death⼤灾难，⼤祸：an imminent catastrophe
or disaster⼤难临头
43. blood-lust n. a strong desire to kill or wound杀戮欲
44. lure n. & vt. to attract by wiles or temptation; entice引诱，诱惑：to lure
tiger out of mountain调虎离⼭
45. hurl vt. to throw with great force; fling投，掷：hurl a spear at向(野兽
等)投掷标枪
46. prelude n. something that serves as a preceding event or
introduces what follows序幕，前奏：This resolution was the prelude to
more drastic action.这项决议只是更激烈⾏为的前奏。

47. intervene vt. to come in or between so as to hinder or
alter an action⼲涉，⼲预：intervene in the internal affairs of other
countries⼲涉别国内政
48. subjugation n. bringing under control;
conquering镇压，平息：This is the way we must work to avoid national
subjugation.为了避免亡国，就⼀定要这样做。

49. hearth n. the floor of a fireplace; family life; the home壁炉地⾯；家庭⽣活，家庭
⼆、课⽂精解
1. Winston Churchill：温斯顿·丘吉尔（1874-1965），英国传记作家、历史学家、政治家。

1893年考⼊桑德斯特陆军军官，毕业成绩名列前茅，获军官资格。

1895年从军，曾参加英国在印度、苏丹和南⾮的殖民战争。

其间，在印度驻守的两年中，他还⼴泛阅读了历史、哲学、宗教和经济⽅⾯的著作。

同时，发表了报告⽂学《马拉坎德远征记》（1898）、《河上的战争》（1899）、《南⾮从军记》（1908）和⼩说《沙普罗拉》（1899）等，⼴受欢迎。

1899年，丘吉尔退伍参政，1900年当选为下议院议员。

1906年以⾃由党⾝份⾸次⼊阁担任殖民副⼤⾂，后出任商务⼤⾂、内政⼤⾂，第⼀次世界⼤战前⼣担任海军⼤⾂，。