专四听力讲义-2017-2016年真题

专四听力讲义-2017-2016年真题
专四听力讲义
Dictation
Learning Sympathy
A big part of being human is feeling sympathy,／but how early on in our lives do we learn this?/ Scientists find that babies respond to other people/ by crying when other babies cry. /However, babies can't distinguish between themselves and others /until they are eighteen to twenty months old. /Toddlers start to show concern for others around this time./ Kids also begin to do things like comforting other people./ And by the time they are three,/ most children will try to protect a victim in a fight./
Tips:
时态问题：一般现在时
并列句及标点问题
数字问题
易错单词：sympathy；distinguish; comforting；victim; Toddler；babies
T alk
Online Education
Introduction
●On line courses can bring the best quality education to people around the world for free. Components of online education
●no constraints of (1) __________
--content design for online courses
--short, modular units each discussing (2) __________
--different ways of dealing with the material
--a much more (3) __________
●providing students with
--(4) _______questions
--(5) _______ on the questions
●(6) ______ in different ways
--(7) _________forum
--median response time: 22 minutes
Benefits of online education
--education as a (8) __________
--enabling (9) __________
--making (10) __________
Conclusion
Online education will have a promising future.
Online Education
Good morning, everybody. In today’s lecture, we will talk about online education. You know in some parts of the world, it is not that easy for people to receive education. And even in the United Sates where education is available, it might not be within reach. Thus, online courses provided by those world famous universities can bring the best quality education to as many people as we could around the world, and for free.
First, let’s talk a little bit about some of the components that go into online ed ucation. (1) The first component is that when you move away from the constraints of a physical classroom and design content for an online format, you can break away from, for example, the one-hour lecture format. You can break up the material, for example, into short, modular units of 8 to 12 minutes, （2）and each of the short unit introduces a coherent concept. Students can deal with this material in different ways, depending on their background, their skills or
their interests. So, for example, some students might benefit from a little bit of preparatory material that other students might already have. Other students might be interested in a particular topic that they want to pursue individually. So this format allows students to break away from the one-size-fits-all model of education, （3）and allows students to follow a much more personalized curriculum. Second, and perhaps one of the biggest components of our online education is that we need to have students who practice with the material in order to re ally understand it. There’s been a range of studies that demonstrate the importance of this. A study in Science last year, for example, demonstrates that even simple retrieval practice, where students are just supposed to repeat what they already learned gives considerably improved results on various achievement tests.
（4）So we need to build in much more meaningful practice questions. （5）Now, fortunately, technology has helped us to provide the students with feedback on those questions. We can now grade a range of interesting types of homework online.
(6)The third component is what is called collaborative learning. Students could collaborate in different online courses in a variety of ways. (7) First of all, there was a
question and answer forum, where students could pose questions, and other students could answer these questions. And what is really amazing is that, because there were so many students, it means that even if a student posed a question at 3 o’clock in the morning, somewhere around the world, there would be somebody who was awake and working on the same problem, and he might answer that question. And so, in many of the online course, the median response time for a question on the question and answer forum was 22 minutes.
So in a word, if we wanted to offer top quality education to everyone around the world for free, what would that affect us?Three things. (8) First, it would establish education as a fundamental human right, where anyone around the world with the ability and the motivation could get the skills they need. (9) Second, it would enable lifelong learning. It’s a shame that for so many of us, learning stops when we finish high school or when we finish college. By making this amazing content available, we would be able to lea rn something new every time we wanted, whether it’s just to expand our minds or it’s to change our lives.
(10) And finally, this would make a wave of innovation possible, because amazing talent can be found everywhere.
To sum up today, we have talked about some features of online education and its benefits. We are sure that online education will have a promising future. In the next lecture, we are going to learn how online education has changed people around the world.
Conversation One
1.A. It has wiped the data from the flash drive.
B.It can't read data from the flash drive.
C.The files stored in it have got lost.
D.The files in it can't be opened.
2. A. Get a total refund.
B.Get a partial refund.
C.Get a new computer.
D.Get a new hard disk.
3.A. Indifferent. B. Surprised. C. Anxious. D. Dissatisfied.
4.A. By 8:30 tomorrow morning. B.After 8:30 tomorrow morning
C.At 8:30 this evening.
D.Anytime tomorrow.
5.A. 6574-3205. B.6547-2305. C.6457-2035. D.6475-3025.
Questions
1: What's wrong with the man's computer?
2: How will the man be compensated if the computer can't be fixed?
3: How did the man feel about the woman's offer of compensation?
4: When will the service engineer come to fix the computer?
5: What is the man's phone number?
原文Conversation One
W: Good afternoon, this is BES customers service line, Maggie is speaking. How can I help you? M : Yeah, yeah. Look, it’s about the computer I’ve bought off you one month ag o.
W: Yes, what seems to be the problem?
M : Well, I was transferring my files to it from my flash drive and they got lost, everything.
W: Ok, now don’t worry; I am sure we can sort something out. First, can you give me a few details? The computer has lost all your data you’re saying?
M: Yes, (1)but you don’t understand it has wiped everything of the flash drive as well. My whole life! My whole life was in those files.
W: Oh my goodness. Are you sure? Sounds like a problem is with your flash drive.
M : Of c ourse not. There’s nothing wrong with my flash drive. I’ve had it for years. And I used it yesterday in my office in another computer.
W: OK. I can understand how upset you must be. Now I don’t think we can deal with it on the phone. So I’m going to
send a service engineer to see if they can retrieve your data. Can you give me your product reference number?
M : Eh… yes, it’s …here it is.It’s RF40-101.
W: Thank you.
M : I’ll be expecting a total refund and com pensation if this can’t be fixed.
W: I’m sorry, but we’re not authorized to give refunds, what I can do is to send you a brand new computer. How would that be?
M: But mine is supposed to be a brand new computer. You think I want another one of this after what the last one did to my files?
W: Well, let’s see what our engineer can do. Hopefully, it’s not quite as bad as you think. Now
I’ve got your address here in your customer file. N o.23 bond Street, right?
M: Yep, right.
W: And it’s Mr. Adams. Isn’t it?
M: Right. Mr. Adams, we’ll have an engineer with you early tomorrow morning, and I’ll ask him to bring a new hard disk with him. Will you be at home?
W: Yes, but not before 8:30.
W: OK. Our engineer will contact you before he comes. Can you be reached by this number, 6574-3205?
M: Yes, sure.
W: Well, best of luck this afternoon. I hope we can solve the problem for you.
M: Well, thanks. Er… goodbye.
W: Goodbye, Mr. Adams.
Conversation Two
6. A. Hold a party at home.
B.Introduce ourselves first
C.Avoid meeting them.
D.Wait for them to visit us.
7. A. Do nothing about it. B.Tell him to stop.
C.Give him a reason to stop.
D.Call the police immediately.
8. A. Try to be patient. B.Try to be sympathetic.
C.Don‘t appear to be friendly.
D.Don't answer their questions.
9. A. No more than five minutes. B.Five to ten minutes.
C.About half an hour.
D.About an hour.
10. A. Family Circle Magazine. B.Morning radio programs.
C.Betty's website.
D.CBS news website.
Questions:
6 What should we do if our neighbors didn't reach out?
7 Which is the best way to handle a noisy neighbor?
8 What should we do if we have a nosy neighbor?
9 How long do we expect our neighbors to stay?
10 Where can we get more information on this topic?
听力原文：
M: Well, for years, people have been trying to keep up with the Joneses, but instead of competing with your neighbors, how about actually trying to get along with them? Joining us with some simple tips on how to deal with those likeable and not so likable neighbors is Betty Wong; she is the Executive Editor of Family Circle magazine. Good morning, Betty.
W: Good morning, Allen.
M: Well, in an ideal world, I guess we would all get along with our neighbors, wouldn’t we? W: Right, right. We hope so.
M : But how do we establish a good relationship? When you move into a neighborhood, right,
should you reach out to the neighbors or should they be reaching out to you?
W: I think it could work either way. I mean, certainly, if they don’t reach out to you, don’t assume that they are being rude or unfriendly. They just might be holding back because they think you are too busy. So if they don’t make that first step, you know, after a few days, go ahead and introduce yourself.
M: Yeah, neighbors can be really helpful, but of course they can also be annoying. For example, neighbors who make a lot of noise.
W: Well. Loud music is one of those top complaints, and I think you know for most reasons… people, they probably aren’t even aware that they are causing problems for their neighbors. And I think if you bring it up t o your neighbors’ attentio n they will be more than happy to fix it. You could say something like, you know, I’m kind of, I’m really a light sleeper or I suffer from headache. Can you help me out by, you know, turning down the music during those evening hours or the early morning or come up with a compromise that works for both of you.
M: Don’t just call the police, right? Which a lot of people do.
W: Of course, no.
M: Right, then what about a nosy neighbor.
W: Right, I think a lot of time as we may mistake nosy behavior for being, you know, nosy or poky when they are just being kind of trying to be friendly, or maybe that person’s lonely. It’s…. You kind of have to see what the motive is there, and
oftentimes, if you are little evasive, or, you just don’t a nswer their question, they often take the hint and back off.
M: And the neighbor that comes to visit and wont go way?
W: Well, I think, you know that, there might be somebody who is just really lonely and wants a friend. You know oftentimes I think the rule is a five or ten minute-visit, is fine. Because you know that way you are not imposing on that person’s schedule or that person’s plan. But you know, you don’t have to be best friends with your neighbor at all, you can just be polite, and say hello in th e morning, and that makes everybody’s relationship so much better.
M: Well, that’s important. Betty Wong, thanks so much for the tips we appreciate from Family Circle magazine and for more on this topic and others, head to the Early Show website at /doc/c88b2e7bdc88d0d233d4b14e852458fb76 0b381e.html .
2016年
Dictation
Think Positive and Feel Positive
Are you confident or insecure in a difficult situation?／Do you react positively or negatively? ／The answer may depend in part on whom you’re around.／A study found that negative thinking can be contagious in some cases.／For example, the researchers studied 103 college roommates. They measured each roommate’s tendency towards negative thinking.／It was found that thinking patterns can be contagious.／Students with a negative thinking roommate became more depressed themselves, ／and students with more positive thinking roommates／were more likely to become more positive as well.
听写重难点突破：
1.注意时态，研究是过去某一时段开展的。

2.易错单词：contagious
3.根据语法判断‘s 和复数问题
4.出现并列连词and时，注意大小写问题
T alk
What Is Grit?
My Questions
●Why isn’t IQ the only difference between students?
●What is the key to (1) ______?
My Research
●investigation of all kinds of (2) _____, including:
— West Point Military Academy
— __(3)___
— private companies
My finding: grit as predictor of success
●Grit is __(4)__ for very long-term goals.
●Grit is working hard for years to make __(5)__
●Grit is living your life like a __(6)__
My survey
●high school juniors took grit questionnaires
●__(7)__ kids were more like ly to graduate
Grit-building
●little is known about how to build grit in students
●data show grit is unrelated to __(8)__
●growth mindset is the belief that the ability to learn is __(9)___
●kids with grit believe failure is __(10)__
Conclusion
We need to be gritty about getting our kids grittier.
听力原文
What is grit?
Good afternoon, everyone. T oday, I would like to talk about my research project concerning the key to (1) success. I would like to start my topic with my own story. When I was 27 years old, I left a very demanding job: teaching seventh graders math in the New York City public schools. And like any teacher, I made quizzes and tests. I gave out homework assignments. When the work came back, I calculated grades. What struck me was that IQ was not the only difference between my best and my worst students. Some of my strongest performers did not have super IQ scores. Some of my smartest kids weren't doing so well. Then I felt very interested in knowing the reason why the students' math performance is not that closely related to their IQ scores.
[2]I started studying kids and adults in all kinds of challenging settings, and in every study my question was, who is successful here and why? My research team and I went to West Point Military Academy. We tried to predict which students would stay in military training and which would drop out.
[3]We went to the National Spelling Contest and tried to predict which children would advance
farthest in competition. We worked with private companies, asking, which of these salespeople is going to keep their jobs? And who's going to earn the most money? We went to many places, and finally one characteristic emerged as a significant predictor of success. And it wasn't social intelligence. It wasn't good looks, physical health, and it wasn't IQ. It was grit. What is grit? Well, [4]grit is passion and perseverance for very long-term goals. Grit is sticking with your future, day in, day out, not just for the week, not just for the month, but for years, [5]and working really hard to make that future a reality. [6]Grit is living life like it's
a marathon, not a sprint. A few years ago, I started studying grit in the Chicago public schools. I asked thousands of high school juniors to take grit questionnaires, and then waited around more than a year to see who would graduate.
[7]It turned out that grittier kids were significantly more likely to graduate, even when I matched them on every characteristic I could measure, things like family income, test scores and so on. To me, the most shocking thing about grit is how little we know, how little science knows about building it. Every day, parents and teachers ask me” How do I build grit in kids? How do I keep them motivated for the long run?" Our data show very clearly that there are many talented individuals who simply do not follow through on their commitments. [8]In fact, in our data, grit is usually unrelated or even inversely related to measures of talent. So far, the best idea I've heard about building grit in kids is something called "growth mindset." [9]Growth mindset is the belief that the ability to learn is not fixed, that it can change with your effort. [10]Kids with grit are much more likely to persevere when they fail, because they don't believe that failure is a permanent condition. So growth mindset is a great idea for building gri t. But we need more. And that‘s where I’m going to end my remarks, because that‘s where we are. That’s the work that stands before us. We have to be willing to fail, to be wrong, to start over again with lessons learned. As a conclusion, we need to be gritty about getting our kids grittier. Nest time, I would like to share with my experience in building up students‘grit.
Conversation One
1.A. To tell the man that he has been shortlisted for interview.
B.To ask the man a few questions about his interview.
C.To explain to the man how to make a presentation.
D.To tell the man the procedure of the interview.
2.A. Questions related to the job.
B.General questions about himself.
C.Specific questions about his CV.
D.Questions about his future plan.
3.A. Questions from the interviewers.
B.Questions from the interviewee.
C.Presentation from the interviewee.
D.Requests from the interviewee.
4.A. Educational and professional background.
B.Problems he has faced and solved.
C.Major successes in his career so far.
/doc/c88b2e7bdc88d0d233d4b14e852458f b760b381e.html pany future and his contribution.
5.A. 11 a.m., next Tuesday
B.11 a.m., next Thursday
C.9 a.m. this Tuesday
D.9 a.m. this Thursday
Questions:
1.Why does the woman call the man?
2.What kind of questions can the man ask in the interview?
3.Which is the last part of the interview?
4.What might be expected from the man’s presentation?
5.When is the interview scheduled?
听力原文：
W：Hello, this is Kate Smith. I’m calling from ABC Company.
M: Oh, hello, Kate. Great to hear from you.
W: You’ve already been told that you’ve been shortlisted for interview.
M: Oh, yes.
W: Well, we are very excited about meeting you. OK, (1) I just want to talk you through the procedure for the day. Someone will meet you when you arrive, and then bring you up to meet myself and Arthur Miller, the CEO.
M: Ok, sounds good. So will you be the only members of the interview panel there then?
W: Yes, it’ll be just me and Art hur who will talk to you. The interview will be in three parts. First of all, we’ll ask you some general questions about yourself and your educational and professional background, and then we’ll move on to specifics.
M: Oh, er, specifics? Well, er… what ki nd of questions will you be asking?
W: Well, it’ll be very similar to the personal statement you submitted with your CV. We’ll be expecting you to …to give actual examples of problems you’ve faced and solved, and of what you feel are the major successes in you career so far.
M: OK, well. Yeah, that sounds great. Can’t wait!
W: (2) Then there’ll be a chance for you to ask us any questions- about the job itself, or ABC Company in general.
M: Oh, um…OK. I’ll think of something!
W: (3/4) After that, we’d like y ou to give a short p resentation on how you see ABC as a company progressing, and how you see yourself taking us there.
M: OK, so will I be expected to give like a formal style presentation?
W: It can be as formal or informal as you like. There’ll be a computer and a data proj ector there available. If you need anything else, just let us know.
M: Oh, um…OK, a presentation! I’ll think of something. I
haven’t done one of those in a while. W: Is that all clear?
M: Yes.
W: (5) Great. So, Daniel, I’ll see you at 11 a.m., Thursday ne xt week.
M: OK, great. I look forward to meeting you! Thanks, bye!
W: Bye.
Conversation Two
6.A. The disadvantages of college loans.
/doc/c88b2e7bdc88d0d233d4b14e852458f b760b381e.html ernment financing in college education.
C.How to handle the problem of college loans.
D.How college students pay for their education.
7. A. It has increased by 6 to 8%.
B.It has increased by 8 to 10%.
C.It has decreased by 6 to 8%.
D.It has decreased by 8 to 10%.
8. A. Student’s family inco me
B.First year salary after graduation.
C.A fixed amount of 30,000 dollars.
D.Payment in the next ten years.
9.A. Students can borrow money first.
B.Students pay no tax on savings.
C.Students pay less tax after graduation.
D.Students withdraw without paying tax.
10.A. Giving up charitable or volunteer work.
B.Neglecting their study at college.
C.Giving up further education.
D.Neglecting high salary in job-seeking.
Questions:
6.What is the interview mainly about?
7.How does the cost of college education change every year?
8.What is used to measure student loan debt as a guideline?
9.What is the advantage of joining a college savings plan?
10.What is the possible social cost of a college loan?
听力原文：
W: It says a growing number of students are making a major hole from the minute they enter the real world because they are already, some of them, more than 100,000 dollars in debt. With us now is Mark Spenser. He is the senior financial analyst from SBC Bank. Welcome to you.
M: Thank you. Nice to be with you.
W: Now, I guess there are two kinds of debts, good debt and bad debt. Where does this go? M:(7) Well, student loan debt is traditionally considered good debt, but the problem for many students and their families is that the cost of colleges has been going up at 6 to 8 percent a year, far faster than the income, far faster than the standard of living. That means debt’s taking on a bigger and bigger role in financing education.
W:(6-1) How much debt is too much debt for… for one student?
M:(8) Well, one guideline is that you look at the first year salary in your field after graduation, and use that as a barometer, but even then…
W: Is that right?
M: Well, you are talking big payments even in that instance, for example, 30,000 dollars worth of
debt. If you are gonna repay that over 10 years, you are taking more than 300 dollars a month that, in payments every month for 10 years.
W: (6-2) But there is surely more than one way to get a loan
for college. There are government programs. There are so many kinds of grants. What’s … what’s the best advice for people who are looking for these loans to try to keep themselves from going under?
M: I understand that loans are just one way of college finance. T ake advantage of the other opportunities. (9) Things like a college sa vings plan let… let you save on a tax advantage basis. So you can put money away in these accounts and withdraw tax-free to pay for that education. W: So, it’s important to start early and that really reduces that reliance on debt later.
M: (6-3) Another thing, leave no stone unturned, looking at grants, scholarships, even on-campus jobs. I mean every dollar you get that way is seen as another dollar you don’t have to borrow later.
W:(10-1) The kinds of jobs that so many students, fresh off students, like to go into, er, charity stuff, volunteer work. This debt is eliminating a lot of that, isn’t it?
M:(10-2) I think that’s the social cost. (10-3) Really, I mean… you know, when you consider that, you know, people may pass up a rewarding career in charitable work, or non-profit organization because they have to get a higher salary someplace else to pay off that debt.
W: Yeah, that’s for sure. Mark Spenser, senior financial analyst from SBC Bank. Mark, good you could be here.
M: Thank you.。