特殊句式全归纳

特殊句式全归纳
语法复习专题10 特殊句式
--- 倒装、强调、省略、感叹、反意及祈使句
热点考向一倒装句
1. 完全倒装
(1) There be＋主语＋...，此结构中的be有时用stand/exist/lie/live/flow/seem等不及物动词代替。

There seems to be something wrong with the machine.
(2) Here/There/Now/Then/Thus＋不及物动词＋名词
There goes the bell.Let's go into the lecture hall.
Be quick！Here comes the bus.
(3) Out/In/Up/Down/Away/Off/Back/Over＋不及物动词＋名词
Out rushed the children. Away flew the birds.
比较：Away they hurried.
(4) 介词短语(表地点)＋不及物动词＋主语
On the wall hang two large portraits.
At the foot of the hill lies a beautiful village.
(5) 表语＋连系动词＋主语(表语可以是：形容词、介词短语、现在分词、过去分词)
Present at the meeting were Professor White，Professor Smith and many other guests.
Gone are the days when women were looked down upon.
Seated in the first line are some advanced workers.
(6) Such＋be＋主语
Such are the facts；no one can deny them.
Such is Yiyangqianxi, a young handsome singer popular with Chinese teenagers.
2. 部分倒装
(1) 用于以so，nor，neither开头的句子，表示重复前句的部分内容，须部分倒装，且此句的谓语应与前句的谓语在时态/形式上一致，但“so＋主语＋do”结构则表示对别人所说的情况加以肯定，它的主语与上文的主语相同，so相当于indeed，certainly。

Mary has learned by heart 200 words，and so have I.
－The girls study hard. 这些女孩学习刻苦。

－So they do. 她们的确如此。

I don’t know it, nor do I care about it.
Tom doesn’t like bananas, ne ither/nor do I.
注意：当前面两件或两件以上的事也适合于另一人或物时, 通常用“so it is with. . . ”或“it is the same
with. . . ”
Tom likes singing, but he doesn’t like dancing. So it is with Mary.
(2) 表示否定意义的副词、连词或短语置于句首时要部分倒装。

这些词有not，never，hardly，seldom，scarcely，barely，little，no，nowhere，not only，not until，at no time，by no means，in no way，on no condition, no sooner...than，hardly...when等。

By no means shall we give up.
At no time will China be the first to use the nuclear weapon.
Not a single mistake did he make.
Never before _________ I seen such a moving film.
Not only _________ he forced to stay home, but also he had to do his homework.
(3) only置于句首修饰状语(副词、介词短语)或状语从句等时要用部分倒装。

Only after my friend came _______ the computer repaired.
Only then did I realize the importance of mathematics.
比较：Only he knows the secret.
(4) as引导的让步状语从句中(表语/状语/动词原形＋as＋主语)要
用部分倒装。

Tired as he was，he stayed up late.
Explain as I might，I could not make myself understood.
Child as he is，he knows a lot.
(5) 在so...that，such...that句型中，当so，such引导的结构置于句首时要用部分倒装。

So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him.
(6) 在hardly...when，no sooner...than，not until句型中，主句要部分倒装。

Hardly had he arrived when it began to snow.= No sooner had he arrived than it began to snow. (7) 在省略了if的虚拟条件句中，were，had或should置于句首。

Were I in your position, I would not go.
Had I attended the meeting, I would have met Jim.
(8) however，no matter how引导的让步状语从句。

However hard he worked，he couldn't solve the problem.= No matter how hard he worked,......
热点考向二强调
1. 强调句的基本句型
It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子剩余成分
(1) 强调人时可用who/that来连接，强调事物时用that。

所强调的可以是单词、短语，也可以是从句，但结构必须完整。

被强调的成分可以是主语、宾语
和状语，但不能是定语或谓语。

It is I who/that am right.(强调主语)
It was him that/who/whom we met at the school gate.(强调宾语)
It was because her mother was ill that she didn't go to work.(强调状语)
(2) 这种强调句的一般疑问句只需把is(was)提前。

Was it in 1939 that the Second World War broke out?
Is it Professor Wang who teaches you English?
(3) 它的特殊疑问句只需在一般疑问句前加上特殊疑问词。

Who was it that broke the window?
When was it that you called me yesterday?
What is it that you want me to do?
(4) not...until...的强调句形式：It is/was not until＋被强调部分＋that＋其他成分。

He didn't go to bed until 11 o'clock last night.
→It was not until 11 o'clock last night that he went to bed.
It was not until he took off his dark glasses that I realized he was a famous film star.
判断一个句子是强调句型还是其他句型，最简单的方法就是“还原法”，即去掉强调句型的特有结构It is/was...that/who...，若去掉这个结构后句子仍然成立，那该句型便是强调句型，否则，就可能是其他句型。

比较：(1) It was he who did all the cleaning.可以看出，去掉画线部分，句子仍然成立，故该句为强调句型。

（2）It is a pity that he has failed again. （）
（3）It is a question that needs careful consideration. ( )
（4）It was at six o’clock that I got up today. ( )
（5）It was six o’clock when I got up today. ( )
2. 用助动词强调谓语。

如果要强调时态为一般现在时或一般过去时的肯定句中的谓语动词，我们在该动词前加助动词do，does或did。

Many of the films are from the USA，but we do give awards to films from other countries.
He did come to see you last Sunday，but you were out.
热点考向三省略句
1. 状语从句的省略:
(1) 在时间、地点、条件、方式或让步状语从句中，如果谓语含有动词be，主语又与主句的主语一
致或主语是it时，主谓均可以省略。

①时间状语从句：Please come here as soon as(it is)possible.
②地点状语从句：Fill in the blanks with articles where(it is)necessary.
③条件状语从句：She won't come to the party unless(she is)invited.
④方式状语从句：I wonder why he didn't do as(he was)told to.
⑤比较状语从句：It is much colder today than(it was)yesterday.
⑥让步状语从句：Though(they were)tired，they went on walking.
(2) 状语从句省略主语时，其后用现在分词表示该动词与省略的主语是主谓关系，用过去分词则表示为动宾关系。

Be careful when (you are)crossing the street.
Once (he/she is)burnt，a child dare not touch the fire again.
2. 答语中的省略:
I'm afraid，I think，I believe，I hope，I guess等作答句，后面跟so或not分别等于肯定或否定，宾语从句可省去。

－Do you think it will rain?
－I hope not (that it will not rain)．
－Do you believe our team will win?
－I guess so.
3. 不定式中“to”的省略:
(1) 感官动词(see，feel，hear，notice，watch，observe，listen to等)和使役动词(let，make，have)后接不定式作宾语补足语时，省略to，但在被动式中不能省略(let除外)。

I heard someone sing in the next room.
The thief was noticed ___________( slip) into the room.
(2) 动词help和介词but，except后的不定式作宾语时，有时必须省略to。

He will help me (to) work out the problem.
He did nothing but wait all the time.
若句中but/except前无do/does/did，则to不能省略。

He has no choice but ______________( wait).
(3) 不定式作表语时，若主语为what引导的主语从句，不定代词all作主语被定语从句修饰或后有定语从句修饰的“the...thing”作主语时，如果其前出现过do的各种形式，不定式中“to”可以省去。

What he can do is (to) wait.
The only thing he could do was (to) wait.
All that he can do is (to) wait.
(4) 固定结构或句型中常省去“to”。

can't(help)but do...；why not do...；prefer to do...rather than do...；
I would prefer to swim rather than play football.
4. 虚拟语气中if和should的省略
(1) 在条件从句中，将助动词提到句首，省去if。

If we had known about the plans for the factory，we would never have bought the house.
→Had we known about the plans for the factory，we would never have bought the house.
If I were you，I would not do it like that.
→Were I you，I would not do it like that.
(2) 主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句中可省略should。

The workers demanded that their wages(should)be increased.
类似的动词还有：suggest，advise，insist，order，prefer，propose，request，require，command，recommend, urge...
It is desired that we (should)arrive there before dark.
It is necessary that he (should)know it.
My suggestion is that we (should)visit the exhibition at once.
5. 英语中有一些固定的省略结构
(1) 在以if，when，though，as if(好像)等连词引导的状语从句中，如果主句主语和从句主语一致，且从句谓语中含有动词be，或者从句为it is结构时，从句往往使用省略的形式。

If (it is) necessary，we shall send a telegram home.
Whenever (it is) possible，he will come to my help.
While (you are) cycling，don't forget the traffic lights.
He closed his eyes as if（he was）lost in thought.
(2) 由固定词组引导的疑问句。

What about having a game of chess?
How come they left you alone here?
What if it's raining?
Why not try again?
(3)使用不定式符号to来代替整个不定式, 常在be afraid / glad, expect, forget, hope, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, refuse, seem, try, want, wish等后面。

He may leave if he wishes to.
Don't go till I tell you to.
I asked him to see the film, but he didn’t want to.
—Will you join in the game?
—I’d be glad to.
注意：如果不定式中含有be, have, have been, 通常保留be, have和have been。

—Are you a sailor?
—No, but I used to be.
6.宾语从句中的省略
引导宾语从句的从属连词that可省略。

但及物动词后跟两个或两
个以上that引导的宾语从句时, 只有第一个连词that可省略。

He told me (that) she was a beautiful girl and that she was clever.
7.定语从句中的省略
He lost the watch (that/which) he bought yesterday.
I don’t like the way (that/in which) he speaks to others.
热点考向四感叹句
感叹句常用的七大句型：
(1) How＋形容词/副词＋主语＋谓语！
_______ high the mountain is! How fast he is running!
(2) How＋形容词＋a/an＋单数名词＋主语＋谓语！
__________ difficult a problem it is!
(3) How＋主语＋谓语！
How time flies! _________ I miss you!
(4) What＋a/an＋形容词＋单数名词＋主语＋谓语！
__________ a clever boy he is! What a fine day it is!
(5) What＋形容词＋不可数名词＋主语＋谓语！
_________ sweet water it is!
__________ terrible weather it is!
(6) What＋形容词＋复数名词＋主语＋谓语！
__________ beautiful flowers these are!
(7) What＋名词＋主语＋谓语！
What news it is!
热点考向五反意疑问句
1.must的反意疑问句
(1) 当must作“必须”讲时, 其反意疑问词用needn’t; 当含有mustn’t (不允许、禁止)时, 其反意疑问词用must/may.
You must go now, ____________ you?
You mus tn’t smoke here, ______________ you?
(2) 当must表示推测时, 其反意疑问词同去掉must还原之后的句
子所使用的反意疑问词.
You must have heard about it, ______________ you?
You must have watched that football match last night, ___________ you?
2. 陈述部分是肯定句，反意部分用否定形式；陈述部分含有否定词或半否定词, 如never, seldom, rarely, hardly..., 反意疑问部分的动词用肯定形式。

He is fond of reading science fiction, _______________?
She could hardly walk without a stick, _______________?
3. 陈述部分含有由表示否定意义的前缀构成的词,其反意疑问部分的动词用否定形式.
Tom dislikes playing tennis, ______________?
She is unhappy today,_________________?
4. 当陈述部分带有宾语从句时,疑问部分的主语与助动词常和主句保持一致, 但如果主句的谓语动词是think, believe, suppose, guess, expect, imagine等, 且主语为第一人称时, 疑问部分的主语和时态与宾语从句的主语和时态保持一致.
He said that he would come to my birthday party, _______________?
I don’t believe he will suc ceed, ______________?
热点考向六祈使句
1. 否定式Don’t be so sure. Don’t get close to the tiger.
2. 强调式Do come on time this evening. Never come late!
3. 带有主语的祈使句
Tom, you water the flowers! You, girls, clean the desks; you, boys, sweep the floor.
4. 祈使句+and/or+陈述句Work hard and you will succeed. Work hard or you will fail.
5. 名词短语+and/or+陈述句More time and I will do it better.
Practice:
1. There exist now a park that has a small river running through. (改错）
2. On the wall is several traditional Chinese paintings.(改错)
3. If you don’t go there tomorrow, neither does Tom.
4. I didn’t see the film, and nor didn’t you.
5. He was unable to make much progress, hard although he tried.
6. Little did he realizes how important this meeting is.
7. So loudly he speak that even people in the next room could hear him.
8. Only when the war was over in 1945 _______ he able to get
a college education.
9. Not only ______ he forced to stay at home ,but he was also forbidden to see his friends.
10. Hardly __________ I reached the bus stop when the bus started.
11. No sooner had I set off ___________ it began to rain.
12. So loudly did he speak _________ even people in the next room could hear him.
13. ——Jack can not answer the question.
——___________ can I.
14. Ugly__________ I am, I am gentle.
15. _________ when you seize today can you not lose tomorrow.
16. There _____(be)one book and two oranges on the desk.
17. By the window _______(sit) an old man with a magazine in his hand just now .
18. In this area ________ (be) many beggars who look very poor.
19. Out ________ (rush) a man who looked very bad-tempered.
20. Then the driver stood up and asked, “_____ anyone lose
a suitcase at the last stop?”
21. The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police not ________.
22. The school rules state that no child shall be allowed out of the school during the day, unless ________ (accompany) by an adult.
23. It was not until near the end of the letter________she mentioned her own plan.
24. There is little doubt in your mind that he is innocent，_____________？(反意疑问句)
25. ____________(knock) at the door before you enter my room, please.
26. Only when he apologizes for his rudeness __________ I speak to him again.
27. “Never for a second, ”the boy says, “__________ I doubt that my father would come to my rescue. ”
28. Anyone, once___________ (test) positive for H7N9 flu virus, will receive free medical treatment from our government.
29. It was only after he had read the papers__________ Mr. Gross realized the task before him was extremely difficult to complete.
30. Every day__________( read) a proverb aloud several times until you have it memorized.。