Unit 5 (2)动名词与分词

Unit 5 （2）

Gerund 动名词

Present Participl 现在分词

Past Participles 过去分词

Gerund

•Syntactic functions of gerund

•gerund vs. infinitive

•Aspect, voice and negation of gerund

Gerund as Subject 动名词做主语

•在句首作主语，谓语动词用单数。

•Seeing is believing.

•Reading is like permitting a man to talk a long time, and refusing you the right to answer. •Hating people is like burning down your own house to get rid of a rat.

注意：当主语和表语都须采用非谓语动词形式时，主表的结构应一致，即都用动名词或都用不定式，不能混用。（但seem，prove, appear后通常只跟不定式）

•Seeing is to believe. (x)

•Climbing the mountain seems to be hopeless, for it’s raining hard. (√)

2. 用在由it做形式主语的一些结构中

Str.1 It is + adj. (nice, better, foolish, enjoyable, good, useless)+ gerund/ infinitive

Str.2 It is no use/ no good/ some good/ a waste of time/+ (in) gerund

•It’s no use crying over spilt milk.

•It is a waste of time trying to make him change his mind.

•Is it any good trying to explain?

3. There-be structures

Str. 1 There is no point/use/ good + (in) doing sth.

Str. 2 There is no doing sth. (=It’s imposs ible to do

sth.; We can’t do sth.)

•There is no use your arguing with him.

•There’s no knowing the future.

•There is no point in my going out to date someone. I might really like if I met him at the time. Gerund as Object 动名词做宾语

Ex.

•I am looking forward to ____(hear) from you.

•I have a hard time ___(get) used to ___(live) in a big place.

•She couldn’t help___ (cry) when she saw her husband coming back home alive.

Ex.

•I am looking forward to hearing from you.

•I have a hard time getting used to living in a big place.

•She couldn’t help crying when she saw her husband coming back home alive. 1. 作动词宾语

只能跟动名词作宾语的动词(see textbook P241)

admit/ advise/ anticipate/ appreciate/ avoid/

consider/ contemplate/delay/ deny/detest/discuss/

dislike/encourage/endure/enjoy/escape/excuse/

finish/fancy/favor/ finish/forbid/forgive/imagine/

involve/mention/mind/miss/overlook/permit/postpone/

practice/prohibit/resent/ resist/risk/suggest/

tolerate/understand

Gerund as Object

More examples:

•Putting in a new window will involve cutting away part of the roof.

•Being a bad-tempered man, he would not tolerate having his lectures interrupted. •She was so angry that she felt like throwing something at him.

•They are considering buying the house before the prices go up.

•Peter, who had been driving all day, suggested stopping at the next town.

2. 做介词宾语

一些跟动名词做宾语的短语See textbook P242

feel like/give up/look forward to/object to

be(get) used to/take to开始喜欢做/amount to 意味着

prefer doing to /get round to/de vote…to doing

keep from/hold back from/keep back from /

in addition to/be averse to/ be opposed to/

get round to/be accustomed to do / doing/

be dedicated to

the alternative/ approach/ solution to doing

•I am used to sleeping with the lights on.

•I am accustomed to sleeping with the lights on.

•The students object to increasing their tuition.

3. 在特定句型中做宾语

Have difficulty

trouble

problem

fun

pleasure +(in) doing …

a hard time

a good time

a bad time

a difficult time