unit1限制性定语从句知识点及练习题高中英语北师大版
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高一英语教学案定语从句
句子是一棵大树,主语、谓语、宾语(表语)是主干,定语、状语、补语是修饰语。
1.定语:对名词或代词起修饰限定作用的词或短语
翻译:……的,例如:她是一个漂亮的女孩。
a red apple 一个红的苹果形容词做定语
a beautiful girl 一个美丽的女孩
my friend 形容词性物主代词做定语his pen
a girl in red 一个穿红色衣服的女孩介词短语作定语
(根据定语的位置分为前置定语和后置定语)
2.定语从句:起修饰限定作用的句子。
在句中起定语作用,修饰某一名词或代词,或修饰整个主句的从句,叫做定语从句3.定语从句的构成:主句(先行词)+关系词+从句
先行词:被修饰限定的那个人/物
关系词1. 关系代词:who,whom,whose,which,that
2. 关系副词:when, where, why
关系词的作用1.连接主语和从句2.指代先行词3.在从句中充当成分4.怎么写定语从句?
例句He is an old man. He sends gifts to children.
He is an old man who sends gifts to children.
关系代词:
1.如何选择关系代词?
口诀:先看先行词,辨清人或物,
后看从句里,有无主宾语。
2.例句:
1. 先行词指人,在定语从句中充当主语、宾语,作宾语时可以省略
(1)I don't like the man doesn't keep his word.遵守诺言
(2)I'd really like to find a friend I can trust.
(3)Rose is the person you should care about.
练习:
1. Do you know the man_________ is talking with your mother?
2. I like those books _________topics are about history.
3. This is the girl _____________we talked about just now.
2.. 先行词指事物,在定语从句中充当主语宾语,作宾语时可以省略。
(1)The little girl is having an apple is big and red.
(2)The young man was very happy to get back the gold ring he had lost on the train.
(3)The suitcase lies on the ground is hers.
3. whose可以指人也可指物,在定语从句中充当定语,可翻译成…….
(1)I know the person house was destroyed in the earthquake.
(2)He lives in a room window faces north.
注意:1.关系代词在从句中做主语时,不能省略;作宾语时可以省略。
2.在“介词+关系代词”结构引导的定语从句中,关系代词指物用which,指人用whom.
例:He handed me a pen with which I wrote down his phone number.
特殊用法
只能用that,不能用which的情况
1.当先行词为all,everything,nothing,anything,much等不定代词。
All can be done has been done. 所有能做的都做了。
2.先行词被序数词修饰时。
The first place they visited in London was Big Ben.(大本钟)
3.先行词被all, every, no, the only, the very, the last等修饰时。
I've read all the books are not mine.
我已经读了所有那些不属于我的书。
4.当先行词既指人又指物时。
We often talk about the persons and things we remember.
5.当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时
She is the most beautiful girl I have seen.
如何选择关系副词?
当关系词在定语从句中作状语时,要用关系副词
1.We have entered into an age when dreams have the best chance of ing true.
We have entered into an age .
Dreams have the best chance of ing true in this age.(when 所指代的状语)
2.The reason why he failed in the exam was that he was too careless.
主句:The reason was that he was too careless.
定语从句:He failed in the exam because this reason. (why所指代的原因状语)
3.This is the hotel where we stayed last month.
This is a hotel.
We stayed at a hotel last month. 主+谓语+地点状语+时间状语
注意:1.表示时间、地点及原因的名词作先行词时,定语从句可以用关系代词和关系副词引导。
2.若先行词在定语从句中作状语,应用关系副词。
3.若先行词在定语从句中作主语或宾语,则用关系代词。
练习:(1)I don't believe the reason he gave me for his being late.
(2)These are the reasons we do it.
1. We are learning English _______is used in many fields in the world.
2. This magazine belongs to the teacher ________teaches us chemistry.
3. Anyone _______es to China will surely visit the Great Wall.
4. The house_______stands on the top of the hill was built a few years ago.
5. The medicine________h e bought is good for your health.
6. Do you still remember the farm ________we worked together five years ago?
7.The student ______the teachers are talking about has won first prize in the English contest.
8. The newspaper _______you are reading is out of date.
9. Do you remember the time ______we got lost in the park?
10. I’ll never forget the time ________we spent together in the army camp.
11. They are building a hospital near the street _____we used to live.
12. The present _______he gave her yesterday evening is still unopened.
13. Happiness is one of the things_______money can not buy.
14. I'll never forget the day _____I joined the League in my middle school.
15. The man _____wife died last year has gone to Japan.
16.Tell me the reason_____ the American lady left in a hurry.
17. Do you know the boy_____was praised at the meeting?
18. Ellen is the girl______ will succeed in the speaking contest.
19. The manager walked toward the gate _______the workers were waiting.
20.Her parents wouldn’t let her marry anyone_______family was poor.
21.A person ______ email account is full won't be able to send or receive any emails.
23.The reason_______ he didn’t attend the meeting was that he was ill.
24. Despite its stigma (污名), crying can be an act ________relieves tension and clears feelings of negativity and sadness.
25. Running Man is a very relaxing TV program______is hot among the young people.
26. Their child is at the stage_______she can say individual words but not full sentences。