高中英语 虚拟语气讲解及练习(有答案)

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高中英语虚拟语气讲解及练习
虚拟条件句就是对现实条件的一种虚拟假设,所假设的条件一般不符合事实或与事实相反或在现实中发生的可能性极小。

根据时间的不同,虚拟条件句可分为三种,即与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句、与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句
(1)表示与现在事实相反
If I had enough money now, I would lend it to you.
(2)表示与过去事实相反
If he had taken your advice, he wouldn’t have made such a bad mistake.
(3)表示与将来事实相反
I would go shopping with you if it were to be Sunday tomorrow.
1. 虚拟条件句的倒装
在虚拟条件句中,为了强调所假设条件的虚拟性,或突出说话人的一种主观愿望,虚拟条件句可用倒装结构。

虚拟条件句的倒装是通过去掉if,把条件从句谓语中的助动词、情态动词或系动词放在句首实现的。

例如:Had I been(= If I had been ) in that situation, I would not have let the thief escape away with so much money.
Should there be (= If there should be) a drought, what should we do at that time ?
2. 错综时间条件句
有时条件从句的动作和主句的动作发生的时间并不一致,这时谓语动词的形式应根据它所要表示的具体时间来确定。

例如:
If we hadn’t been working hard in the past few years ,thing s wouldn’t be going so smoothly.
3. 含蓄条件句
有时假设的情况并不以条件从句的形式表现出来,而是通过某个介词或介词短语(如:with,otherwise,without,but for,in that position)、上下文或其它方式表现出来。

这种句子称为含蓄条件句。

例如:
But for the help from you , I would not have had the chance to go to college.
二、虚拟语气在某些从句中的运用
在某些词或短语后接的从句中要使用虚拟语气,表示愿望、建议或命令等。

根据虚拟语气的形式不同,虚拟语气可以分为“should类”和“过去时态类”。

(一)should类
这一类的虚拟语气是通过从句中的谓语动词使用“should +动词原形”体现出来的,should可以省略。

其具体运用体现在:
1. 在suggest , order, demand , propose, command, request, desire,insist等表示建议、命令、要求、意见的动词后接的宾语从句中要使用虚拟语气。

如:He suggests that she should leave the house at once.
The leader ordered that the task(should) be finished as soon as possible.
He proposed that we (should)deal with the problem by the view of development.
2. 与suggest,order,demand,propose,command,request,desire,insist等动词相对应的名词suggestion,order,demand,proposal等后的表语从句或同位语从句中要使用虚拟语气。

如:The general sent the order that the battle (should)be held on until the complete failure of the enemy.
My proposal is that we(should) set a deadline for handing in the plan.
3. 在It is/was suggested (ordered,demanded,proposed,etc.)结构以及necessary,essential,important,strange,natural等形容词后的主语从句中要使用虚拟语气。

如:
It’s requested that we (should)keep the stability of the society for the people’s peaceful life.
It is necessary that the badly wounded man(should) be treated immediately. (二)过去时态类
英语中,还有一些词或短语后接的从句或句子,也要使用虚拟语气,虚拟语气是通过句中的谓语使用过去的某种时态(如:一般过去时、过去完成时等)来体现的。

1. wish,would rather 后的宾语从句。

如:
He wished he had never been involved in such affairs.
I would rather you could teach me again.
2. as if,as though引导的从句。

如:
The little boy knows so many things as if he was a man.
He acted as usual as though nothing had happened.
3. 由if only (要是……,那该多好啊!)引导的惊叹句。

如:
If only I had passed the test!
If only it stopped raining!
4. It is(about/high) time 后的定语从句。

如:
It is time we went out for a walk.
It was high time they had begun to prepare the experiment.
三、虚拟语气的其它用法
在英语中,一些表示建议、请求、劝告、愿望、祈祷、祝福或诅咒的句子,也需要使用虚拟语气。

如:
Would you mind smoking here?
May you be lucky!
Long live the people of China!
God save me.
虚拟语气练习题
1.He messed the project up, but he behaved as if nothing ______.
A.had happened B.happened
C.would happen D.would have happened
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。

句意:他把这个项目搞糟了,但他表现的好像什么也没发生一样。

as if引导的从句表示与事实相反的情况时,应用虚拟语气。

该句表示对过去的虚拟,根据as if的虚拟规则,该处应用过去完成时态。

A选项正确。

2.He ______ busy yesterday, or he ______ you with your experiment.
A.was; had helped B.was, would have helped
C.had been; would have D.were; would have helped
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
试题分析:本题实际上考察的是or(否则,要不然)引导的含蓄的虚拟条件句。

前面句中含有yesterday这个过去时的时间状语,故使用过去时即可。

Or后面的句中要使用与过去事实相反的虚拟语气would have done的形式。

句义:昨天他很忙,要不然他就会帮助你做实验了。

故B正确。

考点:考察虚拟语气
3.If George had followed his father’s advice, he ________ a lawyer now.
A.is B.would be
C.has been D.would have been
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。

如果George听从了他父亲的建议,他现在将是一名律师了。

虚拟时需将句子时态在原基础上往前推一个,例从句中与过去事实不符,用了过去完成时。

而主句中由提示词now,说明与现在事实不符,需变成过去将来时,故选B
4.––What a journey! We’ve finally arrived!
––_____ an out-of-date train schedule, we would not have missed the train.
A.Had we not used B.Did we use
C.If we didn’t use D.If we had used
【答案】A
【详解】
试题分析: 句意:真糟糕的旅行!我们终于到了。

如果我们没有用过期的列车时刻表,我们就不会错过火车了。

根据后句中的would not have missed可知句子使用了虚拟语气,是对过去发生的事情进行假设,主句应该用过去完成时,当句中有had ,should ,were时,可以省略if,把这些词提前,构成倒装结构,选A。

考点:考查虚拟语气
5.If it _________ not for all the cars and passers-by with cameras, you _________ think you have magically traveled back to the 14 century.
A.is …will B.had been… would
C.were… will D.were…might
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
试题分析:句意:如果不是因为所有的汽车和带照相机的过路人,你可能会认为你奇迹般的回到了14世纪。

从句意看,这是一种不真实的情况,用虚拟语气,因为是和现在相反的情况,所以if的从句用be动词的过去时were,主句用情态动词might do,所以选D。

考点:考查情态动词和虚拟语气
6.Nancy was very disappointed to hear the news. I wish I her about that.
A.hadn’t told B.didn’t tell C.wouldn’t tell D.can’t tell
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
试题分析:考察虚拟语气。

动词wish后面的从句使用虚拟语气,如果与现在相反,使用一般过去时;与过去相反,用过去完成时;与将来相反,用过去将来时。

句意:听到这个消息,Nancy非常失望。

我多么希望我没有告诉她这一点啊!根据句意说明这是与过去的希望相反,过使用过去完成时。

故A正确。

考点:考察虚拟语气
点评:动词wish后面的从句要使用虚拟语气。

如果与现在事实相反,用过去时;如果与过去事实相反,用过去完成时;如果与将来相反就使用过去将来时。

7.Hackers threatened _______ Sony release the film ‘The Interview’(also entit led ‘Killing Kim jong un’)on the coming 2014 Christmas,they ______ launch terror attacksresembling 11th Sept in 2001,
A.should;will be B.were to;could
C.were;should have D.should;would
【答案】D
【详解】
虚拟语气。

threatened后跟宾语从句,从句意思是“如果索尼发行电影The Interview的话,他们将发起类似于‘911’事件的恐怖袭击”,宾语从句是一个if虚拟条件句,常省略if,把should/were/had提到句首,根据句意可知,这里是对将来进行虚拟,主句用would+动词原形,故选D。

8._______ every one of you succeed in passing the mid-term examination.
A.May B.Could C.Might D.Would
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查情态动词。

may表许可,意为“可以”;表推测,意为“可能”;表希望、祈求、祝愿,意为“祝愿”。

could可能,能够;might可能,可以;would将,将会,愿意。

句意:祝每个人都成功地通过期中考试。

A选项正确。

9.________ his parents’ advice, he ________ having made such a silly mistake now.
A.He had taken; would not regret
B.Had he taken; would not regret
C.He had taken; would not have regretted
D.Had he had taken; would not have regretted
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查倒装和虚拟语气。

句意:如果他听取父母的建议,他就不会现在犯如此愚蠢的错误。

If从句与过去相反用过去完成时,省略if后,提前had。

主句有提示词now,表示与现在相反,用would+动词原形。

故选B。

10.I the answer to her possible, but I was fully occupied then.
A.could explain; if it had been B.must have explained; were it
C.should have explained; had it been D.should have explained; should it be
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。

句意:如果可能的话,我本该给她解释这个答案,但当时我很忙。

根据题意可知此处表示与过去事实相反,当条件句中省略if时需用倒装结构,把had提前。

主句表示“本应该”,用should have done.故选C。

【名师点睛】
当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有 were, should, had 时,if 可省略,而将 were, should, had等词
置于句首。

如:
Should he agree to go there, we would send him there. 要是他答应去的话,我们就派他去。

Were she here, she would agree with us. 如果她在这儿的话,她会同意我们的。

Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here. 如果她懂一些电脑知识的话,我们会已经聘用他来这里工作了。

本题就是省略if,had提前的情况。

11.It is really strange that the girl so early.
A.has been married B.has married
C.should be married D.would marry
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。

句意:真的很奇怪这个女孩这么早结婚。

在“It is+形容词+that...”句型中,that从句要用虚拟语气,其谓语动词形式为“should+动词原形”,should可以省略。

故选C。

12.It’s required that the football match _____ put off ___ the bad weather.
A.be; because of B.would be; due to
C.was; thanks to D.was; owing to
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查主语从句中的虚拟语气和介词词组。

句意:据要求足球比赛因为坏天气应该被推迟。

It’s requi red that 主语+(should )+动词原形+---。

the football match和put off之间是被动关系,第一空应该是(should ) be ,其中should 可以省略,根据句意可知答案为A。

13.He insisted that the problem requiring paying attention to at the meeting.
A.being discussed B.discuss
C.be discussed D.discussing
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
考查词组和虚拟语气。

句意:他主张值得被注意的问题在开会的时候被讨论。

本题较为复杂。

首先,这句话的主干结构为:He insisted the problem be discussed at the meeting. 不难看出insist引导的宾语从句中要用“should do”,此处should省略了。

其次“ requiring paying attention to”作定语修饰problem,因此C正确。

14.The boss requested that he _____ there to work.
A.was sent B.be sent
C.should send D.would be sent
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
试题分析:考查虚拟语气及被动语态。

句意:老板要求派他去那里工作。

当request表示“要求”时,引导的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气,即(should)+ 动词原形。

结合句意可知此处he是“被派”,用被动语态。

故选B项。

考点:考查虚拟语气及被动语态
15.—What a shame! We misunderstood each other for such a long time.
—Yes, I wish I _____ with you earlier.
A.communicate B.had communicated
C.communicated D.would communicate
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。

句意:——真遗憾!我们彼此误解了很长时间。

——我真希望早点和你交流过。

wish后面的宾语从句用虚拟语气,此处与过去的事实相反,所以用过去完成时态,故选B。

【名师点睛】
虚拟语气用于wish后的宾语从句中
动词wish后的宾语从句中,谓语动词须用虚拟语气,表示与事实相反或不大可能实现的愿望。

通常有三种形式:①对将来发生的事情表示祝愿或愿望时,宾语从句的谓语用:would(could, might)+动词原形。

例:I wish he would try again. 我希望他再试一次。

②表示与现在事实相反的愿望时,宾语从句的谓语用一般过去时或过去进行时。

例:I wish I knew how to program the new computer. 我希望我知道如何给这台新电脑编程。

③对过去发生的事情表示遗憾或后悔时,宾语从句的谓语用“过去完成时或could/would have done”的形式。

例:I wish you had come to our New Year’s party. 我真希望你来参加了我们的新年晚会。

16.If only I _____________ her _____________ that I book an air ticket in advance. I
_____________ a slight change in schedule could have such a strong influence on my travel plan. A.followed; plan; don’t expect B.have followed; instruction; didn’t expect C.followed; example; hadn’t expected D.had followed; advice; didn’t expect
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气和时态。

句意:我要是听从她的建议提前订机票就好了。

我没想到日程上的一点变化会对我的旅行计划产生如此大的影响。

if only(但愿/如果……就好)句子中用虚拟语气,由句意可知,是对过去的虚拟,时态用过去完成时(had done),此处表建议,第二空用advice,第三空“没想到”是过去的一种事实,用一般过去时。

故选D项。

17.If you my advice, you how to solve the problem now.
A.had taken; would have known B.had taken; would know
C.took; would have known D.took; would know
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。

句意:如果你当时听了我的劝告,你现在就知道如何解决这个问题了。

此处是虚拟语气,if从句表示与过去的事实相反,用过去完成时。

主句表示与现在的事实相反,用would/should/could/might+动词原形。

故选B.
【点睛】
虚拟条件句中,主、从句的动作若不是同时发生时,要区别对待。

①从句的动作与过去事实相反,而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。

如:
If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too. 如果我在学校学习刻苦的话,我现在也会是工程师了。

此处从句指过去的事实,如果当初努力学习,主句和现在事实相反,指现在就是工程师了。

②从句的动作与现在事实相反,而主句的动作与过去事实不符。

如:
If he knew her, he would have greeted her. 要是他认识她的话,他肯定会去问候她了。

从句现在事实是他不认识她,主句与过去事实相反,指他没去问候。

③从句的动作与过去发生的情况相反,而主句的动作与现在正在发生的情况相反。

如:
If it had not been raining too much, the crops would be growing much better. 如果天不下太多的雨的话,庄稼会长得更好。

从句与过去相反指今年下雨很多,主句与现在情况相反指庄稼没有长好。

18.Cristiano Ronaldo, who won four Champions League titles in nine seasons, makes it compulsory that, _______ you must remember, in order to succeed you ____ optimistic. A.what; are B.as; will be
C./; must be D.which; be
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
考查定语从句和虚拟语气。

句意:克里斯蒂亚诺·罗纳尔多,在九个赛季中赢得了四次冠军联赛的冠军,你必须要记住,为了取得成功,你必须保持乐观。

本句的第一个空是定语从句的关系词,which指代前面的句子。

第二个空是虚拟语气should be optimistic,其中的should省略。

第二句是考查名词从句,其中it是形式宾语,真正的宾语是that in order to
succeed you (should) be optimistic.英语中it is compulsory that…从句中要用虚拟语气should do…,should可省略。

句中的should省略了。

分析选项可知D项符合题意,故选D项。

19.If Wu Dajing _____ the record in 2018 Winter Olympics. he would not be world famous now. A.hadn't broken
B.hasn't broken
C.didn't break
D.doesn't break
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。

句意:如果2018年武大靖没有打破世界纪录,他现在就不会世界闻名。

本句考查了条件状语从句虚拟语气中的错综条件句,if从句与过去事实相反,所以用过去完成时,主句与现在事实相反,用“情态动词+动词原形”。

故A项正确。

20.—What do you think of the newly-released film Capernaum?
—It touched my heart deeply. But for your recommendation I _________ it.
A.had missed B.would miss C.would have missed D.must have missed 【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。

句意:---你觉得新上映的电影《迦百农》怎么样?---它深深地触动了我的心。

要不是你的推荐,我就错过了。

虚拟语气有时假设的情况并不是以if引导的条件从句形式出现,而是通过一些短语等形式暗示虚拟语气的存在,常用的词语有with, without, but for, otherwise, or,even, in case of, what if(如果…将如何)等等,这种句子往往有主句而无从句。

但是可以转化成if引导的虚拟条件句。

分析句子可知,本句可以转化成是if引导的虚拟条件句,表示与过去事实相反的假设。

从句为:If I had not had your recommendation ,主句为:I would have missed it。

故C选项正确。

【点睛】
if虚拟条件句和对应主句的动词形式列表:
有时假设的情况并不是以if引导的条件从句形式出现,而是通过一些短语等形式暗示虚拟语气的存在,常用的词语有with, without, but for, otherwise, or,even, in case of, what if(如果…将如何)等等,这种句子往往有主句而无从句 (考试时多数情况是对过去的假。

但是可以转化成if引导的虚拟条件句。

分析句子可知,本句可以转化成是if引导的虚拟条件句,表示与过去事实相反的假设。

从句为:If I had not had your recommendation ,主句为:I would have missed it。

故C选项正确。

21.— Do you mean the neighbors are coming over to discuss the problem?
—Yes, the whole thing has got intolerable, or they ________ have to be calling a meeting. A.mustn't B.can't C.wouldn't D.shouldn't
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。

句意:——你是说邻居要过来讨论这个问题吗?——是的,整件事让人无法忍受,否则他们就不必召开会议了。

分析句子可知,or意为“否则”,引导含蓄虚拟语气用would,这里是否定,用wouldn’t,故选C。

22.In order to succeed, it is compulsory that you ____work with every fiber of your being. A.might B.should C.could D.must
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查情态动词。

句意:为了成功,你竭尽全力地工作是必须的。

此处考查It is +形容词
+that+主语+should+动词原形(should可以省略)的虚拟语气,故选B项。

【点睛】
本句考查should在虚拟语气中的使用
It is (was)+形容词(或过去分词)+that…结构中,使用某些表示愿望、建议、请求、命令、可能、适当、较好、迫切、紧近、重要等形容词后的主语从句的谓语用虚拟语气,其表达形式为should +动词原形或省略should,直接用动词原形。

例如:
It is necessary that we (should) have a walk now.(necessary, should + have) (表示有需要去散步) It is important that every pupil (should) be able to understand the rule of school.(important, should + be) (表示重要的是学生都能了解校规)
It’s important that we (should) take good care of the patient.(important,should + take) (表示重要的是照顾好病人)
It is essential that these application forms be sent back as early as possible.(essential, should be)这些申请表应尽早地寄回,这是很重要的.
23.– But for your timely warning, we _______ into great trouble.
–You know we’re friends.
A.would get B.must have got C.would have got D.have got
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。

句意:–要不是你及时的警告,我们会遇到很大的麻烦。

–你知道我们是朋友。

分析句子可知,but for表示暗含的某种的条件,是含蓄条件句,主句要用虚拟语气,本句为对过去的虚拟,应用would have done,故选C。

24.—How marvelous our life is with so many digital devices!
—Yes. I bet our life________the same without them.
A.isn't B.can't be C.won't be D.wouldn't be
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。

句意:——有这么多数码设备,我们的生活真是太奇妙了。

——是的。

我打赌如果没有它们,我们的生活就不一样了。

由without判断此处是含蓄虚拟语气,且与现在的事实相反,故用would + do/be,故选D项。

【点睛】
本句考查含蓄虚拟语气
含蓄虚拟语气里常会出现without, but for, otherwise, were if not for等词,例如:
Without your help, I couldn't have passed the driving test yesterday.没有你的帮助,我就不可能通过昨天的驾考。

Thanks for your advice, otherwise I wouldn't have lost weight successfully.多亏了你的建议,否则我就不会成功减肥了。

25.Many people _________ from sickness or even small wounds had penicillin not been available.
A.would die B.would have died C.may die D.may have died 【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。

句意:如果没有青霉素,许多人可能会死于疾病甚至小伤口。

分析句意可知,此句是一个虚拟语气,根据句中的“had penicillin not been available”可知,此句是对过去的虚拟,故其主语的谓语动词应用“should/would/might/could+have+过去分词”。

结合选项,故选B。

26._______for the wrong turning on the highway, I would be having dinner with my friends now. A.Had it not been B.Were it not C.It had not been D.It were not
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气及倒装句型。

句意:如果不是在高速公路上拐错了弯,我现在就会和朋友们一起吃饭了。

根据语境可知,此处是对过去事实不符的假设,应使用虚拟语气,从句应使用过去完成时。

虚拟条件从句中如果有had(过去完成时的助动词)/were/ should,可省略if,并将它们提到主语之前,从而构成倒装。

Had it not been for the wrong turning on the highway = if it had not been for the wrong turning on the highway。

故选A。

27.What a pity! The parents could have survived the earthquake, __________ to save their child.
A.had they not come back B.have they come back
C.did they not come back D.did they come back
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查省略if的条件句。

句意:真遗憾!如果不是回来救孩子,这对父母本可以在地震中幸存下来。

分析句子可知,此处为if引导的虚拟条件句,与过去事实相反,从句的谓语动词为had come back,if可以省略,这时从句要用倒装语序,即把had置于句首。

从句“if they had not come back”省略if,提前had,句子写成“had they not come back”。

故选A项。

【点睛】
if引导的虚拟条件句,当从句的谓语动词含有were,should,had时,if可以省略,这时从句要用倒装语序,即把were,should,had等词置于句首。

28.What a relief! We would be still waiting anxiously in the classroom _______to bring an umbrella with you.
A.should you forget B.had you forgotten
C.you should forget D.you had forgotten
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。

句意:真是松了一口气!如果你忘了带雨伞,我们还在教室里焦急地等着。

本句是省略if引导的错综时间虚拟语气句,还原句子为:We would be still waiting anxiously in the classroom if you had forgotten to bring an umbrella with you,“一直等“这个动作发生在现在,表示现在的情况,所以主句谓语用would +动词原形,“忘记”这个动作发生在过去,表示与过去事实相反,从句谓语应用过去完成时(had done),在虚拟语气中,若有had/were/should等助动词,可将其提到句首,省略if变成为倒装句式,即had you
forgotten to bring an umbrella with you。

故选B项。

29.Li Ling acted in the party that way as if he__________the host.
A.had been B.is C.should be D.were
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
考查as if从句虚拟语气的用法。

句意:李岭在晚会上那样表现就好像他是主人一样。

分析句子成分可知,“as if he__________the host”为方式状语从句,根据语境,“他是主人”为客观事实相反的假设,谓语动词用一般过去时,如遇系动词则用were,故选D。

30.I was caught in a traffic jam for over an hour, otherwise, I ________ you waiting for such a long time.
A.had not kept B.will not keep
C.would not have kept D.have not kept
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。

句意:我在交通堵塞中被困了一个多小时,否则我不会让你等这么长时间。

句中用了虚拟语气,otherwise说明的从句内容和过去事实相反,指如果不被交通阻塞困住,主句用would/should/could/might +have+过去分词,故选C。

【名师点睛】
虚拟语气中,非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来,只暗含在副词、介词短语、上下文或其他方式表示出来,这种句子叫做含蓄条件句,在多数情况下,条件会暗含在短语中,如otherwise…,without…,but for…(要不是因为...)等
But for his help, we would be working now.
要不是他的帮助,我们还会在工作呢。

Without your instruction, I would not have made such great progress.
要是没有你的指导,我不会取得如此大的进步。

We didn’t know his telephone number, otherwise we would have telephoned him.
我们不知道他的电话号码,否则我们就会给他打电话。

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