高二英语Unit11—Scientificachievements（II）人教版知识精讲

⾼⼆英语Unit11—Scientificachievements（II）⼈教版知识精讲
⾼⼆英语Unit 11—Scientific achievements（II）⼈教版
【本讲教育信息】
⼀. 教学内容：
Unit 11—Scientific achievements（II）
⼆. 单元难点句解析（II）
三. 构词知识（I）
知识总结与归纳：
（⼀）单元难点句解析：
1. It showcases China’s hi-tech successes achieved under 863 programme.
这次⾼科技展览展⽰了863计划下中国所取得的⾼科技成果。

achieved under 863 programme过去分词短语做定语修饰China’s hi-tech successes；与被修饰词是被动关系，
2. The 863 Programme and the new technologies have directly and indirectly helped China’s economic construction and strengthened its social development.
863计划及其新技术都直接或间接帮助了中国的经济建设并且加强了社会发展。

strengthen：（动词）加强。

His words strengthened my courage.
注意构词形式：strong –strength –strengthen
类似的单词还有：shorten; sharpen; encourage; enlarge; enrich
3. RED HOT ACHIEVEMENT
red hot：在此表⽰：最新的，最近的；相当于：latest; 如：red hot news; 此外还表⽰：炽热的，激进的，如：
He made a red hot speech at the meeting.
4. China has long been a leader in the field of genetic research aimed at improving agriculture.
针对提⾼农业的基因研究领域⾥，中国长期以来⼀直处于领先地位。

in the field of：在……领域⾥
aimed at improving agriculture：过去分词短语做定语修饰genetic research aim at…瞄准，⽬的在于……
The research aimed at curing cancer will soon break through.
5. In 2002, Chinese scientists announced that they had completed their part of the international human genome project, proving that Chinese scientists are among the world’s best.
2002年中国科学家宣布他们已经完成了国际⼈类基因组项⽬中⾃⼰承担的任务，从⽽证明了中国科学家是世界上⼀流的。

announce：宣布，显⽰，可以表⽰为句型：It is announced that….
The airport announced that all the flights were cancelled because of bad weather.
Has it been announced when the planes are to take off ?
proving that Chinese scientists are among the world’s best：现在分词短语做状语。

表⽰补充说明。

He went there, hoping to find some useful information.
She suggested shopping on Friday, pointing out that the supermarket would be very crowded at weekend.
6. For the first time ever, scientists have been able to create a chemical element that can fight caner cells.
科学家第⼀次能够创造出⼀种抗癌细胞的化学成分。

For the first time ever：有史以来第⼀次。

ever与⽐较级，最⾼级，序数词表⽰“曾经”“有史以来”“任何时候”
I ran faster than ever, reaching the schoolyard out of breath.
It was the best result that they’ve ever had.
He is the greatest poet that ever lived.
四. 构词知识（II）
（⼀）常见的否定意义的前缀或后缀：
1. dis-：disappear; disappearance; disagree; disagreement; discolour; dishonest; dishonesty; disappointed
2. im-：impossible; impossibility; immovable; immoral
3. in-：invisible; independence; injustice;
4. il-：illegal; illogical
5. mis-：misunderstand; mislead; mistake; misprint;
6. un-：unexpected; unforgettable; unsuccessful; unable; unknown;
unlike;
7.-less：careless; useless; hopeless; homeless; regardless
（⼆）常见的名词后缀：
1. –ion；-ation：evolution；constitution；expression；education；invention；suggestion；education； admiration；examination；graduation；communication
2. –ment：achievement；arrangement；basement；movement；announcement
3. –ness：happiness；willingness；darkness
4. –ity：activity；responsibility；possibility；ability；equality
5. –ship：relationship；friendship；leadership
（三）常见的形容词后缀：
1. –ive；-ative：impressive；active；connective；creative；defensive
2. –able；-ible：acceptable；visible；incurable；responsible；reliable；
accessible
3. –ous：mountainous；dangerous；glorious
4. –al：official；chemical；financial；potential；economical
（四）具有特殊意义的前缀：
1. anti-：（反抗，排斥，阻⽌）：antisocial; antibody; antifreeze;
2. tele-：（距离上的远）：telephone; telegram; telecommunication;
3. trans-：（横过；转化；变化）：translate; transport; transfer; transmit;
transfusion
4. re-：（重复，向后，相互，反）：rebuild; repeat; reconstruction;
五. 总结：本单元重点短语与句型：
1. have…in common
2. have in store
3. home to…
4. set foot in..
5. have a positive effect on…
6. rely on / upon…
7. come to life..
8. contribute to …
9. put forward….
10. aim at…
11. in the field of…
12. 疑问词+do you think / believe / suppose +陈述句？
13. Whatever引导的状语或名词性从句。

14. sb. be likely to do…或 It’s likely that＋陈述句。

15. Not all等部分否定意义的表达。

16. 抽象名词与具体意义名词的转化。

【典型例题】
⼀. 单项选择：
1. What is most ____ time to find him at home ?
A. possible
B. likely
C. probable
D.
like
分析：最有可能什么时间在家能找到他？likely在此做定语。

Possible和probable都没有最⾼级形式。

答案：B
2. We got ___ and didn’t notice the time.
A. talked
B. to talk
C. talking
D. to be
talking
分析：我们开始谈起来没有注意到时间。

get talking开始谈话. get doing=start doing。

答案：C
3. Let’s go and arrange ___ him ___ the board.
A. for; with
B. of; in
C. on; of
D. with;
about
分析：我们和他⼀起去安排伙⾷吧。

arrange with sb. about sth.：与某⼈⼀起安排某事。

答案：D
4. At the meeting, they ____ many solutions to the problem.
A. put up
B. put forward
C. put on
D. put in
分析：在会上他们提出了多种解决问题的⽅案。

put up：举起，建造，张贴；put forward：提出；put on：上演，穿⾐服；put in：投⼊，提交。

答案：B
5. The success of this project ____ everyone making an effort.
A. relies on
B. cares for
C. reminds of
D.
calls up
分析：成功依赖每个⼈的努⼒。

答案：A
6. ____ that the national science conference will soon be held in Jinan.
A. It announces
B. It is announced
C. It declares
D. It declared
分析：已经宣布这次科技⼤会将在济南举⾏。

句型：It is announced that….
答案：B
⼆. 翻译句⼦：
1. 别指望我能给你任何帮助。

2. ⽗母的⾔⾏对孩⼦的影响很⼤。

3. 他们已经采取了⼀些旨在减少道路交通事故的措施。

4. 我给Bill写信感谢他对我的帮助。

5. ⾃从和爷爷⽣活在⼀起，这个沉默寡⾔的⼥孩变得活泼起来。

6. 他们两个并⾮来⾃同⼀个国家。

7. 吸烟有可能会引发⼼脏病。

答案：
1. Don’t rely on me to give you any help.
2. What parents say and do has great effects on their children.
3. They’ve taken some measures aimed at reducing road accident.
4. I wrote to Bill thanking him for his help.
5. The silent girl has come to life since she lived with her grandfather.
6. Not both of them are from the same country.
7. Smoking can contribute to heart disease.
【模拟试题】（答题时间：60分钟）
⼀. 单项选择：
1. You are very _______ to be late again unless you get there by bus.
A. likely
B. possible
C. probable
D.
proper
2. Only those who really _____ the spirits of the Chinese poems can successfully translate them into English.
A. catch
B. master
C. grasp
D.
require
3. Trains late arrival made ____ quite impossible to get to Shanghai before
eleven.
A. them
B. it
C. this
D. what
4. There are dozens of famous universities and research institutes in the northwest of the US. Harvard and Yale Universities ____.
A. included
B. including
C. include
D. are
including
5. The manager tried to _____ the young man to stay in the company, but
he failed.
A. advise
B. persuade
C. suggest
D. achieve
6. The old tower must be saved, ____ the cost.
A. whichever
B. whatever
C. however
D. wherever
7. Sarah, hurry up. I’m afraid you wouldn’t have time to ___ before the
party.
A. get changed
B. get change
C. get changing
D. get to
change
⼆. 完型填空：
“Do you think we’ll win?” ten-year-old Tyrus Lucas asked his mother 1 he wrote his name on the entry（参赛作品）to Cartoon Network's toy sweepstakes.
“We can 2 ,” said his mother, a divorced mother who worked as a teacher and struggled to 3 her kids. She didn’t have much cash for 4 .
A week later the phone rang. “Your son won our drawing!” a woman 5
“Great,”cried his mother, “Which 6 did he win?”
“All of them. A thousand toy s!”
The next Saturday when the doorbell of their home rang, Tyrus, not 7 the surprise, opened the door and his face 8 up. “Mum,”he cried.“Cartoon Network is here?”
So were dozens of 9 kids who had run over to the cartoon-covered truck. They jumped 10 as hundreds of toys tumbled from the truck's back doors.
Tyrus thought he could 11 his whole room with them. But as he looked at the children around him, he 12 . The others in their working-class neighborhood didn’t have 13 either.
“Here,” he said, 14 a doll to a little girl. Then he handed a boy
a Lite Brite. “Take 15 you want,” Tyrus told the kids—and they did,
16 him over and over.
Tyrus kept several games, but he wasn't done giving. “Why don't we give some to your 17 , Mom?” he asked. They 18 almost l00 toys to the elementary school where she worked. “The fi rst thing my son thought of was to 19 ,” his mother says, beaming. “I’m so 20 of him.”
1. A. though B. as C. as long as D. so that
2. A. guess B. ask C. wait D. try
3. A. support B. promise C. treat D. consider
4. A. drawings B. extras C. food D. contests
5. A. declared B. explained C. celebrated D. praised
6. A. prize B. pay C. toy D. wealth
7. A. seeing B. helping C. knowing D. enjoying
8. A. lighted B. looked C. turned D. set
9. A. attractive B. warm C. helpful D.
excited
10. A. off B. out C. clown D. up and down
11. A. join B. fill C. teach D. look
12. A. worried B. stopped C. laughed D. examined
13. A. much B. them C. little D. qualities
14. A. showing B. moving C. handing D.
driving
15. A. wherever B. however C. whenever D. whatever
16. A. troubling B. disturbing C. reminding D. thanking
17. A. school B. friends C. students D. children
18. A. contributed B. delivered C. sold D. lent
19. A. take B. create C. give D.
forgive
20. A. fond B. proud C. sure D. kind
三. 阅读理解：
Cancer is among the top killer diseases in our society today and scientists have found out that stress helps to bring it on. It is worthwhile to consider, therefore, what are the causes of stress in our life, and whether we can do anything about them.
Are we underemployed, or overburdened with too many responsibilities? Do we have a right balance of work and leisure in our lives? Are our relationships with family, friends or fellow workers all they should be?
All these things can be a cause of stress, and it is best to face them honestly, and to bring our frustrations into the open. People who have a good row and then forget it are doing their health better than those who bottle up their feelings.
If our self-examination has brought any causes of stress to light, let us consider what we can do about them. It is possible to change jobs. We can make more leisure and fill it more happily, if we will accept a different living standard. We can improve our personal relationships by a different attitude. It is we who allow other people to make ourselves unhappy. Often the little things that disturb us are not worth an hour's anger. The teaching in the Bible "Don't let the sun go down upon your wrath" is
good advice from the health point of view as well as the religions.
1. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. Freedom from responsibilities helps relieve stress.
B. Stress is the direct cause of cancer.
C. The causes of stress are worthy of serious study.
D. Cancer is the number one killer in our society today.
2. According to the text, which of the following types of people is more likely to suffer from stress?
A. People who have cancer.
B. People who like to quarrel with others.
C. People whose living standard is low.
D. People who have more responsibilities than they can handle.
3. Judging from the context, the word “row” in the third paragraph most
probably means __
A. a noisy quarrel
B. a very loud noise
C. a neat line of things side by side
D. a journey in a boat
4. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a way to reduce our stress?
A. Changing our jobs.
B. Changing our attitude about little things that make us unhappy.
C. Speaking out about our frustrations.
D. Reading the Bible.
【试题答案】
⼀. 单项选择：
1. A 你有可能⼜要迟到了。

句型：sb. be likely to do sth.
2. C 真正理解或领会了中国诗歌的精髓。

3. B ⽕车晚点使在11点以前到上海变为不可能了。

句型：make it possible/impossible t do sth.
4. A 注意include的两种结构：including something 和something included.
5. A 由but he failed可知未能说服对⽅。

Persuade：说服；advise：只表达劝说，不强调结果。

6. B ⽆论花费多少都要拯救这座古塔。

Whatever引导让步状语从句。

7. A get changed：换⾐服。

这⾥是get +过去分词结构。

⼆. 完型填空：
1. B
2. D try（尽⼒）体现了母亲的⿎励态度。

3. A
4. B extra（额外）能全⾯说明问题。

5. A 正式通知者应该declared（宣布）这个事实。

6. C
7. C 选knowing符合下⽂Tyrus吃惊的态度。

8. A Tyrus脸上⽴刻发光，显⽰了他的⾼兴。

9. D 10. D 11. B 12. B 13. A
14. C Tyrus想到其他孩⼦们，递玩具。

15. D
16. D 其他孩⼦拿到玩具，应感谢。

17. A 18. A 19. C
20. B Tyrus的⾏为．母亲也感到骄傲。

三. 阅读理解：
1. C 推理判断题。

⽂章的开头说明了压⼒会促使癌症的产⽣，⽽且值得考虑。

从第⼆段的开头可以知道many responsibilities 会造成压⼒，但并不意味着我们可以脱离任何责任，A项不⽌确；癌症的直接原因还没有找到，所以B项不正确。

cancer只是排在前列，并不是第⼀位，D项不正确。

2. D 细节考查。

⽂章的第⼆段向我们说明了哪些⼈容易有压⼒。

A项是压⼒造成的结果，并⾮原因。

B项说喜欢和⼈吵架，⽂章没有涉及。

C项说⽣活⽔平低的⼈，⽂章也没有涉及。

⽽我们可以从overburdened with too many responsibilities 得出责任太多的⼈最容易因为压⼒太⼤引起⾝体不适，所以D项正确。

3. A 句意理解题。

have a good row 的⼈和bottle up their feelings 的⼈作⽐较，前者更容易免于压⼒。

bottle up their feelings 的意思是“隐藏感情”，那么have a good row的意思就是“宣泄感情”，吵架也是宣泄的⼀种⽅式，A项正确，其他三项均不符合题意。

4. D 推理判断题。

⽂章中涉及减轻压⼒的⽅法说到更换⼯作，改变⽣活态度和宣泄内⼼的苦闷与情感，这些在⽂章中都提过，所以A、B、C项正确，不能选。

⽂章的最后选⾃圣经Don’t let the Sun go down upon your wrath的—句话只是⽤来⿎励⼈们的，并不是减轻压⼒的⽅法，得出D项错误。