2021年初中英语语法：时间状语从句解析和练习题(含答案)

2021年初中英语语法：时间状语从句解析和练习题(含答案)
在句子中起时间状语作用的句子称为时间状语从句。

时间状语从句可以放在句首、句中和句尾。

引导时间状语从句的词有when、while、as、before、after、since、until/till、as soon as、once、each time、next time、the moment、immediately、instantly等。

（一）when引导的时间状语从句
1）when意为“当......时”，引导时间状语从句，表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时或先后发生
例句：Faith is the bird that feels the light when the dawn is still dark. 信念是黎明前的黑夜里能感受到光明的鸟儿。

例句：When I was wandering in the street, I met her. 我在街上徘徊的时候遇到了她。

2）when引导的时间状语从句中的动词可以用延续性的=动词，也可以用终止性动词
例句：He was listening to the music when I went in. 当我进去的时候，他正在听音乐。

例句：I will visit my parents when I have time. 我有空时会去看望我的父母。

（二）while引导的时间状语从句
While引导的时间状语从句，常译为“与......同时，在......期间”，while引导的从句常用延续性动词或表示状态的动词。

例句：They rushed in while we were discussing problems. 当我们正在讨论问题时，他们冲了进来。

例句：Make hay while the sun is shining. （谚）趁热打铁。

（三）as引导的时间状语从句
As引导的时间状语从句，可以表达“正当，一边一边，随着”等意思。

1）表示某事一发生，另一件事立即发生
例句：As the sun rose the fog disappeared. 太阳一出来无就消散了。

例句：They strolled into the garden as the music ceased. 音乐一停，他们就走进花园。

2）表示在某事发生的过程中另一件事发生
例句：We always sing as we walk. 我们总是边走边唱。

（两个动作都是一般时态）
例句：Just as he was speaking there was a loud explosion. 正当他说话时，一个剧烈的爆炸声传来。

（从句进行时）
3）表示两个动作同时发生
例句：He smiled as he passed. 他路过的时候笑了一下。

（两个都是短暂动作）
例句：He saw that she was smiling as she read. 他看到她一边看书一边笑。

（两个都是延续性动作）
例句：We get wiser as we get older. 我们随着年龄的增长而变得聪明起来。

（随着时间的变化而变化）
（四）before引导的时间状语从句
Before意为“在......之前”，引导时间状语从句时，表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前。

例句：Before I could get in a word, he always gave orders. 我还来不及插话，他已经吩咐下去了。

例句：Mr. Brown had worked in a bank for a year before he came here. 布朗先生来这之前已经在一家银行里工作一年了。

（五）after引导的时间状语从句
After意为“在......之后”，引导时间状语从句时，表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之后。

例句：After you use plastic bags, you mustn't throw them about. 用完塑料袋后，不准到处乱扔。

例句：Please let me know your decision after you have thought it over. 你仔细考虑过之后请告诉我你的决定。

注意！若主句和从句两个动作发生的先后顺序十分接近，那么也可以不用完成时态。

例如：上面的第二句可改成Please let me know your decision after you think it over.
（六）since引导的时间状语从句
此时since常译为“自从......”，主句常用现在完成时，从句常用一般过去时。

例句：We have made many dumplings since we began to cook. 自从我们开始做饭起，我们已经包了许多饺子了。

例句：In the 12 months since I last wrote to you, a lot has happened to me. 自从我上次给你写信以来，这一年里我经历了许多事。

注意！常用句型：It is/has been+时间段+since从句常译为“自从......有多长时间了”。

例句：It's been years since I enjoyed myself so much. 我已有很多年没有这样痛快过了。

（七）until/till引导的时间状语从句
Until/till意为“直到......时”，引导时间状语从句时，表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前。

当主句的谓语动词是持续性动词时，主句常用肯定形式；当主句的谓语动词是非持续性动词时，主句常用否定形式，not...until...意为“直到......才......”，这时的until可以用before来替换。

例句：I'll stay here until you come back. 我会待在这里，直到你回来。

（stay表示的动作可以持续）
例句：He did n't leave home until his father came back. 他直到父亲回家才离开。

（leave home表示的动作不能持续）
（八）as soon as引导的时间状语从句
As soon as意为“一......就......”，表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作马上就发生。

例句：The boy run to the cinema as soon as his father went out. 他的父亲一出去，男孩就去电影院了。

例句：As soon as I reach Canada, I will ring you up. 我一到加拿大，就给你打电话。

（九）once引导的时间状语从句
Once引导的时间状语从句暗含条件意味，意为“一旦......就......”。

例句：Once you begin, you must go on. 一旦你开始了，就要继续下去。

例句：Once having made a promise, you should keep it. 一旦许诺，就要遵守。

（十）名词短语引导的时间状语从句
名词短语the moment、the minute、the instant、the time、the hour、the day、by the time、each time、every time、next time、any time等也可引导时间状语从句。

例句：The moment I saw him, I knew there was still hope. 我一看到他就知道还有希望。

例句：Every time I saw the straw hat, it reminded me of the tour I made years ago. 每当我看到那顶草帽，就想起几年前的那次旅游。

例句：I thought it is beautiful and clean the first time I arrived the city. 我第一次来到这座城市就觉得它很漂亮、很干净。

（十一）其他连词引导的时间状语从句
Immediately、instantly、directly引导时间状语从句。

例句：Make sure the property you are buying is insured immediately you exchange contracts.
交换合同，就应立刻给所购房产买保险。

例句：Directly you feel any points, you must go to the doctor. 你一感觉不舒适就应该找医生。

例句：Please write to me instantly you arrive. 你一到就给我写信。

注意！No sooner...than...、hardly/scarcely/barely...when...引导的表示时间的句子，主句在前面，从句用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时。

例句：No sooner had the sun shown itself above the horizon than he got out of bed to commence work. 太阳刚从地平线上升起，他就起床劳动去了。

（=The sun had no sooner shown itself above the horizon than he got out of bed to commence work.）
例句：Hardly had I explained the reason to him when he stopped listening. 我还没来得及向他解释原因，他就不听了。

（=I had hardly told him the reason when he stopped listening.）
【专项训练】
在下列各句的空格中填入适当的连词
1. ____________ he comes tomorrow, I shall ask where he has been.
2. ____________ he was speaking, everybody listened carefully.
3. I saw her just ____________ she was getting off the train.
4. Have a good look at that man ____________ you pass him.
5. It was already eight o’clock ____________ we got there.
6. I was about to go out ____________ a visitor came.
7. We’ll g o to the country at the beginning of June, ____________ the summer harvest will start.
8. He learned to speak German ____________ he was in Berlin.
9. Henry is in charge of the office ____________ Mr. Smith is away.
10. I listen to the recorder ____________ I have time.
11. He had learned Chinese ____________ he came to China.
12. ____________ the work was done, we sat down to sum up experience.
13. I haven’t seen him ____________ he moved to the other side of the town.
14. I waited ____________ he came back.
15. It was not ____________ he took off his eyeglasses that I recognized him.
16. She likes everything to be in place ____________ she starts to work.
17. The thieves ran away ____________ they caught sight of the police.
18. They decided to go back home ____________ their money ran out.
19. We played outside till sunset, ____________ it began to rain.
20. ____________ I get to the airport, I will phone you to pick me up.
21. They were about to leave ____________ it began to rain.
22. He always stay in bed ____________ lunch time.
23. I like playing tennis ____________ my younger sister prefers watching ball games.
24. ____________ I understand your viewpoint, I don’t agree with you.
25. ____________ she grew older, she became more responsible.
答案：1. When 2. While / When 3. as 4. when/as 5. when
6. when
7. when
8. while
9. while 10. whenever
11. before 12. After 13. since 14. till/until 15. until
16. before 17. as soon as 18. before 19. when 20. As soon as
21. when 22. until 23. while 24. While 25. As。