英语(一)串讲(文字)

英语（一）串讲（文字）
英语一串讲第一部分
单元重点句型和常考句子
Unit One
1. 主语+find + it + 形容词+to do sth. Some people who are very intelligent and successful in their fields find it difficult to succeed in language learning. （line2）They find it easy to practice using the language regularly because they want to learn with it. (line 38)
2. It is + 形容词+for sb. +to do sth. It is + 形容词比较级+to do sth.+ than + to do sth. It is necessary for them to learn the language in order to communicate with these people and to learn from them. （Line 36）It is more important for them to learn to think in the language than to know the meaning of every word. (Line 32) 3 ….shows / showed that 从句Language learning research shows that successful language learners are similar in many ways. （Line 14）4. Language learning is different from other kinds of learning. (Line 6) 5. Instead of waiting for the teacher to explain, they try to find the patterns and rules for themselves. (Line19-20) 6. On the other hand, if your language learning has been less than successful, you might do well to try some of the technique outlined above.
Unit Two
1. … spend + (时间、钱等) on sth. 在…上花费时间、钱等… spend + (时间、钱等) in doing sth. 花费时间、钱等做.. They say that it spends too much on useless and impractical programs. （L35）他们说政府在一些没有用处的、不切实际的项目上花钱太多。

2. Taxes consist of the money which people pay to support their government. (L5)
3. The percentage varies from person to person. (L11)
4. With the high cost of taxes, people are not very happy on April 15, when the federal taxes are due. (L14)
5. Other states have a sales tax , which is a percentage charged to any item which you buy in that state. (L20)
6. Although Americans have different views on many issues, they tend to agree on one subject: taxes are too high. (最后一行)
Unit Three
1. 表示倍数的句型：倍数+ as + 形容词+ as The Atlantic Ocean is only half as big as the Pacific. 大西洋只有太平洋的一半大。

2. so +形容词 that 从句/ such + 形容词+ that 从句表示如此… 以至于…There is so much water in the Atlantic that it is hard to imagine how much there is . 大西洋里有如此多的水，以致于很难想象到底有多少。

We now have such fast ways of traveling that this big ocean seems to have grown smaller. 如今我们有许多如此之快的旅行方式，以致于大西洋几乎变得渺小了。

3. It takes sb. + 时间+ to do sth. 花费某人（多长）时间做某件事It would take the ocean about 4,000 years to dry up. 大西洋的水大约4,000 就会干涸。

4. For centuries it kept the Americas from being discovered by the people of Europe. 几个世纪以来大西洋使美洲没有被欧洲人发现。

5. ocean currents affect the climates of the lands near which they flow.洋流影响着它所流经地区附近陆地的气候。

Unit Four1. Psychological research has focused on a number of basic principles that help memory. (Para. 1) 2. Information that does not make any sense to you is difficult to remember. (Para. 2) 3.How useful would a library be if the books were kept in random order? (Para. 3) 4.Categorizing is another means of organization. (Para. 3) 5. Needless to say, the second list can be remembered more easily than the first one. (Para. 3)
Unit Five
1. Some savage tribes believed that eating enemies that had shown bravery in battle would make them brave.
2. Man-eating may have started because people were eager to become as strong and brave as their enemies.
3. Fish is good brain food just as it is good muscle food and skin food and bone food.
4. Washing food down with water as a substitute for chewing is not a good idea.
5. It is just as foolish to say that one should never eat meat and potatoes together as it is to say that one should never eat bread or drink milk.
Unit Six
1. In the 1600's , travelers from Europe _______(bring) back diamonds from India.
(00.4) 答案为brought 。

考点是一般过去时，bring 是不规则动词，过去式是brought.
2. There are only four areas ______ very many diamonds have been found. (02.10) A. when B. where C. that D. which 答案为B。

考点是定语从句。

先行词为areas，因此用where 引导定语从句。

3. In the 1720's , diamonds _______(discover) in Brazil.
(02.10) 答案为were discovered。

考点是一般过去式的被动式，因为In the 1720's 是明显的过去时的时间状语。

4. The real difference between plants and animals ______ in what they do , and not in what they seem to be. (01.10) A. is laid B. is lain C. lays D. lies 答案是D。

考点是lie in 在于。

Lie 的词型变化为lie , lay , lain 5. We now know that about ______ all the kinds of seaweed are animals. (01.10) A. one fourth B. one fourth of C. one four of D. the one fourth 答案为B。

考点是四分之一的表达，并且根据本句的意思还要加上所属格of .此句的意思为"我们现在知道了在各种海草中约有四分之一是动物。

6. Animals can live only on ______ plants have already turned form inorganic to vegetable matter. (01.10) A. that B. which C. what D. how 答案是C . 此句的意思是动物只能靠植物将无机物转换成植物性物质来生活。

What 引导宾语从句做on 的介词宾语。

7. The first ______(know) area was in India, where diamonds were found thousands of years ago.（01.10）答案是known 。

考点是过去分词做定语。

Text B 1. Your first thought might be that a plant has leaves and roots and flowers, which an animal has not. 2. Students of Nature are not satisfied with guessing. 大自然的研究者不满足于猜测。

3. They see many things most people would fail to see.他们看到了大多数人看不到的许多东西。

4. Besides the water, it takes up such parts of the soil as are dissolved in the water. 此句是as 引导的定语从句。

可以翻译为"植物还吸收土壤中那些溶于水的东西。

" 5. Here then , you see in what ways the food of the plant is different form that of animals. 现在，你就可以明白植物的食物与动物的食物在那些方面有区别
Unit Seven1. Generally , the children stay in the nuclear family ______ they grow up and marry. A. although B. as C. until D. where 答案是 C. until ：表示直到… 才 2. Traditionally , all the members of an _______(extend ) family lived in the same area. 答案是extended extended 。

extended 在这里是形容词，表示展开的，延伸的。

3.汉译英：大多数单亲父母发现独自照顾家庭很困难。

Most single parents find it difficult to take care of family alone. Text B 1. In addition , the traditional husband usually made the big decisions about spending money. 2. Also, the traditional husband did not help his wife with the housework or meal preparation. Help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事3. Their mother is busy getting ready for work, so they may even have to make their own breakfast.
Unit Eight1. By the middle of the century, both radio and television had become established means of transmitting sounds and /or pictures. 2. Satellites are capable of transmitting not only television broadcasts, but telephone calls and printed materials such as books and magazines. 3. The satellite also demonstrated how it could provide help to people living in isolated areas where transportation is difficult.
4. Another worry is that telecommunication systems may isolate people from each other.
Unit Nine1. There are those words with which we become familiar in ordinary conversation. 2. On the other hand, our language includes a large number of words which are relatively seldom used in ordinary conversation. On the other hand 另一方面; a large number of 大量的，修饰可数名词Used 过去分词作状语。

3. Their meanings are known to every educated person. 4. The difference between them and popular words is of great importance to a right understanding of language.be + of + 名词= be + 形容词;操练：相互理解对于友谊是至关重要的。

Understanding each other is of great importance to friendship. 5. Different opinions may come up as to the classification of any particular word. 操练：如果形势变坏，可能出现严重问题。

Serious problems may come up if the situation becomes worse.
Unit Ten1. There are scientific ways in which man solves problems. 人们可以以科学的方法来解决问题。

2. Problems arise in a variety of ways. 问题出现的方式有多种方式。

3. Problems are arising from new discoveries in the fields of nuclear physics,
biological engineering and microelectronics. 问题多产生于核物理、生物工程和微电子领域的新发现。

4. The development of industry has also brought about large numbers of problems which have to be solved. 工业的发展也带来了大量的必须解决的问题。

5. Often this means going to the library and studying books which contain accounts of man's experience and knowledge of the problem. Means 后面接动名词作宾语，表示"意味着"。

后面接动词不定式表示"企图，打算去做… "。

英语一串讲第一部分
单元重点句型和常考句子
Unit Eleven
1. Sorting through their possessions, they came up with some 1,500 old, unwanted items.
2. Eager buyers bought all but 50 of the items in one weekend, leaving the family $442 richer.
3. Garage-sale items usually are priced at a very small part of their original cost.
4. One psychologist suggests that people are fed up with the computerization of their lives. They spend their weekends going from sale to sale , hoping to run across a real treasure.
Unit Twelve1. For students , almost all studying involves reading.对学生来说，差不多所有的学习都涉及到阅读。

involve 后接动名词作宾语。

2. The purpose of scanning is to get a quick understanding of what to expect from the reading, so that you will know what you are reading as you go along. (para.4)浏览的目的是迅速了解能从阅读中获取什么，这样你就在阅读过程中清楚你读的内容。

3. The expression "haste makes waste" does not apply to reading.“欲速则不达”这个说法并不适用于阅读。

4. Remember , nothing hurts concentration more than reading too slowly.要记住，没有什么比读得太慢更能影响注意力集中了。

5. By always reading at your top speed, you challenge your understanding and make it easier for your mind to concentrate on the material.通过始终以最快速度阅读，你向你的理解力提出挑战，从而使你的思想更容易集中在你的阅读材料上。

6. The more words you are familiar with, the less you are aware of reading words and the more you are aware of content and meaning .你认识的单词越多，你越不觉得你是在读词，而越觉得你在理解内容和意义。

扩大词汇会帮助你读得更快，效果更好。

7. Many people simply skip over words they do not understand.很多人对不理解的单词只是单纯地跳过去。

8. Other people stop at each new word and look it up in the dictionary, but this method can slow down your reading, affecting concentration and comprehension. 9. But you can build your vocabulary without using a dictionary each time. 10. The key to the method is to be alert to new words.使用这个方法的关键是特别留意生词。

Unit Thirteen
1. The American consumer often feels constantly disturbed by insurance agents. (para.1)
2. Three reasons why we are unwilling to discuss insurance can be suggested. (para.3) reason 后面定语从句的关系副词由why 来引导。

be unwilling to do sth.表示"不愿意做…"
3. In effect , they pay as much for the insurance as they do for the car itself. (para.3) In effect 实际上，本句意思是：实际上，他们买保险付的钱和买汽车付的钱一样多。

4. Insurance also reminds us that we live in an unsafe world. (para.4) 保险也提醒我们生活在一个不安全的世界里。

5. We would rather talk about
football or the weather or what we had for lunch. (para.4) Would rather宁愿，更愿，后接动词原形。

He would rather join you in this work than stay at home .他宁愿和你们一起参加这项工作，而不愿呆在家里。

有时would rather 后可跟一个名词从句，这时从句中的动词要用虚拟语气形式，从句谓语动词用过去时。

例如：I would rather you came tomorrow than today.我宁愿你明天来。

I would rather you didn't tell him now .我宁愿你现在不告诉他。

6. We feel inadequate and try to hide our ignorance by avoiding discussions of insurance. (para.5) 7. We don't depend entirely on salespeople when we buy a car,a house,or a suit of clothes. Neither should we depend entirely on the agent when we buy insurance. (para.6) depend entirely on完全依赖于8. The intelligent consumer looks problems in the face. (para.7) 9. Although insurance can be complex, its basic concepts are neither difficult nor impossible to learn. neither….nor 既不…. 也不10. Insurance fundamentals can be understood by those willing to study them . "Willing to study them"是those 的定语。

Unit Fourteen
1. This is what manners are about: acting in a civilized way to avoid misunderstanding, friction, and conflict. (para.1) avoid 后面要接动名词作宾语。

2. Yet we cannot interact with others without some rules of behavior, rules that are set by some form of social consensus.(para.2) interact with与….打交道
3. Rude people are those whose behavior shows little respect for the rules that the majority follow.(para.2)某些人的行为很少尊重大多数人所遵从的准则，他们就是粗鲁的人。

4. They are not even aware that this habit will bother the other members of the audience. (para.2) 注意此句的翻译 be aware that 表示意识到….. 他们甚至意识不到这种习惯会影响其他观众。

5. It is better to remain unknown than to make people hate you. (para.3) "make"后面接省略to 的不定式作宾补。

6. Kids who have no idea what being polite means will pay the price sooner or later. (para.4)不知什么叫礼貌的孩子们迟早要为此付出代价的。

7. Since getting a job is usually based on making the right impression, it is always a good idea to be kind and polite. " be based on"建立在…基础上；on 是介词后面要接动名词。

Unit Fifteen
1. For more than a quarter of a century, evidence has been increasing that children's exposure to violence on television has long-lasting effects on their behavior. (para.1)
2. Children naturally often want the toys shown on and advertised during these programs. (para. 3) Shown on 与advertised 都是过去分词作定语修饰toys 。

3. Children simply imitate the behavior observed during the program, thus undermining both the imaginative and the expressive functions of play. (para. 3) observed 是过去分词作定语修饰behavior .
4. Some research even suggests that children apply the behaviors observed on TV programs to their real-life situations. (para. 3) "apply … to …" 把… 应用到…. 上
5. It is a good idea for parents to monitor the amount as well as the kind of television their preschool child watches. (para. 4)父母监督学龄前儿童所看电视的数量及种类，这是一个好主意。

6. Many preschool teachers do not like to have commercially made toy weapons brought into the classroom and welcome hearing
your concerns about this matter. (para. 6) 7. Look for other parents who share your views (para.6)还可以找找与你们持有同样看法的其他父母。

Unit Sixteen
1. The death rate from the disease has been increasing at an alarming speed for the past thirty years.(para.1)
2. Western health -care systems are spending huge sums of money on the surgical treatment of the disease. (para.1)
3. The emphasis on treatment is clearly associated with the technological advances that have taken place in the past ten to fifteen years.
4. More and more people are realizing that there is a connection between heart disease and the way they live.
5. Many are paying more attention to reducing stress in their lives.
Unit Seventeen
1. Frightened by the thought that she was having a heart attack, Anne screamed for help. (para.1)
2. More and more Americans nowadays are having panic attacks like the one experienced by Anne Peters.(para.2)
3. A person seized by a panic attack may show all or as few as four of these symptoms. (para.4)
4. There has been a lot of explanations as to the causes of panic attacks. (para.5)
5. It is reported that there are at least three signs that indicate a person is suffering from a panic attack rather than a heart attacks. (para.6)
6. It is generally agreed that a panic attack does not directly endanger a person's life.
Unit Eighteen
1. The oldest known map in the accepted sense of the word was drawn about 3,800 BC. (para.1)
2. It was not until many centuries later that the ancient Greeks placed the science of map-making on a sound footing. it was not until ….that 直到…才
3. Given the state of knowledge of those times, he got things wrong; for example, his estimate of China and the Atlantic Ocean was far from being accurate. Given鉴于，考虑到；far from 远远不…
4. North at the top remained the accepted arrangement until the early Middle Ages, when the Church began to interfere seriously with the advance of science.
Unit Nineteen
1. An animal species becomes extinct when it fails to produce enough young in each generation to keep pace with the death-rate. (para.1)
2. A number of examples can be given of the way in which natural environment are being rapidly changed- Amazonia, for instance. (para.2)
3. Often the numbers are so great the hunters may not realize the danger. (para.2)
4. It is important to realize, though, that animals are sometimes killed out of fear. (para.2)
5. Many people are concerned about animals and wildlife conservation. (para.3)
Unit Twenty
1. In the same way that disease range from the common cold to fatal forms of cancer, crimes vary in degree. (para. 2 , Text A)
2. In addition to breaking the law themselves, people tolerate various levels of crime. (para.3)
3. It may be that, by seeing others do something, we accept it more easily. (para.3) see sb. do sth.
看见某人做某事，省略to 的不定式。

4. For instance, most people will find it easier to speed on a highway when everybody else is driving over the speed limit. (para.
3) 5. We become used to seeing blood on the news on television, or in full color in newspapers and magazines. (para.4) 6. Yet , when it comes to respecting the rights of a mass of anonymous individuals, we might not be so responsible.
Unit Twenty-one
1. Uncertainty spreads through our lives so thoroughly that it dominates our language. (para.1)
2. Our everyday speech is made up in large part of words like probably, many, soon , great , little. (para.1)
Unit Twenty-two
1．He assured us that he would be no better served by a fitness program than by learning to ply bridge. (para.1) 2. This student has seen being physically fit as an end rather than the means we know it to be. (para.2) see … as 把…看作…3. I'm already fit, and with my schedule, I'll have no difficulty staying that way. (para.4) have difficulty (in ) doing sth.做…有困难4. Keep in mind, however, that all people are different and some may progress faster than others.( para.12)
Unit Twenty-three
1. When someone is saying something with which he agrees, the average European will smile and nod approval.
2. In this way you signal your reactions, and communicate them to the speaker without saying a word.
3. I referred a moment ago to "the average European", because body language is very much tied to culture , and in order not to misunderstand, or not to be misunderstood, you must realize this.
4. A smiling Chinese , for instance, may not be approving but somewhat embarrassed .
5. Quite a lot of work is now being done on the subject of NVC.
6. In fact, non-verbal communication can , as the saying goes, speak volumes.
Unit Twenty-four
1. According to many scientists , the burning of rainforests is also directly contributing to the so-called greenhouse effect. (para.3)
2. The countries in which the rainforests are located are all quite poor and overpopulated. (para.6)
3. One of them , Brazil , has a population of 140 million, about half of whom are living in absolute poverty. (para.6)
4. The government often have no choice but to turn a blind eye. (para.6)
5. The local people could also be taught to earn more money by cutting the selected trees and making them into furniture on the spot. (para. 8)
Unit Twenty-five
1. American men don't cry because it is considered not characteristic of men to do so. (para.1)
2. Cry is a "weakness" characteristic of the female, and no American male wants to be identical with anything in the least weak or feminine. (para.1)
3. In a land so devoted to the pursuit of happiness as ours, crying really is rather un-American .(para.1)
4. Adults must learn not to cry in situations in which it is permissible for a child to cry. (para.1)
5. Women being the "weaker" and "dependent"
sex, it is only natural that they should cry in certain emotional situations. (para.1) 6. So goes the American belief with regard to crying. (para.1)。