高考英语一轮总复习 语法13 句子的种类课件 牛津译林版

must表“必须”时，用 needn’t提问。表推测时， 附加问句部分有时态变化。 请仔细观察、分析例句。
种类
疑 问 句
反 意 问 句
例句
I think that it is too expensive, isn’t it？ I don’t suppose that he will fail, will he？ I’m afraid he can’t come, can he？ He thinks you are a good student, doesn’t he？
—Li Ming dislikes maths, doesn‘t he？ 李明不喜欢数学，对吗？ —Yes，he does.不，他喜欢。 —No, he doesn't.是的，他不喜欢。
若陈述部分含有否定意义 的副词seldom, hardly, never, rarely, nowhere及否 定意义的代词few, nothing, nobody, none时，其附加 问句部分要用肯定式。但 是陈述句中有带否定前缀 (dis－， un－等)的词，不 能取代not被视为否定式。
种类
例句
附注
Go with me, will you/won‘t
祈
简 略 问 句
you？
Don‘t do that again, will you？祈使句的附加疑问句实际
Let’s go and listen to music, 上不是表疑问，而是加强
shall we？
语气或表示邀约。
Let us wait for you at the
使
school gate, will you？
句
特 殊 形 式
(A)
No passage. 禁止通行。 Hands up! 举起手来！ No smoking! 禁止吸烟！ This way, please. 请走这边。
这类句子被称为“无动词 祈使句”，通常用于口语 或警示性语句中。
种类
例句
附注
Work hard and you will
陈述部分的主句是
somebody, someone,
Nobody was hurt, were they/was he？ everyone, everybody, no
Somebody borrowed my coat
one, nobody等指人的不定
yesterday, didn't they？
代词时，附加问句部分的
陈述一件事情或表明一种 看法。
否定的方式有很多，我们 要掌握的常有： (1)在be, have(有)、情态动 词，助动词后＋not (2)在句中有其他副词： never, hardly, seldom, etc. (3)有形容词：no, few, little, etc. (4)有否定代词： nothing, nobody, none, neither, etc.
附注
1)这类问句呈以下形式：
wh－词＋do/does/did sb.
think
＋Believe Suppose
＋陈述句式＋...？
say 2)这类问句不能用“Yes”或
“No”来回答。
种类
例句
附注
疑 问 句
反 意 问 句
—The boy seldom goes there, does he？ 那男孩很少去那里，对吗？ —Yes, he does.不，他(常)去的。 —No, he doesn‘t.是的，他很少去。
这类句式的主体结构实际
特
succeed. ＝If you work hard, you will
succeed.
Word hard or you will fail. ＝If you don't work hard,
上是一种并列句，形成 “祈使句＋and＋陈述句 (谓语动词常用将来时态)”。 其使用频率很高，高考试 题中屡见不鲜。
class？
How many times...？问经
历多少次。
种类
疑 问 句
选 择 问 句
例句
—Would you like a beer or a whisky？ —A whisky. —Shall we leave at six or seven？ —We shall leave at six.
in your family？
时间。
How much money do you How soon...？问某事过多
have with you？
久发生。
Where do you come from？ How often...？问某一动作
Why are you often late for 发生的频率。
He is not in. She has not any books. We usually do not stay late. He can't be out. Li Hua never comes to school late. I know nothing about computer.
附注
物的不定代词时，附加问
句部分的主语用it。
He must leave at once, needn’t he？ He must be ill, isn’t he？
He must be waiting for us, isn’t he？
He must have read it, hasn’t he？
He must have left yesterday, didn’t he？
主语在口语中常用they，
正式文体用he。
种类
疑 问 句
反 意 问 句
例句
附注
陈述部分的主语是
Everything is ready, isn’t it？ something, anything,
Everything was going well, nothing, everything等指事
wasn't it？
种类
疑 问 句
一 般 问 句
例句
附注
Is Lily singing in the room？
Can you help me with my
English？ Do you know her very well？ Has she blue eyes？(Yes, she has)[英] Does she have blue eyes？
附注 不能用Yes和No来回答。
种类
疑 问 句
反 意 问 句
例句
They will start right now, won’t they？ (Yes, they will./ No, they won't.) Every one is here, aren‘t they？ (Yes, they are./ No, they aren't.)
There are books in the box, aren’t there？ There will be a strike tomorrow, won't there？
附注 陈述部分为I think(believe, suppose, guess, etc.)that... 及I’m afraid/I am sure that...时，附加问句部分要 与宾语从句的主谓相呼应。 但主句的主语非第一人称 时，则针对主句的主语提 问。
种类
混 疑合 问疑 句问
句
例句
What do you think they are doing？ When do you guess they are starting？ Where did he say he was going？ Who do you believe will help you with your English？
—You can‘t speak English, can you？ 你不会讲英语，是吗？ —Yes, I can.不，我会讲。 —No, I can't.是的，我不会 讲。
附注
由陈述句与附加疑问句两 部分组成，用Yes或No回答。
若陈述部分是否定式，附 加问句部分是肯定式时， 英语的回答始终不变，用 Yes表肯定，No表否定。但 汉译不同，注意例句中的 三组对话的汉译。
句相当于一个谓语动词是
Hurry up or you will miss 肯定式的“if”从句；而
the last bus.
“or”前面的祈使句往往可
＝If you don't hurry up,
转换成一个谓语动词是否
you'll miss the last bus.
定式的“if”从句。
种类
特 祈殊 使形 句式
there be 句型的附加疑问部 分离不了“there”。
种类
肯 定 式 祈 使 句
否 定 式
例句
Go and wash your hands. Be quiet, please./Please be quiet. Keep off the grass. Let me try. Let us have something to drink. Let's give you a hand.
【答案与解析】 1.How→What 2.去掉 not
按句子的用途来分，有陈述句、疑问句、祈使句 和感叹句四种。
种类
肯 定 式
陈 述 句
否 定 式
例句
He is a student. They have many books. She can speak English well. The teacher cares for his students very much. His father came home last night.
Don't be careless. Never do it again. Don't touch me. Let's not waste time. Don't let them make any noise.
附注
通常以动词原形开头，省 略了主语you。表示请示、 命令、劝告、建议等。
否定结构用don't加动词原 形，注意最后两个例句的 不同。
十三、句子的种类
Ⅰ.阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个 单词)。
(2015 福建)If you say，“Look，you never do your share of the housework.________ are you going to do about it？”，the discussion will very soon turn into an argument.
(1)主要形式：be 情源自动词 助动词＋S＋V＋ 其他成分？
(2)用Yes或No回答。
(Yes, she does)[美]
种类
疑 问 句
特 殊 问 句
例句
附注
(1)wh词作主语，或wh词作
Who is singing in the room？ 主语的定语时，用陈述句
Which came first, the
【答案与解析】 What。考查特殊疑问句中的疑问词。本句以问号 结尾，且再分析句子结构可知是特殊疑问句。疑问句 中 do 缺少宾语，且没有范围限制，故应用 What 提问。
Ⅱ.改错。 1.(2015 四川)How do you think I should do? 2.(2015 浙江)Farther in the distance，I could not enjoy the view of snowy mountains.On the right side of the class was the road.
祈 殊 you will fail.
使 形 Hurry up and you will catch 这类句式在意义上可与带
句 式 the last bus.
条件状语从句的复合句转
(B) ＝If you hurry up, you will 换。连词“and”前的祈使
catch the last bus.
(B)
例句
A bit more effort and you'll succeed. ＝Make a bit more effort and you will succeed.
的语序，如左边例句中的
chicken or egg？
前3句。
Which man is smoking？ (2)此外用wh词＋一般问句。
When did you begin to learn (3)由How引起的疑问短语
English？
很多，注意理解和回答：
How many people are there How long...？问一段延续的