2015考研英语阅读理解精读P14—医学
深度解析2015英语一真题阅读Text4
深度解析2015英语一真题阅读Text4随着考生们忐忑不安的心情，2015考研英语已在今天下午落下帷幕。
考生们应该是带着一种轻松的心情走出考场的。
因为今年英语一的传统阅读部分与往年相比，难度持平，没有明显的起伏。
下面笔者就阅读理解第四篇进行深度解析。
第四篇阅读理解选自2014年6月29日The Observer（《观察家》）发表的名为“As the hacking trial proves, we lack moral purpose in public life”的文章，属于社会生活类题材的文章。
作者通过对手机黑客案件的审理，分析了目前由此造成的道德丧失问题普遍存在的原因，尤其是在新闻产业中。
这篇文章五道考题难度相对较大，其中有三道推理题，一道细节题，还有一道观点例证题。
虽然题目的设置有所难度，但是解题方法却离不开海文老师一直提倡的宏观阅读法。
只要抓住了这篇文章的主线，以及作者的态度，那么这五道题也就不那么难了。
首先，第一段作者通过引用Elizabeth的话，指出目前存在的正值感丧失是让人很沮丧的。
接着从第二段开始，就过渡到了新闻业中。
很多记者涉及到非法的手机黑客案中；然后第三段和第四段明确指出，对于这种案件审理过程中的问题使得道德丧失依然存在。
最后第五段和第六段深化主题，表现出作者的态度，认为现在普遍存在的社会分类机制只看重利益，而忽略了公平正义，并再次通过记者的行为进行佐证。
36题是一个细节题。
可以直接定位到第一段第一句话，Elizabeth认为让人烦心的（unsettling）的是dearth of integrity（正值感的丧失）。
第二句话，进一步指出正值感的丧失（integrity had collapsed）是由于目前人们广泛认同的社会分类机制（sorting mechanism）。
结合这两句话，不难得出答案为A (the consequences of the current sorting mechanism)。
2015考研英语阅读理解精读P14—历史学
2015考研英语阅读理解精读P14—历史学Passage 14After stepping down this summer as the head of the EPA, the embattled Christine Todd Whitman is once again in the hot seat. This time it's over her role in the downplaying of health hazards for New York City residents after 9/11. A report by the EPA inspector general says that Whitman assured the public that the air was safe before testing was conclusive. She's also under fire for allowing EPA statements to be filtered through the White House and screened by the Council on Environmental Quality, which is chaired by James Connaughton, a lawyer who formerly represented the asbestos industry.The long-term effects of inhaling contaminated air is unknown. But New York Rep. Jerrold Nadler accuses the administration of covering up a potential health danger in order to get the economy up and running. "Many people will die early because of this," says Nadler.In her first interview since the release of the report, Whitman tells NEWSWEEK that she did not object when the White House edited out cautionary notes by EPA scientists. "We didn't want to scare people," she said, explaining that spikes in asbestos readings tended to return quickly to acceptable levels. She believes that much of the data were open to interpretation, and that the public wasn't harmed by the White House's decision to adopt the more reassuring analysis. But New York Sen. Hillary Clinton is calling for an investigation, saying she knows how the White House works and that somebody surely leaned on the EPA to lie. "We were not told to lie," says Whitman.Firefighters and other rescue workers suffering health problems continue to blame the EPA for failing to make them aware of the risks. The EPA advised wearing protective clothing and masks, Whitman says, but many working on the site rejected the gear as too cumbersome. "We couldn't force them to do it," says Whitman. In addition, residents returning to the area say they weren't told to have their homes professionally cleaned. "Maybe there was one press release where we didn't say that, but then we said it over and over," says Whitman.EPA's former ombudsman said soon after 9/11 that Whitman had a conflict of interest because of her husband's connection to Citigroup, which owns Travelers Insurance. By pronouncing lower Manhattan safe, critics say, Whitman saved the insurance giant millions in cleanup costs. Whitman was cleared of the conflict by the EPA inspector general. "There's no way in hell--excuse my language--that I would ever, ever play games with this kind of information."注(1)：本文选自Newsweek; 9/8/2003, p8;注(2)：本文习题命题模仿对象2003年真题Text 4;1. What conclusion can we make from the first paragraph?[A]White House shouldn’t be informed of the EPA statements.[B]Whitman shouldn’t have made such a hasty conclusion about the air.[C]The public had strong objection against Whitman’s doings after 9/11[D]Whitman had got unfair treatment.2. The author uses the example of firefighters and other rescue workers’suffering to show that ______.[A]someone should be responsible for their health condition.[B]they should have been warned against the possible results in advance.[C]it was their own fault for not wearing the protective clothes and masks.[D]their equipments are out of date and fail to function well.3. Hillary Clinton’s attitude toward Whitman’s remarks is one of ________.[A]reserved consent[B]strong disapproval[C]slight contempt[D]enthusiastic support4. Facing charges against her, Whitman seemed to defend herself quite _________.[A]extravagantly[B]cautiously[C]flexibly[D]forcefully5. The text intends to express that __________.[A]Whitman has been proved innocent in this event.[B]everything connected with 9/11 should be exposed[C]Whitman has a good defense for what she has done[D]Whitman shouldn’t be blamed for her doings.答案：CABDC篇章剖析本文主要讲述美国前环保署署长惠特曼所面对的谴责和批评，以及她又是如何为自己辩解和开脱的。
2015考研英语阅读理解精读P11—医学
2015考研英语阅读理解精读P11—医学Passage 11Sleep is a funny thing. We're taught that we should get seven or eight hours a night, but a lot of us get by just fine on less, and some of us actually sleep too much. A study out of the University of Buffalo last month reported that people who routinely sleep more than eight hours a day and are still tired are nearly three times as likely to die of stroke--probably as a result of an underlying disorder that keeps them from snoozing soundly.Doctors have their own special sleep problems. Residents are famously sleep deprived. When I was training to become a neurosurgeon, it was not unusual to work 40 hours in a row without rest. Most of us took it in stride, confident we could still deliver the highest quality of medical care. Maybe we shouldn't have been so sure of ourselves. An article in the Journal of the American Medical Association points out that in the morning after 24 hours of sleeplessness, a person's motor performance is comparable to that of someone who is legally intoxicated. Curiously, surgeons who believe that operating under the influence is grounds for dismissal often don't think twice about operating without enough sleep."I could tell you horror stories," says Jaya Agrawal, president of the American Medical Student Association, which runs a website where residents can post anonymous anecdotes. Some are terrifying. "I was operating after being up for over 36 hours," one writes. "I literally fell asleep standing up and nearly face planted into the wound.""Practically every surgical resident I know has fallen asleep at the wheel driving home from work," writes another. "I know of three who have hit parked cars. Another hit a 'Jersey barrier' on the New Jersey Turnpike, going 65 m.p.h." "Your own patients have become the enemy," writes a third, because they are "the one thing that stands between you and a few hours of sleep."Agrawal's organization is supporting the Patient and Physician Safety and Protection Act of 2001, introduced last November by Representative John Conyers Jr. of Michigan. Its key provisions, modeled on New York State's regulations, include an 80-hour workweek and a 24-hour work-shift limit.Most doctors, however, resist such interference. Dr. Charles Binkley, a senior surgery resident at the University of Michigan, agrees that something needs to be done but believes "doctors should be bound by their conscience, not by the government."The U.S. controls the hours of pilots and truck drivers. But until such a system is in place for doctors, patients are on their own. If you're worried about the people treating you or a loved one, you should feel free to ask how many hours of sleep they have had and if more-rested staffers are available. Doctors, for their part, have to give up their pose of infallibility and get the rest they need.注(1)：本文选自Time;3/11/2002, p73, 3/4p, 1c;注(2)：本文习题命题模仿对象：第1、2题分别模仿1999年真题text4的第1题和text2的第2题;第3题模仿1998年真题text3的第2题;第4、5题分别模仿2004年真题text2的第3题和text3的第5题;1. We can learn from the first paragraph that ____________.[A] people who sleep less than 8 hours a day are more prone to illness[B] poor sleep quality may be a sign of physical disorder[C] stroke is often associated with sleep[D] too much sleep can be as harmful as lack of sleep2. Speaking of the sleep problems doctors face, the author implies that ________________.[A] doctors often need little sleep to keep them energetic[B] doctors’sleep is deprived by residents[C] doctors tend to neglect their own sleep problems[D] sleep-deprived doctors are intoxicated3. Paragraph 3 and 4 are written to ____________.[A] entertain the audience with some anecdotes[B] discuss the cause of doctors’sleep problems[C] show the hostility doctors harbor against their patients[D] exemplify the danger doctors face caused by lack of sleep4. By “doctors should be bound by their conscience, not by the government”(line 6, paragraph 5), Dr. Charles Binkley means that ____________.[A] doctors should not abide by government’s regulations[B] the government is interfering too much[C] the regulations about workweek and work shift are too specific[D] law can not force a doctor to sleep while his conscience can5. To which of the following is the author likely to agree?[A] Patients should control the hours of their doctors.[B] Pilots and truck drivers work in safer environments than that of doctors’.[C] Patients are facing more risks if their doctors are not adequately-rested.[D] People concerned have the right to remove their doctors from their positions.答案：B C D B C篇章剖析：本篇文章采用提出问题-分析问题-解决问题的模式指出了医生睡眠不足会带来的危害以及解决办法。
2015考研英语阅读理解精读P24—医学
2015考研英语阅读理解精读P24—医学Passage 24There are certain people who behave in a quite peculiar fashion during the work of analysis. When one speaks hopefully to them or expresses satisfaction with the progress of the treatment, they show signs of discontent and their condition invariably becomes worse. One begins by regarding this as defiance and as an attempt to prove their superiority to the physician, but later one comes to take a deeper and juster view. One becomes convinced, not only that such people cannot endure any praise or appreciation, but that they react inversely to the progress of the treatment. Every partial solution that ought to result, and in other people does result, in an improvement or a temporary suspension of symptoms produces in them for the time being an intensification of their illness; they get worse during the treatment instead of getting better. They exhibit what is known as a “negative therapeutic reaction”.There is no doubt that there is something in these people that sets itself against their recovery, and its approach is dreaded as though it were a danger. We are accustomed to say that the need for illness has got the upper hand in them over the desire for recovery. If we analyse this resistance in the usual way —then, even after fixation to the various forms of gain from illness, the greater part of it is still left over; and this reveals itself as the most powerful of all obstacles to recovery, more powerful than the familiar ones of narcissistic(admiring one’s own self too much) inaccessibility, a negative attitude towards the physician and clinging to the gain from illness.In the end we come to see that we are dealing with what may be called a “moral”factor, a sense of guilt, which is finding satisfaction in the illness and refuses to give up the punishment of suffering. We shall be right in regarding this disencouraging explanation as final. But as far as the patient is concerned this sense of guilt is dumb; it does not tell him he is guilty, he feels ill. This sense of guilt expresses itself only as a resistance to recovery which it is extremely difficult to overcome. It is also particularly difficult to convince the patient that this motive lies behind his continuing to be ill; he holds fast to the more obvious explanation that treatment by analysis is not the right remedy for his case.1. According to the author, some unusual patients would[A] openly resist the treatment of the physician.[B] intentionally hold the physician in contempt.[C] respond against the physician’s expectation.[D] disregard the appreciation by the physician.2. For the patients the author describes,[A] a hopeful treatment often leads to a reverse result.[B] a local treatment improves temporarily their symptoms.[C] a partial solution betters rather than worsens their illness.[D] a right solution cures them partially of their illness.3. The author’s study of this syndrome leads him to think that[A] patients must be convinced of the treatment by analysis.[B] patients’sense of guilt may hinder them from getting well.[C] patients need to know the final explanations of their illness.[D] patients should give up the punishment of suffering from their illness.4. It can be inferred from the text that[A] certain people behave in a particularly fashionable way.[B] the need for illness has overcome the desire for recovery.[C] the patients who are content with their illness are guilty.[D] the syndrome of inverse reaction to therapy is curious.5. The root cause of the resistance to recovery lies in the fact that the patients[A] are apt to refuse the recognization of the physician’s authority.[B] can hardly put up with being praised or appreciated by their doctors.[C] cling to the unconscious belief in their deserved penalty by sickness.[D] suffer from a chronic mental disease that offers them a feeling of guilt.词汇注释defiance 蔑视therapeutic 治疗的dreaded 令人担心的narcissistic 自我陶醉的inaccessibility 不易接近的难句讲解1. Every partial solution that ought to result, and in other people does result, in an improvement or a temporary suspension of symptoms produces in them for the time being an intensification of their illness; they get worse during the treatment instead of getting better.[简析] 本句话的主干是“Every partial solution produces in them an intensification, they get worse…”。
2015英语考研阅读
2015英语考研阅读2015年的英语考研阅读部分，相较于往年，难度有所提升，但整体上依然遵循了英语考研的一贯风格。
这一年的阅读材料涵盖了社会、科技、文化等多个领域，旨在考察考生的综合英语阅读能力。
首先，阅读理解部分的题型包括了细节理解题、推理判断题、主旨大意题和词义猜测题。
这些题型要求考生不仅要理解文章的字面意思，还要能够把握文章的深层含义，包括作者的观点、态度以及文章的逻辑结构。
在细节理解题中，考生需要仔细阅读文章，寻找与问题相关的信息点。
这类题目通常要求考生对文章中的某个具体事实或细节进行确认，因此，考生需要具备快速定位信息的能力。
推理判断题则要求考生在理解文章的基础上，进行逻辑推理，判断作者的意图或文章中未明确表述的信息。
这类题目往往需要考生对文章的整体结构和内容有较为深刻的理解。
主旨大意题是考察考生对文章整体把握的能力。
考生需要从文章的各个部分中提炼出中心思想，这通常涉及到对文章标题、首段和尾段的分析。
词义猜测题则是要求考生根据上下文的语境，推断生词或短语的含义。
这类题目考察的是考生的词汇量和语境理解能力。
在2015年的考研英语阅读中，文章选材广泛，既有关于科技发展的讨论，也有对社会现象的分析，还有对文化差异的探讨。
这些文章不仅提供了丰富的信息，也为考生提供了广泛的词汇和表达方式。
此外，这一年的阅读材料在语言风格上也有所变化，既有正式的学术论述，也有较为口语化的叙述。
这要求考生能够适应不同的语言风格，并从中提取关键信息。
总的来说，2015年的英语考研阅读部分对考生的英语阅读能力提出了较高的要求。
考生需要在平时的复习中，广泛阅读各类英文材料，提高自己的阅读速度和理解能力。
同时，也要注重培养自己的逻辑推理能力和词汇量，以便在考试中能够迅速准确地回答问题。
通过系统的复习和练习，相信考生能够在考研英语阅读部分取得理想的成绩。
2015考研英语阅读理解精读P12—医学
2015考研英语阅读理解精读P12—医学Passage 12Watching a child struggle to breathe during an asthma attack is frightening for any parent. So it is only natural that most moms and dads will try just about anything--including spending a lot of money--to keep an attack at bay. Trouble is, more than half of parents are trying strategies that simply don't work and wasting hundreds of dollars in the process, according to a study published last week in the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology.The report, based on interviews with the parents of 896 asthmatic children in 10 different cities, contained some good news. Eighty percent of parents had a handle on at least one of the triggers that worsened their children's asthma. After that, however, many parents seemed to go astray, taking precautions that weren't helpful "and made little sense," according to Dr. Michael Cabana, a pediatrician at the University of Michigan's C.S. Mott Children's Hospital, who led the study.One of the most common mistakes was to buy a mattress cover to protect against dust mites for a child whose asthma was exacerbated instead by plant pollen. Many of those parents then neglected to do what would have helped a lot more: shut the windows to keep pollen out. Another was using a humidifier for a child who was allergic to dust mites; a humidifier tends to be a place where dust mites like to breed. With those allergies, a dehumidifier works better.Worst of all was the number of smokers with asthmatic children who didn't even try to quit or at least limit themselves to smoking outdoors rather than just moving to another room or the garage. Second-hand smoke has been proved, over and over again, to be a major trigger of asthma attacks. Many smoking parents purchased expensive air filters that have what Cabana called "questionable utility."Part of the problem, Dr. Cabana and his colleagues believe, is that parents are bombarded by television ads that encourage them to buy products such as air and carpet fresheners, ionizers and other remedies that are often expensive but medically unnecessary. And doctors may not always take the time, or have the time, to explain to parents what will and won't work in their child's particular case. For example, allergies are usually a problem for older children with asthma, while kids 5 and younger more frequently have trouble with viral respiratory infections. So make sure you understand what's really triggering your child's asthma. And remember, the best solutions are not always the most expensive ones.注(1)：本文选自Time，8/30/2004，p67;注(2)：本文习题命题模仿对象2004年真题Text 11. What does the study by Dr. Michael Cabana indicate?[A]Parents are eager to cure of their children’s disease.[B]Many parents are wasting money for their children’s frightening disease.[C] Many parents fail to find the effective way for their children’s disease.[D]Parents feel worried about their children’s disease.2. Which of the following is not the trigger of asthma attacks?[A]Humidifier.[B]Second-hand smoke.[C]Plant pollen.[D]Dust mites.3. The expression “to keep an attack at bay”(Line 3, Paragraph 1) most probably means ________.[A]to ease the attack[B]to lessen the attack[C]to continue the attack[D]to prevent the attack4. Why are the parents in such a dilemma?[A]The doctors are not responsible enough.[B]Parents are influenced much by ads.[C]Parents are ignorant of the disease.[D]The quality of medical products is not good.5. Which of the following is true according to the text?[A]Parents shouldn’t spend too much money on the children.[B]The expensive products are not always good.[C]To know the real trigger of the disease is very important.[D]Parents often make mistakes.答案：CADBC篇章剖析本文采用提出问题——说明问题——分析问题的模式，指出哮喘病患儿家长在防治哮喘方面存在的问题、错误及其误区。
2015年英语考研阅读
2015年英语考研阅读2015年考研英语阅读理解真题及答案阅读理解部分Part APassage 1The term “multitasking” usually refers to the ability to engage in two or more tasks simultaneously. In the performing arts, multitasking can take the form of a singer singing while moving around the stage, a dancer dancing to music while maintaining balance or a comedian speaking to a crowd while carrying out a physical routine. In each case, the performer’s ability to engage in two or more tasks simultaneously is part of what makes the performance captivating.However, the concept of multitasking has also been applied to the world of computers and technology. When people claim to be ableto multitask on a computer, they typically mean they can use the computer to perform multiple tasks at the same time, such as checking email while writing a report or watching a video while responding to messages on social media. In this sense, multitasking is a matter of effectively managing time and resources so that multiple tasks can be completed with maximum efficiency and minimal loss of quality.Despite its apparent simplicity, multitasking is actually quite complex. When people multitask, they must switch back and forth between tasks, which can lead to decreased efficiency and performance on each task. Additionally, people who engage in multitasking may be more easily distracted and have a harder time focusing on a single task. Furthermore, multitasking may not be beneficial for all tasks. For example, when it comes to tasks that require creative thinking or complex problem-solving, dividing attention can actually hinder performance.In light of these findings, it seems clear that the key to effective multitasking is selecting the right tasks to perform simultaneously and managing one’s focus and energy acc ordingly. This means thatpeople should identify which tasks require their full attention and which ones can be performed concurrently with other tasks. By doing so, they can increase their overall productivity while minimizing any negative impact on task performance.21. The passage mainly discusses ____.A. the negative effects of multitaskingB. how to select suitable tasks for multitaskingC. the importance of managing time and resources effectivelyD. the differences between various forms of multitasking22. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a form of multitasking?A. Singing while moving around the stage.B. Checking email while watching a video.C. Replying to messages on social media while driving.D. Cooking while listening to music.23. Multitasking can be inefficient and even counterproductive because _____.A. people tend to become easily distracted when engaging in multitaskingB. it results in decreased efficiency and performance on each taskC. it may not be suitable for all types of tasksD. people performing multitasking tasks usually lack focus and energy24. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A. Multitasking can significantly enhance people’s creativity.B. Completing multiple tasks simultaneously usually results in better performance.C. The key to effective multitasking lies in selecting suitable tasks and managing one’s focus and energy effectively.D. Multitasking is only suitable for simple, repetitive tasks that do not require much concentration or problem-solving ability.25. Which word best describes the function of the highlighted sentence? (Please highlight the sentence.)It means that people should identify which tasks require their full attention and which ones can be performed concurrently with other tasks.。
15年考研英语阅读
15年考研英语阅读在长达15年的考研英语阅读备考过程中，考生们需要掌握的不仅是词汇量和语法知识，更重要的是培养一种分析和理解文章的能力。
考研英语阅读部分通常包含四篇文章，每篇文章后面跟着五道选择题，这些题目旨在测试考生对文章主旨、细节信息、推理判断、作者态度和词汇理解等方面的掌握程度。
首先，考生需要广泛阅读各类英文材料，包括但不限于报刊杂志、学术论文、小说和非虚构作品。
通过这样的阅读，考生可以接触到不同领域的专业术语和表达方式，同时增强对英语语境的理解力。
此外，定期练习历年真题也是提高阅读能力的有效途径。
真题不仅能够帮助考生熟悉考试题型，还能够让他们了解出题者的意图和偏好。
其次，考生在阅读时应该培养快速浏览和寻找关键信息的能力。
考研英语阅读文章通常篇幅较长，因此考生需要学会如何快速定位文章的主旨和结构，以及如何从大量信息中筛选出与题目相关的细节。
这要求考生具备一定的阅读技巧，如略读、扫读和精读相结合，以及如何利用文章中的提示词和转折词来预测和理解作者的意图。
再者，考生在解答阅读题目时，需要仔细审题，理解题目要求，并准确把握文章的主旨和细节。
在回答推理判断题时，考生应避免过度推断，而应基于文章提供的信息进行合理的推断。
对于词汇理解题，考生需要结合上下文来确定词义，而不是仅仅依赖于词汇的字面意思。
最后，考生应该注重培养批判性思维能力。
考研英语阅读不仅要求考生理解文章内容，还要求他们能够对文章的观点和论据进行分析和评价。
这就需要考生在阅读过程中保持批判性思维，对作者的观点进行客观分析，而不是盲目接受。
总之，15年的考研英语阅读备考是一个长期而系统的过程，它要求考生不仅要有扎实的语言基础，还要具备良好的阅读策略和批判性思维能力。
通过不断的练习和反思，考生可以逐步提高自己的阅读水平，从而在考研英语阅读部分取得优异的成绩。
2015考研英语阅读理解精读P8—医学
2015考研英语阅读理解精读P8—医学Passage 8It was a big week for Alzheimer's disease, and not just because PBS aired The Forgetting, a first-rate documentary about Alzheimer's worth catching in reruns if you missed it the first time. There was also a flurry of scientific news that offered hope to the families already struggling with Alzheimer's, as well as to the baby-boom generation that's up next. Unless something dramatic happens, the number of Americans living with this terrifying brain disease could triple, to about 16 million, over the next 50 years. There's still no cure in sight, but there is progress on several fronts. Among them:MEGADOSE VITAMINS Doctors knew vitamins E and C, both antioxidants, help stave off Alzheimer's, at least in folks who haven't already developed the disorder. What they didn't know--but a big study involving 4,740 participants published in the Archives of Neurology showed--was that the two vitamins taken together in huge daily doses (at least 400 IU of E and more than 500 mg of C) could reduce the risk of Alzheimer's a remarkable 78%.COMBINATION THERAPY A yearlong study of more than 400 Alzheimer's patients showed that two drugs that work differently on the brain's chemistry act well together to help slow down the disease. Patients who were being treated with donepezil (sold as Aricept), an older drug that preserves the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, were also given memantine (Namenda), a new drug approved by the FDA last October that blocks overproduction of a harmful brain chemical called glutamate. The two drugs worked even better in combination than they did alone, providing substantial benefit for patients with moderate to severe Alzheimer's, according to a report in the Journal of the American Medical Association.BRAIN IMAGING Finally, scientists at the University of Pittsburgh announced that they had successfully developed a procedure that allows them to peer into the brains of Alzheimer's patients with positron emission tomography (PET) scans to see telltale plaque deposits. Before now, doctors could not track the progress of these plaques until after the patient died, when the brain could be autopsied. Using the new technique, doctors may be able to begin treatment long before the first symptoms appear.None of these advances is a magic bullet for Alzheimer's disease. If you or your loved ones are concerned, the first step is careful evaluation by your doctor. Not all memory lapses are Alzheimer's, and there are reversible causes of forgetfulness that can be treated if caught early. Also, remember the old adage "use it or lose it." Mental exercise--reading, doing crossword puzzles, playing chess or Scrabble--is as good for preserving your mind as physical exercise is for your body.注(1)：本文选自Time; 2/2/2004, p78-78, 2/3p, 2c;注(2)：本文习题命题模仿对象第1题模仿2002年text 4第1题;第2题模仿1994年真题text 2 第3题;第3模仿2002年真题text 3 第3题，第4—5题模仿2004年text 3第4，5题;1. From the first paragraph, we learn that_________.[A] the baby-boom generation will not suffer from Alzhemer’s disease[B] recent progress brings hope for Alzheimer victims[C] the week was very important for Alzheimer’s because a documentary about it was shown on PBS[D] the new achievements made on several fronts show that Alzheimer’s disease can be cured2. The phrase “stave off”(line 1, paragraph 2) most probably means “________”.[A] getting[B] treating[C] curing[D] preventing3. The report in the Journal of the American Medical Association shows that ____________.[A] combination therapy refers to combining two different ways of treatment[B] donepezil helps blocks overproduction of a harmful brain chemical called glutamate[C] combination therapy is of great benefit to all patients with Alzheimer’s[D] Aricept and Namenda have better effect when used together than used separately4. Why is brain imaging considered progress in treating Alzhemer’s?[A] Because it helps doctors diagnose and treat the disease in an early phase by tracking the progress of plaques in the brain.[B] Because it helps doctors autopsy the brains of the patients after they died.[C] Because it helps doctors see the plaque desposits clearly so that they can operate on the brain.[D] Because it helps doctors develop a new procedure of tracking the progress of the disease.5. To which of the following is the author likely to agree?[A] Alzhemer’s disease can be cured thanks to the new advances.[B] Forgetfulness can be cured by doing mental exercise.[C] Careful evaluation is important because it can tell Alzheimer’s from curable memory lapses, which can be treated if found in an early phase.[D] Mental exercises do good only to forgetfulness caused by reversible causes.答案：B D D A C篇章剖析本篇文章介绍了阿尔茨海默病研究领域取得的新成果。
2015年考研英语阅读理解部分翻译
但为君故系列
7
还成了进行审判的基础。令人惊讶的是，利百加·布鲁克斯对自己手 下的新闻编辑室知之甚少，她也很少过问，更从来没询问过报道从何 而来。她成功抗辩的核心就是她一无所知。 在当今的世界， 高薪的执行官不为自己所运营的机构发生的事情 负责，已经成为一种常态。也许我们不应感到吃惊。在这个时代，盈 利是社会的分层级制， 这点已经成为了集体工人的原则。 效率、 灵活、 股东价值、商业友好、富裕世代、销售、影响以及报纸的发行量成了 真正重要的词汇。而正义、公平、忍耐、均衡和责任感这些词已被边 缘化了。 《世界新闻报》编辑的目的已经不是提升可读性、确保报道公正 客观或展现普遍的人性； 而是为了追求发行量和影响力而去破坏别人 的生活。布鲁克斯女士可能也可能没有怀疑过手下记者的报道来源， 但她并没有问任何问题， 没有发出任何指令或获得任何可追踪的记录 下来的回复。 36. 根据前两段可以得知。Elisabeth 因为——而不安 A 现行的分类机制的过后果 B 因为不道德的行为所造成的经济损失 C 在道德问题上政府的无效 D 在机构中诚信的广泛应用 37. 从第三段可以推出—— A Glenn Mulcaire 有可能不认为电话窃听是一种犯罪 B 可能有更多的记者会因为电话窃听而被发现是有罪的 C Andy Coulson 应该被认为是清白的 D 在某些情形下，电话窃听是可以被接受的 38. 作者认为 Rebekah Brooks 的辩护是—— A 揭示了其狡猾的个性 B 围绕的是一些琐碎的为题 C 没有说服力 D 阴谋的一部分 39. 作者认为现行的集体原则表明了—— A 总体上扭曲的价值观
硕 士 研 究 生 入 学 考 试 但为君故
但为君故系列 A 容忍 B 漠不关心 C 不同意 D 谨慎 28. 作者认为检查一个人的电话内容就相当于—— A 闯入他的住宅 B 上缴他的历史纪录 C 检查他的信件 D 检查他的钱包 29. 在第五段和第六段，作者表达了他对于——的关心。 A 原则很难清晰的表达 B 法院给警察行动的空间更少了 C 电话被用来储存敏感信息 D 公民的隐私权没有得到有效的保护 30. Orin Kerr 做的比较被用来引用表明—— A 宪法应该被灵活的实施 B 新技术要求对宪法做新的解释 C 加州的观点违反了宪法原则 D 宪法原则应该永远不变
2015考研英语阅读理解精读P20—医学
2015考研英语阅读理解精读P20—医学2015考研英语阅读理解精读P20—医学Passage 20I am a neuroscientist.I make a living by studying how the brain works.Although neuroscience has taken huge strides forward in the past decade，it is a long way from being able to address the problems dealt with by psychotherapy.3) Neuroscience cannot yet explain how we feel，and it is a long way from being able to prescribe what a miserable person must do to feel better.So，as a neuroscientist，I feel I should have a conclusion about the alternative approach.The first question I must answer is：“What do psychotherapies have to offer?”First，let us deal with the scientific angle.The best way to start is by assessing a claim that has cropped up several times over the year.It was first made of psychoanalysis，but it has been extended to other psychotherapies.It is the claim that psychoanalysis is the successor to religion，that it gives a scientific，rather than a superstitious，answer to the question of how best to lead a happy，fulfilled life.1 would say this claim is at best half right.Psychoanalysis may indeed answer the question of how best to lead a happy life，but it has a lot more in common with religion than it has with science.In fact，psychoanalysis is not the successor to religion，it is just another religion.This assessment is based on the way religions and sciences deal with fundamental truths.In religions，truths are laid down by God and revealed to the prophets who，in their turn，pass them on to the faithful.They are sacred mysteries that cannot bequestioned.In science，on the other hand，truths are nothing if not questionable.The laws of science are deduced from the results of experiments and can be used to predict new experimental results.If new results go against the prediction，they show the law to be false.A new experimental result，or a new theory for deriving predictions from the results，can change the accepted truths.If a scientific statement cannot，in principle，be proved wrong then it tells us nothing.Psychoanalysis suffers from just this problem.4)It is a maxim that our psychological problems are rooted in past conflicts，and that the repressed memories of these conflicts emerge from the unconscious in coded forms that can be interpreted by the analyst.But the codes are so obscure and so flexible that they defy rational explanation.There is no way the maxims could be disproved.They may not be sacred，but they are definitely mysteries.Many other therapies are based on untestable theories.Of course，that doesn’t necessarily prevent them from working.There is no doubt thousands of people feel that psychoanalysis has helped them to lead fuller and happier lives.But the number of satisfied customers is no guide to scientific validity;if it were，religion would come out way ahead.1. The author considers his role as a neuroscientist____.[A]irrelevant to that of a psychoanalyst[B]different from that of a psychoanalyst[C]of the same importance as that of a psychotherapeutist[D]purely imaginary and impractical2. According to the author，psychoanalysis is another religion in that____.[A]it does nothing towards revealing fundamental truth[B]its conclusions are seldom capable of being tested[C]it has too many prophets and blind believers[D]it takes over many doctrines from religious beliefs3. By saying that“Psychoanalysis suffers from just this problem”(Para.5)the author means that____.[A]psychoanalysis deals with problems or conflicts inside the unconscious[B]the assertions in psychoanalysis cannot be disproved[C]psychoanalysis attaches no importance to doing experiments[D]psychoanalysts can not explain psychological problems to patients4. Which of the following is a science according to the author?[A]Neuroscience.[B]Psychoanalysis.[C]Psychotherapy.[D]None of the above.5. The main purpose of the passage is____.[A]to refute the practical value of psychoanalysis[B]to propose neuroscience as an alternative to psychoanalysis[C]to compare the theories of psychoanalysis with religious doctrines[D]to explain why psychoanalysis is not a science答案：1. [B] 在第一段作者指出，自己是一个神经科学家，随后说明了这门科学目前存在的局限性。
2015考研英语阅读理解模拟试题及答案解析四
If you intend usinghumor in your talk to make people smile, you must know how to identify sharedexperiences and problems. Your humor must be relevant to the audience andshould help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand theirsituation and are in sympathy with their point of view. Depending on whom youare addressing, the problems will be different. If you are talking to a groupof managers, you may refer to the disorganized methods of their secretaries;alternatively if you are addressing secretaries, you may want to comment ontheir disorganized bosses。
Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses’ convention,of a story which works well because the audience all shared the same view ofdoctors. A man arrives in heaven and is being shown around by St. Peter. Hesees wonderful accommodations, beautiful gardens, sunny weather, and so on.Everyone is very peaceful, polite and friendly until, waiting in a line forlunch, the new arrival is suddenly pushed aside by a man in a white coat, whorushes to the head of the line, grabs his food and stomps over to a table byhimself. “Who is that?” the new arrival asked St. Peter. “Oh, that’s God,” came thereply,“but sometimes he thinks he’s a doctor。
精品文档2015考研英语阅读理解精读P6—医学
倚窗远眺，目光目光尽处必有一座山，那影影绰绰的黛绿色的影，是春天的颜色。
周遭流岚升腾，没露出那真实的面孔。
面对那流转的薄雾，我会幻想，那里有一个世外桃源。
在天阶夜色凉如水的夏夜，我会静静地，静静地，等待一场流星雨的来临…许下一个愿望，不乞求去实现，至少，曾经，有那么一刻，我那还未枯萎的，青春的，诗意的心，在我最美的年华里，同星空做了一次灵魂的交流…秋日里，阳光并不刺眼，天空是一碧如洗的蓝，点缀着飘逸的流云。
偶尔，一片飞舞的落叶，会飘到我的窗前。
斑驳的印迹里，携刻着深秋的颜色。
在一个落雪的晨，这纷纷扬扬的雪，飘落着一如千年前的洁白。
窗外，是未被污染的银白色世界。
我会去迎接，这人间的圣洁。
在这流转的岁月里，有着流转的四季，还有一颗流转的心，亘古不变的心。
2015考研英语阅读理解精读P6—医学Passage 6At 18, Ashanthi DeSilva of suburban Cleveland is a living symbol of one of the great intellectual achievements of the 20th century. Born with an extremely rare and usually fatal disorder that left her without a functioning immune system (the "bubble-boy disease," named after an earlier victim who was kept alive for years in a sterile plastic tent), she was treated beginning in 1990 with a revolutionary new therapy that sought to correct the defect at its very source, in thegenes of her white blood cells. It worked. Although her last gene-therapy treatment was in 1992, she is completely healthy with normal immune function, according to one of the doctors who treated her, W. French Anderson of the University of Southern California. Researchers have long dreamed of treating diseases from hemophilia to cancer by replacing mutant genes with normal ones. And the dreaming may continue for decades more. "There will be a gene-based treatment for essentially every disease," Anderson says, "within 50 years."It's not entirely clear why medicine has been so slow to build on Anderson's early success. The National Institutes of Health budget office estimates it will spend $432 million on gene-therapy research in 2005, and there is no shortage of promising leads. The therapeutic genes are usually delivered through viruses that don't cause human disease. "The virus is sort of like a Trojan horse," says Ronald Crystal of New York Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical College. "The cargo is the gene."At the University of Pennsylvania's Abramson Cancer Center, immunologist Carl June recently treated HIV patients with a gene intended to help their cells resist the infection. At Cornell University, researchers are pursuing gene-based therapies for Parkinson's disease and a rare hereditary disorder that destroys children's brain cells. At Stanford University and the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, researchers are trying to figure out how to help patients with hemophilia who today must inject themselves with expensive clotting drugs for life. Animal experiments have shown great promise.But somehow, things get lost in the translation from laboratory to patient. In human trials of the hemophilia treatment, patients show a response at first, but it fades over time. And the field has still not recovered from the setback it suffered in 1999, when Jesse Gelsinger, an 18-year-old with a rare metabolic disorder, died after receiving an experimental gene therapy at the University of Pennsylvania. Some experts worry that the field will be tarnished further if the next people to benefit are not patients but athletes seeking an edge. This summer, researchers at the Salk Institute in San Diego said they had created a "marathon mouse" by implanting a gene that enhances running ability; already, officials at the World Anti-Doping Agency are preparing to test athletes for signs of "gene doping." But the principle is the same, whether you're trying to help a healthy runner run faster or allow a muscular-dystrophy patient to walk. "Everybody recognizes that gene therapy is a very good idea," says Crystal. "And eventually it's going to work."注(1)：本文选自Newsweek;12/6/2004, p55-55, 2/3p, 1c;注(2)：本文习题命题模仿对象：第1、2题分别模仿2003年真题text1的第2题和第1题;第3、4题分别模仿2004年真题text1的第5 题和第3题;第5题模仿2002年真题text3的第5题;1. The case of Ashanthi Desilva is mentioned in the text to ____________.[A] show the promise of gene-therapy[B] give an example of modern treatment for fatal diseases[C] introduce the achievement of Anderson and his team[D] explain how gene-based treatment works2. Anderson’s early success has ________________.[A] greatly speeded the development of medicine[B] brought no immediate progress in the research of gene-therapy[C] promised a cure to every disease[D] made him a national hero3. Which of the following is true according to the text?[A] Ashanthi needs to receive gene-therapy treatment constantly.[B] Despite the huge funding, gene researches have shown few promises.[C] Therapeutic genes are carried by harmless viruses.[D] Gene-doping is encouraged by world agencies to help athletes get better scores.4. The word “tarnish”(line 5, paragraph 4) most probably means ____________.[A] affect[B] warn[C] trouble[D] stain5. From the text we can see that the author seems ___________.[A] optimistic[B] pessimistic[C] troubled[D] uncertain答案：A B C D A篇章剖析：本篇文章是说明文，主要说明基因疗法的前景，现状，遭遇的问题以及人们对待基因疗法的态度。
考研英语一真题手译阅读2015-Text4
百度官方认证店铺：考研资料2015-1Text41-Two years ago,Rupert Murdoch’s daughter,Elisabeth,spoke of the“unsettling dearth of integrity across so many of our institutions”.Integrity had collapsed,she argued,because of a collective acceptance that the only“sorting mechanism”in society should be profit and the market.But“it’s us,human beings,we the people who create the society we want,not profit”.2-Driving her point home,she continued:“It’s increasingly apparent that the absence of purpose,of a moral language within government,media or business could become one of the most dangerous goals for capitalism and freedom.”This same absence of moral purpose was wounding companies such as News International,she thought, making it more likely that it would lose its way as it had with widespread illegal telephone hacking.3-As the hacking trial concludes—finding guilty one ex-editor of the News of the World,Andy Coulson, for conspiring to hack phones,and finding his predecessor,Rebekah Brooks,innocent of the same charge —the wider issue of dearth of integrity still stands.分享考研资料，助力考研成功！。
2015考研英语阅读理解精读P2—医学
2015考研英语阅读理解精读P2—医学Passage 2Dr. Wise Young has never met the hundreds of thousands of people he has helped in the past 10 years, and most of them have never heard of Wise Young. If they did meet him, however, they'd want to shake his hand--and the remarkable thing about that would be the simple fact that so many of them could. All the people Young has helped were victims of spinal injuries, and they owe much of the mobility they have today to his landmark work.Young, 51, head of the W.M. Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience at Rutgers University in New Brunswick, N.J., was born on New Year's Day at the precise midpoint of the 20th century. Back then, the thinking about spinal-cord injury was straightforward: When a cord is damaged, it's damaged. There's nothing that can be done after an injury to restore the function that was so suddenly lost. As a medical student at Stanford University and a neurosurgeon at New York University Medical Center, Young never had much reason to question that received wisdom, but in 1980 he began to have his doubts. Spinal cords, he knew, experience progressive damage after they're injured, including swelling and inflammation, which may worsen the condition of the already damaged tissue. If that secondary insult could be relieved with drugs, might some function be preserved?Young spent a decade looking into the question, and in 1990 he co-led a landmark study showing that when high doses of a steroid known as methylprednisolone are administered within eight hours of an injury, about 20% of function can be saved. Twenty percent is hardly everything, but it can often be the difference between breathing unassisted or relying on a respirator, walking or spending one's life in a wheelchair. "This discovery led to a revolution in neuroprotective therapy," Young says.A global revolution, actually. More than 50,000 people around the world suffer spinal injuries each year, and these days, methylprednisolone is the standard treatment in the U.S. and many other countries. But Young is still not satisfied. The drug is an elixir for people who are newly injured, but the relief it offers is only partial, and many spinal-injury victims were hurt before it became available. Young's dream is to help those people too--to restore function already lost--and to that end he is studying drugs and growth factors that could improve conduction in damaged nerves or even prod the development of new ones. To ensure that all the neural researchers around the world pull together, he has created the International Neurotrauma Society, founded the Journal of Neural Trauma and established a website () that receives thousands of hits each day."The cure for spinal injury is going to be a combination of therapies," Young says. "It's the most collaborative field I know." Perhaps. But increasingly it seems that if the collaborators had afield general, his name would be Wise Young.注(1)：本文选自Time;8/20/2001, p54;注(2)：本文习题命题模仿对象2004年真题text 3;1. By “the remarkable thing about that would be the simple fact that so many of them could”(Line three, Paragraph 1), the author means_______________.[A] The remarkable thing is actually the simple fact.[B] Many people could do the remarkable things.[C] When meeting him, many people could do the simple but remarkable thing.[D] The remarkable thing lies in the simple fact that so many people could shake hands with him.2. How did people think of the spinal-cord injury at the middle of 20th century?[A] pessimistic[B] optimistic[C] confused[D] carefree3. By saying “Twenty percent is hardly everything”(Line 3, Paragraph 3), the author is talking about_____________.[A] the drug[B] the function of the injured body[C] the function of the drug[D] the injury4. Why was Young unsatisfied with his achievement?[A] The drug cannot help the people who had spinal injury in the past.[B] His treatment is standard.[C] The drug only offers help to a small number of people.[D] The drug only treats some parts of the injury.5. To which of the following statements is the author likely to agree?[A] Wise Young does not meet many people.[B] When Young was young, he did not have much reason to ask questions.[C] If there needs a head of the spinal-injured field, Young might be the right person.[D] Young’s dream is only to help the persons who were injured at early times.答案：D A B A C篇章剖析本文采用先总括说明，再具体阐述的方法，介绍了杨咏威在治疗脊柱损伤这一领域的贡献。
15年考研英语阅读习题及答案
Passage Those who welcomed the railway saw it as more than a rapid and comfortable means of passing. They actually saw it as afactor in world peace. They did not foresee that the railway would be just one more means for the rapid movement of aggressive armies. None of them foresaw that the more weare together-the more chances there are of war. Any boy or girl who is one of a large family knows that. Whenever any new invention is put forward, those for it and those against it can always find medical men to approve or condemn. The anti-railway group produced doctors who said that tunnels would be most dangerous to public health: they would produce colds, catarrhs (粘膜炎) and consumptions. The deafening noise and the glare of the engine fire, would have a bad effect on the nerves. Further, being moved through the air at a high speed would do grave injury to delicate lungs. In those with high blood-pressure, the movement of the train might produce apoplexy (中风). The sudden plunging of a train into the darkness of a tunnel, and the equally sudden rush into full daylight, would cause great damage to eyesight. But the pro-railway group was of course able to produce equally famous medical men to say just the opposite. They said that the speed and swing of the train would equalize the circulation, promote digestion, tranquilize the nerves, and ensure good sleep. The actual rolling-stock was anything but comfortable. If it was a test of endurance to sit for four hours outside a coach in rain, or inside in dirty air, the railway offered little more in the way of comfort. Certainly the first-class carriages had cushioned seats; but the second-class had only narrow bare boards, while the third-class had nothing at all; no seats and no roof; they were just open trucks. So that third-class passengers gained nothing from the few mode except speed. In the matter of comfort, indeed they lost; they did, on the coaches, have a seat, but now they had to stand all the way, which gave opportunities to the comic (滑稽的) press. This kind of thing: A man was seen yesterday buying a third-class ticket for the new London and Birmingham Railway. The state of his mind is being enquired into. A writer in the early days of railways wrote feelingly of both second-and third-class carriages. He made the suggestion that the directors of the railways must have sent all over the world to find the hardest possible wood. Of the open third-class trucks he said that they had the peculiar property of meeting the rain from whatever quarter it came. He described them as horizontal shower-baths, from whose searching power there was no escape. 1. All boys and girls in large families know that . A) a boy and a girl usually fight when they are together B) people tend to be together more than they used to be C) a lot of people being together makes fights likely D) Railway leads the world to peace 2. According to those who welcomed the railway, the railway itself should include all the following except . A) the railway enables people travel fast B) the railway brings comfort to people C) the railway makes the world peaceful D) the railway leads the world to war as well. 3. According to the anti-railway group, all the followings are true but . A) tunnels are dangerous to public health B) the noise and the glare of the engine fire may affect people's nerves C) the rapid speed through the air does damage to people's lungs D) to those with high blood-pressure, the rapid speed of the train causes them to die 4. We may safely conclude that . A) the author belongs to the anti-railway group B) the author belongs to the for-railway group C) the author speaks highly of the railway D) the author may never take train because of its potential dangers 5. What is the tone of this passage? A)Practical B)Satirical C)Humorous D)Exaggerated Answer1.C2.D3.D4.A5.C。
2015年考研英语阅读习题及答案
Passage You're busy filling out the application form for a position you really need; let's assume you once actually completed a couple of years of college work or even that you completed your degree. Isn't it tempting to lie just a little, to claim on the form that your diploma represents a Harvard degree? Or that you finished an extra couple of years back at State University? More and more people are turning to utter deception like this to land their job or to move ahead in their careers, for personnel officers, like most Americans, value degrees from famous schools. A job applicant may have a good education anyway, but he or she assumes that chances of being hired are better with a diploma from a well-known university. Registrars at most well-known colleges say theydeal with deceitful claims like these at the rate of aboutone per week. Personnel officers do check up on degrees listed on application forms, then. If it turns out that an applicants lying, most colleges are reluctant to accuse the applicant directly. One Ivy League school calls them impostors(骗⼦); another refers to them asspecial cases. One well-known West Coast school, in perhaps the most delicate phrase of all, says that these claims are made byno such people. To avoid outright(彻底的)lies, some job-seekers claim that they attended or were associated with a college or university. After carefully checking, a personnel officer may discover that attending means being dismissed after one semester. It may be that being associated with a college means that the job-seeker visited his younger brother for a football weekend. One school that keeps records of false claims says that the practice dates back at least to the turn of the century-that's when they began keeping records, anyhow. If you don't want to lie or even stretch the truth, there are companies that will sell you a phony(假的)diploma. One company, with offices in New York and on the West Coast, will put your name on a diploma from any number of non-existent colleges. The price begins at around twenty dollars for a diploma from Smoot State University.The prices increase rapidly for a degree from the University of Purdue. As there is no Smoot State and the real school in Indiana properly called Purdue University, the prices seem rather high for one sheet of paper. 1. The main idea of this passage is that . A) employers are checking more closely on applicants now B) lying about college degrees has become a widespread problem C) college degrees can now be purchased easily D) employers are no longer interested in college degrees 2. According to the passage, special cases refer to cases where . A) students attend a school only part-time B) students never attended a school they listed on their application C) students purchase false degrees from commercial films D) students attended a famous school 3. We can infer from the passage that . A) performance is a better judge of ability that a college degree B) experience is the best teacher C) past work histories influence personnel officers more than degrees do D) a degree from a famous school enables an applicant to gain advantage over others in job petition 4. This passage implies that . A) buying a false degree is not moral B) personnel officers only consider applicants from famousschools C) most people lie on applications because they were dismissed from school D) society should be greatly responsible for lying on applications 5. As used in the first line of the second paragraph, the word utter means . A)address B)thorough C)ultimate D)decisive Answer1.B2.C3.D4.D5.C。
深度解析2015英语一真题阅读Text4
深度解析2015英语一真题阅读Text4第四篇阅读理解选自2014年6月29日The Observer（《观察家》）发表的名为“As the hacking trial proves, we lack moral purpose in public life”的文章，属于社会生活类题材的文章。
作者通过对手机黑客案件的审理，分析了目前由此造成的道德丧失问题普遍存在的原因，尤其是在新闻产业中。
这篇文章五道考题难度相对较大，其中有三道推理题，一道细节题，还有一道观点例证题。
虽然题目的设置有所难度，但是解题方法却离不开海文老师一直提倡的宏观阅读法。
只要抓住了这篇文章的主线，以及作者的态度，那么这五道题也就不那么难了。
首先，第一段作者通过引用Elizabeth的话，指出目前存在的正值感丧失是让人很沮丧的。
接着从第二段开始，就过渡到了新闻业中。
很多记者涉及到非法的手机黑客案中；然后第三段和第四段明确指出，对于这种案件审理过程中的问题使得道德丧失依然存在。
最后第五段和第六段深化主题，表现出作者的态度，认为现在普遍存在的社会分类机制只看重利益，而忽略了公平正义，并再次通过记者的行为进行佐证。
36题是一个细节题。
可以直接定位到第一段第一句话，Elizabeth认为让人烦心的（unsettling）的是dearth of integrity（正值感的丧失）。
第二句话，进一步指出正值感的丧失（integrity had collapsed）是由于目前人们广泛认同的社会分类机制（sorting mechanism）。
结合这两句话，不难得出答案为A (the consequences of the current sorting mechanism)。
这道题比较容易，通过结合文章的具体信息以及因果逻辑关系（because of）可以直接得出答案。
37题是一道封闭式推理题，该题有一定的难度。
考生需要对第三段的内容结构进行分析。
2015年考研英语(一)阅读理解text4
2015年考研英语（一）阅读理解text42015年英语（一）的阅读理解Part A部分与2014年相比没有太大改变，考生在考试过程中应继续秉承正确的方法——先读题目，了解题目的要求，再有目的地回到原文中找正确答案。
Text 4的文章整体来讲不算难，如果对Murdoch（默多克）传媒帝国下属的news of the world（《世界新闻报》）的telephone hacking（电话窃听）丑闻有所了解的话，这篇文章做起来应该是得心应手的，所以多了解背景知识对我们的英语考试有很大帮助。
第36题，According to the first two paragraphs, Elisabeth was upset by_____.问Elisabeth因为什么感到生气。
第一段和第二段都是围绕Elisabeth的话展开的，第一段有一个明显的提示词because of，这句话就非常清晰的解释了Elisabeth生气的原因，Integrity had collapsed, she argued, because of a collective acceptance that theonly “sorting mechanism” in society should be profit and the market.（诚信崩塌是因为公众都接受这样一个观点：社会的“分拣机制”应该是能盈利的和能做交易的）。
与A选项对应，the consequences of the current sorting mechanism.（现行分拣机制的后果）。
其实就是说Elisabeth主要是因为“dearth of integrity”或“integrity had collapsed”生气，而这正是现行“sorting mechanism”的结果。
第37题，It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that______.可以从第3段推断出什么。
2015年全国考研英语一真题详解.doc
2015年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)①Though not biologically related, friends are as “related” as fourth cousins, sharing about 1% of genes. ②That is 1 a study, published from the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, has 2 .①The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted 3 1,932 unique subjects which4 pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers. ②The same people were used in both5 .①While 1% may seem 6 , it is not so to a geneticist. ②As James Fowler, professor of medical genetics at UC San Diego, says, “Most people do not even 7 their fourth cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who 8 our kin.”①The study 9 found that the genes for smell were something shared in friends but not genes for immunity. ②Why this similarity exists in smell genes is difficult to explain, for now.③10 , as the team suggests, it draws us to similar environments but there is more 11 it. ④There could be many mechanisms working together that 12 us in choosing genetically similar friends 13 “functional kinship” of being friends with 14 !①One of the remarkable findings of the study was that the similar genes seem to be evolving15 than other genes. ②Studying this could help 16 why human evolution picked pace in the last 30,000 years, with social environment being a major 17 factor.①The findings do not simply explain people’s 18 to befriend those of similar 19 backgrounds, say the researchers. ②Though all the subjects were drawn from a population of European extraction, care was taken to 20 that all subjects, friends and strangers were taken from the same population. ③The team also controlled the data to check ancestry of subjects.1. [A] what [B] why [C] how [D] when2. [A] defended [B] concluded [C] withdrawn [D] advised3. [A] for [B] with [C] by [D] on4. [A] separated [B] sought [C] compared [D] connected5. [A] tests [B] objects [C] samples [D] examples6. [A] insignificant [B] unexpected [C] unreliable [D] incredible7. [A] visit [B] miss [C] know [D] seek8. [A] surpass [B] influence [C] favor [D] resemble9. [A] again [B] also [C] instead [D] thus10. [A] Meanwhile [B] Furthermore [C] Likewise [D] Perhaps11. [A] about [B] to [C] from [D] like12. [A] limit [B] observe [C] confuse [D] drive13. [A] according to [B] rather than [C] regardless of [D] along with14. [A] chances [B] responses [C] benefits [D] missions15. [A] faster [B] slower [C] later [D] earlier16. [A] forecast [B] remember [C] express [D] understand17. [A] unpredictable [B] contributory [C] controllable [D] disruptive18. [A] tendency [B] decision [C] arrangement [D] endeavor19. [A] political [B] religious [C] ethnic [D] economic20. [A] see [B] show [C] prove [D] tellSection ⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1①King Juan Carlos of Spain once insisted “kings don’t abdicate, they die in their sleep.” ②But embarrassing scandals and the popularity of the republican left in the recent Euro-elections have forced him to eat his words and stand down. ③So, does the Spanish crisis suggest that monarchy is seeing its last days? ④Does that mean the writing is on the wall for all European royals, with their magnificent uniforms and majestic lifestyles?①The Spanish case provides arguments both for and against monarchy. ②When public opinion is particularly polarised, as it was following the end of the Franco regime, monarchs can rise above “mere” politics and “embody” a spirit of national unity.①It is this apparent transcendence of politics that explains monarchs’ continuing popularity as heads of states. ②And so, the Middle East excepted, Europe is the most monarch-infested region in the world, with 10 kingdoms (not counting Vatican City and Andorra). ③But unlike their absolutist counterparts in the Gulf and Asia, most royal families have survived because they allow voters to avoid the difficult search for a non-controversial but respected public figure.①Even so, kings and queens undoubtedly have a downside. ②Symbolic of national unity as they claim to be, their very history—and sometimes the way they behave today—embodies outdated and indefensible privileges and inequalities. ③At a time when Thomas Piketty and other economists are warning of rising inequality and the increasing power of inherited wealth, it is bizarre that wealthy aristocratic families should still be the symbolic heart of modern democratic states.①The most successful monarchies strive to abandon or hide their old aristocratic ways. ②Princes and princesses have day-jobs and ride bicycles, not horses (or helicopters). ③Even so,these are wealthy families who party with the international 1%, and media intrusiveness makes it increasingly difficult to maintain the right image.While Europe’s monarchies will no doubt be smart enough to strive for some time to come, it is the British royals who have most to fear from the Spanish example.①It is only the Queen who has preserved the monarchy’s reputation with her rather ordinary (if well-heeled) granny style. ②The danger will come with Charles, who has both an expensive taste of lifestyle and a pretty hierarchical view of the world. ③He has failed to understand that monarchies have largely survived because they provide a service—as non-controversial and non-political heads of state. ④Charles ought to know that as English history shows, it is kings, not republicans, who are the monarchy’s worst enemies.21. According to the first two paragraphs, King Juan Carlos of Spain _______.[A] used to enjoy high public support[B] was unpopular among European royals[C] eased his relationship with his rivals[D] ended his reign in embarrassment22. Monarchs are kept as heads of state in Europe mostly _______.[A] owing to their undoubted and respectable status[B] to achieve a balance between tradition and reality[C] to give voters more public figures to look up to[D] due to their everlasting political embodiment23. Which of the following is shown to be odd, according to Paragraph 4?[A] Aristocrats’ excessive reliance on inherited wealth.[B] The role of the nobility in modern democracies.[C] The simple lifestyle of the aristocratic families.[D] The nobility’s adherence to their privileges.24. The British royals “have most to fear” because Charles _______.[A] takes a tough line on political issues[B] fails to change his lifestyle as advised[C] takes republicans as his potential allies[D] fails to adapt himself to his future role25. Which of the following is the best title of the text?[A] Carlos, Glory and Disgrace Combined[B] Charles, Anxious to Succeed to the Throne[C] Carlos, a Lesson for All European Monarchs[D] Charles, Slow to React to the Coming ThreatsText 2①Just how much does the Constitution protect your digital data? ②The Supreme Court will now consider whether police can search the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant if the phone is on or around a person during an arrest.①California has asked the justices to refrain from a sweeping ruling, particularly one that upsets the old assumptions that authorities may search through the possessions of suspects at the time of their arrest. ②It is hard, the state argues, for judges to assess the implications of new and rapidly changing technologies.①The court would be recklessly modest if it followed California’s advice. ②Enough of the implications are discernable, even obvious, so that the justices can and should provide updated guidelines to police, lawyers and defendants.①They should start by discarding Cal ifornia’s lame argument that exploring the contents of a smart phone—a vast storehouse of digital information—is similar to, say, rifling through a suspect’s purse. ②The court has ruled that police don’t violate the Fourth Amendment when they go through the wallet or pocketbook of an arrestee without a warrant. ③But exploring one’s smartphone is more like entering his or her home. ④A smartphone may contain an arrestee’s reading history, financial history, medical history and comprehensive records of recent correspondence. ⑤The development of “cloud computing,” meanwhile, has made that exploration so much the easier.①Americans should take steps to protect their digital privacy. ②But keeping sensitive information on these devices is increasingly a requirement of normal life. ③Citizens still have a right to expect private documents to remain private and protected by the Constitution’s prohibition on unreasonable searches.①As so often is the case, stating that principle doesn’t ease the challenge of line-drawing. ②In many cases, it would not be overly onerous for authorities to obtain a warrant to search through phone contents. ③They could still invalidate Fourth Amendment protections when facing severe, urgent circumstances, and they could take reasonable measures to ensure that phone data are not erased or altered while a warrant is pending. ④The court, though, may want to allow room for police to cite situations where they are entitled to more freedom.①But the justices should not swallow California’s argument whole. ②New, disruptive technology sometimes demands novel applications of the Constitution’s protections. ③Orin Kerr, a law professor, compares the explosion and accessibility of digital information in the 21st century with the establishment of automobile use as a virtual necessity of life in the 20th: The justices had to specify novel rules for the new personal domain of the passenger car then; they must sort out how the Fourth Amendment applies to digital information now.26. The Supreme Court will work out whether, during an arrest, it is legitimate to_______.[A] prevent suspects from deleting their phone contents[B] sea rch for suspects’ mobile phones without a warrant[C] check suspects’ phone contents without being authorized[D]prohibit suspects from using their mobile phones27. The author’s attitude toward California’s argument is one of_______.[A] disapproval[B] indifference[C] tolerance[D]cautiousness28. The author believes that exploring one’s phone contents is comparable to_______.[A] getting into one’s residence[B] handling one’s historical records[C] scanning one’s correspondences[D] going through one’s wallet29. In Paragraphs 5 and 6, the author shows his concern that_______.[A] principles are hard to be clearly expressed[B] the court is giving police less room for action[C] citizens’ privacy is not effectively protected[D] phones are used to store sensitive information30. Orin Kerr’s comparison is quoted to indicate that_______.[A] the Constitution should be implemented flexibly[B] new technology requires reinterpretation of the Constitution[C]California’s argument violates principles of the Constitution[D]principles of the Constitution should never be alteredText 3①The journal Science is adding an extra round of statistical checks to its peer-review process, editor-in-chief Marcia McNutt announced today. ②The policy follows similar efforts from other journals, after widespread concern that basic mistakes in data analysis are contributing to the irreproducibility of many published research findings.①“Readers must have confidence in the conclusions published in our journal,” writes McNutt in an editorial. ②Working with the American Statistical Association, the journal has appointed seven experts to a statistics board of reviewing editors (SBoRE).③Manuscript will be flagged up for additional scrutiny by the journal’s internal editors, or by its existing Board of Reviewing Editors or by outside peer reviewers. ④The SBoRE panel will then find external statisticians to review these manuscripts.①Asked whether any particular papers had impelled the change, McNutt said: “The creation of the ‘statistics board’ was motivated by concerns broadly with the application of statistics and data analysis in scientific research and is part of Science’s ov erall drive to increase reproducibility in the research we publish.”①Giovanni Parmigiani, a biostatistician at the Harvard School of Public Health, is a member of the SBoRE group. ②He says he expects the board to “play primarily an advisory role.”③He agreed to join because he “found the foresight behind the establishment of the SBoRE to be novel, unique and likely to have a lasting impact. ④This impact will not only be through the publications in Science itself, but hopefully through a larger group of publishing places that may want to model their approach after Science.”①John Ioannidis, a physician who studies research methodology, says that the policy is “a most welcome step forward” and “long overdue.”②“Most journals are weak in statistical review, and this damages the quality of what they publish. ③I think that, for the majority of scientific papers nowadays, statistical review is more essentia l than expert review,” he says. ④But he noted that biomedical journals such as Annals of Internal Medicine, the Journal of the American Medical Association and The Lancet pay strong attention to statistical review.①Professional scientists are expected to know how to analyze data, but statistical errors are alarmingly common in published research, according to David Vaux, a cell biologist. ②Researchers should improve their standards, he wrote in 2012, but journals should also take a tougher line, “engaging reviewers who are statistically literate and editors who can verify the process”. ③Vaux says that Science’s idea to pass some papers to statisticians “has some merit, but a weakness is that it re lies on the board of reviewing editors to identify ‘the papers that need scrutiny’ in the first place”.31. It can be learned from Paragraph 1 that _______.[A] Science intends to simplify its peer-review process[B] journals are strengthening their statistical checks[C] few journals are blamed for mistakes in data analysis[D] lack of data analysis is common in research projects32. The phrase “flagged up” (Para. 2) is the closest in meaning to_______.[A] found[B] marked[C] revised[D] stored33. Giovanni Parmigiani believes that the establishment of the SBoRE may _______.[A] pose a threat to all its peers[B] meet with strong opposition[C] increase Science’s circulation[D] set an example for other journals34. David Vaux holds that what Science is doing now _______.[A] adds to researchers’ workload[B] diminishes the role of reviewers[C] has room for further improvement[D] is to fail in the foreseeable future35. Which of the following is the best title of the text?[A] Science Joins Push to Screen Statistics in Papers[B] Professional Statisticians Deserve More Respect[C] Data Analysis Finds Its Way onto Editors’ Desks[D] Statisticians Are Coming Back with ScienceText 4①Two years ago, Rupert Murdoch’s daughter, Elisabeth, spoke of the “unsettling dearth of integrity across so many of our institutions”. ②Integrity had collapsed, she argued, because of a collective acceptance that the only “sorting mechanism” in society should be profit and the m arket.③But “it’s us, human beings, we the people who create the society we want, not profit”.①Driving her point home, she continued: “It’s increasingly apparent that the absence of purpose, of a moral language within government, media or business could become one of the most dangerous goals for capitalism and freedom.” ②This same absence of moral purpose waswounding companies such as News International, she thought, making it more likely that it would lose its way as it had with widespread illegal telephone hacking .①As the hacking trial concludes—finding guilty one ex-editor of the News of the World, Andy Coulson, for conspiring to hack phones, and finding his predecessor, Rebekah Brooks, innocent of the same charge—the wider issue of dearth of integrity still stand. ②Journalists are known to have hacked the phones of up to 5,500 people. ③This is hacking on an industrial scale, as was acknowledged by Glenn Mulcaire, the man hired by the News of the World in 2001 to be the point person for phone hacking. ④Others await trial. ⑤This long story still unfolds.①In many respects, the dearth of moral purpose frames not only the fact of such widespread phone hacking but the terms on which the trial took place. ②One of the astonishing revelations was how little Rebekah Brooks knew of what went on in her newsroom, how little she thought to ask and the fact that she never inquired how the stories arrived. ③The core of her successful defence was that she knew nothing.①In today’s world, it has become normal that well-paid executives should not be accountable for what happens in the organizations that they run. ②Perhaps we should not be so surprised. ③For a generation, the collective doctrine has been that the sorting mechanism of society should be profit. ④The words that have mattered are efficiency, flexibility, shareholder value, business-friendly, wealth generation, sales, impact and, in newspapers, circulation. ⑤Words degraded to the margin have been justice, fairness, tolerance, proportionality and accountability.①The purpose of editing the News of the World was not to promote reader understanding, to be fair in what was written or to betray any common humanity. ②It was to ruin lives in the quest for circulation and impact. ③Ms Brooks may or may not have had suspicions about how her journalists got their stories, but she asked no questions, gave no instructions—nor received traceable, recorded answers.36. According to the first two paragraphs, Elisabeth was upset by_______.[A] the consequences of the current sorting mechanism[B] companies’ financial loss due to immoral practices[C] governmental ineffectiveness on moral issues[D]the wide misuse of integrity among institutions37. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that_______.[A] Glem Mulcaire may deny phone hacking as a crime[B] more journalists may be found guilty of phone hacking[C] Andy Coulson should be held innocent of the charge[D] phone hacking will be accepted on certain occasions38. The author believes the Rebekah Books’s defence_______.[A] revealed a cunning personality[B] centered on trivial issues[C] was hardly convincing[D] was part of a conspiracy39. The author holds that the current collective doctrine shows_______.[A] generally distorted values[B] unfair wealth distribution[C] a marginalized lifestyle[D] a rigid moral code40. Which of the following is suggested in the last paragraph?[A] The quality of writing is of primary importance.[B] Common humanity is central in news reporting.[C] Moral awareness matters in editing a newspaper.[D] Journalists need stricter industrial regulations.Part BDirections:In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) How does your reading proceed? Clearly you try to comprehend, in the sense of identifying meanings for individual words and working out relationships between them, drawing on your implicit knowledge of English grammar. (41) ______________________________ You begin to infer a context for the text, for instance, by making decisions about what kind of speech event is involved: Who is making the utterance, to whom, when and where？The ways of reading indicated here are without doubt kinds of comprehension. But they show comprehension to consist not just of passive assimilation but of active engagement in inference and problem-solving. You infer information you feel the writer has invited you to grasp by presenting you with specific evidence and clues. (42) ______________________________ Conceived in this way, comprehension will not follow exactly the same track for each reader. What is in question is not the retrieval of an absolute, fixed or “true” meaning that can be read off and checked for accuracy, or some timeless relation of the text to the world. (43) ______________ Such background material inevitably reflects who we are. (44) _____________________ This doesn’t, however, make interpretation merely relative or even pointless. Precisely because readers from different historical periods, places and social experiences produce different but overlapping readings of the same words on the page—including for texts that engage with fundamental human concerns—debates about texts can play an important role in social discussion of beliefs and values.How we read a given text also depends to some extent on our particular interest in reading it.(45)____________________ Such dimensions of reading suggest—as others introduced later in the book will also do—that we bring an implicit (often unacknowledged) agenda to any act of reading. It doesn’t then necessarily follow that one ki nd of reading is fuller, more advanced or more worthwhile than another. Ideally, different kinds of reading inform each other, and act as useful reference points for and counterbalances to one another. Together, they make up the reading component of your overall literacy, or relationship to your surrounding textual environment.[A] Are we studying that text and trying to respond in a way that fulfils the requirement of a givencourse? Reading it simply for pleasure? Skimming it for information? Ways of reading on atrain or in bed are likely to differ considerably from reading in a seminar room.[B] Factors such as the place and period in which we are reading, our gender, ethnicity, age andsocial class will encourage us towards certain interpretations but at the same time obscure or even close off others.[C] If you are unfamiliar with words or idioms, you guess at their meaning, using clues presentedin the context. On the assumption that they will become relevant later, you make a mental note of discourse entities as well as possible links between them.[D] In effect, you try to reconstruct the likely meanings or effects that any given sentence, imageor reference might have had: These might be the ones the author intended.[E] You make further inferences, for instance, about how the text may be significant to you, orabout its validity—inferences that form the basis of a personal response for which the author will inevitably be far less responsible.[F] In plays, novels and narrative poems, characters speak as constructs created by the author, notnecessarily as mouthpieces for the author’s own thoughts.[G] Rather, we ascribe meanings to texts on the basis of interaction between what we might calltextual and contextual material: between kinds of organization or patterning we perceive in a text’s formal structures (so especially its language structures) and various kinds of background, social knowledge, belief and attitude that we bring to the text.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Within the span of a hundred years, in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, a tide of emigration—one of the great folk wanderings of history—swept from Europe to America. (46) This movement, driven by powerful and diverse motivations, built a nation out of a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.(47) The United States is the product of two principal forces—the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits. Of necessity, colonial America was a projection of Europe. Across the Atlantic came successive groups of Englishmen, Frenchmen, Germans, Scots, Irishmen, Dutchmen, Swedes, and many others who attempted to transplant their habits and traditions to the new world. (48) But the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America, the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another, and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw, new continent caused significant changes. These changes were gradual and at first scarcely visible. But the result was a new social pattern which, although it resembled European society in many ways, had a character that was distinctly American.(49)The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after the 15th-and-16th-century explorations of North America. In the meantime, thriving Spanish colonies had been established in Mexico, the West Indies, and South America. These travelers to North America came in small, unmercifully overcrowded craft. During their six- to twelve-week voyage, they survived on barely enough foodallotted to them. Many of the ships were lost in storms, many passengers died of disease, and infants rarely survived the journey. Sometimes storms blew the vessels far off their course, and often calm brought unbearably long delay.To the anxious travelers the sight of the American shore brought almost inexpressible relief. Said one recorder of events, “The air at twelve leagues’ distance smelt as sweet as a new-blown garden.” The colonists’ first glimpse of the new land was a sight of dense woods. (50)The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a real treasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia. Here was abundant fuel and lumber. Here was the raw material of houses and furniture, ships and potash, dyes and naval stores.Section III WritingPart A51. Directions:You are going to host a club reading session. Write an email of about 100 words recommending a book to the club members.You should state reasons for your recommendation.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following picture. In your essay, you should1) describe the picture briefly,2) interpret its intended meaning, and3) give your comments.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)2015年试题精读透析Section ⅠUse of English (10 points)1. A2. B3. D4. C5. C6. A7. C8. D9. B 10. D11. B 12. D 13. B 14. C 15. A 16. D 17. B 18. A 19. C 20. A Section ⅡReading Comprehension (60 points)Part A (40 points)21. D 22. A 23. B 24. D 25. C 26. C 27. A 28. A 29. C 30. B 31. B 32. B 33. D 34. C 35. A 36. A 37. B 38. C 39. A 40. C Part B (10 points)41. C 42. E 43. G 44. B 45. APart C (10 points)46. 这场移民运动由各种强大的动机所推动，在一片荒野之中创立了一个国家，并且，就其本质而言，它也塑造了一个未知大陆的性格和决定了它的命运。
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2015考研英语阅读理解精读P14—医学Passage 14A widely heralded but still experimental cancer-fighting compound may be used someday to prevent two other major killers of Americans: heart disease and stroke. That was the implication of a remarkable report published last week in the journal Circulation by a team of researchers from Dr. Judah Folkman's laboratory at the Children's Hospital in Boston.The versatile compound is endostatin, a human protein that inhibits angiogenesis, the growth of new blood vessels in the body. In tests reported in 1997 by Folkman, a prominent cancer researcher who pioneered the study of angiogenesis, the drug had reduced and even eradicated tumors in laboratory mice. How? By stunting the growth of capillaries necessary for nourishing the burgeoning mouse tumors.When news of Folkman's achievement became widely known last year, it led to wildly exaggerated predictions of imminent cancer cures. When other scientists were initially unable to duplicate those results, questions arose about the validity of Folkman's research. Then in February scientists at the National Cancer Institute, with guidance from Folkman, finally matched his results. Reassured, the N.C.I. gave the go-ahead for clinical trials of endostatin later this year on patients with advanced tumors.How can a drug that is apparently effective against tumors also reduce the risk of heart attack and stroke? The answer lies in the composition of plaque, the fatty deposit that builds up in arteries and can eventually clog them. Plaque consists of a mix of cholesterol, white blood cells and smooth muscle cells, and as it accumulates, a network of capillaries sprouts from the artery walls to nourish the cells. Could endostatin halt the growth of capillaries and starve the plaque?A Folkman lab team led by Dr. Karen Moulton decided to find out. The scientists put baby lab mice on a 16-week "Western diet" that was high in fat and cholesterol, then measured the plaque buildup on the walls of each aorta, the large artery that carries blood from the heart to the rest of the body. Meanwhile, they injected one group of mice with endostatin, another with a different blood-vessel inhibitor called TNP-470 and a control group with an inert saline solution. Twenty weeks later the researchers again measured plaque in the mouse aortas. The results were startling: the endostatin group averaged 85% less plaque buildup and the TNP-470 group 70% less than those in the control group.All too aware of the premature hopes raised last year after Folkman's tumor report, the researchers have been careful not to oversell the new results. "If this finding is supported in future studies," says Moulton, "[it could open the way for] treatments that could delay the progression of heart disease and possibly reduce the incidence of heart attacks and strokes." But any such treatments, she stresses, are probably five to 10 years away.注(1)：本文选自Time; 04/19/99, p48;注(2)：本文习题命题模仿对象2004年真题Text 1;1. What did the report indicate?[A]A very important drug is now at experimental stage.[B]Heart disease and stroke are the most serious threats to Americans.[C]The tumor drug can be used for the heart disease in the future.[D]Many Americans suffer from heart disease and stroke.2. Why did the N.C.I. agree to have clinical trials of endostatin on the patients?[A]They were convinced of the Folkman's research.[B]They can do such a research as well as Folkman.[C]The patients with advanced tumors need the drug.[D]The drug should be proved effective on humans.3. The expression “stunting the growth of capillaries”(Line 8, Paragraph 2) most probablymeans _______.[A]help the growth of capillaries[B]limit the growth of capillaries[C]improve the growth of capillaries[D]prevent the growth of capillaries4. Why can the tumor drug be used for the heart?[A]It can accumulate a network of capillaries and nourish the cells.[B]It can stop the growth of capillaries and provide no nourishment for plaque.[C]The curing method of tumor and heart disease is the same.[D]The tumor and heart disease are made up of the same substance.5. Which of the following is true according to the text?[A]Folkman's tumor report had been exaggerated.[B]The tumor drug is not as effective as what has been expected.[C]The new results of the research are far more encouraging.[D]Researchers still have a long way to go to make another successful experiment.答案：CADBC篇章剖析本文采用的是提出问题——解析问题的模式，指出一种抗癌制剂也可以用于治疗动脉硬化症的作用机理及其意义。