土木工程的发展现状与未来发展趋势 英语论文

2012-2013学年第二学期专业英语考试论文
姓名
学号
院系土木工程与建筑系
专业土木工程
年级 10级
任课教师
2013年6月16日
The Current Status and Future Developing Trend of Civil
Engineering
土木工程的发展现状与未来发展趋势
Introduction
Civil Engineering English is Civil Engineering, literal translation is the civil engineering, it is referred to as the construction of the project. It means building objects, namely the construction on the ground, underground, water engineering facilities, equipment and materials to use in the survey, design and construction, maintenance, repair and other professional technology. From the history of civil engineering development, enhance the development of the use of design theory, every new building materials and construction technology for civil engineering will bring leap - style development. Therefore, from twenty-first Century to today with the human, with the promotion and development of the design theory of use, new building materials and construction technology, today's civil engineering has undergone important changes.
Civil engineering is the construction of various types of Engineering Science and technology. It refers to the application of materials, equipment and carried out the survey, design, construction, maintenance, repair and other technical activities; also refers to the construction of the object, that is built on the ground or underground, on land or in the water, directly or indirectly to human life, production, military, scientific research and service of various engineering facilities, for example housing, roads, railways, pipelines, tunnels, bridges, canals, dams, harbors, stations, airports, offshore platform, water supply and drainage and protection engineering.
Abstract: the civil engineering can be said to be a kind of civilization, which produces along with the social production, the civil engineering has got certain development, civil engineering is the existing form of indispensable, the future life will be more vigorous development, in order to satisfy the people demand more.
Keywords: civil engineering construction management of industrial and civil architecture engineering economy.
摘要：土木工程可以说是一种文明，随着社会的产生而产生，当今的土木工程已经得到了一定的发展，土木工程是不可缺少的存在形式，未来的生活中更会得到大力的发展，以满足人们更多的需求。

关键词：土木工程建筑工程建筑施工管理工业与民用建筑工程经济
Ⅰ、Know the status of civil engineering and its modern characteristics
The current civil engineering, are increasingly with its use function or production process closely. The public and residential buildings required construction, structure, water supply and drainage, heating, ventilation, gas, power supply for modern technical equipment is integrated into the overall. industrial buildings requires constant temperature and humidity, vibration isolation, corrosion, radiation protection, fire, explosion, antimagnetic, dustproof, high (low) temperature, high (low) wet, and the development of large span, heavy, flexible space direction. In addition, the rise of the rapid development of high-rise buildings, underground engineering, city elevated roads, overpasses have emerged, and gradually realize large-scale, high-speed transportation of water conservancy project. ?? It is worth mentioning that since China adopted the reform and opening up, the comprehensive national strength has been greatly improved, with more large-scale development and utilization of water resources conditions, such as the Three Gorges project, the South-to-North Water Diversion Project is a large-scale water conservancy projects such as world class.
To adapt to the rapid development of all types of construction requirements, people need to build large-scale, large span, tall, light, the large, sophisticated equipment, modern buildings, require both high quality and rapid construction, high economic efficiency requirements. This new to the subject of civil engineering, and to promote the subject in civil engineering. Its development trends are embodied in the following aspects.
Building material. The new high-strength lightweight materials appear continuously. Lighter than steel aluminum, magnesium alloy and glass fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) has been applied. But some elastic modulus of these materials is low, some prices are too high, the application scope is limited, and therefore are to be the new exploration. In addition, to improve the strength and durability of steel and concrete, has achieved remarkable results, continue to progress.
Engineering geology and foundation. Engineering geological structure and foundation construction
area and its stress and mechanical properties under the natural condition, design and construction not only directly determines the basic, often related to the siting of facilities, construction materials and structural system of choice for underground engineering, a greater impact on. Engineering and geological foundation of the investigation, the current scene is still the main drilling sampling, laboratory analysis and test, it is certain limitations. To meet the needs of modern large building, need to create new methods of investigation by using modern science and technology.
To adapt to the rapid development of all types of construction requirements, people need to build large-scale, large span, tall, light, the large, sophisticated equipment, modern buildings, require both high quality and rapid construction, high economic efficiency requirements. This new to the subject of civil engineering, and to promote the subject in civil engineering. Its development trends are embodied in the following aspects.
Building material. The new high-strength lightweight materials appear continuously. Lighter than steel aluminum, magnesium alloy and glass fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) has been applied. But some elastic modulus of these materials is low, some prices are too high, the application scope is limited, and therefore are to be the new exploration. In addition, to improve the strength and durability of steel and concrete, has achieved remarkable results, continue to progress.
Engineering geology and foundation. Engineering geological structure and foundation construction area and its stress and mechanical properties under the natural condition, design and construction not only directly determines the basic, often related to the siting of facilities, construction materials and structural system of choice for underground engineering, a greater impact on. Engineering and geological foundation of the investigation, the current scene is still the main drilling sampling, laboratory analysis and test, it is certain limitations. To meet the needs of modern large building, need to create new methods of investigation by using modern science and technology.
The engineering construction. With the expansion of the scale of civil engineering and the resulting construction tools, equipment, machinery to the variety, automation, large-scale development, construction increasingly towards mechanization and automation. At the same time, the beginning of organization and management systems engineering theory and methods, has become more scientific; some engineering facilities to tend to the production of industrialization and standardization of structures and components. In this way, not only can reduce cost, shorten the construction period, improve labor productivity, and can solve the construction operation under special conditions, the construction of the past difficult construction projects.
Ⅱ、Future of civil engineering career
Continue to guide the development of the theory of. In the foreseeable future, the core part of technical theory of civil engineering is mechanical, a new analytical method and numerical method of new will be the breakthrough direction mechanics in civil engineering. Analysis on the stress of complex structure, the fluid medium under such circumstances and approximate, existing methods are still has great limitations. More specialized mathematics in the future should also have the very big development, to deal with numerical problems in complex civil engineering technology. The application of electronic computer is more advanced, more make the simulation of complex situation assurance, closer to reality. Mechanics will break the macro framework, to the microscopic development, control theory, virtual reality technology also deepen impact in mechanics. In in in in in in in in on the other hand, civil engineering disciplines will be around to continue to spread, and materials, environmental, chemical, electronic information, machinery, city planning, construction and other related disciplines to cross, fusion, mutual support, mutual service. The secondary discipline of civil engineering internal also will produce new disciplines needed boost in the real world, such as large-scale use of the city underground space makes underground planning new necessary and development. Different secondary discipline theory will permeate each other, for example, now there are some large stadium adopts a structure similar to the suspension bridge.
Changes in project implementation. The final purpose of civil construction is the construction of engineering structure meets the design requirements, from design to production process to achieve the needed in the middle of a long project. This is the civil engineering is an important part of. Even may say that is the most important aspect of civil engineering, the theory and design of good, no good engineering practice, does not produce an excellent works. The information age is coming, new technology and new ideas from other disciplines and other aspects, the inevitable will also affect the civil engineering. And inject new vitality into the traditional disciplines. Including control theory, construction technology, new materials, environmental engineering, economic theory etc.
The whole process of informatization. The characteristics of informationization will penetrate deeper into the future in civil engineering, key is not limited to CAD, also contains data on the progress of the project management, operation of the collection, analysis, collation; strength of building structure, analysis, and corresponding countermeasures of reliability of the decision. These are the active control and intelligent. There is great significance to maintain the whole process of informatization of civil construction structure in the future. Sensor for example can use implanted with electronic computer implementation of building a full range
of real-time monitoring, timely grasp of the entire state of the building. China now is the basic construction climax, after 20~30 years, and now these buildings gradually into the maintenance period. If the construction process and make all the information ready to work in now, for future maintenance is also of great help. Information has become the basis of expert system technology. The program's problem solving ability not only depends on the formal system and the mode of reasoning, and it depends on the knowledge of. To make a program with intelligent, must provide a large number of relevant issues in the field of high quality information input to it.
Sustainable development and humanity. The two requirement is to adapt to the development of social economy, the requirements of social development resource utilization more reasonable, the improvement of social living standard but also improve the civil construction facilities humanized requirement. The civil engineering process is based on constant consumption of resources and energy, in the sustainable development becomes the social subject, civil engineering is also bound to face this problem. Resources and energy saving, including in the construction and use process, become a direction of civil engineering in the future, this requires a good design and effective management mechanism, in its whole life cycle, from planning, design construction of civil engineering, construction to use, after the completion of the maintenance demolition should as far as possible, the impact on the environment to a minimum, at the same time as large as possible social and economic effect of the play. This puts forward new requirements for civil engineering. Specific requirements, resource conservation, recycling of resources, pollution control and comprehensive quality. Our country is in the construction of the Qinghai-Tibet railway can reflect the characteristics of sustainable development, start to pay attention to the protection of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau vulnerable ecological environment from the design aspect, the design is a closed structure, prevent the pollution of solid wastes, but also strict control of noise pollution. The construction process is also pay attention to the impact on the surrounding environment. Telligent. There is great significance to maintain the whole process of informatization of civil construction structure in the future. Sensor for example can use implanted with electronic computer implementation of building a full range of real-time monitoring, timely grasp of the entire state of the building. China now is the basic construction climax, after 20~30 years.
Active control technology. So far, most of the civil engineering construction is considered as a static, passive objects. Effects of the surrounding environment, such as wind, temperature changes, unexpected events can only passive to rely on its own structure. It is the lack of flexibility and adaptability. Application of the civil construction facilities in a direction of development is one of the active control technology in building structures in the. The use of computer technology and fuzzy control technology, as well as some preset control
structure. The buildings can respond appropriately to various environmental factors.
To sum up, the civil engineering today's development is the result of human wisdom, civil engineering is to human beings. Adhere to the road of sustainable development, innovation efforts, civil engineering will move on to a new peak!
Bibliography：
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