【2019届高三英语二轮复习】完形填空 教案 (1)

教学过程
一、复习预习
教师以一篇完形填空真题着手，引导学生列出解答完形填空题目时所存在的问题和难点，并对问题和难点进行分类分析。

二、知识讲解
知识点1 完形填空题型特点
1、阅读文章短，设空多
为了测试学生的语言知识综合能力，控制试题短文长度及挖空密度是必要的。

一般来说，短文的长度在250-300个单词左右。

平均每两空间隔12个左右单词。

2、考查重语境，轻语法
从近10年的高考完形填空试题来看，完全考查语法知识的题几乎没有。

百分之九十五的题都是四个选项的语法功能和结构相同，只有通过文章情节即语境才能做出正确作答。

3、考查实词多，虚词少
实词是指那些能够独立承当句子成分的词，如名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词等；虚词则是指连词、介词、冠词等完形填空的选项设计百分之八十左右为实词。

知识点2 完形填空的解题步骤
做完形填空题时，切忌边看短文边选答案，因为这样易脱离上下文，把句子孤立起来，从而产生错误。

一般来说，解答完形填空题应遵循以下三个步骤：
略读→试填→复核
1. 略读—浏览全文，把握大意
考生在答题时，不要急于看选项、找答案。

首先应快速浏览全文、领会大意，概略地了解文章的体裁、背景、内容、结构、层次、情节、写作风格等等。

文章通常都有中心议题和中心内容。

通读全文，才能全局在胸、弄清文脉、理清思路，才能抓住文章主旨，获得整体印象，把握短文大意。

在阅读时要特别注意首句，并尽量记忆关键词、句，力求把文章内容串联起来。

２. 试填—细读全文，初选答案
完形填空是人为地切断短文的思路，再让考生依据自己对文章的理解恢复短文思路的题型。

考生在理解全文大意的基础上，结合所给的选项，遵循词不离句，句不离词的原则，联系上下文内容，根据语境、逻辑和搭配的需要，运用平时积累的语法和语言知识进行综合考虑，通过分析、比较和筛选，排除干扰项，初步选定答案。

考生在答题时，首先要注意将所选的答案填入空白处后，整个句子的语法结构（人称、时态、语态、语气、词性等）是否合理；其次，看语义是否通
顺，上下文是否连贯、呼应；再次，如果几个选项填入空白处后，结构和语义都没有问题，那么就要在逻辑上看填入哪个选项最为合理。

在做出选择的过程中，要瞻前顾后，通篇考虑，先易后难。

对比较明显的、直接的、自己最有把握的答案先进行确定。

对少数难题，可暂定答案，待复读全文后再分析推敲。

３. 复核—复读全文，核实答案
完成初选后，要把所选的答案带入原文，再把全文通读一遍，逐空认真复查。

完成后的文章应该意义完整、语法正确、语句通顺、用词恰当、逻辑严谨、结构完整、首尾呼应、符合习惯表达法。

如发现错误或有疑问的答案，应再次推敲、反复斟酌、做出修正。

知识点3 完形填空的解题步骤
１. 依据文章首句，预测主旨大意。

依据文章首句所给的线索，可以看出文章的体裁，预测主旨大意，了解作者的写作意图和思路。

只有掌握了主旨大意，理清了文章结构，了解了各部分之间的关系，才能加深对文章的整体理解。

换句话说，考生应对全文有一个清晰的概念，这样在略读时就更容易把握含空格的句子的真正含义，答题时就能做到有的放矢。

如：
The young woman entered the pool where an injured dolphin(海豚）was swimming. Despite her fear, she felt strong wearing her new leg.
解析：阅读文章首句，我们可以看出这是一篇记叙文，文章将讲述这位装上假肢的女孩与海豚的相关内容。

２. 联系上下文, 合理选择答案。

做完形填空绝不能离开上下文。

有些题如果仅从语法角度判断，可能有两三个答案。

但是，结合上下文，情况就不一样了。

上下文是形成语境的基础。

任何语言结构、语法关系、词语搭配都不能无视上下文之间的联系。

考生在做题时要学会瞻前顾后，要做到词不离句、句不离段、段不离文。

有时我们会发现，上文的答案在下文可以找到，而下文的答案在上文中也已有暗示。

如：In her second grade, Maja 31 her cousin, Jasmina. After Jasmina’s death, Maja swore she would honor the little girl by 32 with a dolphin, an animal that both girls adored.
31. A. lost B. visited C. rescued D. left
32. A. talking B. living C. swimming D. surfing
解析：31. A。

如果仅从本段第一句话来判断，四个选项在意思上都讲得通。

但依据后面的“After Jasmina’s death”可知，只有lost才符合语境。

32. C。

四个选项从语法上讲都对，但依据文章首句可推测Maja想通过和海豚一起“游泳”来纪念Jasmina。

３. 体会文章的色彩，注意语言的和谐。

作者赋予了完形填空文章一定的感情色彩。

首先要体会作者说话的语气和文章的感情色彩，这种语气和色彩是和谐一致的，而且是贯穿全文的。

做题时要充分体会上下文语言的和谐性，理解文章的深层含义。

如：
One day, Maja happened to see trainers fitting Winter with a high-tech tail. When they were done, Winter swam freely in the water. Maja was 46 .
46. A. inspired B. puzzled C. shocked D. amused
解析：A。

根据上下文可知，Maja一直没有忘记她的承诺，但由于腿的缘故一直没能去实现。

当她看到小海豚装上高科技尾巴后可以自由自在地游泳，当然是“大受鼓舞”了。

如果没有体会到这一点，就容易误选C项。

４. 把握文章脉络，进行推理判断。

在完形填空题中常常要对文章的情节、作者的态度等进行推理判断。

因此，首先要抓住文章的脉络，弄清文章的结构及上下文的逻辑关系。

只有这样，才能加深对文章深层意义的理解，从而更好地完成“完形”的任务，恢复文章的原貌。

如：
…she managed to gradu ate from a local high school. Then after receiving a degree from Saint Francis University, she got a job at an insurance firm and 42 started her own company.
42. A. gradually B. actually C. eventually D. naturally
解析：C。

仅就本句话来看选择A项似乎也有道理。

但根据故事情节的发展可知，Maja先是高中毕业，然后大学毕业，之后进了保险公司，最后成立了自己的公司。

这里强调的是结果而不是过程，故C为最佳答案。

知识点4 完形填空的易错点
完形填空的易错点主要包括：
1. 不能把握文章的主旨大意。

2. 孤立地就题答题，忽视语境关系。

3. 不能合理地运用背景知识和常识进行解题。

4. 不能把握句子间的逻辑关系。

5. 没有全局观，忽视语篇情感。

6. 忽视语篇中的语法现象。

7. 阅读速度慢，浪费太多时间。

三、例题精析
（17.11浙江）A young English teacher saved the lives of 30 students when he took__36__ of a bus after its driver suffered a serious heart attack. Guy Harvold, 24, had __37__ the students and three course leaders from Gatwick airport, and they were travelling to Bournemouth to __38__ their host families. They were going to __39__ a course at the ABC Language School in Bournemouth where Harvold works as a
__40__.
Harvold, who has not __41__ his driving test, said, "I realized the bus was out of control when I was __42__ the students." The bus ran into trees at the side of the road and he __43__the driver was slumped(倒伏) over the wheel. The driver didn't __44__. He was unconscious. The bus__45__ a lamp post and it broke the glass on the front door before Harvold __46__ to bring the bus to a stop. Police__47__ the young teacher's quick thinking. If he hadn't __48__ quickly, there could have been a
terrible__49__.
The bus driver never regained consciousness and died at Easy Surrey Hospital. He had worked regularly with the __50__ and was very well regarded by the teachers and students. Harvold said, "I was __51__ that no one else was hurt, but I hoped that the driver would __52__.
The head of the language school told the local newspaper that the school is going to send Harvold on a weekend __53__ to Dublin with a friend, thanking him for his
__54__. A local driving school has also offered him six __55__driving lessons.
36. A. control B. care C. advantage D. note
37. A. taken in B. picked up C. tracked down D. helped out
38. A. greet B. thank C. invite D. meet
39. A. present B. introduce C. take D. organize
40. A. drive B. doctor C. librarian D. teacher
41. A. given B. marked C. passed D. conducted
42. A. speaking to B. waiting for C. returning to D. looking for
43. A. learned B. noticed C. mentioned D. doubted
44. A. sleep B. cry C. move D. recover
45. A. ran over B. went by C. carried D. hit
46. A. remembered B. continued C. prepared D. managed
47. A. witnessed B. recorded C. praised D. understood
48. A. appeared B. reacted C. escaped D. interrupted
49. A. delay B. accident C. mistake D. experience
50. A. airport B. hospital C. school D. police
51. A. happy B. fortunate C. touched D. sorry
52. A. survive B. retire C. relax D. succeed
53. A. project B. trip C. dinner D. duty
54. A. bravery B. skill C. quality D. knowledge
55. A. necessary B. easy C. different D. free 【解析】主旨概要：Harvold是一家语言学校的英语老师，在乘坐巴士接学生去寄宿家庭的过程中，巴士司机心脏病发作失去意识，车辆失控，没有驾照的Harvold在危急时刻控制住了巴士，拯救了车上30名学生的生命，避免了更大的交通事故。

36. A
解析：词组辨析，根据原文为“在公交车司机驾驶途中心脏病发后，一名年轻的英语老师控制住了公交车拯救了车上30名学生的生命”可以锁定答案，take control 掌控take care 照顾take advantage 利用take note 记笔记
37. B
解析：词组辨析，根据from Gatwick airport 知道事件发生在接机途中，had过去完成时说明在返程途中，选中picked up 意为接载take in 吸收track down 追踪help out 救出
38. D
解析：动词辨析，阅读后文知道这批人是去语言学校学习的，下飞机后先去与寄宿家庭见面。

表示初次结识某人时动词用meet
39. C
解析：they指车上的学生，可推断出他们是去参加课程，take a course 表示参加课程
40. D
解析：根据第一段第一句“a young English teacher saved …”及下文信息可推测Harvold是一名英语老师
41. C
解析：动词辨析，本文最后一句驾校送给Harvold免费课程可知Harvold还未通过驾照考试。

42. A
解析：情景想象，推测意外发生时车上人的状态，根据前后文知道此时Harvold 和学生一同乘坐巴士去寄宿家庭，speaking to 符合语境
43. B
解析：动词辨析，巴士失控装向路边的树，Harvold 发现司机倒伏在方向盘上。

Notice和learn 都有发现的意思，Learn 译作“发现”时意为通过学习发现，不符题意
44. C
解析：表述的是Harvold看到的内容，下一句提到司机处于无意识状态，所以在Harvold看来司机一动不动
45. D
解析：动词辨析，联系前后文，前文提到bus撞到了树，后文说bus前门玻璃碎了，推测bus应该时撞什么东西上了
46. D
解析：第一段提到Harvold救了30个学生，可判断危急时刻Harvold控制住了bus，manage to do sth意为设法做成某事
47. C
解析：根据后文描述Harvold成功避免了一场交通事故，可知此处的警方表扬了Harvold
48. B
解析：bus失控，Harvold的快速反应拯救了一车学生，react 意为反应，符合语境
49. B
解析：如果没有Harvold的快速反应，可能会发生严重的交通事故，accident 意为意外，交通事故
50. C
解析：本空后提到学校的师生对司机的评价很好，可以推测司机是专职校车司机，在学校上班。

51. A
解析：学生们没有受伤，Harvold感到高兴
52. A
解析：上文提到司机最终在医院去世，由“but”转折知道Harvold对学生们安然无恙感到高兴，但他希望司机也能活下来。

Survive符合语境
53．B
解析：联系后文知道学校对Harvold的事迹进行奖励，trip符合语境
54. A
解析：名词辨析，根据全文整体叙述可知，Harvold在危急关头挺身而出，非常勇敢
55. D
解析：由“also”可知驾校也给予Harvold奖励。

Free符合语境。

四、课堂运用
（17江苏）For a long time Gabriel didn’t want t o be involved in music at all. In his first years of high school, Gabriel would look pityingly at music students, 36 across the campus with their heavy instrument cases. 37 at school for practice hours 38 anyone else had to be there. He swore to himself to 39 music, as he hated getting to school extra early.
__40___, one day, in the music class that was __41__of his school’s standard curriculum, he was playing idly （随意地）on the piano and found it ____42___to pick out tunes. With a sinking feeling, he realized that he actually __43__doing it. He tried to hide his __44__pleasure from the music teacher, who had __45__over to listen. He might not have done this particularly well, __46__the teacher told Gabriel that he had a good ___47__ and suggested that Gabriel go into the music store-room to see if any of the instruments there __48__ him. There he decided to give the cello （大提琴）a __49__. When he began practicing, he took it very __50__. But he quickly found that he loved playing this instrument, and was __51__to practicing it so that within a couple of months he was playing reasonably well.
This __52__, of course, that he arrived at school early in the morning, __53__ his heavy instrument case across the campus to the __54__ looks of the non-musicians he had left __55__.
36.A. travelling B. marching C. pacing D. struggling
37. A. rising up B. coming up C. driving up D. turning up
38. A. before B. after C. until D. since
39. A. betray B. accept C. avoid D. appreciate
40. A. Therefore B. However C. Thus D. Moreover
41. A. part B. nature C. basis D. spirit
42. A. complicated B. safe C. confusing D. easy
43. A. missed B. disliked C. enjoyed D. denied
44. A. transparent B. obvious C. false D. similar
45. A. run B. jogged C. jumped D. wandered
46. A. because B. but C. though D. so
47. A. ear B. taste C. heart D. voice
48. A. occurred to B. took to C. appealed to D. held to
49. A. change B. chance C. mission D. function
50. A. seriously B. proudly C. casually D. naturally
51. A. committed B. used C. limited D. admitted
52. A. proved B. showed C. stressed D. meant
53. A. pushing B. dragging C. lifting D. rushing
54. A. admiring B. pitying C. annoying D. teasing
55. A. over B. aside C. behind D. out
课程小结
本节课主要围绕高考热点难点之完形填空，完形填空题型特点、解题步骤、解题技巧进行讲解。

在学习了完形填空解题步骤、解题技巧后，关键是要多练习这样才能熟练运用解题技巧。

做题时需谨记以下6点：
1、平心静气，不躁不急，
2、浏览全文，把握大意，
3、注意搭配，识别短语，
4、运用语法，理顺关系，
5、推理判断，合乎逻辑，
6、培养语感，功在平时。

课后练习
While I was waiting to enter university, I saw in a newspaper a teaching job ___1___ at a school about ten miles from where I lived. Being very short of ___2___
and wanting to do something ___3___ I applied (申请), ___4___ as I did so, that without a degree and with no ___5___ of teaching my chances of getting the job were ___6___ .
However, three days later, a letter arrived, calling me to Croydon for a meeting with the headmaster. It proved to be a ___7___ journey: a train to Croydon station, a ten-minute bus ride and then a walk of at ___8___ a quarter of a mile. As a result, I arrived there, feeling too hot to be nervous. It was clearly the ___9___ himself that ___10___ the door. He was short and round.
"The school," he said, "is made up of one ___11___ of twenty-four boys between seven and thirteen." I should have to teach all the subjects except art, ___12___ he taught himself. I should have to divide the class into ___13___ groups and teach them in turn at three different ___14___ , and I was ___15___ at the thought of teaching maths—a subject at which I wasn’t very ___16___ at school. Worse perhaps w as the idea of ___17___ to teach them on Saturday afternoon because most of my friends would be ___18___ themselves at that time.
Before I had time to ask about my salary, he got up to his ___19___. "Now" he said, you’d better meet my wife. She is the one who really 20 this school.
1. A. kept B. lost C. wanted D. found
2. A. money B. time C. students D. clothes
3. A. harmful B. useful C. funny D. secret
4. A. expecting B. whispering C. fearing D. considering
5. A. material B. experience C. means D. books
6. A. nice B. great C. slight D. helpful
7. A. difficult B. pleasant C. comfortable D. short
8. A. most B. least C. last D. first
9. A. teacher B. door-keeper C. student D. headmaster
10. A. shut B. opened C. repaired D. kicked
11. A. group B. class C. dozen D. score
12. A. which B. that C. what D. this
13. A. one B. two C. three D. four
14. A. classes B. subjects C. levels D. places
15. A. excited B. angry C. glad D. disappointed
16. A. poor B. interested C. weak D. good
17. A. forcing B. having C. forgetting D. managing
18. A. watching B. studying C. enjoying D. helping
19.A. letter B. feet C. hands D. wife
20.A. runs B. starts C. observes D. likes
The battle was followed by a terrible storm. Therefore, it wasn’t until October 26 that Vice Admiral (海军中将) Collingwood was ___1___ to send off his report to Britain ___2___ the victory and Nelson’s death.
He chose ___3___ the task one of the smallest ships in his fleet. Pickle, ___4___ by Captain Lapenotiere. In spite of ___5___ winds and rough seas. Pickle made the ___6___ of more than 1,000 miles in just over eight days, ___7___ Falmouth on the morning of November 4.
From there. Captain Lapenotiere ___8___ a fast post chaise (轻便马车) to London, traveling ___9___ for 37 hours. He reached the Admiralty in Whitehall at 1 a.m. on Wednesday, November 6—less than 11 days after he had ___10___ Collingwood.
Most of the officials had gone to bed ___11___, but the secretary was still ___12___ in the famous Board Room. Lapenotiere hurried in and ___13___ the report with the simple words: “Sir, we have gained a great victory. But we have ___14___ Lord Nelson.”
Copies of the report were quickly made and ___15___ to the prime Minister and King George III. A special edition of a ___16___ was rushed out and delivered all over the country.
The atmosphere of public ___17___ for the victory was weakened by widespread sorrow the ___18___ of Nelson. As one poet later wrote; “The victory of Trafalgar
was ___19___ , indeed, with the usual forms of rejoicing (欢庆), ___20___ they were without joy.”
1. A. eager B. anxious C. able D. sure
2. A. announcing B. telling C. mentioning D. warning
3. A. with B. from C. for D. among
4. A. seated B. brought C. owned D. led
5. A. strong B. weak C. warm D. light
6. A. leaving for B. arriving at C. staying in D. sailing for
7. A. leaving for B. arriving at C. staying in D. sailing for
8. A. made B. took C. kept D. sat
9. A. freely B. aimlessly C. slowly D. continuously
10. A. seen B. found C. told D. left
11. A. long before B. long ago C. before long D. long after
12. A. on leave B. on business C. at work D. at sea
13. A. took over B. handed over C. gave out D. turned out
14. A. defeated B. beaten C. missed D. lost
15. A. sent B. carried C. suggested D. written
16. A. book B. newspaper C. weekly D. magazine
17. A. hope B. search C. desire D. happiness
18. A. return B. failure C. beats D. injury
19. A. congratulated B. celebrated C. gained D. reported
20. A. and B. so C. for D. but
I know I should have told the headmaster at the time. That was my real ___1___.
He had gone out of the study for some ___2___, leaving me alone. In his absence I looked to see ___3___ was on his desk. In the ___4___ was a small piece of paper on which were written the ___5___ “English Writing Prize 1949. History Is a Serious of Biographies (人物传记)”.
A(n) ___6___ boy would have avoided looking at the title as soon as he saw the
___7___. I did not. The subject of the English Writing Prize was kept a ___8___ until the start of the exam so I could not ___9___ reading it.
When the headmaster ___10___, I was looking out of the window.
I should have told him what had ___11___ then. It would have been so ___12___ to say: “I’m sorry, but I ___13___ the title for the English Writing Prize on your desk. You’ll have to ___14___ it.”
The chance passed and I did not ___15___ it. I sat the exam the next day and I won. I didn’t ___16___ to cheat, but it was still cheating anyhow.
That was thirty-eight years ___17___ when I was fifteen. I have never told anyone about it before, ___18___ have I tried to explain to myself why not.
The obvious explanation is that I could not admit I had seen the title ___19___ admitting that I had been looking at the things on his desk. ___20___ there must have been more behind it. Whatever it was, it has become a good example of how a little mistake can trap (使陷入) you in a more serious moral corner (道德困境).
1. A. plan B. fault C. grade D. luck
2. A. reason B. course C. example D. vacation
3. A. this B. which C. that D. what
4. A. drawer B. corner C. middle D. box
5. A. names B. words C. ideas D. messages
6. A. honest B. handsome C. friendly D. active
7. A. desk B. paper C. book D. drawer
8. A. question B. key C. note D. secret
9. A. help B. consider C. practise D. forget
10. A. disappeared B. stayed C. returned D. went
11. A. existed B. remained C. happened D. continued
12. A. tiring B. easy C. important D. difficult
13. A. saw B. gave C. set D. made
14. A. repeat B. defend C. correct D. change
15. A. take B. have C. lose D. find
16. A. remember B. learn C. mean D. pretend
17. A. past B. ago C. then D. before
18. A. either B. never C. nor D. so
19. A. by B. besides C. through D. without
20. A. But B. Though C. Otherwise D. Therefore 【答案】
1~5 CABCB 6~10 CABDB 11~15 BACCD 16~20 DBCBA
1~5 CACDA 6~10 CBBDD 11~15 ACBDA 16~20 BDCBD
1~5 BADCB 6~10 ABDAC 11~15 CBADA 16~20 CBCDA。