牛津英语7B Unit4 Finding your way 语法讲解与测试(含答案)

牛津英语7B Unit4 Finding your way 语法专项+练习
冠词
冠词是一种虚词，不能单独使用，只能放在名词前，帮助说明名词的含义。

a, an称为不定冠词;the为定冠词;另外有些特殊场合不用冠词，即通常所指的零冠词。

1.不定冠词
(1)不定冠词a和an表示“一个”，和可数名词单数连用。

a用于读音以辅音音素开头的名词前，an用于读音以元音音素开头的0不等同于数形式之前，表示人或事物的类别。

A plane is a machine that can fly.飞机是可以飞的机器。

(2)用于初次提到某人或某物，但不具体说明哪个人或哪个物。

A boy is waiting for you.- - 个男孩正在等你。

(3)用于表示数量“_ .”，意思和one差不多，但不如one强烈。

His uncle will be back in a week.他叔叔一周后回来。

(4)用于表示时间、速度等意义的名词前，相当于every或per,意为“每一” 。

We study eight hours a day.我们每天学习8个小时。

(5)用于“a+抽象名词”的结构中，这个抽象名词已经具体化了，表示一个什么样的人或事物。

This book is a great help to me.这本书对我帮助很大。

(6)表示“某一个”,译为汉语时仍为“一个”。

A Liu is looking for you outside.一个姓刘的人正在外面找你。

(7)用于序数词前，表示“再一”“又一”，相当于another。

Don't worry. You can try a second time.别着急，你可以再试一次。

(8 )当breakfast, lunch, dinner前面有形容词修饰时，其前可加a,表示“顿...的早饭、午饭或晚饭”。

He had a wonderful lunch at Alan's Restaurant.他在阿伦饭店吃了一顿很好的午饭。

(9)用于习惯用语或固定短语中。

A lot of许多have a good time过得愉快a couple of对in a hurry匆忙once upon a time从前a bit一点儿
2.定冠词
定冠词the与指示代词this,that同源，有“这(那)个”之意，但语气比this, that弱,表示某个或某些特定的人或物。

可用于下列场合:
(1)用于指某个或某些特定的人或物。

The woman in a green skirt is our English teacher.那位穿绿裙子的女士是我们的英语老师。

(2)用于表示上文已经提到的人或物。

There is a boy in the garden. The boy is ZhouHua's younger brother.花园里有一个男孩，那个男孩是周华的弟弟。

(3)用于指双方都知道的人或物。

Would you mind opening the door?你介意打开门吗?
(4)用于世界上独无二的事物前。

The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.太阳东升西落。

(5)用于序数词之前。

I think the first lesson is very difficult.我认为第一课很难。

(6)用于形容词或副词的最高级前,但副词最高级前可省略。

在含有比较级的句子中，表示两者中“...的个” 时，需要加定冠词the。

Tom is the tallest in his class.汤姆在他班里个子最高。

(6)用在复数姓氏前面表示一家人或夫妇二人。

The Greens are shopping.格林夫妇正在购物。

(8)与某些形容词连用,表示一类人。

We should often help the old with their house-work.我们应该经常帮助老人做家务。

(9)用于单数可数名词前，表示一类人或物。

The horse is a useful animal.马是有用的动物。

(10)用于play，之后，乐器名词的前面。

Can 'ou play the piano?你会弹钢琴吗?
11用于由普通名词构成的专有名词前。

The Changiang River is the longest river inChina.长江是中国最长的河流。

.
(12 )用于方位名词前。

China is in the east of the world.中国在世界的东方。

(13)用于店铺名词前。

at the tailor's在裁缝店
at the baker's在面包房
(14)用于江河、海洋、湖泊、山脉、群岛等地理事物的名称前。

the Yellow River黄河
the Pacific (Ocean)太平洋
(15)用于固定短语中。

①用在某些表示时间的短语或习惯用语中。

in the morning在上午in the evening在晚上
②用在固定结构“动词+人+介词+the +身体部位”中。

take him by the am抓住他的胳膊take her by the hand抓住地的手
助记
定冠词顺口溜定冠词，表特指，独一无二弹乐哭,合成专名复姓氏。

3.零冠词
特殊场合下不用冠词即称为零冠词。

下面是零冠词的具体用法:
(1)名词前已经有作定语用的物主代词指示代词、不定代词或所有格修饰时。

This schoolbag is mine.这个书包是我的。

(2)名词复数表示某类人或事物时。

These are horses.这些是马。

(3)在球类、棋类、语言、学科和三餐的名词前。

Some students are playing basketball; some are reading English.
一些学生在打篮球,一些在读英语。

(4)在表示洲名.国名、人名的名词前。

Asia is the largest continent in the world.亚洲是世界上最大的洲。

(5)当不可数名词表示一-般概念或类别时。

Paper is made from wood.纸是由木头制成的。

(6).在节日星期、季节、月份等名词前。

Children s Day is on June Ist.儿童节在6月1日。

(7)在由一个人充当的称呼、头衔前，表示自已家庭成员的名词或称谓前。

Aunt Li is a worker.李阿姨是个工人。

(8)在部分市政设施(包括街道、公园、学校、车站等)名词前。

When are you going to Central Park?你什么时候去中央公园?
(8)-些抽象的不可数名词前。

Time waits for no man.时光不等人。

(10)在“by+交通工具”结构中，by与交通工具之间。

Does your aunt like going to work by bus?你姑姑喜欢乘公共汽车去上班吗?
(11)在一些习惯用语中。

day by day一天又一天face to face面对面
day and night日日夜夜right and wrong是非back to back背靠背
助记
零冠词顺口溜
抽象复名不用冠，季月日星节名前;
语言学科与球类，无冠才能吃三餐;
人名呼语衔职务，交通工具与by连。

专项练习
I.冠词填空：在下列句中空白处填入适当冠词，不需用冠词处划/。

1．There is _______ picture of _______ elephant on _______ wall．
2．This is _______ useful book．I've read it for _______ hour．
3．_______ elephant is much heavier than _______ horse．
4．_______ doctor told him to take _______ medicine three times _______ day．
5．Let's go out for _______ walk．
6．It's too hot．Open _______ door，please．
7．There is _______ woman over there．_______ woman is Meimei's mother．
8．_______ sun rises in _______ east．
9．_______ Changjiang River is _______ longest river in _______ China．
10．Are you going to do it _______ second time？
11．Washington is _______ capital of _______ USA．
12．_______ Turners are living at the end of _______ Turner Street．
13．He joined the army in _______ spring of _______ 1995．
14．_______ old man is _______ teacher．He likes playing _______ basketball after _______ supper．
15．After I had _______ quick breakfast，I hurried to school．
16．Are _______ sheep kept by _______ farmers for producing _______ wool and _______ meat？
17．They went to _______ People's Park，but we both went to _______ People's Cinema yesterday．
18．I often watch _______ TV in _______ evening．
19．_______ day of _______ December 20，1999 is Monday．
20．Tomorrow is _______ Christmas Day and my father and I went to choose _______ Christmas tree today．
答案：
1. a; an; the
2. a; an
3. An; a
4. The; the; a
5. a
6. the
7. a; The
8. The; the
9. The; the; / 10. a
11. the; the 12. The; / 13. the; / 14. The; a; /; / 15. a
16. /; /; /; / 17. the; the 18. /; the 19. The; / 20. /; a
II.选择题
1．—Does Jim have _______ ruler？
—Yes，he has _______ ．
A．an；some B．a；one C．a；／ D．any；one
2．There is _______ old bike．_______ old bike is Mr Zhao's．
A．an ；The B．the；An C．a；The D．the；The
3．_______ apple a day keeps the doctors aw ay．
A．The B．A C．An D．Two
4．—How many books do you have？
—I have _______ book．That's _______ English book．
A．a；an B．a；one C．one；an D．one；one
5．At that time Tom was _______ one-year-old baby．
A．a B．an C．the D．／
6．_______ tiger is _______ China．
A．The；a B．A；the C．The；from D．The；the
7．We can't see _______ sun at _______ night．
A．the；the B．the；／ C．a；／ D．／；／
8．_______ useful book it is！
A．What an B．How a C．What a D．What
9．One afternoon he found _______ handbag．There was _______ “s”on the corner of _______ handbag．
A．a；an；the B．a；a；the C．an；an；an D．the；a；a
10．_______ old lady with white hair spoke _______ English well at _______ meeting．
A．An；an；a B．The；／；an C．The；／；a D．The；／；the
11．_______ Great Wall is _______ longest wall in the world．
A．A；a B．The；the C．A；the D．The；a
12．_______ new bridge has been built over Huangpu River．
A．The；a B．A；／C．A；the D．An；the
13．_______ woman over there is _______ popular teacher in our school．
A．A；an B．The；a C．The；the D．A；the
14．He used to be _______ teacher but later he turned _______ writer．
A．a；a B．a；the C．／；a D．a；／
15．They made him _______ king．
A．a B．the C．an D．／
16．His father is _______ English teacher．He works in our school．
A．a B．an C．the D．／
17．Is he _______ American boy ？
A．an B．a C．one D．／
18．Does Tom often play _______ football after _______ school？
A．／；／ B．／；the C．the；／ D．a；／
19．They passed our school _______ day before yesterday．
A．an B．one C．a D．the
20．Australia is _______ English-speaking country．
A．a B．an C．the D．／
21．She has _______ orange skirt．_______ skirt is nice．
A．a；The B．an；The C．an；A D．the；The
22．This is _______ apple．It's _______ big apple．
A．an；a B．a；the C．a；an D．an；the
23．Look at _______ horse over there．
A．a B．an C．the D．／
24．Don't play _______ basketball here．It's dangerous．
A．a B．an C．／D．the
25．There is _______ old woman in the car．
A．／ B．the C．a D．an
26．Beijing is _______ beautiful city．It's _______ capital of China．
A．a；a B．the；the C．／；the D．a；the
27．Shanghai is in _______ east of China．
A．／ B．an C．a D．the
28．I've been a student there for nearly two and _______ half years．
A．a B．an C．the D．／
29．Bill is _______ English teacher．He likes playing _______ football．
A．a；the B．an；the C．a；／D．an；／
30．The museum is quite far．It will take you half _______ hour to get there by _______ bus． A．an；／ B．an；a C．a；／D．／；／
答案：
BACCA CBCAD BCBDD BAADB BACCD DDADA
方位介词复习
第一组：over, above和on的用法
1) over指在…的正上方，表示垂直在上。

如: There is a lamp over the desk.
2) above指在上方，属于斜上方。

如：Raise your arms above your head.
3) on指在上面，表示两物体接触。

如：There is a cup on the table.
第二组：under / below的用法：
1) under在……下面/正下方：What's under your desk?
2) below 在……斜下方：Her skirt came below her knees.
练习：
( )1.The boat is passing___ the bridge.
A. through
B. below
C. under
D. across
( )2.Two planes are flying___ the city.
A. through
B. over ,
C. on , D, below
( )3.We can see a river running to the east____ the hill.
A. under
B. below
C. over
D. on
( )4.Do you see the kite ___ the building?
A. over
B. cross
C. on
D. above
答案：
CBBD
第三组：in 和on表示“在……上”
1) 门一类——镶嵌在墙里的，用in; 字画一类——挂在墙面上的，用on ( ) 1 He put up a map ___ the back wall because there was a hole ___ it.
A. on; on
B. at; in
C. on; in
D. on; at
( ) 2 There is a door___ the wall.
A. on
B. to
C. of
D.in
( ) 3 Any man ___ eyes______ his head can see that he's exactly like a rope.
A. with; on
B. with; in
C. on; with
D. in; with
答案：
CDA
2) 鸟一类落在树上的，用in; 苹果一类长在树上的，用on
( ) 1 There are some birds singing___ the trees.
A. in
B. on
C. at
D. from
( ) 2 There are so many apples___ that tree.
A. in B, on C. at D. From
答案：
AB
第四组：in /on/ to表示“接壤”
B A B A B A
B 在A里—用in A和B相邻（接壤）—用on A和B不相邻（不接壤）—用to
( ) 1 The United States is ____ the south of Canada and ___ the east of Japan.
A. to; in
B. on; to
C. in; beside
D. at; on
( ) 2 The man stood____the window, watching the boys playing outside.
A. in
B. by
C. with
D. to
( ) 3 Japan lies____ the east of China.
A. on
B. to
C. in
D. with
答案：
BBB
第五组：at, in表示“在……”
1) at表示较小的地点。

如：at the bus stop, at home
2) in表示较大的地点。

如：in China, in the world
( ) 1 Uncle Wang arrived____ No. 14 Middle School half an hour ago.
A.at
B. in C to D. /
( ) 2 My uncle lives ____ 88 Beijing Street.
A. to
B. of
C. at
D. on
( ) 3 They are waiting ___ a bus ___ the bus stop.
A. for; in
B. on; at
C. with; at
D. for; at
答案：
ACD
第六组：in front of 和in the front of
1) in front of表示“在…之前”（范围外）。

There are some trees in front of the classroom.
2) in the front of 表示“在…的前部”（范围内）
There is a blackboard in the front of the classroom.
第七组：in / into
in表示“在……里面”，强调静态；
into表示“去……里面”，强调动态。

第八组：through / across通过，穿过
across表示横过,即从物体表面通过，与on有关，为二维
through穿过,即从物体内部穿过，与in有关，为三维。

( )1 Is the street too narrow for the bus to go ___?
A. through
B. across
C. on
D. in ( )2A mother camel was walking ___ her son ___ the desert.
A. without; along
B. with; through
C. next to; pass
D. beside; through ( )3The river runs____ the city.
A. across
B. through
C. over
D. from ( )4It took us over an hour to walk____ this street.
A. from
B. through
C. over
D. across
答案：
ABBB
练习
1 Tom sits____the classroom while John sits____the room.
A. in front of; at back of
B. in the front of; at t he back of
C. in front of; at the back of
D. in the front of; at back of
2 Lucy sits____ the third row, ____Jim‘s left.
A. on; on
B. in; at
C. at; in
D. in; on
3 Jiangsu is___ the east of China, but Japan is ___ the east of China.
A. to; in
B. in; to .
C. on; to
D. to; on
4 Don‘t read ____ the sun. It‘s bad ___ your eyes.
A. in; to
B. under; for
C. with; to
D. in; on
5 The woman____ a blue dress is my teacher.
A. in
B. on
C. of
D. at
6 ___ research ___ the universe scientists have put a lot of information ___ computers.
A. With; over; at
B. On; at; to
C. In; about; into
D. For; with; through
7 When a piece of ice is taken ____ a warm room, it gets smaller and smaller until ___ the end it disappears completely.
A. in; in
B. out of; at
C. into; in
D. to; by
8 A woman fell ___ the boat ___ the water.
A. off; into
B. at; below
C. down; under
D. away; in
9. Hong Kong is ______ the south of China, and Macao is ______ the west of Hong Kong.
A. in; to
B. to; to
C. to; in
D. in; in
10. Japan lies ______ the east of China.
A. to
B. in
C. about
D. at
11. Look ＿＿＿the map ＿＿＿China ＿＿＿the wall, please.
A after, of, in
B at, of, in
C after, in, on
D at, of, on
12. He arrived _____ Guangzhou ____ noon.
A. in; in
B. to; at
C. in; at
D. at; in
13. They work _____ a small farm _____ a river.
A. on; by
B. at; on
C. by; on
D. in; in
14. --When will Mr Black come to Beijing? -- ____ September 5th.
A. On
B. To
C. At
D. In
15. ____ the night before Christmas Day, parents fill their children’s stockings with small presents.
A. Of
B. At
C. To
D. On
答案：
BDBBA CCAAA DCAAD。