with复合结构用法归纳

with 复合结构用法归纳
with的复合结构是高中阶段英语语法的一个难点，也是高考英语试题的一个考察热点。

下面就其用法进行归纳，以期对高中学生的英语学习有所帮助。

with的复合结构是一种较为特殊的书面表达形式。

它是一个介词短语，而不是一个句子。

with后的宾语相当于该结构的主语，而宾语补足语相当于该结构的逻辑谓语。

由于这种结构形式多样，作用复杂，较难把握。

因此在学习中一定要注意区分，仔细领悟。

一、with复合结构的构成：with+宾语（名词/代词）+介词短语/形容词/副词/现在分词/过去分词/动词不定式/名词。

1．w ith+宾语+介词短语（介词短语表示宾语所处的状态）
（1）She left the office with tears in her eyes.
（2）The teacher came in with a book in his hand.
2．with+宾语+形容词（形容词表示宾语的特性和状态）
（1）He used to sleep with the window open.
（2）When he is eating, he doesn’t speak with his month full of food.
3．with+宾语+副词（副词表示宾语所处的状态）
（1）With John away, we’ve got more room.
（2）Our city looks more beautiful than ever with all the lights on.
4．with+宾语+现在分词（现在分词表示宾语正在进行的动作或主动的动作）（1）He lay there with his eyes looking at the sky.
（2）She fell asleep with the light burning.
5．with+宾语+过去分词（过去分词和宾语构成动宾关系，且宾语是动作的承受者）
（1）The thief was brought in with his hands tied back.
（2）All the afternoon he worked with the door locked.
6. with+宾语+动词不定式（动词不定式表示主动或将来的动作）
（1）I can’t go out with all these dishes to wash.
（2）With all these mouths to feed, he did’t know what to do.
7.with+宾语+名词（名词表示宾语是什么）
（1）He dug a deep hole with a spade his tool.
（2）Lu Xun fought against the enemy with a pen his only weapon.
二、with复合结构的用法：
with复合结构主要用了来说明附带情况或具体细节，在句中用作状语，表示条件、原因、时间、方式或伴随情况等，可以和相应的状语从句转换。

有时也可以用做定语，相当于一个定语从句，修饰前面的名词。

1.表示原因（相当于一个原因状语从句）。

（1）With the teacher ill, we have to study by ourselves.
=Because the teacher is ill, we have to study by ourselves.
（2）With the last bus having gone, we had to walk home.
=As the last bus had gone, we had to walk home.
2. 表示条件（相当于一个条件状语从句）。

（1）With you to help us, we will be able to finish the task in time.
=If you help us, we will be able to finish the task in time.
（2）With his classmates helping him, he will make rapid progress.
=If his classmates help him, he will make rapid progress.
3.表示时间（相当于一个时间状语从句）。

（1）With the work done, we went home.
=After the work was done, we went home.
（2）With the meal over, we began to work again.
=When the meal was over, we began to work again.
4.表示伴随或方式（相当于一个并列句）。

（1）The boy was lying on the grass, with his eyes looking into the blue sky.（伴随）=The boy was lying on the grass and his eyes were looking into the blue sky.
（2）He was asleep with his head on his arms.（方式）
=He was asleep and his head was on his arms.
5.用做定语（相当于一个定语从句）。

（1）There are rows of white houses with trees in front of them.
There are rows of white houses in front of which there are trees.
（2）I like stamps with a bird design on them.
=I like stamps on which there is s bird design.
注意: 在上述with复合结构的例句中，with大都无意义，译成汉语时往往会省略。

但是如果是without复合结构就要译出来，因为without具有否定意义。

如：（1）Without anything left in the cupboard, she went out to get something to eat. 食橱里没有东西，她便出去买了点吃的。

（2）We human beings could not survive without all the plants and animals around us. 没有周围的动物和植物，我们人类就无法生存。