2021高考英语复习冲刺非谓语动词真题解析

2021高考英语复习冲刺非谓语动词真题解析
一、非谓语动词作状语
（一）分词作状语
[知识要点]
1．分词作状语，可表示原因、时间、条件、结果、伴随情况和方式等等。

2．现在分词与过去分词的区别：一定要结合分词的逻辑主语（一般是句子的主语）去理解它们的区别和判断用现在分词还是用过去分词。

若分词与其逻辑主语存在逻辑上的主谓关系，就用现在分词；若存在被动关系，则用过去分词。

3．分词作状语一般要和它的逻辑主语保持一致，但是有一些固定的分词短语却可以不和其逻辑主语保持一致。

例如，generally speaking, c onsidering…, given…, judging from…等等。

4．现在分词有一般式和完成式之分，注意其区别。

一般式表示和谓语动词的动作同时发生，完成式和完成时态的含义相似，表示动作先于谓语动词发生。

[试题赏析]
1.The manager, _______ it clear to us that he didn’t agree with us, left the
meeting room.
A. who has made
B. having made
C. made
D. making
2. The storm left, _______ a lot of damage to this area.
A. caused
B. to have caused
C. to cause
D. having caused
3. _______ from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world.
A. Being separated
B. Having separated
C. Having been separated
D. To be separated
析：这几题都是考查现在分词的完成式作状语。

例1选B。

此题干扰性比较大的选项是A，误选A的考生没有从时态上去认真分析。

若要使选项A正确，应该改为who had made。

现在分词的完成式此处作时间状语，相当于after he had made it clear to us…，而不能把它理解为定语，因为现在分词的完成式一般不可作定语，但是可以改为定语从句who had made it clear…。

例2选D。

现在分词的完成式表示时间，相当于after it had done a lot of damage to this area。

例3选C。

可根据时间状语for millions of years去分析。

此处分词短语可改为As it has separated from other continents for millions of year。

4.“You can’t catch me!” Janet shouted, _______ away.
A. run
B. running
C. to run
D. ran
5. Oil prices have risen by 32% since the start of this year, _______ a record US$57.65 a barrel on April 4.
A. have reached
B. reaching
C. to reach
D. to be reaching
6. Daddy didn’t mind what we were doing, as long as we were together, _______ fun.
A. had
B. have
C. to have
D. having
7. More and more people are signing for Yoga classes nowadays, _______ advantage of health and relaxation benefits.
A. taking
B. taken
C. having taken
D. having been taken 析：这几题均考查现在短语的一般式作状语。

例4选B。

running away作伴随状语，原
句可改为：…Janet shouted and ran away. 例5选B。

现在分词表示结果。

例6选D。

现在分词表示伴随情况。

例7选A。

8. While watching television, _______.
A. the doorbell rang
B. the doorbell rings
C. we heard the doorbell ring
D. we heard doorbell rings
析：此题选C。

watching television的逻辑主语是we。

9. _______ in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor.
A. Dressed
B. To dress
C. Dressing
D. Having dressed
10. ________ in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police.
A. Having lost
B. Lost
C. Being lost
D. Losing
11. _______ in use in April 2002, the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns.
A. Put
B. Putting
C. Having put
D. Being put
析：这3题都是考查过去分词作状语。

例9选A。

Dressed in a white uniform = When he is dressed in a white uniform。

例10选B。

Lost in the mountains for a week = After they had been lost in the mountains for a week。

例11选A。

Put in use in April 2002 = When it was put in use in April 2002。

（二）不定式作状语
[知识要点]
1．不定式可作目的状语，通常在其前面加上短语in order to / so as to，其否定形式不可
在to前面直接加上not，而应该用so as not to /in order not to来表示。

例如：
I got up early in order not to miss the early bus the other day.
2．不定式可作结果状语。

注意其和现在分词作结果状语的区别：不定式表示出人意料的、偶然的结果，而现在分词表示符合逻辑的、必然发生的结果。

例如：
It has been raining non stop for one week so far, completely ruining my holiday. She hurried to the airport, only to find that the plane had taken off.
[试题赏析]
12. – Can the project be finished as planned.
-- Sure, _______ it completed in time, we’ll wo rk two more hours a day.
A. having got
B. to get
C. getting
D. get
13. It was unbelievable that fans waited outside the gym for three hours just ________ look at the sports stars.
A. had
B. having
C. to have
D. have
14. All these gifts must be mailed immediately _______ in time for Christmas.
A. in order to have received
B. in order to receive
C. so as to be received
D. so as to be receiving
析：这几题都考查不定式作目的状语。

例12选B。

例13选。

例14选C。

礼物是被收到，因此不定式要用被动式。

二、非谓语动词作主语、宾语
[知识要点]
1．不定式与-ing form均可作主语，有时可通用。

谈论一般性的活动时往往用-ing form，谈论一个特定的动作，多用不定式。

例如：
To see is to believe. (= Seeing is believing.)
It was difficult to sell my old car.
Selling insurance（保险）is a boring job.
2．接不定式作宾语的常见动词有：agree, afford, appear, ask, begin, choose, decide, fail, happen, hope, learn, like, love, prefer, seem, refuse, try, want, wish等。

接-ing form作宾语的常见动词有：appreciate, avoid, consider, dislike, enjoy, escape, face, feel like, finish, give u p, can’t help imagine, mind, miss, practise, put off, risk, suggest, understand等。

3．有些动词之后既可接不定式也可接-ing form，但是含义不同。

接不定式表示动作发生在谓语动词之后，而接-ing form表示动作发生在谓语动词之前。

此类动词有：remember, forget, stop, go on, regret等。

4．还有一些动词接不定式与-ing form作宾语，含义无甚区别。

这类动词有：love, like, hate, prefer等。

[试题赏析]
15. He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldn’t risk _______ the good opportunity.
A. to lose
B. losing
C. to be lost
D. being lost
16. It’s necessary to be prepared for a job interview. _______ the answers ready will be of great help.
A. To have had
B. Having had
C. Have
D. Having
17. When asked by the police, he said that he remembered _______ at party, but not _______.
A. to arrive; leaving
B. to arrive; to leave
C. arriving; leaving
D. arriving;
to leave
析：例15选C。

risk后面接-ing form。

例16选D。

Having the answers ready充当主
语，选项A不可用不定式的完成式。

例17选C。

remember doing sth.表示记得过去做过
某事，remember to do sth.表示记得要去做某事。

三、连词之后加分词
[知识要点]
分词短语常常可以用在一些介词或连词如after, before, since, when, while, whenever, once, until, on之后，例如：
After talking to you I always feel better. 跟您谈谈之后，我总是觉得好一些。

When telephoning London numbers from abroad, dial 1, not 01. 从外国往伦敦打电话，要拨1，不要拨01。

Once deprived of oxygen, the brain dies. 一旦缺氧，脑子就死了。

Leave in oven until cooked to light brown color. 放在烤炉里烤成焦黄色为止。

[试题赏析]
18. When _______ help, one often says “Thank you.” Or “It’s kind of you.”
A. offering
B. to offer
C. to be offered
D. offered
析：此题选D。

when后面直接接过去分词，相当于一个省略了的状语从句：When one is offered help。

四、非谓语动词作补语
[知识要点]
1．分词作宾补，其前面的宾语就是分词的逻辑主语，现在分词表示主动的、正在进行的动作，过去
分词表示被动的、完成的动作。

具有这种用法的谓语动词多为表示感觉的动词如：find, see, hear, smell, watch, notice, look at, listen to等。

另外，有些使役动词如：have, set, get, catch, keep, leave, send等亦可如此使用。

例如：
I saw him hitting the dog with a stick.
I saw the net hauled in. 我看见网拉上来了。

I saw the net being hauled in. 我看见网正在拉上来。

I’ll have my car repaired tomorrow.
2．不定式作宾补
1）可接动词原形作宾补的动词有：feel, see, hear, watch, notice, make, let, have, help
等。

但是在被动语态中，省去的to要补起来。

2）可接带to的不定式作宾补的动词有：advise, allow, ask, force, get, hate, order, want, order, wish等。

3）有些动词如say, consider, think, suppose, believe, report等用在被动语态中，后面
可接动词不定式。

[试题赏析]
19. – Is Bob still performing?
-- I’m afraid not. He is said ________ the stage already as he has become an official.
A. to have left
B. to leave
C. to have been left
D. to be left
析：此题选A。

不定式作主语补足语。

原句可改为：…It is said that he has left the stage already as he has become an official.
五、含非谓语动词的独立结构
[知识要点]
1．分词有其独立的逻辑主语，这种主语常常是名词或代词主格，置于现在分词之前，二者构成一种分词独立结构。

例如：
Weather permitting, we will go camping tomorrow. [表条件]
The river having risen in the night, the crossing was impossible. [表原因]
All the things bought, she went back home. [表时间]
She gazed, her hands clasped to her breast. [表伴随情况]
2．当分词短语表示伴随情况的时候，其主语常常用with来引导，构成“with + 复合宾语”的结构。

例如：
A car roared past with smoke pouring from the exhaust.
一辆小汽车呼地开了过去，排气管冒出一团团黑烟。

3．独立主格结构有时由独立主格+动词不定式构成。

不定式可表示将要发生的动作。

请比
较：
All these gifts to buy, Tom hurried to the shopping center.
All these gifts bought, Tom left the shopping center immediately.
[试题赏析]
20. I send you l00 dollars today, the rest _______ in a year.
A. follows
B. followed
C. to follow
D. being followed
析：此题选C。

独立结构作状语，不定式表示将要发生的动作。

原句可改为：I send you 100
dollars and the rest will follow in a year.
六、结合句型考查非谓语动词
[知识要点]
1．祈使句+从句。

主句为祈使句，从句一般是条件、时间状语从句。

从句用现在时，主句以动词原形开头，否定句用Don’t +动词原形。

Don’t bring her back unless she insists on coming back.
Call me up as soon as you arrive.
2．祈使句+ and/or + 主句。

这种句型中的祈使句相当于一个条件从句，用and连接，那么祈使句相当于一个肯定的条件从句，若用or连接，那么祈使句相当于一个否定的条件从句。

例如：
Hurry up or you’ll be late for the meeting. = If you don’t hurry up, you’ll be late for the meeting.
Work hard and your dream will come true. = If you work hard, your dream will come true.
3．非谓语动词不能充当谓语。

有时命题人结合这个知识点来考查考生分析句子结构的能力。

4．命题人利用一些含有非谓语动词的固定句型来考查非谓语动词。

1）Have some/no trouble/difficulty (in) doing sth. 做某事方面有/没有困难。

As everybody knew him, I had no difficulty finding his house.
2）It’s no good/use doing sth. 做某事没有用。

It’s no use crying over spilt milk.
3）There’s no point in doing sth. 做某事没有意义。

There is no point in arguing with him, f or he won’t change his mind.
[试题赏析]
21. – What should I do with this passage?
-- _______ the main idea of each paragraph.
A. finding out
B. Found out
C. Find out
D. To find out
22. At last, we found ourselves in a pleasant park with trees providing shade and _______ down to eat our picnic lunch.
A. sitting
B. having sat
C. to sit
D. sat
析：例21选C。

祈使句以动词原形开头。

例22选D。

sat down与前面的found构成并列的谓语动词。

【实战演练】
单项语法填空（用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空）
1.It takes single-use plastic bags hundreds of years _____________(take) .【2020北京卷】
2.A piece of stone_____________(find) on a Dutch beach suggests that our extinct human relatives, known as Neanderthals, were cleverer than previously thought.【2020北京卷】
3.Technological innovations, _____________(combine) with good marketing, will promote the sales of these products. 【2020江苏卷】
4.The speed of 6G will exceed 125 GB/s, _____________(account for) a new generation of virtual reality. 【2020江苏卷】
5.Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-4 _____________(find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin. 【2020全国卷I】
6.They make great gifts and you see them many times _____________(decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune. 【2020全国卷II】
7.They are easy _____________(care) for and make great presents.【2020全国卷II】
8.The next morning he hired a boat and set out _____________(find) the well-known painter. 【2020全国卷III】
9.And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds _____________(surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears. 【2020全国卷III】
10._____________(help) us prepare for the exam, the teacher suggested reading through our notes. 【2020天津卷】
11.The dancer’s incredible performance had the audience on its feet _____________(clap) for 10 minutes at the end of the show. 【2020天津卷】
12.Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology _____________(change) lives. 【2020浙江卷】
13.I didn’t mean _____________(eat) anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldn’t help trying it.
14._____________(travel) along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience.
15.Ordinary soap, _____________(use) correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively. 【参考答案】
1.to take
2. found
3. combined
4. accounting for
5. to find
6. decorated
7. to care
8. to find
9. surrounding 10. To help 11. clapping 12. to change 13. to eat 14. Traveling 15. Used
11。