基于STM32的PID闭环恒压控制系统设计
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关键词：STM32微处理器 ； PID调节；恒压供水；UCGUI窗口系统。
1
Abstract
In people’s daily life, we could see the station everywhere in whitch the fluid pressure constant control. For example, single family instability or low water pressure cause water equipment does not work in our lives. In industry, hydraulic system requires work to be done in accordance with precise control. However, due to the low level of technological development, in the constant voltage control, there are still problems such as technology backwardness and serious waste of energy. As for the personal home water pressure control, in order to ensure the normal use of water equipment in witch there are strict requirements of water pressure, in the current designs of pressurized equipment, many businesses simply added a pressure pump, power supply pumps start working, turn off the power system to stop working. Thus, it not only can not effectively ensure constant water pressure, and the system is still operating at water trough, wasting a lot of energy. In response to the call of the national energy conservation, improving the low level automation of l water supply industries, this papert designs the closed-loop control system based on constant pressure regulator PID.
本恒压控制系统主要是由STM32微处理器组成的主控单元、电机驱动系统、加压 系统、压力变送系统，人机交互系统等部分构成。压力变送系统实时检测水管管道压 力；STM32作为中央处理芯片，使用PID控制算法，根据水压预设值和水压变送系统测 量的实时水压数据进行算法处理，产生驱动PWM信号；电机驱动系统按照正比例关系， 输出相应的驱动电压；加压设备在驱动电机控制下，稳定供水系统的水压；系统的人 机交互系统主要采用2.8寸TFT320X240LCD液晶屏，使用CPU 的FSMC 功能提高刷新 速度，数据的更改和界面的显示使用了UCGUI图像显示系统，能够方便、直观、实时 地显示系统工作情况。
遇到需要对液体压力进行恒定控制的情况。 例如，生活中，单个家庭自来水水压不稳或过低导致用水设备无法正常工作；工业上， 液压系统的液压需要按照工作需要进行准确控制。然而，由于我国科技发展程度低， 在恒压控制方面还存在着技术落后、能源浪费严重的问题。就拿个人家庭自来水水压 的控制来说，为了保证对水压有严格要求的用水设备的正常使用，目前很多商家设计 的加压设备都是简单地增添一个加压水泵，接通电源加压水泵就开始工作，关断电源 系统就停止工作。这样，不仅不能有效地保证水压的恒定，而且在用水低谷时系统仍 额定功率工作，浪费大量能源。为了响应国家节能减排的号召，解决供水行业自动化 程度过低的问题，这里设计基于STM32的PID闭环恒压控制系统。
Key words: STM32 microprocessor; PID control; Constant pressure water supply; UCGUIsystem.
2
目录
1.绪论 ................................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 恒压控制系统的设计背景及意义 ...................................................................... 1 1.2 恒压控制系统的现状和发展前景 ...................................................................... 1 1.3 本文研究的主要内容 .......................................................................................... 2
2.恒压控制系统方案设计 ................................................................................................. 4 2.1 恒压方案设计 ...................................................................................................... 4 2.1.1 恒功率稳压控制方案 ............................................................................... 4 2.1.2 设定上下限稳压控制方式 ....................................................................... 4 2.1.3 PID闭环调节稳压方式 ............................................................................ 5 2.2 恒压系统调速方案设计 ...................................................................................... 5 2.2.1 交流调速方式恒压控制方案 ................................................................... 5 2.2.2 直流调速方式恒压控制方案 ................................................................... 9 2.3 恒压控制系统要完成的主要功能 .................................................................... 11 2.4 恒压控制系统方案及选择 ................................................................................ 11 2.5 恒压控制系统的构成 ........................................................................................ 12 2.5.1 主控单元 ................................................................................................. 13 2.5.2 压力变送系统 ......................................................................................... 13 2.5.3 加压系统 ................................................................................................. 15 2.5.4 人机界面 ................................................................................................. 16 2.5.5 上位机 ..................................................................................................... 16 2.2.6 报警装置 ................................................................................................. 16
The constant pressure control system is mainly composed of the STM32, motor drive systems, pressure systems, pressure transmitter systems, interactive systems. Pressure transmission pipeline system detects the water pressure in real-time; STM32 works as a central processing chip, it uses PID control algorithm, the algorithm generates a driving PWM signal based on the real-time pressure data processing presets and hydraulic pressure transmission system measurement; Motor drives the system according to the proportional relationship between the output voltage corresponding to the drive; Pressure equipments stable pressure water supply systems in the control of driving motors. The system’s interactive system uses TFT320X240LCD 2.8 inch LCD screen, it uses the CPU’s FSMC feature to improve the refresh rate, changing the parameters displaying and interface use the UCGUI , display system work easily, intuitivelyand in real-time.
1
Abstract
In people’s daily life, we could see the station everywhere in whitch the fluid pressure constant control. For example, single family instability or low water pressure cause water equipment does not work in our lives. In industry, hydraulic system requires work to be done in accordance with precise control. However, due to the low level of technological development, in the constant voltage control, there are still problems such as technology backwardness and serious waste of energy. As for the personal home water pressure control, in order to ensure the normal use of water equipment in witch there are strict requirements of water pressure, in the current designs of pressurized equipment, many businesses simply added a pressure pump, power supply pumps start working, turn off the power system to stop working. Thus, it not only can not effectively ensure constant water pressure, and the system is still operating at water trough, wasting a lot of energy. In response to the call of the national energy conservation, improving the low level automation of l water supply industries, this papert designs the closed-loop control system based on constant pressure regulator PID.
本恒压控制系统主要是由STM32微处理器组成的主控单元、电机驱动系统、加压 系统、压力变送系统，人机交互系统等部分构成。压力变送系统实时检测水管管道压 力；STM32作为中央处理芯片，使用PID控制算法，根据水压预设值和水压变送系统测 量的实时水压数据进行算法处理，产生驱动PWM信号；电机驱动系统按照正比例关系， 输出相应的驱动电压；加压设备在驱动电机控制下，稳定供水系统的水压；系统的人 机交互系统主要采用2.8寸TFT320X240LCD液晶屏，使用CPU 的FSMC 功能提高刷新 速度，数据的更改和界面的显示使用了UCGUI图像显示系统，能够方便、直观、实时 地显示系统工作情况。
遇到需要对液体压力进行恒定控制的情况。 例如，生活中，单个家庭自来水水压不稳或过低导致用水设备无法正常工作；工业上， 液压系统的液压需要按照工作需要进行准确控制。然而，由于我国科技发展程度低， 在恒压控制方面还存在着技术落后、能源浪费严重的问题。就拿个人家庭自来水水压 的控制来说，为了保证对水压有严格要求的用水设备的正常使用，目前很多商家设计 的加压设备都是简单地增添一个加压水泵，接通电源加压水泵就开始工作，关断电源 系统就停止工作。这样，不仅不能有效地保证水压的恒定，而且在用水低谷时系统仍 额定功率工作，浪费大量能源。为了响应国家节能减排的号召，解决供水行业自动化 程度过低的问题，这里设计基于STM32的PID闭环恒压控制系统。
Key words: STM32 microprocessor; PID control; Constant pressure water supply; UCGUIsystem.
2
目录
1.绪论 ................................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 恒压控制系统的设计背景及意义 ...................................................................... 1 1.2 恒压控制系统的现状和发展前景 ...................................................................... 1 1.3 本文研究的主要内容 .......................................................................................... 2
2.恒压控制系统方案设计 ................................................................................................. 4 2.1 恒压方案设计 ...................................................................................................... 4 2.1.1 恒功率稳压控制方案 ............................................................................... 4 2.1.2 设定上下限稳压控制方式 ....................................................................... 4 2.1.3 PID闭环调节稳压方式 ............................................................................ 5 2.2 恒压系统调速方案设计 ...................................................................................... 5 2.2.1 交流调速方式恒压控制方案 ................................................................... 5 2.2.2 直流调速方式恒压控制方案 ................................................................... 9 2.3 恒压控制系统要完成的主要功能 .................................................................... 11 2.4 恒压控制系统方案及选择 ................................................................................ 11 2.5 恒压控制系统的构成 ........................................................................................ 12 2.5.1 主控单元 ................................................................................................. 13 2.5.2 压力变送系统 ......................................................................................... 13 2.5.3 加压系统 ................................................................................................. 15 2.5.4 人机界面 ................................................................................................. 16 2.5.5 上位机 ..................................................................................................... 16 2.2.6 报警装置 ................................................................................................. 16
The constant pressure control system is mainly composed of the STM32, motor drive systems, pressure systems, pressure transmitter systems, interactive systems. Pressure transmission pipeline system detects the water pressure in real-time; STM32 works as a central processing chip, it uses PID control algorithm, the algorithm generates a driving PWM signal based on the real-time pressure data processing presets and hydraulic pressure transmission system measurement; Motor drives the system according to the proportional relationship between the output voltage corresponding to the drive; Pressure equipments stable pressure water supply systems in the control of driving motors. The system’s interactive system uses TFT320X240LCD 2.8 inch LCD screen, it uses the CPU’s FSMC feature to improve the refresh rate, changing the parameters displaying and interface use the UCGUI , display system work easily, intuitivelyand in real-time.