祈使、感叹、倒装句

祈使句
祈使句指的是表示命令、请求、建议或劝告的句子。

其主语you常省略，谓语动词用原形，句末用感叹号或句号，读降调。

1. 肯定的祈使句
（1）动词原形+其他
Stand up, please. = Please stand up. 请起立。

（2）Be + n./adj.
Be a good boy! 要做一个好孩子! Be careful! = Look out! = Take care! 小心/ 当心！
（3）Let + 宾语+ 动词原形+ 其它成分
Let me help you. 让我来帮你。

Let’s go to school together. 咱们一起上学去吧。

2. 否定的祈使句
(1) Don't + 动词原形
Don't stand up. 别站起来。

Don't be careless. 别粗心。

Don't let them play with fire. 别让他们玩火。

（2）Let型的否定式有两种:“Don't + let + 宾语+ 动词原形+ 其它成分”和“Let + 宾语+ not + 动词原形+ 其它成分”。

Don't let him go. / Let him not go. 别让他走。

Let them not play with fire. 别让他们玩火。

（3）no开头,用来表示禁止性的祈使句。

No smoking! 禁止吸烟!No fishing! 禁止钓鱼!
3. 祈使句的回答祈使句的动作通常是表示将来发生的动作，所以回答祈使句时，一般用will或won’t。

在回答具有否定意义的祈使句时，要注意两点：
1)形式一致(即Yes与will保持一致；No与won’t保持一致)
2) 意思相反(即Yes是“不”的意思；No是“是”的意思)。

在回答时，要注意分析上下文语境中所提供的条件。

如：--- Don’t go out, please. It’s raining heavily outside. 请不要出去。

外面雨下得很大。

---- Yes, I will. I have to meet my brother at the airport. 不行，我得去机场接我弟弟。

4. 祈使句的反意疑问句
(1) 肯定祈使句的反意疑问句反问部分用will you 或won't you。

Please open the door, will/ won’t you? 请把门打开，好吗？
(2) 否定祈使句的反意疑问句反问部分只用will you。

Don't be late again, will you? 别再迟到了，行不行？
(3) 以let's开头的祈使句反意疑问句反问部分用shall we。

Let's turn on the TV, shall we? 我们把电视打开，好吗？
<特别注意> 只有以let's开头的祈使句的反意疑问句的反问部分才用shall we，而let us 开头的祈使句的反意疑问句的反问部分应为will you或won't you.如：Let us stay here, will/ won't you? 请（你）让我们留在这好吗？
练习题
一. 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。

1.It’s an important meeting. _________________ (not, be ) late.
2.________________ (not, make) any noise! Your mother is sleeping.
3.________________ (not, speak) with your mouth full of food and _________ (be) polite.
4. ________________ ( not, talk) and ____________ (read) aloud.
5._______________ (not, leave) your homework for tomorrow, Larry.
6.________________ (look) out! A car is coming.
7._______________ (give) us ten years and just see what our country will be like.
8.________________ (not, let) the baby cry.
9.Wear more clothes or you ____________ (catch) a cold.
10. Let’s _______________ (not, say) anything about it.
二、句型转换
1. Will you please read it again more slowly? （改为祈使句）
_______ ________ again more slowly, please.
2. If you don't listen to me, I'll go. （改为同义句）
________ ________me, or I’ll go.
3. Let's watch the sports games. （改为反意疑问句）
Let's watch the sports games, _______ _____?
4. The teachers often tell the students not to be careless. （改为祈使句）
_______ _______careless, please.
5. Please sit next to Nancy. （改为否定句）
_______ _______ next to Nancy.
6. Don't forget to turn off the lights, please. （改为反意疑问句）
Don't forget to turn off the lights, _______ _______?
7. If you move, you'll die. （改为同义句）
_______ ______, or you'll die.
8. Come to my house tomorrow. （改为反意疑问句）
Come to my house tomorrow, _______ _______?
9. 这是一个坏了的被子。

（翻译句子）
This is a ________ ________.
10. 让我们去帮帮那个哭泣的女孩吧。

（翻译句子）
Let’s go and help the _______ _______, please.
感叹句
感叹句是表达喜、怒、哀、乐以及惊奇、惊讶等强烈感情的句子。

感叹句通常由 what 或 how 引导。

现分述如下：感叹句一般是用来表示说话时的喜悦、惊讶等情感。

英语感叹句常用"what"和"how"引导，"what"和"how"与所修饰的词置于句首，其它部分用陈述句语序。

一、由"what"引导的感叹句："what"意为"多么"用作定语，修饰名词（被强调部分），单数可数名词前要加不定冠词a/an,复数可数名词或不可数名词前不用冠词。

这类句子的结构形式是：
what+(a/an)+adj.+n.+主语+谓语.
如：① What a clever girl she is! 多么聪明的姑娘呀！
② What an interesting story it is! 多么有趣的故事呀！
③ What good c hildren they are! 他们是多么好的孩子呀！
④ What beautiful flowers they are! 多么漂亮的花呀！
⑤ What delicious food it is! 多么有味的食物呀！
⑥ What heavy snow it is! 多么大的雪呀！
二、由"how"引导的感叹句："how"意为"多么"，用作状语，修饰形容词或副词（被强调部分）。

如果修饰形容词，则句中的谓语动词用系动词；如果how修饰副词，则句中的谓语动词用行为动词，这类句子的结构形式是：
How+adj.（adv.）+主语+谓语.
如：① How cold it is today! 今天多么冷呀！
② How nice the pictures are! 多么漂亮的图画呀！
③ How happy they look! 他们显得多么高兴呀！
④ How well she sings! 她唱得多好呀！
⑤ How hard they are working now! 他们干得多么起劲呀！
三、在表示同一意义时，英语感叹既可用"what"引导，也可用"how"引导。

如：
① Wha t a hot day it is!
= How hot the day is !
多么热的天气呀！
② What tall buildings they are!
= How tall the buildings are!
多么高的楼房呀！
③ What bad weather it is!
= How bad the weather is! 多么糟糕的天气呀！
④ What bright sunshine it is!
= How bright the sunshine is! 多么明亮的阳光呀！
四、感叹句在表示激动强烈的感情时，口语中常常采用省略句，其后面的主语和谓语往往略去不讲。

如：① What a fine day! 多么晴朗的天呀！
② What an honest boy! 多么诚实的孩子呀！
③ What red apples! 多么红的苹果呀！
④ How cool! 好凉快呀！
⑤ How wonderful! 精彩极了！
练习题
一、填入适当的词完成下列感叹句。

1).________ difficult homework we had yesterday!
2).________cute dog it is!
3).________ interesting the story is!
4).________ bad the weather in England is!
5).________ honest boy Tom is ！
6).________ tasty smell the cake gave off!
7).________ good time we had on the beach yesterday!
8).________ exciting news you've brought us!
9).________cool your new car is!
10).________ scary these tigers are!
二、选择填空。

1. _______ fast the boy ran!
A. How
B. How an
C. What
D. What an
2. _______ well you sing but _______ badly he dances!
A. How, how
B. What, what
C. How, what
D. What, how
3. ________ delicious the soup is! I’d like some more.
A. How
B. How an
C. What
D. What an
4. _______ fools they were! They believed what the man said.
A. How
B. How an
C. What
D. What an
5. _______ foolish they were! They believed what the man said.
A. How
B. How an
C. What
D. What an
6. _______ difficult questions they are! I can’t answer them.
A. How
B. How an
C. What
D. What an
7. I miss my friend very much. _______ I want to see her!
A. How
B. How an
C. What
D. What an
8. _______ lovely weather we are having these days!
A. How
B. How an
C. What
D. What an
9. _______ beautiful your new dress is!
A. How
B. How an
C. What
D. What an
10. _______ interesting work it is to teach children!
A. How
B. How an
C. What
D. What an
三、所给句子填空，使填空句变为相应的感叹句：
1. The boy swam very fast.（同义句）
_______ _______ the boy swam!
2. The school trip is very exciting. （同义句）
_____ ______ the school trip is!
3. It is a useful dictionary. （同义句）
_______ _______ _______ dictionary it is!
_______ _______ _______ dictionary is!
4. The students are listening very carefully.
________ ________ the students are listening!
倒装
英语的基本语序是“主语＋谓语”如果将谓语放在主语之前，这种语序叫做倒装。

倒装分为两种：全部倒装和部分倒装。

在倒装语序中若整个谓语都在主语之前称为全部倒装；若谓语的一部分（情态动词或助动词）位于主语之前称之为部分倒装。

二、部分倒装
练习题
1. ---“ Look ! Here ____.”
---“Oh, thank God . Here____.”
A.the teacher comes ; he comes
B. comes the teacher ; comes he
C. does the teacher come ; does he come
D. comes the teacher ; he comes
2. ____can you expect to get a pay rise.
A．With hard work B．Although work hard
C．Only with hard work D．Now that he works hard
3. Little ____ about his own safety, though he was in great danger himself.
A. does he care
B. did he care
C. he cares
D. he cared
4. Not until all the fish died in the river ____ how serious the pollution was.
A. did the villagers realize
B. the villagers realized
C. the villagers did realize
D. didn't the villagers realize
5. No sooner ____to the cinema ____the film began.
A. had he got ,than
B. he had got, when
C. did he get ,than
D. had he got ,when
6. Not only ____interested in football but ____beginning to show an interest in it.
A. the teacher himself is; all his students are
B. the teacher himself is; are all his students
C. is the teacher himself; are all his students
D. is the teacher himself; all his students are
7. So difficult ____ it to work out the problem that I decided to ask Tom for advice.
A. I did find
B. did I find
C. I have found
D. have I found
8. Never in my life such a thing.
A. I have heard of or seen
B. I had heard of or seen
C. have I heard of or seen
D. did I hear of or seen
9. Seldom TV during the day.
A. they watch
B. are they watching
C. have they watched
D. do they watch
10.________ playing soldiers.
A. Inside the room were two boys
B. Inside the room two boys
C. Were two boys inside the room
D. Inside the room was two boys
11. Little ______ when 1 took the trip where it would lead me.
A. have I known
B. had I known
C. do 1 know
D. did I know
12. _____ and caught the mouse.
A. Up the cat jumped
B. The cat up jumped
C. Up jumped the cat
D. Jumped up the cat
13. Not only _____ a promise, but also he kept it.
A. did he make
B. he made
C. does he make
D. has he made
14. Not once _____ their plan.
A. did they change
B. they changed
C. changed they
D. they did change
15. His uncle is a worker and has been working in the factory for more than ten years. _____.
A. So is his aunt
B. So has his aunt
C. So his aunt does
D. So it is with his aunt。