2020-2021学年英语北师大版选修7课时作业：Unit+21+Grammar++

课时作业18Grammar
语法专练(情态动词与虚拟语气)
Ⅰ.情态动词
1．We can't imagine that two children ________be killed by the washing machine of their house.
2．One of our rules is that every student________wear school uniform while at school.
3．You________get the machine repaired this week. I won't need it until next month.
4．—These grapes look really beautiful.
—They________！See the price $3.99 a pound. Very expensive, aren't they?
5．—The deadline is drawing near, but I failed to challenge the task a third time.
—________my brother have a try?
6．Liza________well not want to go on the trip—she hates traveling.
7．—Do you know where David is? I couldn't find him anywhere.
—Well, he________have gone far—his coat's still here.
8．—Will the book I ordered arrive on time?
—It________，if there is no traffic jam.
9．You________have bought the book for me, but thank you all the same.
10．—Have you heard of the news that Britain's former Prime
Minister, Baroness Thatcher, died on April 18?
—Yes.________she rest in peace.
★★答案★★与解析
1．should句意：我们无法想象两个孩子竟然被家里的洗衣机绞死了。

should 表示“竟然”。

2．shall句意：我们的规定之一是学生在学校时需要穿校服。

在明文规定中，常使用shall 来表示规定做的事情。

3．needn't句意：这周你不必请人修这台机器。

到下个月我才用呢。

根据题干中“I won't need it until next month.”可推知设空处表示“不必”。

4．should句意：——这些葡萄看起来很漂亮。

——它们应该这样！看价钱，3.99美元一磅，太贵了，是不是？根据句意可以猜出葡萄看起来好是应该的，因为价格贵。

5．Shall句意：——截止日期临近，但是我又一次挑战这项任务失败。

——让我的弟弟试一下可以吗？考查情态动词。

shall 用于第三人称疑问句表示征求对方的意见。

6．may/might句意：莉莎很可能不想去旅游——她讨厌旅游。

根据设空处后的well 可知本空填may 或might。

may/might well do sth.＝be very likely to do sth.意为：很可能做某事。

7．can't/couldn't句意：——你知道戴维在哪儿吗？我到处找他都找不到。

——噢，他不可能走远，因为他的大衣还在这里。

can't/couldn't have done sth.不可能做过某事。

8．should句意：——我订购的那本书会按时到货吗？——如果不交通堵塞的话，应该会。

根据“if there is no traffic jam”可推知设空处表示“应该”。

9．needn't句意：你本来没必要为我买这本书的，不过还是要谢谢你。

根据but thank you all the same 可知此处表示“本没必要买但是买了”。

10．May句意：——你听说英国前首相撒切尔夫人在4月18日逝世的消息了吗？——听说了。

愿她安息。

may 但愿，表示祝愿。

又如：May you both be happy！祝你们俩幸福！
Ⅱ.虚拟语气
1．—It________(be) cool if I won this contest. I don't think I'm good enough, though.
—Give it a shot. Y ou never know.
2．—Did you make it at last?
—Yes. But for your help, it________(cause) a serious loss.
3．—Max looks nervous.
—So________you if you had so fierce a competition.
4．—It's a shame that you missed the lecture on the British culture given by Thompson.
—I ________(attend) it, but I was busy preparing for the coming exam.
5．They could have escaped from the big fire, but unfortunately, someone________(lock) the door.
6．—Our company will organize a trip to Hong Kong next month.
I am taking my mother there.
—I'd rather you________(do). After all she has just recovered from her illness and she still feels weak.
7．We________(finish) the project on time without your timely help.
8．If the world had ended on Dec. 21st, 2012, we________(be)
able to enjoy the wonderful life now.
9．The Antarctic is so mystically described by some people. If only I________(be) there before!
10．I wish I________(share) the car journey home with my friends. Now they are watching the football match at home.
★★答案★★与解析
1．would be——我要是能赢这场比赛就太好了。

但是我想我不够出色。

——试试看，很难说。

通过句意和won 得知，本句为表示将来的虚拟，所以设空处填would be。

2．would/could have caused句意：——最后你成功了吗？——是的，要不是你的帮助，将/可能会有很大的损失。

考查虚拟语气。

本句为与过去事实相反的假设，所以可用should/would/could/might have done 的形式。

但should 常用于第一人称，might 常用于可能性很小。

3．would句意：——马克斯看上去很紧张。

——如果是你参加这么激烈的比赛，你也会紧张的。

本句中主句和if条件从句都表示和现在事实相反的假设，可改为：Y ou would also look nervous if you had so fierce a competition.然后考虑采用“so＋be动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语”句型替换主句形式。

4．would/should have attended句意：——真遗憾你错过了汤普森所作的有关英国文化的讲座。

——我本想/应该参加的，但是我正忙于准备即将到来的考试。

根据题干中的was busy 可知设空处表示与过去事实相反，故★★答案★★为would/should have attended。

5．had locked句意：他们本可以从大火中逃出来，但不幸的是，有人把门锁上了。

根据题干中“could have escaped”可判断该句
为与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故设空处表示过去；lock 先于could have escaped，即表示“过去的过去”，故用过去完成时态。

6．didn't句意：——我们公司下个月将组织到香港旅游，我打算带我妈妈去那里。

——我宁可你不带她，毕竟她刚刚从病中恢复，身体还很虚弱。

would rather 接从句的时候，从句的谓语用一般过去时表示对现在或将来的虚拟。

7．wouldn't/couldn't have finished句意：如果没有你的及时帮助，我们就不能按时完成那项工程了。

without your timely help 相当于含蓄条件从句，即if it hadn't been for your timely help，是和过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故句子谓语动词用wouldn't/couldn't have done形式。

8．wouldn't be句意：如果世界在2012年12月21日灭亡了的话，我们现在就不会享受精彩的生活了。

if 从句与过去事实相反，而主句与现在事实相反，故★★答案★★为wouldn't be。

9．had been句意：南极地区被一些人描述得很神奇。

我要是去过那里就好了！If only＋句子(过去完成时)，表示与过去相反的假设。

10．had shared句意：我要是和朋友拼车回家就好了。

现在他们都在家看足球赛了。

在I wish 后的宾语从句中，如果表示与过去事实相反的假设，时态要用过去完成时。

Ⅰ.阅读理解
“Plants were expected to get larger with increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, but changes in temperature, humidity and
nutrient availability seem to have trumped the benefits of increased carbon dioxide，” said researchers from the National University of Singapore.
45 percent of the species studied now reach smaller adult sizes than they did in the past. The researchers pointed out that warmer temperatures and changing habitats, caused by climate change, are possible reasons for shrinking creatures.
“We do not yet know the mechanisms involved, or why some organism are getting smaller while others are unaffected，”the researchers said. “Until we understand more, we could be risking negative consequences that we can't yet quantify.”
The change was big in cold-blooded animals. Only two decades of warmer temperatures were enough to make reptiles (爬行动物) smaller. An increase of 1 degree centigrade caused nearly a 10 percent increase in metabolism(新陈代谢)．Greater use of energy resulted in tiny tortoises and little lizards. Fish are smaller now too. Though overfishing has played a part in reducing numbers, experiments show that warmer temperatures also stop fish growth. There is a recent report on warmer temperatures' negative effects on plankton(浮游生物), the base of the marine ecosystem.
Warm-blooded animals weren't immune from the size change caused by climate change. Many birds are now smaller. Mammals have been miniaturized too. Soay sheep are thinner. Red deer are weaker. And polar bears are smaller，compared with historical records. This is not the first time this has happened in Earth's history.
55 million years ago, a warming event similar to the current climate change caused bees, spiders and ants to shrink by 50 to 75
percent over several thousand years. That event happened over a long time than the current climate change.
The speed of modern climate change could mean organisms may not respond or adapt quickly enough, especially those with long generation times. So，it is likely that more negative influences of climate change will be shown in future.
1．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A．Why do some species become smaller?
B．How does temperature change in Earth's history?
C．Climate change has many negative effects.
D．Species become smaller as climate warms.
2．The underlined word “trumped” in the first paragraph can be replaced by ________.
A．beaten B．increased
C．strengthened D．equaled
3．Researchers from the National University of Singapore believe that________.
A．too many studies on animals' size have been done
B．all the animals on the earth have become smaller
C．how climate change affects animals' size has not been found clearly
D．climate change has more negative effects on warm-blooded animals
4．What can we learn from the passage?
A．Bird have suffered more from climate change than fish.
B．Climate change have even affected plankton negatively.
C．Cold-blooded animals become smaller because of the lack of food.
D．The warming event has never happened in Earth' s history before.
★★答案★★与解析
1．D标题归纳题。

从全文内容归纳可知D项为最佳标题。

2．A词义猜测题。

从第一段内容可知trumped 的含义为beaten (打败)。

3．C细节理解题。

从第三段内容可知C项正确。

4．B推理判断题。

从第四段最后一句There is a recent report on warmer temperatures' negative effects on plankton (浮游生物)．..可知B项正确。

Ⅱ.完形填空
I often read of incidents of misunderstanding or conflict. I'm left __1__. Why do these people create mistrust and problems, especially with those from other __2__？
I was growing up in Kuala Lumpur in the early 1960s, __3__ children from different races and religions played and studied __4__ in harmony. At that time my family lived a stone's __5__ from Ismail's. And no one was bothered that Ismail was a Malay Muslim and I was an Indian Hindu—we just __6__ our differences. Perhaps, our elders had not filled our heads with unnecessary advice, well __7__ or otherwise.
We were nine when we became friends. During the school holidays, we'd __8__ the countryside on our bicycles, hoping to __9__ the unexpected. At times Ismail would accompany my family as we made a rare shopping trip to town. We would be glad of his __10__.
When I was twelve, my family moved to Johor. Ismail's family later returned to their village, and I __11__ touch with him.
One spring afternoon in 1983, I stopped a taxi in Kuala Lumpur.
I __12__ my destination. The driver acknowledged my __13__ but did not move off. Instead, he looked __14__ at me.“Raddar？” he said, using my childhood nickname (绰号). I was astonished at being so __15__ addressed (称呼). Unexpectedly! It was Ismail! Even after two __16__ we still recognized each other. Grasping his shoulder, I felt a true affection, something __17__ to describe.
If we can allow our children to be __18__ without prejudice, they'll build friendships with people, regardless of race or religion, who will be __19__ their side through thick and thin. On such friendships are societies built and __20__ we can truly be, as William Shakespeare once wrote，“we happy few, we band of brothers.”
1．A.interested B．pleased
C．puzzled D．excited
2．A.parties B．cities
C．villages D．races
3．A.why B．which
C．how D．when
4．A.together B．around
C．alone D．apart
5．A.drop B．throw
C．move D．roll
6．A.refused B．made
C．sought D．accepted
7．A.paid B．meant
C．preserved D．treated 8．A.explore B．search C．discover D．desert 9．A.get through B．deal with C．come across D．take away 10．A.arrival B．choice C．effort D．company 11．A.lost B．gained C．developed D．missed 12．A.stated B．ordered C．decided D．chose 13．A.attempts B．instructions C．opinions D．arrangements 14．A.anxiously B．carelessly C．disappointedly D．fixedly 15．A.familiarly B．strangely C．fully D．coldly 16．A.departures B．months C．years D．decades 17．A.possible B．funny C．hard D．clear 18．A.them B．themselves C．us D．ourselves 19．A.from B．by
C．with D．against
20．A.still B．otherwise
C．then D．instead
★★答案★★与解析
本文是一篇夹叙夹议的记叙文，主要叙述了从小作者和朋友虽然种族信仰不同，但他们求同存异和谐相处，多年未见依然相亲如故，最后文章升华，号召大家都这样去做。

1．C句后的Why反映了作者的迷惑，故★★答案★★用puzzled。

2．D race人种，种族，3空后有照应，做完形特别要注意前后照应这一点。

3．D此处when引导非限制性定语从句，说明那个时候不同信仰不同种族的孩子们和谐相处。

4．A together表示一起。

5．B a stone's throw直译为扔一块石头那么远的距离，现在常作固定词组，意为“一步之遥，近在咫尺”。

6．D上文中提到我们宗教信仰和种族不同但我们和平相处求同存异，所以此处用accept表示互相接受彼此的不同信仰。

7．B well meant亦是固定词组，意为“善意好心”，或许祖先并未在我们脑子里打上烙印什么好什么不好。

8．A我们会骑着自行车去乡下探险，explore意为“冒险，探险”。

9．C come across等同于meet with，意为“偶然碰到”。

本空结合上句，去乡村探险期望偶遇不同寻常的东西。

10．D我们很高兴他的陪伴(company)。

11．A lose touch with sb.和某人失去联络，因为我们都搬了家，
故失去了联系。

12．A拦下了出租车先要说明目的地，state陈述，说明。

13．B我是乘客是上帝，故用instructions，即司机明白了我的指令。

14．D由于惊讶应是目不转睛，不可思议，难以想象。

用fixedly“盯着看”合乎语境。

15．A被叫了小名，所以作者在异乡被如此熟悉地称呼也是很吃惊。

familiarly熟悉地。

16．D decade十年，从第二段的1960s到本段的1983也可粗略得出应是二十多年过去了。

17．C彼此一种真正的关爱却很难用语言描述的东西。

18．B照应前面的孩子，如果我们能让孩子做他们自己，彼此没有偏见歧视。

19．B by one's side站在某人一边，支持某人。

20．C then然后，随后，用于承接上文，建立这样的和谐社会，那样我们会很幸福，是好兄弟。

Ⅲ.语法填空
Rachel：We will go on an outing next weekend. Would you like to go with us?
Michael：I will be free then.__1__are you going?
Rachel：I think we'll go to the Western Hill. You see, it's spring now. There are wild flowers everywhere.
Michael：Good idea. That's a __2__(love) place. We can also enjoy fresh air here. There is a beautiful river. And I hear there are a lot of fish in it. It will be a nice place for __3__(fish)．
Rachel：So you can go fishing __4__you get there.
Michael：Wonderful idea!
Rachel：By the way, __5__do you think we should go there?
Michael：I think we'd __6__(good) go there by bike so that we can relax better. You know we are __7__(stress) all the time. When shall we start off?
Rachel：__8__(person), I think we should set out at half past seven on Saturday morning if the weather is fine.
Michael：I'll tell __9__whole class about it this afternoon so that more classmates will join __10__.
Rachel：Good idea. I think many more students would love to go.
Michael：I think so.
★★答案★★与解析
1．Where根据答句可知用where。

2．lovely形容词作定语。

3．fishing动名词作宾语。

4．when when 引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时”。

5．how根据答句中的by bike 可知用how 提问。

6．better we'd better do sth.我们最好做某事。

7．stressed are stressed 处于压力之中。

8．Personally副词作状语。

9．the the whole class 全班。

10．us宾格形式作宾语。

Ⅳ.短文改错
In recent years many flowers shops have been appeared in our small town. It is common for people to buy flowers when they go to a gathering, visiting a sick friend, or attend a wedding. I still remember
clear one day last year when Tom, disabled student, presented some flowers to his mother to express his gratitude to her. He owes his entire life to his mother's kind and care. With her he would not have had the confidence or the courage to fight her disability. As a result of the great effort what he had made, he was finally admitted to a key university.
★★答案★★
In recent years many flowers
flower shops have been
＼appeared in our
small town. It is common for people to buy flowers when they go to a gathering, visiting
visit
a sick friend, or attend a wedding. I still
remember clear
clearly one day last year when Tom，∧
a
disabled student,
presented some flowers to his mother to express his gratitude to her.
He owes
owed his entire life to his mother's kind
kindness
and care. With
Without
her
he would not have had the confidence or the courage to fight her
his disability. As a result of the great effort what
that/which
he had made, he was finally admitted to a key university.
感谢您的下载!
快乐分享，知识无限！由Ruize收集整理！
感谢您的下载!
快乐分享，知识无限！由Ruize收集整理！。