2021优化方案高考总复习·英语(外研版)：第一部分必修5Module 1知能演练轻松闯关

Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Students should be encouraged ____________(present) their own opinions, whether right or wrong.
答案：to present
2．Every time I attempt ____________(convince) her, I always fail completely.
答案：to convince
3．It’s ____________(obviously) that he hasn’t read the book.
答案：obvious
4．The customers made a number of rude ____________(remark) about the goods on sale.
答案：remarks
5．The English in this story ____________(simple) to make it easier to understand.
答案：has been simplified
6．The expert says that the exports are ____________(steady) increasing year by year.
答案：steadily
7．To avoid getting ____________(confuse) on how to operate the machine，you should first read the instructions carefully.
答案：confused
8．The Chinese language ____________(difference) from Western languages in that it uses characters instead of an alphabet.
答案：differs
9．(2022·天津高考单项填空)In ____________(add) to the school，the village has a clinic，which was also built with government support.
答案：addition
10．____________(compare) with his sister，Jerry is even more sensitive，and more easily troubled by emotional and relationship problems.
答案：Compared
Ⅱ.阅读理解
(2022·济南高三针对性训练)Britons may like to complain a lot，but they rarely do so in the moment，explains BBC writer Ruth Margolis.They would rather grumble(发牢骚) afterward.This is because Britons hate to put someone out and cause a scene.Margolis writes: “For instance, I’m much more comfortable just leaving that piece of raw chicken on my plate instead of complaining to restaurant staff.But beware: if this kind of thing happens when you’re dining with an American，they will most likely speak up on your behalf and not understand why you find this ashamed.”
In a BBC blog post comparing cultural differences between the UK and the US, Margolis mentions a few other things that Americans like to do that are offensive to Britons.
♦Not making introductions
Margolis says most Britons dislike this approach because “talking to strangers without being introduced gives them a stomachache”．Americans rarely introduce a new friend to their friends at parties.Strangers are supposed to introduce themselves.
♦“Quite”good
Using “quite”to mean “very”happens a lot in the US.But if you are invited to a dinner party in Britain，don’t describe the meal as “quite good”if you want to express high praise.To Britons’ears，“quite”detracts_from the “good”：the meal was OK but could have been better.
♦Money Talk
Americans can talk about money subjects for hours without feeling uncomfortable. For Britons，says Margolis：“talking about how much we make is unthinkable—even less so than discussing our feelings.”
♦Over­politeness
“It’s not that I want shop assistants to be actively rude.But neither do I want to expend energy responding to someone who’s been paid to ask.‘How are you today？’”says Margolis.In the US, it is not unusual to be greeted by a perfect stranger as “honey”or “sweetie”．But Margolis says Britons find put-on friendliness, especially in stores，deeply irritating(使人生气的)．
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。

BBC记者Ruth Margolis通过列举一些令英国人厌烦的美国人的行为，说明白英美文化之间的差异。

1．Margolis’s dining experience in Paragraph 1 shows that________．
A．Britons are particular about foods
B．Britons are not good at complaining
C．Americans usually complain directly
D．Americans complain more than Britons
C解析：推理推断题。

依据第一段最终一句“But beware：if this kind of thing happens when you’re dining with an American，they will most likely speak up on your behalf and not understand why you find this ashamed.”可知，假如英国人和美国人一起吃饭，对饭菜不满足，英国人当时不会埋怨，但美国人会替英国人大声说出来，并且不明白英国人为何会对此感到难为情。

由此可推知，美国人通常会直接埋怨。

故选C项。

2．Which of the following might Margolis agree with?
A．Britons enjoy talking about their feelings.
B．Americans introduce themselves at parties.
C．Americans dislike talking to strangers at parties.
D．Britons feel happy if treated like close friends.
B解析：细节理解题。

依据第三段最终两句“Americans rarely introduce a new friend to their friends at parties.Strangers are supposed to introduce themselves.”可知，在派对上美国人很少会把新伴侣介绍给伴侣们；生疏人需要自我介绍。

由此可知，B项正确。

依据第五段其次句“For Britons...‘talking...unthinkable—even less so than discussing our feelings.’”可知，英国人不宠爱谈论自己的感受，A项错误；依据文章最终一段可知，英国人不宠爱别人待自己过于亲热，D项错误；C项文中没有提及。

故选B项。

3．The underlined phrase“detracts from”in the text probably means “________”．
A．differs greatly from
B．increases the quality of
C．reduces the strength of
D．draws attention away from
C解析：词义猜想题。

依据第四段最终一句“To Britons’ ears，‘quite’detracts_from the ‘good’：the meal was OK but could have been better.”可知，对于英国人而言，“quite good”这种说法暗含着“饭菜原来可能更好些”的意思，这样反而降低了赞扬的程度。

故选C项。

4．What does the text mainly talk about?
A．How to get on well with westerners.
B．How to start conversations with Britons.
C．Ruth Margolis’s tips on public behavior.
D．Some American habits that annoy Britons.
D解析：主旨大意题。

通读全文可知，本文主要列举了一些令英国人厌烦的美国人的行为，说明白英美文化之间的差异。

故答案选D项。

Ⅲ.完形填空
(2022·青岛高三自主诊断)I arrived at my mother’s home for our Monday family dinner.Mother was __1__quilt after quilt from the boxes, __2__ showing me their beauties.She was preparing for a quilt show at the Elmhurst Church.When we began to __3__ and put them back into the boxes，I noticed something at the __4__ of one box. “What is this？” I asked.
“Oh？” Mom said，“That’s Mama’s quilt.”
I __5__ the quilt.It looked as if a group of school children had pieced it together; __6__ designs, __7__ pictures，a winding line on the right.
“Grandmother made this？”I said, __8__．My grandmother was a master at making quilts.This __9__ didn’t look like any of the quilts she had made.
“Yes，right before she died.I __10__ it home with me last year and made some __11__，”she said.“I’m still __12__ on it.See, this is what I’ve done so far.”
I looked at it more __13__．At the center of the quilt，she had sewn a piece of __14__ with these words：“My mother made many quilts.She didn’t get all lines __15__．But I think this is beautiful.I want to see it __16__.Her last quilt.”“Oh, this is so nice，Mom，”I said.It __17__ to me that by completing my grandmother’s quilt，my mother was honoring her own __18__．I realized，too，that I held in my hands a family __19__．It started with the loving hands of one woman，and __20__ with the loving hands of another.
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。

作者到母亲家参与周一的家庭聚餐时，在母亲家里的箱子里发觉了一床外婆缝的被子，被子上的线都是弯弯曲曲的，原来这是外婆生前缝的最终一床被子，这床被子已经被母亲做了一些加工，这体现了两代人之间爱的传递。

1．A.splitting up B．picking up
C．pulling out D．showing off
C解析：split up意为“分手，(使)分开”；pick up意为“捡起，偶然学会”；pull out意为“取出，拽出”；show off意为“炫耀，卖弄”。

依据空格后的“from the boxes”可知，此处指母亲从箱子里取出一床又一床的被子。

故答案选C。

2．A.proudly B．frankly
C．politely D．generously
A解析：proudly意为“傲慢地，骄傲地”；frankly意为“坦诚地”；politely意为“礼貌地”；generously 意为“慷慨地”。

依据空格后“showing me their beauties”可知，此处指母亲取出一床又一床被子，满脸骄傲地向“我”呈现被子的精致之处。

故答案选A。

3．A.push B．lift
C．cover D．fold
D解析：push意为“推，推动”；lift意为“举起，抬起”；cover意为“掩盖，包括”；fold意为“折叠，对折”。

依据空格后的“put them back into the boxes”可知，此处表示“我们”开头将被子叠好重新放进箱子里。

故答案选D。

4．A.top B．bottom
C．back D．front
B解析：top意为“顶端，顶部”；bottom意为“末端，底部”；back意为“背部，后面”；front意为“前面”。

依据语境可知，此处应指“我”留意到一个箱子的底部有个东西。

at the bottom of为固定短语，意为“在……的底部”，符合语境。

故答案选B。

5．A.pressed B．spread
C．packed D．raised
B解析：press意为“压，按”；spread意为“开放，摊开”；pack意为“打包”；raise意为“举起，提起”。

依据下文对被子上的东西的描述可推知，“我”把被子摊开才能看到被子上面的东西。

故答案选B。

6．A.perfect B．delicate
C．mature D．irregular
D解析：perfect意为“完善的，极好的”；delicate意为“易损坏的，微妙的”；mature意为“成熟的，认真考虑过的”；irregular意为“不规章的”。

依据空格前半句可知，被子看起来像是由学校里的一群孩子拼凑起来的，因此它的花纹应是不规章的。

故答案选D。

7．A.childish B．elegant
C．classic D．horrible
A解析：childish意为“孩子气的，稚嫩的”；elegant意为“优雅的”；classic意为“古典的”；horrible意为“可怕的”。

依据上文中“It looked as if a group of school children had pieced it together”可知，此处应指被子上的图案有些孩子气。

故答案选A。

8．A.excited B．depressed
C．surprised D．delighted
C解析：excited意为“兴奋的”；depressed意为“懊丧的，失落的”；surprised意为“吃惊的”；delighted 意为“兴奋的”。

依据下一句“My grandmother was a master at making quilts.”可知，外婆是个缝被子的能手，所以当知道这床花纹不规章的被子是外婆做的时，“我”应当感到很吃惊。

surprised符合文意。

故答案选C。

9．A.almost B．certainly
C．partly D．probably
B解析：almost意为“几乎，差不多”；certainly意为“无疑，确定”；partly意为“部分地”；probably 意为“可能”。

依据上文可知，“我”的外婆是个缝被子的能手，由此可推知，毫无疑问，这床被子看起来不像是她缝过的任何一床被子。

故答案选B。

10．A.robbed B．bought
C．dropped D．brought
D解析：rob意为“抢”；buy意为“买”；drop意为“落下，投下”；bring意为“带来”。

依据上文可知，这是外婆生前缝的最终一床被子，母亲把它带回了家。

bring符合文意。

故答案选D。

11．A.decisions B．money
C．changes D．mistakes
C解析：decision意为“打算”；money意为“钱”；change意为“转变，变化”；mistake意为“错误”。

依据下段中“At the center of the quilt，she had sewn a piece...these words：‘My mother made many quilts...’”可知，母亲对这床被子做了一些改动。

故答案选C。

12．A.working B．depending
C．living D．sitting
A解析：work意为“工作，运转”；depend意为“依靠，信任”；live意为“生活，度过”；sit意为“坐”。

依据下一句“See，this is what I’ve done so far.”可知，母亲仍在改外婆缝的被子。

work符合文意。

故答案选A。

13．A.disappointedly B．closely
C．nervously D．gratefully
B解析：disappointedly意为“绝望地”；closely意为“接近地，紧密地”；nervously意为“紧急地”；gratefully 意为“感谢地”。

依据语境可推知，母亲让“我”看一看她已经修改好的地方，因此此处应为“我”凑近一些看被子。

closely符合文意。

故答案选B。

14．A.paper B．bread
C．wood D．cloth
D解析：paper意为“纸张”；bread意为“面包”；wood意为“木材，木制品”；cloth意为“布，一块布”。

此处指在被子中心，母亲缝了一块布条，布条上面绣了一些字。

只有cloth符合常识和文意。

故答案选D。

15．A.strong B．hidden
C．straight D．bent
C解析：strong意为“强壮的”；hidden意为“隐蔽的，奇特的”；straight意为“直的，连续的”；bent 意为“弯曲的”。

依据第四段中的“a winding line on the right”可知，外婆缝出来的线条不是很直。

straight符合文意。

故答案选C。

16．A.finished B．removed
C．produced D．prepared
A解析：finish意为“完成”；remove意为“移除，迁移”；produce意为“生产，制作”；prepare意为“预备”。

依据语境可知，这是外婆生前缝的最终一床被子，母亲想看到被子被缝制完成。

finish符合文意。

故答案选A。

17．A.happened B．appeared C．occurred D．struck
C解析：happen意为“发生”；appear意为“消灭，显现”；occur意为“发生，消灭”；strike意为“敲响，报时”。

依据语境可知，此处应为“我”突然想到……it occurs/occurred to sb.that...为固定句型，意为“某人突然想到……”。

其余选项均无此用法。

故答案选C。

18．A.skill B．mother
C．show D．quilt
B解析：skill意为“技巧”；mother意为“母亲”；show意为“节目，展出”；quilt意为“被子”。

依据语境可推知，母亲修改外婆生前缝的最终一床被子，是为了表达她对自己母亲的怀念。

故答案选B。

19．A.shame B．responsibility
C．desire D．treasure
D解析：shame意为“惭愧，可耻的人”；responsibility意为“责任，职责”；desire意为“愿望，期望”；treasure意为“珍宝，极贵重的物品”。

依据语境可推知，此处应为“我”意识到“我”的手里拿着一件传家之宝。

故答案选D。

20．A.continued B．stopped
C．declined D．disappeared
A解析：continue意为“连续”；stop意为“停止”；decline意为“婉言谢绝”；disappear意为“消逝”。

依据外婆缝的被子被母亲带回了家，并做了改动可知，此处指这被子(珍宝)始于一个女人布满爱的双手，并由另一个女人布满爱的双手连续传递。

continue符合文意。

故答案选A。

Ⅳ.语法填空
(2022·南昌高三模拟)My interest in Chinese food started years ago，when I was a young reporter for the Washington Post. Our office wasn’t far 1.____________ Chinatown，where I found some very good Chinese restaurants.
The first time I ever ate Chinese food, I loved it.I 2.____________(notice) the fresh taste of the meat and vegetables.When I learned more about the food, I began to understand why 3.____________ has this special feature. Many years ago, China had 4.____________ energy crisis because it lost much of its wood due to over population and poor 5.____________(manage) of its forests.This loss was very bad for the country, of course, but it turned out
to be very good for the food.Wood became very expensive and hard to get, so the Chinese had to either find a
substitute for their 6.____________(value) wood, or learn how to use it better.There weren’t any substitutes so people found ways to economize.
In order to economize in 7.____________(cook)，they had to use very little wood.So they started cutting their meat and vegetables into small pieces before they put them in the hot oil.That way，the food cooked 8.____________(fast) and they saved more fuel.The food 9.____________(prepare) in this way kept its fresh flavor—and it’s this flavor 10.____________ attracts people from other countries to the art of Chinese cooking.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了作者对中国食物的宠爱和中国烹饪的由来。

1．from解析：考查介词。

句意：我们的办公室离唐人街不远……be far from意为“离……远”，符合句意。

故填from。

2．noticed解析：考查动词的时态。

依据上下文的时态可知，此处应用一般过去时。

故填noticed。

3．it解析：考查代词。

句意：当我对这种食物了解得更多时，我开头明白为什么这种食物会如此特殊。

空格处与前一分句中的“the food”为同一事物，为了避开重复，应用代词“it”指代“the food”。

故填it。

4．an解析：考查冠词。

句意：多年以前，中国发生了一次能源危机……空格处修饰“energy crisis”，表泛指，crisis在该句中为可数名词单数，且“energy”的读音以元音音素开头，因此填不定冠词an。

5．management解析：考查词性转换。

依据空格前的形容词poor及空格后的介词of可知，空格处应为名词。

故填management。

6．valuable解析：考查词性转换。

空格后是名词wood，因此应用所给词的形容词形式修饰wood。

故填valuable。

7．cooking解析：考查词性转换。

介词in后用名词、代词或动名词。

cook作名词时意为“厨师”，不合句意，因此要用其动名词形式cooking，意为“烹饪”。

句意：为了在烹饪时能节省能源，他们不得不少用木头。

故填cooking。

8．faster解析：考查副词的比较级。

“the food cooked________”与and后的“they saved more fuel”是并列关系，故此处也应用副词fast的比较级faster。

句意：那样，食物就煮得快些，他们就能节省更多的燃料。

故填faster。

9．prepared解析：考查非谓语动词。

分析句子结构可知，句子的谓语动词是kept，故prepare是非谓语动词。

prepare与主语The food之间是规律上的动宾关系，因此用其过去分词形式。

故填prepared。

10．that解析：考查强调句结构。

依据句中的it’s可先假定本句为强调句，去掉it’s和空格后，剩余部分为“this flavor attracts people from other countries to the art of Chinese cooking”。

此句成分和意义都完整。

由此可知，本句是一个强调句，被强调部分为主语“this flavor”。

强调句型的基本结构为“It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who ＋其他”。

故填that。

句意：正是这种味道吸引了其他国家的人来品尝中国饮食文化。