一场意料之中的文化热恋——从活力四射的浙江,看中非文化交流

前不久，我怀着非常激动的心情从南非来到浙江师范大学非洲研究院任职。

我现在的所在地浙江省，与非洲远隔万里。

浙江景色秀美，文化灿烂，
历史悠久，物产丰富，经济发达。

我最
近还曾访问过杭州。

在西湖边，感受
着夕阳的秀丽和宁静，我心潮澎湃。

一
时间，我理解了为何浙江素以“鱼米之
乡、丝绸之府、物华天宝、旅游天堂”而
誉满中外。

抵达中国数周后，我再次意识到，
世界真的变得越来越紧密融合，越来越
相互依存。

文化交流，对传递善意、建
立相互尊敬和相互理解关系，对加强
合作、为共同命运相向而行，都是不可
或缺的。

一
幸运的是，文化合作与交流已成为
全球常态。

典范之一，就是通过不断加
深友谊、合作和共同努力，中国和非洲
之间的文化合作日益扩大。

事实上，中
国文化已经在非洲大陆留下坚实印记，
非洲人喜爱中国文化体现的智慧和多
姿多彩。

在过去的六七十年中，中国与更多
的非洲国家签署了文化交流与合作协
议。

通过越来越多的中国援助和合作项
目、日益增多的中文语言学校，以及在非
洲发展和流行起来的传统中医、针灸、
杂技、武术、中国餐馆等，中非文化交往
日益频繁。

我亲眼目睹这些，深感振奋。

一场意料之中的文化热恋
——从活力四射的浙江，看中非文化交流 
●格特·格罗布勒（南非）
格特·格罗布勒先生曾是南非国际关系与合作部高级外交官，历任南非驻西班牙、日本、马达加斯加等国大使，目前为浙江师范大学非洲研究院高级研究员。

格特先生于20世纪60年代末毕业于南非自由州大学，随即进入南非外交部工作，其外交生涯涉及美国、英国、西班牙、德国、安道尔、日本、马达加斯加等国家和地区。

他在南非外交系统工作近半个世纪，是南非外交史的特殊参与者、见证者。

今年初，作为浙江师范大学非洲研究院聘请的高级研究员，他来到浙江。

几个月的生活和工作，让他切身感受到浙江的人文风情和社会发展。

他将他眼中的浙江和对中非关系的看法记录了下来。

非洲毛里求斯的女士们在浙江“白茶之乡”安吉溪龙，向当地的茶艺师以及种茶人学习茶艺以
及种茶的技能。

 夏鹏飞 摄 图
A group of women from Mauritius, Africa, visit a tea plantation in Anji, Zhejiang, to learn the
white-tea expertise. Anji produces white tea, which is different from green tea, black tea, etc.
而在另一方面，越来越多的中国人感受到非洲文化，包括音乐、舞蹈、服装和面具。

事实上，只要去义乌国际商贸城（里面还设有非洲进口商品馆）以及广州的多个商品市场看看，你就能感受到非洲文化商品在中国的影响力。

所有这一切来自何处？
中国与非洲是人类文明的摇篮，中非友谊绵延数千年。

历史记载，古代中国与非洲大约在公元前130年左右就有所接触。

据记载，公元400年，埃及人曾来到中国，在7世纪到15世纪期间，中非贸易蓬勃发展。

据说，埃及艳后克利奥帕特拉女王钟爱丝绸制成的锦衣华服，而这些绫罗绸缎很可能来自中国。

后来，满载丝绸、陶瓷和铜钱的中国船只访问了如今位于东非的索马里和肯尼亚。

所以说，中非之间的“文化热恋”源远流长。

但随着15世纪中叶欧洲殖民列者相继对非洲进行殖民扩张，中国与非洲的直接接触被迫中断。

随之而来的，是非洲历史上的黑暗时期，非洲人民失去了土地、身份和国家主权。

19世纪五六十年代，非洲开始摆脱殖民统治获得独立，中非之间的实质性合作与文化交流才得以恢复。

在谈到中国和非洲之间日益增长的友谊时，周恩来总理曾经表示：不光要介绍我们的文化，也要学习人家的文化。

北京外国语大学因此开设亚洲和非洲语言专业，其中包括非洲的斯瓦西里语和豪萨语。

这些举措促使中国可以更好地了解非洲文化。

1963年12月到1964年2月，周恩来总理访问非洲十国。

之后，以文化合作与交流为一大重点的中非合作强劲增长。

埃及不仅是首个与中国建立外交关系的非洲国家，而且还是首个与中国签署文化合作协定的非洲国家。

中国与非洲之间的文化交流已然取得长足发展，而文化合作也正是《中非合作论坛-北京行动计划（2019-2021）》所格外重视的。

行动计划规定，通过执行政府间文化协议、在非洲开设更多中国文化中心，探索文化产业合作的各种可能性，以积极推动中国-非洲文化交流深入发展。

而另一项对中非未来的文化合作有长足影响的便是中国的“一带一路”倡议，这一定会让非洲受益匪浅。

“一
带一路”倡议远远超越经济贸易范畴，还侧重关注社会、文化、环保等方方面面。

事实上，非洲已成为实施“一带一路”倡议的关键地区。

通过加入丝绸之路剧院联盟、丝绸之路国际博物馆友好联盟和丝绸之路国际艺术节联盟等，非洲将获得各种振奋人心的机遇。

至于我的国家南非，我经常会出席中国驻南非使馆和其他非政府机构等举办的丰富多彩的文化活动。

中国与南非在2000年4月签订了文化交流协议。

协议签订以来，中国和南非的文化合作与交流正在日益加强。

过去几十年，中国与非洲的文化合作与交流已经深入到省一级。

浙江东
格特·格罗布勒近照。

 
A recent photo of Gert Grobler in Jinhua
在南非约翰内斯堡一座运动馆内，一名选手参加武术比赛。

 新华社发
An African athlete competes in a Wushu event at a sports stadium in Johannesburg, South Africa.
塞内加尔一名学生在听写汉字。

 新华社发
A student in Senegal is writing a Chinese word in dictation.
部沿海城市，在经济、文化、教育领域方面取得巨大成就，她在全球文化合作中的影响力也值得期待，特别是跟非洲之间日益发展的交流合作。

杭州、宁波、金华、温州等城市已经与非洲的南非、埃塞俄比亚与摩洛哥等国签署了协议。

二
作为浙师大非洲研究院的研究员，
我个人有幸目睹了浙师大
与非洲之间若干文化交
流项目的开展。

这些项目
影响深远，其中一些还
有望推动中非关系扎实
向前发展。

比如，浙师大非洲研
究院在中国高等教育界
率先全面研究非洲，助
推非洲的地区、社会、经
济等方面的发展。

研究
院的各项研究和活动集
中在政治关系、国际关
系、经济、教育、历史和
文化方面。

通过这些研
究和活动，研究院将继
续发起项目、开展研究、出版刊物和书
籍，对中非合作作出积极贡献，增进教
育、文化、民间合作、电影和媒体的相
互了解。

浙师大非洲研究院的非洲影视研
究中心就是文化合作的典范。

该中心开
展了多项有意义的文化活动，包括“非
洲电影之夜”。

在每周举办一次的“非
洲电影之夜”里，中国和非洲师生观看
非洲电影，展开深入讨论。

中心每年
举办一次“中非影视合作论坛”，旨在
为中非电影的学术和产业各领域的沟
通铺路架桥，推动更多的合作与共同
制作。

除出版学术刊物之外，中心还制作
了《非洲人在义乌》六集大型公共外交
纪录片。

这是中非电影工作团队首次合
作完成的纪录片，讲述非洲人在中国的
生活与工作。

这部纪录片已在中国中央
电视台四频道向全球观众播放，同时
也登陆非洲多个电影节，并且在坦桑
尼亚、赞比亚和其他非洲国家的电视台
播放。

作为来浙师大不久的非洲人，我前
所未有地强烈感受到中国和非洲之间
因共同命运而结成的兄弟情谊。

这一情
谊的基础是我们相似的历史经历、患
难见真情的友谊，以及共同面对的发展
挑战。

在浙师大非洲研究院的工作和生活
告诉我，中非有着友谊和合作的真诚情
感。

回到非洲之后，我将告诉非洲人民，
为了中非的亲密友谊，为了让中非的文
化热恋开花结果，浙江正在行动。

China and Africa:
A “Cultural Love Affair”
A Perspective from Dynamic Zhejiang Province
By Gert Grobler
Ambassador Gert Grobler is a former senior diplomat in the South African Department of International Re-lations and Cooperation (DIRCO), and Ambassador of South Africa to Spain, Japan and Madagascar. He is currently attached as a Senior Research Fellow to the Institute of African Studies at the ZJNU in Jinhua.
It was with great excitement that I ar-rived from South Africa recently to take up a post at the reputable Institute of Afri-can Studies, at Zhejiang Normal Universi-ty in Jinhua.
So here I was, from far away Africa, in Zhejiang Province with its beautiful
landscapes, rich cultural history, abundant
resources and thriving economy. Recently
I visited Hangzhou and I stood in awe, ad-
miring the beauty and serenity of a sunset
over West Lake.
No wonder that Zhejiang Province with
its long history and rich culture, is known
abroad , as “ a land of fish and rice, home
to silk and tea, a destination of rich culture
heritage and a paradise for tourists ”!
After a few weeks in China, I once
格特·格罗布勒在浙师大非洲研究院开设讲座。

Gert Grobler gives a lecture at the Institute of African Studies of the ZJNU.
again realized that the world is indeed be-coming increasingly integrated and inter-dependent. Furthermore, cultural exchang-es are an imperative, in creating goodwill, mutual respect and understanding, moving towards closer cooperation and a shared common destiny.
Fortunately cultural cooperation and exchanges have become a common occur-rence globally. An exemplary example of this is the growing cultural cooperation between Africa and China through an ever expanding friendship, partnership and mutual efforts. In fact, Chinese culture al-ready has a strong footprint on the African continent and Africans love the wise, rich and colorful aspects of Chinese culture. China has over past six to seven decades increasingly established cultural exchanges and cooperation agreements with dozens
of African countries. It is encouraging to witness the proliferation of Chinese cultur-al manifestations in various parts of Africa via the rising number of Chinese aid and cooperation projects, Confucius Institutes, Chinese language schools and the regular occurrence of traditional medicine, acu-puncture, acrobatics and martial arts ac-tivities and of course Chinese food outlets and restaurants.
On the other hand, an increasing number of Chinese people today have a much great-er awareness of African culture, its music, dance, costumes and masks. One simply has to visit the exciting markets like the Small Commodity Wholesale Market in the inter-national trade City of Yiwu and its African Imports Emporium as well as markets in Guangzhou to witness the impact of African “cultural” goods in China.
Where did this all start? China and Af-rica are both the origins of ancient human civilizations and both China and Africa, as the “cradle of all humankind “, have made significant contributions to the progress of human civilization. The friendship between China and Africa has a history of several thousand years .It has been often recorded that China in ancient times had established contact with Africa at approximately 130 BC. It is further documented that the Egyp-
tians reached China in 400 AD and in the
period from the 7th to 15th century, healthy
economic exchanges took place. It is said
that the Egyptian queen Cleopatra was very
fond of silk garments which most likely
had its origin in China. Later Chinese boats
laden with silk, chinaware and coins visited
ports in east Africa in modern day Somalia
and Kenya! So the “cultural love affair”
between China and Africa is indeed a long-
standing and growing one. However this di-
rect contact ended in the mid 15 the century
when the European colonial powers em-
barked on its forced imperialist occupation
of Africa .What ensued was a dark era of
African history, characterized by the loss of
land, identity and sovereignty. It was only
after the founding of the People’s Republic
of China in 1949 and after Africa had begun
to rid itself of the burden of colonialism in
the 1950‘s and 1960’s, gaining their inde-
pendence, that substantive cooperation, as
well as cultural exchanges, between China
and Africa were actively resumed.
Given the growing friendship between
China and Africa, Premier Zhou Enlai inter
alia said that attention should be given to
the languages of Africa to show respect for
Africa‘s culture, pride and national identity.
The Beijing Foreign Studies Institute began
to teach Asian and African languages such
as Swahili and Hausa which increasingly
built bridges to Africa‘s culture. In the wake
of a ten-country visit by Prime Minister
Zhou Enlai to Africa in December 1963
and February 1964, Chinese cooperation
with Africa showed growing momentum,
with strong focus on cultural cooperation
and exchanges. Not only was Egypt the
first country to enter into diplomatic rela-
tions with China but also the first country
to sign a Cultural Cooperation Agreement
with this country.
Vast progress has thus been made with
cultural cooperation which features prom-
inently in the encouraging Action Plan
of the important Forum on China -Africa
Cooperation (FOCAC) Beijing Action Plan
(2019 -2021) which makes provision for the
active advancement of China-Africa cultur-
al exchanges through the implementation
of inter-governmental cultural agreements,
opening more Chinese culture centers in
Africa and exploring the possibilities of co-
operation in cultural industries.
Another highly constructive aspect re-
garding the future of cultural cooperation
is China’s commendable Belt and Road
Initiative (BRI) from which Africa stands 在南非比勒陀利亚举办的非物质文化遗产展示活动上，“汴京灯笼张”的第七代传承人之一张俊涛（左）的小灯笼吸引了当地小朋友。

新华社发
A Chinese lantern maker surnamed Zhang, a certificated master of intangible cultural heritage, demonstrates some tiny lanterns to two African children at an exhibition in Pretoria, South Africa.
to benefit greatly. The BRI goes beyond economic and commercial realms and also focuses on social, cultural and environ-mental and many other dimensions. In fact, Africa has now become a key region for the implementation of the BRI. Exciting opportunities will be also presented to en-hance cultural cooperation through Africa’s participation in the Silk Road International League of Theaters, the Silk Road interna-tional Museum Alliance and the Network of Silk Road Art festivals.
As far as my own country is concerned, I often participated in many colorful and exciting cultural events and activities in South Africa involving the Embassy of China, and a host of non-governmental institutions etc. A Cultural Agreement was signed in April 2000 and particularly since then Chinese and South African cultural cooperation and exchanges are growing from strength to strength.
Over past decades, the cultural cooper-ation and exchanges between China and Africa have flowed over to provincial level. The result is that cultural cooperation is thriving at all government levels with a multitude of partnership and cooperation agreements having been concluded .Given the dynamic economic, social, cultural and educational achievements of Zhejiang prov-
ince, it was to be expected that Zhejiang
Province would be a key player in promot-
ing cultural cooperation globally but also
increasingly with Africa. Zhejiang Province
and cities like Hangzhou, Ningbo, Jinhua,
Wenzhou, to name a few ,have established
cooperation arrangements with countries,
provinces and cities abroad , also in Africa
in countries such as South Africa, Ethiopia
and Morocco.
As a foreign research fellow at the Insti-
tute of African Studies at Zhejiang Normal
University (IASZNU), I have personally
witnessed some impactful cultural exchange
programs between IASZNU and Africa.
Some efforts are really promising in push-
ing the China-Africa relationship forward.
For example, IASZNU, the first Institute
for comprehensive African studies in Chi-
na’s higher education has and will continue
to play, a key role in contributing to China’s
foreign policy and strategy in Africa as well
as regional, social and economic develop-
ment. It is also a key link contributing to
stronger ties between Zhejiang Province
and the continent. Through its focused re-
search and activities in various sectors such
as political relations, international relations,
economy, education, history and culture,
IASZNU continues to initiate projects, re-
search and publications which contribute
constructively to the growing cooperation
between China and Africa as well as a bet-
ter mutual understanding on education, cul-
ture and people to people cooperation , film
and the media.
An excellent example of practical cul-
tural cooperation, is the Center for African
Film and TV Research under IASZNU
which fosters many meaningful cultural
programs including the African Movie
night, where Chinese and African teachers
and students watch an African movie once a
week and have meaningful discussions. The
Center also holds a biannual Forum on Chi-
na-Africa Film and TV cooperation which
aims to bridge the academic and industrial
spheres of film in China and Africa, to boost
more cooperation and co-production. Other
than its academic publications, the center
has also produced a 6-episode documentary
film titled Africans in Yiwu, which has been
acclaimed as the first documentary film
co-directed by a team of Chinese and Af-
rican filmmakers, focused on the presence
of Africans in China. This film has shown
on CCTV-4 internationally, and at the same
time has premiered in African film festivals,
and broadcasted on TV in Tanzania, Zambia
and other African countries.
As a newly arrived African at ZJNU in
Jinhua in the remarkable Zhejiang province,
I strongly sense the “fraternal bonds of a
shared destiny” between China and Africa,
more than ever, which is based on our sim-
ilar historical experiences and ordeals, our
“friend in need” relationship as well as our
common development challenges. I realize,
based on my stay here at IASZNU, that
China and Africa have forged “a real and
sincere feeling” of friendship and cooper-
ation. The constructive role that Zhejiang
Province, its government, educational insti-
tutions and its people are playing “to bring
our respective civilizations closer together”
and to nurture the blooming China and
Africa “cultural love affair”, is a message
I will take home with me to Africa, when I
eventually return.
来自刚果（布）的留学生在浙江东阳体验木雕创作。

　胡扬辉 摄
A group of students from the Republic of the Congo have a hands-on experience of woodcarving in Dongyang, a city in central Zhejiang.。