大学英语四级(2013年12月考试改革适用)模拟试卷228(题后含答案及解析)

大学英语四级（2013年12月考试改革适用）模拟试卷228(题后含答
案及解析)
题型有：1. Writing 2. Listening Comprehension 3. Reading Comprehension 4. Translation
Part I Writing
1．Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay about the importance of a harmonious dormitory life. You should state the reasons and write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
正确答案：The Importance of A Harmonious Dormitory Life As a college student, dormitory life is an inevitable topic on campus. A harmonious dormitory life plays an essential part in our college life. A good relationship with your roommates ensures a ideal learning and sleeping environment. But sometimes the harmony in the dormitory can be disturbed in one way or another. There are several contributing factors for this. In the first place, everyone grows up in different family and social background, which leads to their different personalities and living habits. In the second place, as an individual, college students have formed different values and outlook on life. They have their own ideas and feelings. In the third place, as the only child in their family, many students are spoiled by their parents. They never know what the tolerance is. In conclusion, in order to maintain a harmonious dormitory life, you have to get rid of your bad habits. It is important to learn how to tolerate each other and share with each other. Only in these ways can we build a harmonious dormitory life for the sake of good study and good life.
解析：该作文话题“宿舍生活和谐的重要性”贴近大学生的生活，是考生很熟悉的一个话题。

考生可根据自己的实际体验构思作文，写作的重点应放在造成不和谐的原因上。

作文可分为三段：第一段引出话题；第二段分析不和谐的原因；第三段给出建议。

Part II Listening Comprehension
Section A
听力原文：(1) The US Justice Department is suing the German carmaker V olkswagen which has admitted fitting emission cheating software to millions of vehicles. The lawsuit accused VW of causing excessive pollution harming public health and cheating consumers. “The civil complaint is the latest episode in the scandal that is threatened to engulf what was the world’s largest automaker until last year when the cheating allegations emerged. The Environmental Protection Agency says thousands of tons of excess nitrogen oxide were emitted from V olkswagen diesel
cars as a result of software that activated pollution controls only when the vehicles were being tested. (2) The lawsuit covers around half a million cars, but VW has admitted installing the devices on 11 million. “1. What is the V olkswagen?2. How many cars are covered by the lawsuit?
2．
A．Automaker.
B．Icemaker.
C．Wholesaler.
D．Bread maker.
正确答案：A
解析：新闻开头提到，美国司法部将起诉德国大众汽车制造商。

故选A。

3．
A．Half a million.
B．Half a billion.
C．A million.
D．A billion.
正确答案：A
解析：新闻结束时提到，这场诉讼涵盖了50万辆车。

故选A。

听力原文：(3) Three years ago, after 20 children and 6 adults were shot dead at a school in Connecticut, President Obama said he would do all in his power to prevent similar mass shootings in the future by tightening gun control. In his final year in office, Mr. Obama is trying again, this time bypassing political opposition by using his executive powers. He set out his plans in an emotional speech at the White House surrounded by family members of people killed in some of the massacres that have taken place during his presidency. (4) Fort Hood. Binghamton. Aurora. Oak Creek. Newtown. The Navy Yard. Santa Barbara. Charleston. San Bernardino. Too many. The President emphasized he respected The Second Amendment rights to bear arms but he said he was determined to act.3. What effort will Obama make in order to prevent mass shootings?4. Which place have suffered from the massacres?
4．
A．He will make laws.
B．He will tighten gun control.
C．He will punish those shooters harshly.
D．He will forbid people holding guns.
正确答案：B
解析：新闻开头提到，三年前20名儿童和6名成年人死于康涅狄格州校园枪击案，奥巴马总统由此宣布他将利用自己的权力竭尽所能地加强枪支控制，避免类似群体枪击事件再次发生。

故答案选B。

5．
A．Santa Barbara.
B．Fort Bragg.
C．San Francisco.
D．New York.
正确答案：A
解析：由新闻可知，胡德堡、宾厄姆顿、奥罗拉、奥克里克、纽敦、海军制造厂、圣塔芭芭拉、查尔斯顿、圣贝纳迪诺等许多地方都曾遭受过群体枪击事件。

故选A。

听力原文：The German chancellor Angela Merkel has condemned as poignant a wave of sexual assaults on women (5) during New Year celebrations in Cologne. (6) About 90 women say they were attacked. Similar incidents on a smaller scale also took place in the cities of Hamburg and Stuttgart. Eyewitnesses report chaotic scenes with dozens of crying women sworn at and attacked by gangs of aggressive drunk men. (7) One eyewitness says there were too few police officers for situation that was clearly out of control. The attackers are described as seemingly of North African appearances. Anti-migrant campaigners say this proves Germany is letting in too many refugees but officials say there is no evidence that the men were asylum-seekers.5. When did the wave of sexual assaults on women happen?6. How many women were attacked?7. Is there any police officer for situation?
6．
A．At Christmas’s Eve.
B．At the beginning of December.
C．During New Year celebrations.
D．At the middle of November.
正确答案：C
解析：新闻开头提到，德国总理安格拉.默克尔对科隆新年庆祝活动中发生的性侵妇女案表示强烈谴责。

由此可知，这起性侵妇女案发生在新年庆祝中。

故选C。

7．
A．About 18.
B．About 80.
C．About 19.
D．About 90.
正确答案：D
解析：新闻中提到，大约90名妇女声称曾被侵犯。

故选D。

8．
A．Many.
B．Too few.
C．None.
D．Not clear.
正确答案：B
解析：一名目击者在新闻中提到，当地的警察太少了，不能完全控制明显失控的场面。

故选B。

Section B
听力原文：M: So, Shona, (8)we both say that we love running. Why do you like to run?W: Well, actually, you know, I could only run for like a minute or so years ago, but I just noticed such and affect on my mood and it just completely lifted my mood, and I was like really, really happy afterwards, a runner’s high, and like you know, the more I got used to it and the more I could run, the happier I got, and it’ s just like, it was basically down to that, it was like an emotional thing, rather than anything else. M: Wow, that’s interesting because you know I’ m exactly the same way. Like, people think that I run because it’ s a chore and I want to stay fit, or I want to lose weight, (9)but actually it’s all mental. I look forward to running every day. W: Yeah.M: I never feel like, “Oh, I have to go running.” W: Cool. It’s like an addiction kind of in a way. M: Yeah, I think so. It does something for your moods, but when you run, now do you like to run with people or do you like to run alone? W: No, (10)I like to run alone, completely. I mean, I’ve tried it like friends and stuff but they’re either too quick for me or too slow for me. I like to go at my own pace. So, it’s the same with anything, you know. I much prefer to do things alone, I don’ t know if that’ s a good or bad thing. What about yourself? Do you prefer to go alone or...? M: No, (10) I think exactly what you said. I have a hard time running with other people. They either are faster than you and you have a hard time keeping up, or they’ re slower than you and you can’t really run.8. What do the two speakers talk about?9. Why does the man like running?10. Who likes running alone?11. What’s the relationship between the two speakers?
9．
A．Running.
B．Jogging.
C．Yoga.
D．Swimming.
正确答案：A
解析：根据对话第一句可知，男士说我们都喜欢跑步并问女士为什么喜欢跑步。

由此可知，男士和女士讨论的话题是跑步。

故选A。

10．
A．For a chore.
B．For staying fit.
C．For losing weight.
D．For mental health.
正确答案：D
解析：对话中男士说他的情况和女士一样，别人以为他跑步是在例行公事，是为了保持健康，或者是为了要减肥，但其实他跑步是为了心理健康。

故选D。

11．
A．Only the woman.
B．Only the man.
C．Both the man and the woman.
D．Neither the man nor the woman.
正确答案：C
解析：对话中女士说她喜欢独自跑步，虽然她不知道这是件好事还是不好的事，但是男士说他也喜欢独自跑步。

故选C。

12．
A．Friends.
B．Couples.
C．Father and daughter.
D．Boss and employee.
正确答案：A
解析：根据对话内容判断，两人关系应为朋友。

故选A。

听力原文：M: So, you are pretty in tune with global warming. (15) You are pretty in tune with the environmentally conscious. What do you do to do your part for helping protect the environment? W: Yeah, well, I think I do quite a bit. (12)I grew up in an area that’s really environmentally conscious. Oregon is pretty environmentally conscious, (13)so I recycle. It’s pretty easy to recycle in Oregon. They just pick it right up at your house. You don’t have to separate it. They separate it for you, so I recycle as much as I possibly can. M: But maybe those are traditional things. Do you do anything sort of more advanced or more modem than just recycling? W: Well, one thing: (13) I recently bought a hybrid car. M: A hybrid car. W: Yeah.M: What’s a hybrid car? W: So (14)it is a car that basically gets better gas mileage because what my car does is I have to put gas in it. I have to put gas in it but (14) when I break it takes the energy created by the heat from the breaking and it charges the battery, and then the battery can help power the car, so (13) it’ s half gasoline, half-just electric energy from the battery. M: Really. Electric and gas. W: Yeah.M: Really interesting. So do you have to charge the car at night? Do you have to plug it in or anything like that? W: No, my car just by breaking it charges the battery completely. Occasionally, I’ve heard of some people that if they leave their car for like a year or something they have to go back and (14) they’ll have to plug in the battery and it will charge up, but
for the most part I don’t have to do very much at all.12. Where is the woman’s hometown?13. Which one of the following is NOT the measure taken by the woman to help protecting the environment?14. What’s a hybrid car?15. What do the two speakers talk about?
13．
A．Oregon.
B．Alabama.
C．California.
D．Ohio.
正确答案：A
解析：对话中女士说她在一个环保意识非常强的地区长大，俄勒冈州的环保意识非常强。

故选A。

14．
A．She does the recycle.
B．She separates the trash.
C．She bought a hybrid car.
D．She uses electronic and gas for her car.
正确答案：B
解析：对话中男士询问女士在保护环境方面做了哪些努力，女士回答说她会做垃圾循环利用，并且也提到她买了一辆混合动力车，这辆车使用的是电力和汽油。

垃圾分类并不是女士做的，而是别人做的。

故选B。

15．
A．It basically gets worse gas mileage.
B．It needs to be charged at night.
C．It only charges the battery.
D．It’s half gasoline, half-just electric energy from the battery.
正确答案：D
解析：对话中女士回答说混合动力车更省油，当然也要加油。

混合动力车也要加油，不过在刹车时它能利用刹车所创造出来的热量为电池充电，这样电池就能辅助为汽车提供动力，所以混合动力车是一半用汽油一半用电池提供电能。

并且混合动力车晚上不需要充电，通过刹车创造的热量为电池充电。

故选D。

16．
A．Global warming.
B．Environmentally conscious.
C．Physical health.
D．A hybrid car.
正确答案：B
解析：在对话中开头虽然提到全球变暖，但整篇对话围绕环保意识展开，女士分别举出垃圾回收和她购买的更加环保的混合动力车的例子。

故选B。

Section C
听力原文：In the 1970s, a typical Chinese student in the U. S. was there for a master’s or doctoral degree. They were then followed by students pursuing undergraduate degrees. (17)Now, Chinese are the largest international group in US kindergarten-through-12th grade, or K-12, programs of study. November statistics show that 34,578 Chinese students were studying in primary and secondary schools in the US, or 52 percent of all international students there. Five years ago, the number was 8,857, according to The Wall Street Journal. It cited statistics from the Student and Exchange Visitor Program, a Department of Homeland Security unit that tracks foreigners in the US on student visas and the schools they attend. (16) At The Brook Hill School in Bullard, Texas, the number of Chinese students grew from six to 20 in the past six years, the maximum allowed from one foreign nation. (18) One of the reasons for many Chinese students studying in US schools is to escape the gaokao, China’s national entrance examination, and the fierce competition that comes with it. The other motivation is to get prepared for US colleges. “More younger Chinese students choose to go to US high schools, as more parents believe that this leads to a better education if their kids finally choose to go to US universities and colleges,”said Yu Haoyang, founder of Global Intellect Consulting in Beijing. “They believe that US high schools offer better English-language and cultural training, and it is easier for their kids to master these skills and become more competitive,” she said.16. What do we learn about the passage?17. Which foreign country has the most students in US K-12 programs of study?18. Which is not a reason for Chinese students to study in the US?
17．
A．More and more Chinese students choose to study in the US.
B．All the oversea students in the US are Chinese.
C．Most of the oversea students are forced to study in the US by the fierce competition.
D．China has a bigger influence on the US.
正确答案：A
解析：短文中间提到，在德克萨斯州布拉德的布鲁克希尔中学，六年前中国留学生只有6名，现在增长至20名，达到了一国增长数量的最高限制数额。

由此不难推测，越来越多的中国学生选择去美国留学。

故选A。

18．
A．China.
B．India.
C．Japan.
D．Mexico.
正确答案：A
解析：短文中提到，在美国的K—12学习计划中，中国人是最大的国际群体。

故选A。

19．
A．To escape the gaokao.
B．To get prepared for US colleges.
C．To get a better education.
D．To find a decent job in the future.
正确答案：D
解析：短文中提到，许多中国学生在美国上学是为了逃避高考和随之而来的激烈的竞争，其他原因还包括为在美国上大学做准备，从而获得更好的教育。

短文中并未提到与体面的工作相关的信息，故选D。

听力原文：China’s Supreme People’s Court (SPC) on Wednesday approved the death sentence for (19) a postgraduate student charged with poisoning his roommate after reexamining the victim’s cause of death. (19) Lin Senhao, a student at Shanghai’s prestigious Fudan University, used N-Nitrosodimethylamine, a chemical compound taken from a university lab, (20) to contaminate a water dispenser in his dormitory on March 31, 2013. Prosecutors argued that Huang Yang, his roommate, drunk the tainted water and this caused him to die of organ failure on April 16. Huang’s father told Beijing-based The Mirror newspaper that “I support the court’s decision and I’m glad my son has gotten justice.” Lin Zunyao, Lin’s father, told the West China City Daily on Wednesday that “after I received notice (of the death sentence), I did not slept for the whole night. ““There are lots of questions about the case,” he added. In June, Lin’s lawyer Xie Tongxiang claimed that Huang might have died from an allergic reaction to a drug. Xie submitted seven application letters to the SPC, requesting a reexamination of the victim’s cause of death. “If Huang died of poison, why were no metabolic substances related to the chemical compound found in his system? Several liver disease and forensic experts have said that Huang’s symptoms did not correspond with the poison, but were consistent with drug-induced hepatic disease, drug allergies or acute viral hepatitis B,” Xie claimed in a letter. (21) The Shanghai No. 2 Intermediate People’s Court convicted Lin of intentional homicide in the first trial and sentenced him to death in February 2014.19. What do we know about Lin Senhao?20. When did this homicide case happen?21. What judgement did Lin Senhao receive from the court?
20．
A．He was looked down upon by Huang Yang.
B．He was murdered by his roommate.
C．He is a postgraduate student in Fudan University.
D．He was lived in a single-parent family.
正确答案：C
解析：短文中提到，林森浩是上海名校复旦大学的一名研究生，而黄洋(林森浩的室友)是被其谋杀的对象。

短文中并未提到林森浩成长在单亲家庭，故选C。

21．
A．2011.
B．2012.
C．2013.
D．2014.
正确答案：C
解析：短文提到该案发生于2013年3月31日。

由此可知，这个案件发生在2013年，故选C。

22．
A．Life imprisonment.
B．Freedom from charge.
C．Death penalty.
D．Ten years in prison.
正确答案：C
解析：短文最后提到，上海第二中级人民法院于2014年2月认为林森浩故意杀人罪名成立并处以死刑。

故选C。

听力原文：(22) Eating with a fork instead of a spoon can help you lose weight, new research suggests. A study by the University of Florida found that using a fork and eating from smaller, less fancy, and even paper plates will help prevent overeating. It also claims that putting mirrors in your dining room will help weight loss because they actually make junk food taste worse. Lead scientist, Dr Ata Jami of the University of Central Florida, said;”A glance in the mirror tells people more than just about their physical appearance. “(24) It enables them to view themselves objectively and helps them to judge themselves and their behaviors in a same way that they judge others. The mirrors were found to push the subjects to compare and match their own behaviors with accepted social standards. The study’s authors believe it proves that people don’t want to look in the mirror when they feel that they are now adhering to those social standards. (23) When they do look in the mirror, feelings of discomfort and failures are enhanced. Therefore, (24) the presence of the mirror induces a discomfort and lowers the perceived taste of unhealthy food. But, this is only the case if the person selects the food they are eating because they are responsible for that choice. (25) The study suggests that mirrors be placed in dining rooms and other eating spaces so people will start eating more healthily. The study was published in the Journal of the Association for Consumer Research.22. What can help you lose weight?23. What happens when people look into the mirror?24. Which
is not the meaning of the presence of the mirror in the passage?25. Where should the mirror be placed to make people eat more healthily?
23．
A．Eat with a fork.
B．Eat with a fork and a spoon.
C．Eat with a spoon.
D．Eat with a fork or a spoon.
正确答案：A
解析：短文开头提到，新的研究表明用叉子吃东西比用勺子吃东西更能帮助减肥。

故选A。

24．
A．Their feelings of discomfort and failures are enhanced.
B．Their feelings of comfort and successes are enhanced.
C．Their feelings of discomfort and flavor are enhanced.
D．Their feelings of comfort and taste are enhanced.
正确答案：A
解析：短文中提到，当人们照镜子时，不适感和失败感会增强。

故选A。

25．
A．It helps people to judge themselves and their behaviors in a same way that they judge others.
B．It enables people to view themselves objectively.
C．It induces a discomfort and lowers the perceived taste of unhealthy food.
D．It makes people have a bad view on others.
正确答案：D
解析：文中提到，镜子让人们更客观地看待自己，让人们用评价别人的方式来评价自己，让人不舒适并降低对垃圾食品的食欲，但没有提到镜子会让人对他人有不好的观点。

故选D。

26．
A．Behind the door.
B．In the restroom.
C．In the bedroom.
D．In the dining room and other eating spaces.
正确答案：D
解析：短文最后提到，这项研究建议镜子放在餐厅或在其他吃饭的地方，这样人们就会开始健康地饮食了。

故选D。

Part III Reading Comprehension
Section A
With the world’s population estimated to grow from six to nine billion by 2050, researchers, businesses and governments are already dealing with the impact this increase will have on everything from food and water to infrastructure (基础设施) and jobs. Underlying all this【C1】______ will be the demand for energy, which is expected to double over the next 40 years. Finding the resources to meet this demand in a【C2】______ and sustainable way is the cornerstone (基石) of our nation’s energy security, and will be one of the major【C3】______ of the 21st century. Alternative forms of energy-bio-fuels, wind and solar, to name a few are【C4】______ being funded and developed, and will play a growing【C5】______ in the world’s energy supply. But experts say that even when【C6】______ , alternative energy sources will likely meet only about 30% of the world’s energy needs by 2050. For example, even with【C7】______ investments, such as the $ 93 million for wind energy development【C8】______ in the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act, important alternative energy sources such as wind and bio-fuels【C9】______ only about 1% of the market today. Energy and sustainability experts say the answer to our future energy needs will likely come from a lot of【C10】______ both traditional and alternative.A) stable I) exactlyB) solutions J) consistC) significant K) compriseD) role L) competitionsE) progress M) combinedF) marvelous N) challengesG) included O) certainly H) growth
27．【C1】
正确答案：H
解析：分析该句的句子结构可以推断出空格处应为名词。

本文第一句话提到，到2050年人口将增加30亿，而这会导致能源需求增长，备选项的名词中只有growth意为“增长”，符合题意。

28．【C2】
正确答案：A
解析：分析该句的句子结构可以推断出空格处应为形容词。

备选项中与sustainable意思相近的只有stable，意为“稳定的”。

29．【C3】
正确答案：N
解析：分析该句的句子结构可以推断出空格处应为名词复数。

备选项中只有solutions，competitions和challenges是名词复数，solutions意为“解决方案，应对措施”，competitions意为“竞争，比赛”，challenges意为“挑战”，该句是在讲寻找能源的事，所以被概括为一种挑战更为恰当。

30．【C4】
正确答案：O
解析：分析该句的句子结构可以推断出空格处应为副词。

备选项中exactly 和certainly是副词，前者意为“恰好是，精确地”，后者意为“确实，当然”，该句是在强调一种事实，即风能和太阳能确实正在投资和开发中，故答案选certainly。

31．【C5】
正确答案：D
解析：分析该句的句子结构可以推断出空格处应为名词单数。

备选项中的role经常与play搭配，构成固定词组play a role in，意为“在……发挥作用”，此处role的意思是“作用”。

32．【C6】
正确答案：M
解析：分析该句的句子结构可以推断出空格处应为非谓语动词作状语。

备选项中只有included和combined符合，前者意为“被包括”，后者意为“被结合”，该句大意是把这些可替代能源放在一起使用，所以combined更符合题意。

33．【C7】
正确答案：C
解析：分析该句的句子结构可以推断出空格处应为形容词。

由下一句中投资9 300万美元开发风能可知，开发可替代能源的投资是非常巨大的，备选项中只有significant意为“大量的，可观的”，符合题意。

34．【C8】
正确答案：G
解析：分析该句的句子结构可以推断出空格处应为非谓语动词做development的后置定语。

这里是指用于开发风能的9 300万美元被包括在美国复苏和再投资法案中，备选项中只有included意为“被包括”，符合题意。

35．【C9】
正确答案：K
解析：分析该句的句子结构可以推断出空格处应为动词复数形式。

该句大意是一些非常重要的可替代能源，例如风能和生物燃料，在如今的能源市场中只占1％的比例，备选项中接近此意的只有comprise，意为“构成，占”。

36．【C10】
正确答案：B
解析：分析该句的句子结构可以推断出空格处应为可数名词复数或不可数名词。

备选项中名词就只剩solutions和competitions，前者意为“解决方案”，后者意为“比赛，竞争”，该句是在说解决能源需求的方法，因此solutions符合题意。

Section B
Hate Your Job? Here’s How to Reshape It[A] Once upon a time, if you hated your job, you either quit or bit your lip. These days, a group of researchers is trumpeting a third option: shape your job so it is more fruitful than futile.[B] We often get trapped into thinking about our job as a list of things to do and a list of responsibilities, “says Amy Wrzesniewski, an associate professor at the Yale School of Management. “But what if you set aside that mind-set?” If you could adjust what you do, she says, “who would you start talking to, what other tasks would you take on, and who would you work with?”[C] To make livelihoods more lively, Wrzesniewski and her colleagues Jane Dutton and Justin Berg have developed a methodology they call job-crafting. They’re working with Fortune 500 companies, smaller firms and business schools to change the way Americans think about work. The idea is to make all jobs—even mundane (平凡的) ones—more meaningful by empowering employees to brainstorm and implement subtle but significant workplace adjustments.Step 1: Rethink Your Job—Creatively[D] “ The default some people wake up to is dragging themselves to work and facing a list of things they have to do,” says Wrzesniewski. So in the job-crafting process, the first step is to think about your job holistically. You first analyze how much time, energy and attention you devote to your various tasks. Then you reflect on that allocation (分配).[E] Take, for example, a maintenance technician at Burt’s Bees, which makes personal-care products. He was interested in process engineering, though that wasn’t part of his job description. To alter the scope of his day-to-day activities, the technician asked a supervisor if he could spend some time studying an idea he had for making the firm’s manufacturing procedures more energy-efficient. His ideas proved helpful, and now process engineering is part of the scope of his work.[F] Barbara Fredrickson, author of Positivity and a professor of psychology at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, says it’s crucial for people to pay attention to their workday emotions. “Doing so,” she says, “will help you discover which aspects of your work are most life-giving and most life-draining.”[G] Many of us get stuck in ruts (惯例). Berg, a Ph. D. student at the Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania who helped develop the job-crafting methodology, says we all benefit from periodically rethinking what we do. “Even in the most constraining jobs, people have a certain amount of wiggle room,”he says. “Small changes can have a real impact on life at work.”Step 2: Diagram Your Day[H] To lay the groundwork for change, job-crafting participants assemble diagrams detailing their workday activities. The first objective is to develop new insights about what you actually do at work. Then you can dream up fresh ways to
integrate what the job-crafting exercise calls your “strengths, motives and passions”into your daily routine. You convert task lists into flexible building blocks. The end result is an “after”diagram that can serve as a map for specific changes.[I] Ina Lockau-V ogel, a management consultant who participated in a recent job-crafting workshop, says the exercise helped her adjust her priorities. “Before, I would spend so much time reacting to requests and focusing on urgent tasks that I never had time to address the real important issues.” As part of the job-crafting process, she decided on a strategy for delegating and outsourcing (外包) more of her administrative responsibilities.[J] In contrast to business books that counsel managers to influence workers through incentives, job-crafting focuses on what employees themselves can do to re-envision and adjust what they do every day. Given that according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, it now takes the average job seeker more than six months to find a new position. It’s crucial to make the most of the job you’ve got.Step 3: Identify Job Loves and Hates[K] By reorienting (使适应) how you think about your job, you free yourself up for new ideas about how to restructure your workday time and energy. Take an IT worker who hates dealing with technologically incompetent callers. He might enjoy teaching more than customer service. By spending more time instructing colleagues—and treating help-line callers as curious students of tech—the disgruntled IT person can make the most of his 9-to-5 position.[L] Dutton, a professor at the University of Michigan’s Ross School of Business, says she has seen local auto-industry workers benefit from the job-crafting process. “They come in looking worn down, but after spending two hours on this exercise, they come away thinking about three or four things they can do differently.”[M] “They start to recognize they have more control over their work than they realized,”says Dutton, who partnered with Wrzesniewski on the original job-crafting research.Step 4: Put Your Ideas into Action[N] To conclude the job-crafting process, participants list specific follow-up steps: Many plan a one-on-one meeting with a supervisor to propose new project ideas. Others connect with colleagues to talk about trading certain tasks. Berg says as long as their goals are met, many managers are happy to let employees adjust how they work.[O] Job-crafting isn’t about revenue, but juicing up (活跃) employee engagement may end up beefing up the bottom line. Amid salary, job and benefit cuts, more and more workers are disgruntled. Surveys show that more than 50% aren’t happy with what they do. Dutton, Berg and Wrzesniewski argue that emphasizing enjoyment can boost efficiency by lowering turnover rates and jacking up productivity. Job-crafting won’t rid you of a lousy boss or a subpar salary, but it does offer some remedies for job dissatisfaction. If you can’t ditch or switch a job, at least make it more likable.
37．A long time ago when a person hated his/her job, he/she will resign or bear it.
正确答案：A
解析：题干大意：很久之前当一个人讨厌他或她的工作时，他或她要么辞职
要么忍受它。

由题干中“when a person hated his／her job，he／she will resign or bear it”可以定位到文中A段第一句话。

该句提到“很久以前，如果你讨厌你的工作，你要么辞职要么掩饰不满”，与题干相吻合。

38．Amy Wrzesniewski think job could be adjusted.
正确答案：B
解析：题干大意：Amy Wrzesniewski认为可以调整工作。

由题干中“Amy Wrzesniewski”“job could be adjusted”可以定位到文中B段最后一句话。

该句提到“你能够调整你做的事情”，与题干相吻合。

39．Your first thing to do in the job-crafting process is to think about your job wholly.
正确答案：D
解析：题干大意：在雕琢工作的过程中你要做的第一件事情是全面考虑你的工作。

由题干中“first thing to do in the job-crafting process”可以定位到文中D 段第二句话。

该句提到“所以在雕琢工作的过程中，第一步是全面思考你的工作”，与题干相吻合。

40．The idea of a maintenance technician at Burt’s Bees turned out to be helpful and energy-efficient.
正确答案：E
解析：题干大意：Burt’s Bees的一个维修技术员的想法最后证明是有帮助和高能效的。

由题干中“Burr’s Bees”“be helpful and energy-efficient”可以定位到文中E段最后一句话。

该句提到“事实证明，他的主意是有帮助的”，与题干相吻合。

41．Berg’s suggestion about work is to rethink and make small changes.
正确答案：G
解析：题干大意：Berg的工作建议是重新思考和做出小的改变。

由题干中“Berg’s”“rethink”“make small changes”可以定位到文中G段第二句话和第四句话。

第二句话提到“定期重新思考我们所做的事会让我们受益”；第四句话提到“一些小的改变对工作有真正的影响”，与题干相吻合。

42．According to Ina Lockau-V ogel, the benefit from job-crafting is that it helps her set priorities properly.
正确答案：I
解析：题干大意：据Ina Lockau-V ogel讲，雕琢工作的好处是帮助她合理安排她首先要做的事。

由题干中“Ina Lockau—V ogel”“helps her set priorities propedy”可以定位到文中I段第一句话。

该句提到“Ina Lockau-V ogel说这个训
练帮她调整了工作安排的优先顺序”，与题干相吻合。

43．According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the situation in job market is —it is difficult to find a job.
正确答案：J
解析：题干大意：劳工统计局的数据显示，劳动力市场的情形是——很难找到工作。

由题干中“Bureau of Labor Statistics”“it is difficult to find a job”可以定位到文中J段倒数第二句话。

该句提到“根据劳工统计局的统计，普通的求职者需要花费6个多月的时间找新工作”，与题干相吻合。

44．Dutton has seen that local auto-industry workers profit from the job-crafting process.
正确答案：L
解析：题干大意：Dutton已经看到当地汽车行业的工人从雕琢工作的过程中受益。

由题干中“local auto-industry workers profit from the job-crafting process”可以定位到文中L段第一句话。

该句提到“Dutton说她已经看到当地汽车厂的工人从雕塑工作的过程中受益”，与题干相吻合。

45．According to Berg, if the job-crafting process is successful, the supervisors are willing to let employees adjust what to do.
正确答案：N
解析：题干大意：据Berg看来，如果雕琢工作的过程成功的话，主管愿意让员工调整他们的工作。

由题干中“the supervisors are willing to let employees adjust what to do”可以定位到文中N段最后一句话。

该句提到“Berg说只要他们的目标被满足了，许多管理者很高兴让他们的员工调整自己的工作方式”，与题干相吻合。

46．If you can’t quit your job, using job-crafting may at least offer some remedies for job dissatisfaction.
正确答案：O
解析：题干大意：如果你不能辞职，使用雕琢工作的方法或许至少能弥补工作中不满意的地方。

由题干中“offer some remedies for job dissatisfaction”可以定位到文中O段倒数第二句话。

该句提到“雕琢工作的方法不会让你摆脱掉一个糟糕的老板或一份欠佳的薪水，但是它会弥补工作中让人不满意的地方”，与题干相吻合。

Section C
They say that sticks and stones may break your bones, but words will never hurt you. Yet childhood bullying really can damage your long-term health. Gone。