Module5-高一英语单词手册(外研版) Word版含解析

Module 5
【单词】
liquid /'lɪkwɪd/n. 液体expand /ɪk'spænd/vi. 膨胀contract
/'kɒntrækt/
vi. 收缩
substance
/'sʌbstəns/
n. 物质
mixture /'mɪkstʃə/n. 混合物oxygen /'ɒksɪdʒən/n.氧气electricity
/ɪˌlek'trɪsəti/
n. 电
stage /steɪdʒ/n. 阶段 ,时期conclusion
/kən'klu:ʒən/
n.结论
aim /eɪm/n. 目标 ,目的reaction /rɪ'ækʃn/n. 反响
electrical /ɪ'lektrɪkəl/adj. 与电有关的 ,用电的
equipment
/ɪ'kwɪpmənt/
n. 设备 ,装备
react /rɪ'ækt/vi. (化学 )反
响
potassium
/pə'tæsɪəm/
n. 钾
sodium /'səʊdɪəm/n. 钠
calcium /'kælsɪəm/n. 钙
magnesium /mæg'n i:zɪəm/n. 镁
aluminium
/ˌæljʊ'mɪnɪəm/
n. 铝
zinc /zɪŋk/n. 锌
partial /'pɑ:ʃl/adj. 局部的；局
部的
copper /'kɒpə/n. 铜
oxide /'ɒksaɪd/n. 氧化物
rust /rʌst/vi.生锈
boil /bɒɪl/vt. 煮 ,煮沸
ordinary /'ɔ:dnri/adj. 普通的 ,
平常的
steam /sti:m/n. 蒸汽 ,水气
float /flaʊt/vi. 漂浮
form /fɔ:m/vi. 形成
dissolve /dɪ'zɒlv/vt. 溶解,分
解 ,别离
balance /'bæləns/n. 天平
crucible /'kru:sɪbl/n. 坩锅
tongs /tɒŋz/n. (复)夹
子 ,小钳子
flame /fleɪm/n. 火焰
facility /fə'sɪləti/n. (常作复
数 )设备 ,工具
lecture /'lektʃə/n.演讲
department
/dɪ'pɑ:tmənt/
n. (大学的 )
科、系
astonished
/ə'stɒnɪʃt/
adj. 吃惊的 ,
惊愕的
【短语】
add…to…往……参加……used to过去(常
常)……
in the area of在……领域
be proud of为……感到骄傲/
自豪
be supposed to 理应 ,应当
【重点词汇精讲】
1. exist vi. 存在；实有；生存
(1) exist in 在于……
exist on 靠……生活/ 生存
(2) existence n. 存在 ,生存
come into existence 产生 ,出现
in existence 现存的 ,现有的
bring……into existence 使……出现 ,产生
①The idea exists only in the minds of poets. 这种想法是诗人才有的 .
②He exists on rice and water.
他考吃米饭和水过活 .
③When did the world come into existence?
世|界是什么时候产生的 ?
④This is the oldest Hebrew manuscript in existence.
这是现存最|早的希伯来语手稿 . 3. conclusion n. 结论；结束
(1) arrive at/come to/draw/reach/lead to a conclusion得出结论
jump to a conclusion 匆忙下结论
make a conclusion下结论
brig… to a conclusion 使……结束
in conclusion最|后；总而言之
(2) conclude vt.下结论；推断；结束
conclude from…从……中断定
conclude with 以……结束
to conclude 最|后
conclusive adj. 据定性的 ,最|终的
①I have come to/ reached/ arrived at/ drawn a conclusion that he is not the right person for the job.
我断定他不适合做此项工作 .
②In conclusion, I'd like to say how much I have enjoyed myself today.最|后 ,我想说我今天玩得非常开心 .
③What do you conclude from that?
你从那件事中得出什么结论 ?
④Those are the facts; what do you conclude
from?
这些都是事实 ,你能从中得出什么结论 ?
⑤In conclusion/ To conclusion, I would like t thank everybody who helped me.
最|后 ,我要感谢所有帮助过我的人 .
4. aim n. 目标 ,目的；瞄准v. 对准目标；打算；旨在；目的是
(1) with the aim of...为了……
without aim漫无目的地
one's aim is to do...某人的目标是……
achieve one's aim到达目的；实现目标
miss one ,s aim 达不到目的 ,打不中目标
take aim(at...)瞄准(……)
(2) aim...at...用……瞄准/对准……
aim to do sth./aim at doing sth.旨在做…… ,打算做……
be aimed at...旨在……；目的在于
aimless adj. 无目的的 ,无目标的
aimlessly = without aim 无目的地 ,无目标地
①What is your aim in life ?
你生活的目标是什么 ?
②The main aim of the course is to improve your writing.
这门课程的主要目的是提高你的写作能力 .
③He went to Beijing with the aim of finding a job.
他去北京是为了找工作 .
④The hunter took aim at the lion and fired. 猎人瞄准狮子并开了枪 .
⑤My brother aims to be a novelist. 我哥哥立志要成为小说家 .
⑥The hunter aimed his gun at the bird but did not shoot.
猎人把枪对准了那只鸟但并没有开枪 .
⑦Obama is aiming to reduce the unemployment by 50% in 2021.奥巴马正力求在2021年使失业人数下降50% .
⑧Aiming at a more comfortable life ,the couple worked hard and took on more part­time jobs.为了过上更舒适的生活 ,这一对夫妇努力工作 ,并且承当了更多的兼职工作 .
⑨He didn't answer ,with his gun aiming at David.
他没有答复 ,把枪瞄准了戴维 .
⑩The measures are aimed at stopping the river from being further polluted.
这些措施旨在阻止河流遭受进一步污染 .
5. react v. 反响 ,起作用 ,反对
(1) react to 对……作出反响 ,起反响
react on/upon对……有影响
react with与……产生化学反响
react against反对；对抗
(2) reaction n. 反响；起作用(常与介词to连用) in reaction to 对……的反响
have a reaction with 与……起反响
①The public reacted strongly to the news.
公众对那条新闻反响强烈 .
②Iron reacts with water and air to produce rust.
铁与水和空气起化学反响而生锈 .
③Children tend to react against their parents by going against their wishes.
孩子们倾向于违背父母的愿望来对抗父母 .
④Applause reacts upon a speaker.
(听众的)鼓掌对演讲人会有影响 .
⑤What was his reaction to the news?
他对这个消息有何反响 ?
7. form vt. & vi. 形式；养成n. 形状；表格；形式
(1) in the form of 以……形式
take the form of 采取……形式
fill in/out a form 填表格
be in/ out of form 处于良好/ 不良的状态
(2) form the habit of 养成……的习惯
form into 组成…… ,编成……①As they chatted, the idea of spending holiday together gradually formed.
他们聊天时 ,一起度假的想法慢慢形成了 .
②I have formed the habit of getting up early since I became a senior high school student. 自从我成了高中生我就养成了早起的习惯 .
③Water exists below zero in the form of solid. 水在零度以下以固体的形式存在 .
④Please fill in/out the form before going into the hall.
进入大厅前需填表 .
8. balance n. [C]天平；[U]平衡v. 权衡；使平衡；处理好
(1) keep/lose one's balance保持/失去平衡keep a balance(between...and...)保持(……与……之间的)平衡
break the balance破坏平衡
make up the balance补足差额
on balance总的来说
keep the balance of nature保持生态平衡
out of balance 失去平衡
(2) balance A against B 权衡/比拟A与B
(3)
a balanced diet均衡饮食
①She tries to balance home life and career. 她力图兼顾家庭生活和事业 .
②He kept his balance with his arms on the wall. 他将双臂抵在墙上以保持平衡 .
③Try to keep a balance between work and relaxation.
尽量保持工作与休闲均衡 .
④You have to balance the advantage of living in a big city against the disadvantages.
你必须权衡住在大城市的利与弊 .
⑤I lose my balance and fell on my face.
我失去了平衡 ,脸着地摔倒了 .
⑥You have to balance the advantages of living downtown against the disadvantages.
你必须权衡住在市中|心的利弊 .
⑦People have learnt the importance of keeping
a balanced(balance)diet to satisfy their nutritional needs.
人们已经意识到为了满足营养的需要保持平衡饮食的重要性 . 10. add...to...把……添加到……
(1) add to增加；增添
add up加起来
add up to加起来到达
add in包括；加进
add on加盖；增加；附加
(2) add that... 补充说……
(3) addition n. 加 ,加起来；增加物
in addition 另外
in addition to 除……之外
①Add some milk to coffee.
在咖啡里加点牛奶 .
②The bad weather added to our difficulties. 坏天气增加了我们的困难 .
③Add up all the figures and find out what they add up to.把这些数字加起来 ,弄清楚总计是多少 .
④Before you finish the total ,please add in these new figures.
计算总数时 ,请把这些新数字也加进去 .
11. used to 过去经常 ,以前常常
(1) There used to be...过去常常有……
(2) be/get used to (doing) sth.习惯(做)某事be used to do sth.被用来做……
be used for用于
①I used to stay up late, but I don't do it any more.
我过去常常熬夜 ,但是我现在不再熬夜了 .
②There used to be an old temple here.
这儿过去曾有一座古庙 .
③The boy soon got used to the school life. 这个男孩很快就习惯了学校生活 .
④Wood can be used to make tables.
木头可以被用来制作桌子 .
⑤More rooms will be used for the reception. 会有很多房间用于接待 .
辨析：used to/would
used to: 表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态 ,暗含现在不那样了
would: 单纯指过去常做某事 ,不含与现在的比拟的意思
⑥People used to believe that the earth was flat.
过去 ,人们总以为地球是扁平的 .(现在已不再这样认为)
⑦He would go to the park as soon as he was free. 过去 ,他一有空就去公园 .(现在有可能再去)
13. be supposed to do sth.被认为；应该；理应be supposed to have done sth. 本应该做某事(1) suppose＋sb.＋(to be)＋adj./n.认为某人……
(2)
(3) I don't suppose that...我认为……不……(否认前移)
(4) 疑问词＋do you suppose＋陈述句 ? "你认为…… ?〞(do you suppose为插入语)
①We are supposed to help each other.
我们理应相互帮助 .
②Everyone is supposed to wear a seat belt in the car.
坐车时每个人都应系平安带 .
③All of his friends supposed her to be his wife.
他所有的朋友都以为她是他的太太 .
④I don't suppose that I'll be back until nine in the evening.
我认为我在晚上九点之前回不来 .
⑤ -It's going to be fine this evening.今晚一切都会好的 .
-I suppose so.我想会的 .
【晨读9】
How to create a rocket balloon
To create a rocket balloon, you'll need the following items: a balloon (any size), a piece of string (10 to 25 feet), a straight drinking straw (吸管), tape.
First, you have to create a "track〞 for the rocket balloon to run on. You begin by tying one end of the string to a tree, post, chair, or any other strong support. Then slide (使滑动) the free end of the string through the drinking straw. Tie the other end of the string to another support (generally at the same height). Make sure the string is taut(绷紧的) when tied down.
Move the straw to one end of the string. Fill the balloon with air. Hold the neck tightly to keep it full. Using two pieces of tape to attach the balloon to the straw. The mouth of the balloon should point toward the nearest support. Then release the balloon and watch it go!
When the mouth of the balloon is held closed, the air in the balloon has nowhere to go, so it pushes back to keep the balloon's shape. However, since the mouth is open when you release it, the air has somewhere to go. The air pushes out the mouth of the balloon. Since the air is now moving, the rocket balloon also moves. This follows Newton's Third Law of Motion (for every action there's an equal and opposite reaction)．
There is friction (摩擦) between the string and the straw, but the straw is made of material that's smooth and the weight of the balloon and straw is light, so the overall frictional force is very small.
It is the same when rockets work. They burn fuel to push matter out the back forcefully. The rocket moves in response to this. Since a rocket weighs much more than a balloon, of course, it takes more fuel to get it moving.
【晨读10】
Laboratory safety rules
Science is a hand s­on laboratory class. You will be doing many lab activities which may need the use of chemicals or equipment. To make sure of a safe science classroom, we provide you with a list of rules. These rules must be followed at all times.
GENERAL GUIDELINES
1. Never work alone. No student may work in the lab without a teacher present.
2. When first entering a lab, do not touch any equipment, chemicals, or other materials in the lab until you are asked to do so.
3. Do not eat, drink, or chew gum in the lab. Do not use lab glassware as containers for food or drink.
4. Know the positions and operating procedures of all safety equipment, including the first­aid kit and the fire extinguisher. Know where the fire alarms and the exits are.
5. Check the labels on chemical bottles twice before removing any of the chemicals. Take only as many chemicals as you need.
6. Most chemicals in the lab are considered to be dangerous. Do not touch, taste, or smell any chemicals unless specifically asked to do so.
7. At the end of your experiment, clean everything carefully and return your equipment to where you got it. Wash your hands with soap and water after performing all experiments.
WHAT TO WEAR
1. Dress properly during a lab activity.Long hair must be tied back and shoes must completely cover the feet.
2. Contact lenses should not be worn in the lab unless you are allowed by your teacher.
3. Any time chemicals, heat, or glassware is used, students will wear lab goggles. Nobody should break this rule!
ACCIDENTS AND INJURIES
1. Report any accident or injury to the teacher immediately.
2. If a chemical should get into your eye(s)or onto your skin, go to see a school nurse immediately.
练习13
1. 用exist的适当形式完成句子
(1) 别傻了 ,这种东西是不存在的 .Don ,t be silly. _________________________________.
(2) 这个国|家于1951年诞生 .___________________________________________
2. 用contract翻译句子
(3) 在签署之前 ,你应该仔细阅读合同 .________________________________________
3. 用conclusion的适当形式完成句子
(4) 我看他是在撒谎 .I the conclusion that he had been lying.
(5) 最|后 ,我要感谢你们为我做的一切 .
__ , I'd like to thank you for all you've done for me.
(6) 从讨论中我们可以有把握地得出一些结论 .We can safely _ our discussion.
4. 用aim的适当形式完成句子
(7) 这些措施旨在防止暴力犯罪 .These measures preventing violent crime.
(8) 他用枪瞄准目标开火 , 却未打中 .He the target, fired and missed it.
(9)我的目标是在2021年底减少4公斤体重 .I'm _ 4 kg at the end of 2021.
(10) 为了通过入学考试 ,他努力学习 .He studied hard, _________________ the entrance exam.
5. 用适当的介词填空
(11) Many chemical substances react oxygen.
(12) Our eyes react the light.
(13) The students reacted the social system.
(14) What's the manager's reaction your suggestion?
6. 用ordinary/ common/ usual/normal填空
(15) The doctor said the child's temperature was .
(16) Smith is a very last name in England.
(17) She had an dress on.
(18) Yesterday morning she came into the classroom as .
7. 用form的适当形式完成句子
(19) 我已养成了早起的习惯 .I have _____________________________________.
如果你以问题的形式提出要求 ,那样会显得更有礼貌 .
(20) You ,d sound a lot more polite if you make a request _________________________.
练习14
1. 完成句子
(1) 小女孩失去了平衡 ,从平衡木上摔了下来 .
The girl ___ and fell off the balance beam.
(2) 人行道上结了冰 ,要想保持平衡不容易 .
It's difficult to _____ on an icy pavement.
(3) 你的权衡一下住在乡下的好处和害处 .
You have to _______________________________________________ against the disadvantages.
2. 用astonish的正确形式填空
(4) Her first novel enjoyed an __ success.
(5) To my _____ , it had completely disappeared.
(6) She looked __ when she heard the news.
3. 用add to/add up/add up to/add...to...填空
(7) your scores and see how many points you get.
(8) Fireworks the attraction of the festival night.
(9) How much does the bill ?
(10) If you 5 3, you get 8.
4. 用suppose的适当形式完成句子
(11) 你不可以在这栋建筑物内吸烟 .You smoke in this building.
(12) 人们认为他是一个伟大的科学家 .He _____ a great scientist.
5. 用used to/would填空
(13) He be a doctor, but now a writer.
(14) I sit under a big tree in front of my house as a boy.
(15) I go fishing on Sundays, but I am too busy to go fishing now.
完成句子
(16) 过去在冬季我们不常外出 .We much in the winter months.
(17) 我不习惯住在拥挤嘈杂的城市 .I in a crowded and noisy city.
(18) 竹子可用来建造房屋 .Bamboo can houses.
6. 句型转换
(19) He is proud that he is a teacher.
→He is proud of a teacher.→He is proud a teacher.
练习15
单句语法填空
1. Two -fifths of theland in that district __________(cover) with trees and grass.
2. The College Entrance Examination is around the corner, but we should keep a __________ (balanced) between study and relaxation.
3. I have no idea what my parents , __________(react) will be to my poor examination result.
4. As everybody knows, the _________(lazy) a person is, the more thins he needs to do tomorrow.
5. __________(aim) at improving the level of English, English Corner is held once a week.
6. Her ____________(astonish) expression suggested that she hadn ,t expected that result.
7. China Daily has nine websites in three languages, __________(form) Asia ,s biggest network of English -language news and information.
8. Good shoes, clothes and a backpack are the basic __________(equip) you need for your hiking.
9. At first, our company was very small, but after buying some smaller ones, it soon __________ (expand) into a large one.
10. Hearing the news, she felt a strange __________(mix) of excitement and fear.
11. I have reached a point in my life where I ___________(suppose) to make decision of my own.
12. We are proud ______ our achievements and hopeful about the future.
翻译句子
1. 上星期天|王老师发表的演讲是关于学习的 .(give a lecture)
_______________________________________________________________________________
2. 首|先 ,他告诉学生确立目标是必要的 .(it is + adj. + to do, set an aim)
_______________________________________________________________________________
3. 一些学生对此感到惊讶 ,因为他们过去认为学习不需要目标 .(be astonished, used to)
_______________________________________________________________________________
4. 其次 ,他说学生们应该养成好的学习习惯 ,比方：上课记笔记 .(be supposed to, form a good study habit). _______________________________________________________________________________
5. 再次 ,学生们应该多读书 ,因为读书可以使一个普通的学生博学 .(do more reading, make an ordinary student learned)
_______________________________________________________________________________
6. 最|后他提醒学生要合理膳食 .(keep a balanced diet)
______________________________________________________________________________
美文阅读
Passage 9
Blind Dad Watched Me Play Football
Bob Richard the former pole -vault champion, shares a moving story about a skinny young boy who loved football with all his heart. Practice after practice, he eagerly gave everything he had. But being half the size of the other boys he got absolutely nowhere. At all the games, this hopeful athlete sat on the bench and hardly ever played. This teenager lived alone with his father, and the two of them had a very special relationship. Even though the son was always on the bench, his father was always in the stands cheering. He never missed a game.
This young man was still the smallest of the class when he entered high school. But his father continued to encourage him, but also made it very clear that he did not have to play football if he didn ,t want to.
But the young man loved football and decided to hang in there. He was determined to try his best at every practice, and perhaps he ,d get to play when he became a senior. All through high school he never missed a practice or a game, but remained a bench warmer all four years. His faithful father was always in the stands, always with words of encouragement for him.
When the young man went to college, he decided to try out for the football team as a walk -on. Everyone was sure he could never make the cut, but he did. The coach admitted that he kept him on the roster because he always put his heart and soul into every practice, and at the same time, provided the other members with the spirit.
The coach put his arm gently around his shoulder and said, "Take me rest of the week off, son. And don ,t even plan to come to the game on Saturday.〞
Saturday arrived, and the game was not going well. In the third quarter, when the team was ten points behind, a silent young man quietly slipped into the empty locker room and put on his football gear. As he ran onto the sidelines, the coach and his players were astounded to see their faithful teammate back so soon.
"Coach, please let me play. I ,ve just got to play today.〞 said the young man.
The coach pretended not to hear him. There was no way he wanted his worst player in this close playoff game. But the young man persisted, and finally feeling sorry for the kid, the coach gave in.
"All right,〞 he said. "You can go in.〞
Before long, the coach, the players, and everyone in the stands could not believe their eyes. This little unknown, how had never played before was doing everything right. The opposing team could not stop him. He ran, passed, blocked, and tackled like a star. The score was soon tied.
In the closing seconds of the game, this kid intercepted a pass and ran all the way for the winning touchdown. The fans broke loose. His teammates hoisted him onto their shoulders.
Finally, after the stands had emptied and the team had showered and left the locker room, the coach noticed that the young man was sitting quietly in the corner all alone.
The coach came to him and said, "Kid, I can ,t believe it. You were fantastic! Tell me what got into you? How did you do it?〞
He looked at the coach,with tears in his eyes, and said, "Well, you know my dad died, but did you know that my dad was blind?〞 The young man swallowed hard and forced a smile, "Dad came to all my games, but today was the first time he could see me play, and I wanted to show him I could do it!〞词汇笔记
短语家族
slip into: 潜入
give in: 屈服 ,交 ,呈送
Passage 10
The Puppy with a Red Bow
She came into my life when I was eight years old. My dad found her at work. She was stray and starving. He took one look at her, and said, "Seems like you could use a good home.〞 He opened up the door to his pickup and she jumped in. Her tail wagged all the way.
I was still at school when dad arrived home with the puppy. Mom and dad fed her and gave her a bath. This would be my first pet.
I had always wanted a dog. My parents told me when I was old enough and responsible, I could have one, well, I guess they figured the time was right.
I hopped off the bus, not knowing what waited inside for me. I walked through the door, and to my surprise, a white and black puppy with a red bow stuck to her head greeted me with many puppy kisses.
A very special friendship was born that day.
Now she needed a name. My older brother laughed at her and said her tail was deformed. She didn ,t wag her tail back and forth, but went in a circle. He motioned his finger around his ear, and said, "She ,s squirrelly.〞 Thus my puppy, Squirrelly, got her name.
She was a smart dog. I taught her to play hide and seek. We would play for hours, spending our days learning and growing together.
Eleven years we were together, best of friends. Arthritis and old age set in on her. My parents knew what had to be done, but they stood back and let me find and make the decision myself.
She was suffering so much and the medicine didn ,t seem to help anymore. She could barely walk.
I looked into those deep brown eyes and realized it was time to let her go.
I carried her into the vet ,s office, placed her on the table. Squirrelly leaned her head forward, gave a lick to my hand. As if to say she understood and stayed strong. Her tail was wagging in that circle as it always did.
The vet gave her a sedative first, for the final shot was given on her front paw, and that was painful. She first went to sleep, but her tail still wagged. Then the vet asked before giving the final shot, "Are you sure?〞 With a heavy heart and tear filled eyes, I nodded yes.
The final shot was given. My eyes fixed upon her wagging tail. A matter of seconds and it stopped. The vet listened for a heart beat, and said, "It ,s over.〞 I wrapped her up in her favorite blanket, and carried her out.
I took her home and buried her in the pasture, where she loved playing, and chasing rabbits. It was the hardest thing I had ever done.
I didn ,t go back to her grave for many years, but recently I went. Growing on her grave was a single wild flower. I sat and watched it swaying in the wind, and realized that it was swaying in a circle, just like Squirrelly. I know that, that special friend will be always with me.
词汇笔记
The children are colouring the circle. 孩子们正在给圆圈涂色 . 短语家族
make the decision: 作决定
Module 5
练习13
练习14
1. (1)lost her balance (2)keep your balance (3)balance the advantages of living in the country
2. (4)astonishing (5)astonishment (6)astonished
3. (7)Add up (8)add to (9)add up to (10)add...to...
4. (11)are not supposed to (12)is supposed to be
5. (13)used to (14)would (15)used to (16)didn't use/used not to go out (17)am not used to living (18)be used to build
6. (19)being; to be
练习15
单句语法填空
1. is covered
2. balance
3. reaction
4. lazier
5. Aimed
6. astonished
7. forming
8. equipment
9. expanded 10. mixture 11. am supposed 12. of
翻译句子
1. Last Sunday Teacher Wang gave a lecture on study.
2. First, he told the students that it was necessary to set a study aim.
3. Some students felt very astonished, as they used to think when studying, they didn ,t need an aim.
4. Second, he said students were supposed to form a good study habit, for example, taking notes
5. Next, students should do more reading, because reading can make an ordinary student learned.
5. Last, he warned students should keep a balanced diet.。