新农大英语专业语言学考试题

新农大英语专业语言学考试题
1. Traditional grammar regards the ________ form of language as primary, not the spoken form.
A. oral
B. written
C. writing
D. vocal
2. The front, close, not rounded, lax vowel is _______.
A. [æ]
B. [e]
C. [i]
D. [u]
3. The description of a language as it changes through time is a ______ study.
A. synchronic B diachronic C. prescriptive D. comparative
4. Which of the following words is entirely arbitrary?
A. tree
B. crash
C. typewriter
D. bang
5. Hyponyms of the same ______ are co-hyponyms.
A. word
B. lexical item
C. superordinate
D. subordinate
6. A ___ in the embedded clause refers to the introductory word that introduces the embedded clause.
A. coordinator
B. particle
C. preposition
D. subordinator
7. The words “sea”and “see”consist of _________.
A. full homonyms
B. complete homonyms
C. homographs
D. homophones
8. _______ is a typical tone language.
A. French
B. German
C. English
D. Chinese
9. _______ is not a suprasegmental feature.
A. Aspiration
B. Intonation
C. Stress
D. Tone
10. The famous quotation from Shakespeare's play “Romeo and Juliet”‘A rose by any other name would smell as sweet’well illustrates _______.( ) A. the conventional nature of language B. the creative nature of language C. the universality of language D. the big difference between human language and animal
11.Predication analysis is a way to analyze _______ meaning.
A. phoneme
B. word
C. phrase
D. sentence
12.The sentence that has a NP and a VP can be shown in a _______ formula "S→NP VP".( )
A. hierarchical
B. linear
C. tree diagram
D. vertical
13. _______ analysis of an utterance will reveal what the speaker intends to do with it.
A. pragmatic
B. semantic
C. syntactic
D. phonetic
16. Transformational Generative Grammar was introduced by _______ in 1957.
A. L. Bloomfield
B. F. Saussure
C. N. Chomsky
D. M. A. K. Halliday
17. Of the following items, which one does not belong to the same syntactic category?
A. the student
B. liked
C. an idea
D. the linguistic lecture
18．The sentence “If you do that again, I’ll beat you to death.”belongs to the illocutionary act of _________.
A. representatives
B. directives
C. commisives
D. declarations
19. The kind of antonymy between “married”and “single” is one of __________
A. converseness
B. relational opposites
C. complementarity
D. gradable opposites
20. According to Austin , a speaker, while making an utterance, is in most cases performing _______ acts simultaneously.
A. two
B. three
C. four
D. five
21. The words that contain only one morpheme are called ______.
A. bound morphemes
B. affixes.
C. free morphemes
D. roots
22. Syntactic movement is dictated by rules traditionally called ______
A. phase structure rules
B. syntactic rules
C. lexical rules
D. transformational rules
23. The naming theory was proposed by ______.
A. the Greek scholar Plato
B.
C.K. Ogden and I.A. Richards
C. the British linguist J. Firth
D. the American linguist L. Bloomfield
24. ______is the study of language in relation to the society.
A. Psycholinguistics
B. Sociolinguistics
C. Linguistics
D. Semantics
25“Sweets”and “candy”are used respectively in Britain in and America, but refer to the same thing. The words are ______ synonyms.
A. collocational
B. dialectal
C. complete
D. stylistic
26. "Can I borrow your bike?" ___ "You have a bike."
A. is synonymous with
B. is inconsistent with
C. entails
D. presupposes
27. ___ refers to a marginal language of few lexical items and straightforward grammatical rules, used as a medium of communication.
A、Lingua franca
B、Creole
C、Pidgin
D、Standard language
28. Psychologists, neurologists and linguists have concluded that, in addition to the motor area which is responsible for physical articulation of utterances, three areas of the left brain are vital to language, namely, ___ .
A. Broca's area, Wernicke's area and the angular gyrus
B. Broca's area, Wernicke's area and cerebral cortex
C. Broca's area, Wernicke's area and neurons
D. Broca's area, Wernicke's area and Exner's area
29. According to Krashen, ___ refers to the gradual and subconcious development of ability in the first language by using it naturally in daily communicative situations.
A. learning
B. competence
C. performance
D. acquisition
II Directions: Indicate the following statements True or False (1%×10=10%).
1. Modern linguistics is mostly prescriptive.
2. “Jack likes the apple”is a two-place predication.
3. Phonological rules are not language specific, i.e. once proved to be valid, they can be applied to all languages.
4. A grammatically well-formed sentence is always semantically well-formed.
5. It is obvious that the standard variety of language is the correct form of language.
6. Human linguistic ability largely depends on the structure of their vocal cords.
7. Phonetically similar sounds might be related in two possible ways: phonemic contrast and complementary distribution.
III. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word. Note that you are to fill in ONE word only (1%×10=10%).
1. Language can be defined as a system of ______ vocal symbols used for human communication.
2. To satisfy the needs of the phoneticians in the study of speech sounds, a set of symbols called ________are added to broad transcription to show the more subtle differences between similar sounds.
3. The clause into which another clause is embedded is called a _______ clause.
4. ________ analysis is based on the belief that the meaning of a word can be dissected into meaning components, called semantic features.
5. _______ is regarded as constituted by all kinds of knowledge assumed to be shared by the speaker and the hearer.。