牛津译林英语8A Unit1 Friends知识点

牛津英语8A Unit1 Friends 知识点整理
一、重点词汇和短语
1. 喝(吃)的东西something to drink/eat
2. 更多一些食物some more food
3. 没有任何别的东西nothing else
4. 一个八年级学生 a Grade 8 student
5. 写信给某人(有关有事/某人)write to sb. (about sth./sb.)
6. 举办一次写作/绘画比赛hold a writing/drawing competition
7. 愿意/乐意做某事be willing to do sth. = be ready/glad to do sth.
8. 在任何时候（at）any time
9. 给需要座位的人让座give seats to people in need
10.环球旅行travel around the world
11.和….. 一样as… +(形容词或副词原级) + as ….
不如……not as/so…+ (形容词或副词原级) + as ….
= less …+ (形容词或副词原级) +.. than….
12.保守秘密keep a secret / keep secrets
13.使我快乐make me happy
让我笑make me laugh
14.走过walk past …. = pass…
15.把….撞翻knock … over (代词放中间)
16.告诉某人某事tell sb sth
告诉某人有关某事tell sb about sth
17.讲笑话tell (funny) jokes
开某人的玩笑play a joke on sb
18.说某人的坏话say a bad word about sb
19.近视have poor eyesight
20. (富)有幽默感have a (good) sense of humour
21.因为/由于because of
22.感到无聊/不开心feel bored/ unhappy
23.相信他说的话
believe what he says/his words/the words he says
24.对某人很大方be generous to sb.
25.投票给某人/投票选举某人vote for sb.
26.努力（不）做某事try (not) to do sth.
尽力做某事try/do one’s best to do sth.
27. A和B两者都….both A and B….
28.所有的这些户外活动all of these outdoor activities
29.倾听人们的难题listen to people’s/others’ problems
帮助人们解决难题help people solve problems
30.一个社会工作者 a social worker
31.与某人交朋友make friends with sb.
32.高兴做某事be happy to do sth.
33.分享某人的快乐share one’s joy
34.面带微笑wear a smile on one’s face
35.同意某人的意见（或所说的话）agree with sb.
同意某件事（计划，安排等）agree to sth.
经过协商在某件事在达成一致agree on sth.
同意做某事agree to do sth.
36.在左边的那个男孩the boy on the left
37.希望做某事hope to do sth
38.在将来in the future
39.你们杂志的一个读者 a reader of your magazine
40.在午餐期间during lunchtime
41.给某人提意见give sb some advice
42.对….很了解know …very well=know much/a lot about…
43.在某事上有困难have some problems with sth.
做某事有困难have some problems (in) doing sth.
44.在隔壁next door = in the next room/flat/house
45.帮助某人做某事help sb with sth/ help sb (to) do sth
46.有机会互相见面get to see each other
47.有齐肩的直发have straight，shoulder-length hair
48.一个诚实的男孩an honest boy
49.解决问题solve the problems = work out the problems
50.看起来爱好运动look sporty
51.跑步最快的人the fastest runner
52.正确地回答问题answer questions correctly
53.有一个像艾伦那样的朋友have a friend like Alan
54.总体外貌general appearance
55.感到害羞feel shy
56.独自坐在操场上sit alone on/in the playground
57.搬到某地move to spl
58.一次愉快的旅行 a pleasant journey/trip
59.过来come over
60.一双明亮的,笑眯眯的眼睛 a pair of bright, smiling eyes
61.一张方脸 a square face
62.因…..而出名be famous for….
作为…..而出名be famous as…..
63.计划去做某事plan to do sth
64.说谎tell lies
65.我最好的朋友之一one fo my best friends
66.对......有耐心be patient with......
二、重要语言点解析
1. have something to drink喝点东西→to drink动词不定式作定语
〈用法拓展〉have something to eat吃点东西
have a lot of homework to do有许多作业要做
2. have some more food 再有/要些食物
〈知识链接〉some more＋不可数名词或名词复数形式，more是many/much的比较级，意为“再，又”
some可以更换为基数词, 比如：two more boys = another two boys
〈用法拓展〉⑴基数词＋more＋名词复数＝another＋基数词＋名词复数
3. nothing else 没有别的东西
〈知识链接〉
⑴不定代词分类：⑴表示人：somebody/someone, anybody, nobody/no one, everybody/everyone
⑴表示物：something, anything, nothing, everything
⑴不定代词用法：
⑴不定代词作句子主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，none除外。

如：None of them speaks English. 他们当中没有一个会讲英语。

None of the telephones is working.所有的电话都坏了。

⑴不定代词的修饰语一般要放在不定代词之后。

如：不定代词＋形容词，不定代词＋不定式。

something interesting 有趣的事情
something to eat 吃的东西
⑴else通常放在不定代词与疑问词之后，比如：
⑴somebody/anybody/nobody/something/anything/nothing else
⑴somewhere/anywhere else
⑴ what/who/where/ else
⑴someone else’s, anyone else’s 别人的，不能写成someone’s else, anyone’s else。

4. read an advertisement看广告
⑴ read阅读，常用于阅读书报、杂志、广告、传单等。

Eg. read English, read newspapers, read comic books (看连环漫画)
⑴ read除了用人作主语，表示“阅读”之外，还可以用有文字的东西作主语，表示“读起来”、“写着”、“内容是”。

比如：
⑴This doesn’t read like a child’s composition. 这读起来不像是孩子的作文。

⑴Her letter reads as follows…...她的来信的内容如下…。

5. keep secrets / keep a secret 保密
keep secrets for sb 替某人保密
in secret＝secretly秘密地
secret agent特工
secretary秘书
Eg. Careful planning is the secret of success.
仔细计划是成功的诀窍。

6. make me happy 使我高兴
→make使得；让make sb/sth＋adj. 使……如何
⑴What he said made me sad.
⑴What makes your friend so special?
⑴That Chang’e No. 1 Satellite was sent into space successfully made Chinese exciting.
用法拓展:
⑴make sb do sth让/使某人做某事→sb be made to do sth某人被迫做某事，类似的还有：
⑴hear sb do sth→sb be heard to do sth
⑴have sb do sth→sb be had to do sth
⑴be made in＋某地在某地制造
⑴be made of... 由……制成(能看到原材料，发生物理变化)
⑴be made from… 由……制成(不能看到原材料，发生化学变化)
7. share my joy 分享我的快乐
share sth with sb 与某人分享某物，与某人合用某物
8. have problems 有问题
⑴have problems with sth ＝have difficulty with sth 在某方面有问题
⑴have problems (in) doing sth ＝have difficulty (in) doing sth 做某事有困难
⑴have problems with sb 和某人有矛盾
9. believe what he/she says 相信他(她)说的话
⑴what sb say/says/said 某人说的话
⑴believe sb 相信某人
⑴believe sth 相信某事是真的
believe in sb＝trust sb 信任某人(建立在长期“相信”的基础上)
10. hold a writing competition 举行写作比赛
hold/have a …competition 举行一次…比赛(竞赛)
比如：hold a drawing competition举行绘画比赛
⑴hold举行＝have，比如：hold/have a sports meeting举行运动会
⑴be held＝take place 被举行
比如：Our school sports meeting is held/takes place in October every year.
我们学校运动会在每年的10月份举办。

11. tell you about my friend Betty 给你讲讲我朋友贝蒂的事
tell sb about sth/sb 告诉某人有关某事(某人)的情况
如：Would you please tell us about your visit to Beijing?
你能告诉我们关于你去北京的旅行吗？
12. one of my best friends 我的一个最好的朋友
注意：one of/among＋the/物主代词＋名词复数，作主语时谓语用单数，“最……中的一个”。

比如：The Changjiang River is one of/among the longest rivers in the world.
长江是世界上最长的河流之一。

13. be willing to do sth 乐意(愿意)做某事
willing 乐意的；愿意的→ unwilling不情愿的
→willingly 愿意地→ willingness (n) 心甘情愿
比如：I’m quite willing to do anything for you.
我非常愿意为你做任何事情。

14. be ready to do sth 准备做某事
ready ⑴准备好的
Eg. Come on, dinner’s ready! 快过来，饭好了！
⑴愿意的
He’s always ready to help his friends. 他总是乐意帮助朋友。

注意：(1)be ready for sth / get ready for sth 为某事做好准备
Eg. Can you help me get everything ready for the party?
你能不能帮我把这次聚会准备妥当？
（2）Ready, go! (比赛口令) 预备－跑！
15.give seats to someone in need把座位让给需要的人
注意：(1)give seats to sb给某人让座,
(2)in need需要帮助的，常做后置定语。

eg. children in need 需要帮助的孩子
16. on the bus/train/plane在公交车/火车/飞机上
in the boat/ship在小船/轮船上
17. grow up 长大
Eg.What do you want to be when you grow up?
当你长大的时候你想做什么呢？
18. get to do sth 有机会做某事,常用于口语。

Eg. They got to know each other ten years ago.他们十年前认识对方。

〈用法拓展〉have got to do sth＝have to do sth 不得不，必须
Eg. It’s getting dark. We’ve got to go. 天色变晚了，我们得走了。

19. a wonderful friend called Max 一个叫马克斯的出色的朋友
注意：…called/named…
“一个叫…的…”，过去分词短语作后置定语修饰名词
⑴a boy called/named Tom一个叫汤姆的男孩
⑴a game called/named hide-and-seek一个叫捉迷藏的游戏
20. However, he has poor eyesight because of working on the computer too much at
night.
然而，因为他晚上用电脑太多，所以视力差。

have poor eyesight 视力差
because of… 因为…...
work on…操作…...
注意：however副词，常用于句首，与后面的句子用“逗号”隔开。

21. have a good sense of humour ＝be humorous 很有幽默感
注意：five senses五种感觉
sight视觉/ hearing听觉/ smell嗅觉/ taste味觉/ touch触觉
the sixth tense 第六感
22. knock our books and pens off the desks
把我们的书和钢笔从课桌上碰掉→knock. sth off…
注意：⑴knock sth over撞翻某物
⑴knock sb down撞倒某人
⑴knock on/at the door/window敲门/窗
23. think of my good friend想起我的好朋友
think of… 想到；想起；想出；(用进行时表示)想做……
⑴It’s good to think of the future. 想想未来是件好事。

⑴She often thinks of her home. 她常常想起她的家。

⑴He thought of a good plan.他想出一个好计划。

⑴I’m thinking of buying a piano.我想着/正想买一架钢琴。

〈用法拓展〉
①think about…思考(动词＋介词)
She’s thinking about what to say.她在思考该说什么。

②think…over仔细考虑(动词＋副词)
I’ll give you three days to think it over. 我将给你三天时间去考虑。

24. have straight, shoulder-length hair 留着直的齐肩的头发
〈知识链接〉⑴long长的→length长度
⑴high高的→height高度
⑴wide宽的→width宽度
⑴deep深的→depth深度
⑴strong强壮的→strength力量
25. a true friend 一个忠实的朋友
⑴true真实的；忠实的→ 反义词false 错误的（adj）
truth真相/事实(n)
truly真正地(adv)
He is true to his friends.他对朋友们忠诚。

⑴real实际的；真的(adj)
reality现实(n)
really真实地(adv)
The story was taken from real life. 这故事取材于现实生活。

〈用法拓展〉come true实现(注意：该短语中不能使用truly)
eg. His dream has come true.他的梦想已经实现。

26. say a bad word about sb说某人的坏话
Eg. He says a bad word about Jim. 他说Jim的坏话。

27. be generous to sb对某人慷慨
Eg. My teacher is always very generous to me.
我的老师经常对我非常慷慨。

28. vote for…投票选出，投票赞成
vote (n) 选票，投票，选举
(v) 投票（赞成）; 选举,选出
29. go hiking去远足→ go＋v-ing 去做某事
拓展：go swimming/camping/cycling/diving/skiing
去游泳/野营/骑车/潜水/滑雪
30. try to be kind to people 尽力对人们友善
try my best to help them尽力帮助他们
重要句型：try doing sth 尝试着去做某事
try to do sth 尽力去做某事情
try/do one’s best to do sth 尽全力去做某事情Eg. I try finishing the difficult task on time.
我尝试着去准时完成这份艰难的工作。

I try to finish the homework on time.
我尽力去准时完成家庭作业。

31. have problems with sth在…有困难
have problems (in) doing sth 做某事有困难
Eg. I didn’t have any problem (in) finding his home.
我在寻找他的家方面没有任何的困难。

I have problems with Maths.
我在数学学习方面有困难。

33. know…very well 对……很了解
Eg. I know him very well. 我对他非常的了解。

34. sit alone in/on the playground一个人坐在操场上
alone: (adj) 单独的，独自一人的（adv）独自
35. miss my old friends very much 非常想念我的老朋友
miss想念；错过
Eg. He ran very fast in order not to miss the early bus.
他跑的非常快，是为了不错过早班车。

miss doing sth 错过做某事
Eg. I miss watching the wonderful football match.
我错过去观看这精彩的足球比赛。

36. what to do 做什么
结构：疑问词＋动词不定式
注意区别：how to do it(怎样做这件事)
37. give me some advice给我提一些建议
⑴give/offer sb some advice/suggestions给某人提一些建议
⑴give sb some advice on sth给某人提有关某事的建议
38. both my best friend and my neighbour既是我最好的朋友又是我的邻居
(1)both…and… …和…(两者)都
(2)neither…nor…
…和…(两者)都不（两者全部否定，谓语动词遵循就近原则）
(3)not only…but also…不但…而且…
若连接两个成分作主语，其谓语通常与靠近的主语保持一致。

比如：
Not only you but also he has to leave. 不只是你，他也得离开。

(4)either…or…或者…或者… 表示两者中的任意一个，谓语动词遵循就近原则Eg. Either you or I am wrong. 不是你错了就是我错了。

(5)none of… (两者以上)都不
Eg. None of them is in the classroom. 他们中的每个人都不在教室。

39. wear a smile on one’s face 面带微笑
wear: ①穿着，佩戴
②呈现，流露出（…表情）
③磨损；用旧
Eg. His shoes began to wear. 他的鞋子开始磨损了。

短语拓展：
wear out v. 1.用坏，穿破2.（使）筋疲力尽，耗尽
词语辨析：wear,dress,put on
wear：最常用词，指穿衣、鞋袜或戴手套等，侧重穿戴的状态。

dress: 普通用词，指给自己或他人穿衣。

既表动作又可表状态。

put on:普通用语，指把衣服、鞋袜、帽子、手套等戴上去，侧重穿的动作
三、重点语法知识点
1. 形容词/副词的比较等级(1)—用法讲解
大多数的形容词都有三个级别：原级、比较级、最高级。

其中比较级表示“更……”，用于两者之间的比较，用来说明“前者比后者更……”，比较级前面一
般用much, even, a little修饰，其中even, much 只能修饰比较级。

最高级表示“最……”，用于三者及三者以上之间的比较，用来说明“某人或某物在某个范围内最……”
①形容词的比较级(-er)和最高级(-est)的构成
a.规则变化之口诀：直接加；去e加；双写加；变y加; more/ most
still, even, any, quite(a bit), almost, nearly, just, rather；a little, a bit；much, a lot, far, many；twice, ten times, one fourth, two pounds, three years
形容词的比较等级(2)—常见句型
①A=B
He is as tall as I/me. 他和我一样高。

He is as good a teacher as his father.他和他的父亲一样是个好教师。

②A≠ B
They didn’t do as/so much work as you did. 他们干得事没有你多。

I’ve never seen as/so old a car as this.我从来没有见过像这样旧的车。

③ A > B 或A < B
Tom is two years older than his brother. 汤姆比他的弟弟大两岁。

Our classroom is bigger than theirs. 我们的教室比他们的大。

④表示倍数:
This room is twice as large as that one. 整个房间是那房间的两倍大。

The earth is 49 times as big as the moon.地球是月球的49倍大。

⑤表示程度的递增
The days are getting shorter and shorter.白天变得越来越长了。

Our country is becoming more and more beautiful.
我们的国家变得越来越美了。

⑥表示两种情况同时变化
The more we get together, the happier we’ll be.=If we get together more, we’ll be happier.
我们聚得越多，我们就会越高兴。

The harder you study, the better you’ll be at English.= If you study harder, you’ll be better at English.
你学习越努力，你的英语成绩越好。

⑦
Beijing is one of the oldest cities in China.北京是中国最古老的城市之一。

⑧
Ann studies hardest of all the girls in our class.
安妮是我们班学习最用功的学生之一。

⑨
Lily is the taller of the twins.莉莉是这两个双胞胎中较高的那个。

⑩
He is taller than any other student i n his class.
他比他班级中其他的任何学生高。

= He is taller than any of the other students in his class.
= He is the tallest students in his class.。