北京市海淀区2019届高三高考二模英语试题 Word版含解析

海淀区高三年级第二学期期末练习
英语试题
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）
第一节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分, 共15分）
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。

在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

A
To me, the most beautiful thing is the ocean. It is beautiful because it has a calming effect. When ___1___ (listen) to the sound of the waves, I feel peaceful. ___2___ the age of 10, I went to the beach for the first time. With my feet in the water, I felt totally relaxed, and the sound of the ocean really ___3___ (comfort) me. From then on, I often dream of floating in the ocean, feeling carefree.
【答案】1. listening
2. At
3. comforted
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。

记叙了作者喜欢海洋，以及第一次去海边的感受。

【1题详解】
考查省略句。

句意：听着海浪的声音，我感到很平静。

在when, while, if, as if, though(或although), as, until, once, whether, unless, where等连词连接的状语从句中，常省略跟主句相同的主语和be动词。

本句完整应为When（I was）listening to the sound of the waves。

故填listening。

【2题详解】
考查固定短语。

句意：10岁的时候，我第一次去了海滩。

固定短语at the age of…“在……岁的时候”，故填At。

【3题详解】
考查动词时态。

句意: 我的脚在水里，我感到完全放松，和海洋的声音真的安慰我。

根据上文I felt totally relaxed可知应用一般过去时，故填comforted“安慰”。

B
Discovering yourself plays ___4___ important role in inspiring your confidence. By doing so, you could know ___5___you are weak in. And you may also realize you’re quite a great person
with great strengths. So when you’re in a hard situation, you will believe in ___6___ (you) and spend the most difficult time with confidence. Otherwise you may give up and then lose everything. Therefore, the ability ___7___ (trust) yourself will decide your future a lot.
【答案】4. an 5. what
6. yourself
7. to trust
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。

说明了发现自己对激发自信起着重要的作用。

【4题详解】
考查固定短语。

句意：发现自己对激发自信起着重要的作用。

固定短语play an important role in“起重要作用”，故填an。

【5题详解】
考查连接词。

句意：通过这样做，你可以知道你的弱点在哪里。

本句为宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，指事物，故填what。

【6题详解】
考查反身代词。

句意：所以当你身处困境时，你会相信自己，充满信心地度过最困难的时刻。

短语believe in oneself“相信某人自己”，根据上文you will可知填yourself。

【7题详解】
考查固定短语。

句意：因此，相信自己的能力将在很大程度上决定你的未来。

短语the ability to“有……的能力”，故填to trust。

【点睛】名词性从句关键在于三点：一、找准从句在主句中充当的成分即分出是名词性从句的主语句、宾语从句、表语从句还是同位语从句。

二、连接词从句中充当的成分（主、宾、定或状语或不做任何成分）三、弄清楚每个连接词的意义。

此外还要注意，近年来高考对于名词性从句的考查多从名词性从句的语序和连接词的用法区别上考查。

如第二小题，句意：通过这样做，你可以知道你的弱点在哪里。

本句为宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，指事物，故填what。

C
The year 2018 marks the 40th anniversary of China’s reform and opening-up. The past four decades has seen China shift its society from a farmers’ community to a digital culture ___8___
(successful). Under the leadership of CPC, many ___9___ (achievement) can be seen in every field. The life of the Chinese people has improved, with millions of people being lifted out of poverty. The country now has t he world’s ____10____ (large) high-speed rail network. And with around 800 million Internet users, China has become the world’s fastest-growing online shopping market. 【答案】8. successfully
9. achievements
10. largest
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。

主要说明了中国在过去四十年中各个领域所取得的成就。

【8题详解】
考查副词。

句意：在过去的四十年里，中国成功地从一个农民社区转型为数字文化社会。

shift 为动词需要副词修饰，故填successfully。

【9题详解】
考查名词的数。

句意：在中国共产党的领导下，各个领域都取得了许多成就。

achievement 为可数名词，由many修饰故填复数形式achievements。

【10题详解】
考查形容词最高级。

句意：中国现在拥有世界上最大的高速铁路网。

根据上文the world’s 可知应用形容词最高级，故填largest。

第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

I was studying chemistry at college because my family thought it was the key to success. One day, m y professor took me aside and asked a very simple question, “Why are you in my class when it’s obvious that you have little or no ___11___in chemistry?”
I came up with an explanation by ___12___ pressure from my dad but he knew it was just a /an ____13____ excuse. He gave me the following advice.
“Success can only be measured by oneself, and each of us is ___14___. Your success will not be the same as mine, as your neighbor’s or your parents’. There is no secret formula(公式), no examination you have to ___15___, and no guarantee, but there is a secret ingredient—___16___. To be successful in life in the broadest sense, you must pursue your passion. ___17___ it is fixing cars or exploring the world, you must be passionate about your ___18___ and set a path to achieve it. Only then will you find true ___19___.”
Since I was just nineteen years old, that was pretty profound advice to ____20____, but I knew instinctively (本能地) that he was ____21____. I made a conscious self-examination of my short life to ____22____ where my passion was hiding. It was so ____23____ that even my kid sister could have told me my true passion was music. It was in my genes. I could play the piano by ear, but had ____24____ considered music as a hobby.
Could I be a successful musician? Or a songwriter? Or a music critic? There was only one way to find out, so I took my professor’s ____25____and switched to the university’s music school. I studied harmony and composition, learned how to play a clarinet(单簧管) and ____26____ the symphony orchestra. I felt as though I was on top of the world, and that ____27____ has never left me.
I’m now fifty-four years old, and a very happy and ____28____ man. As I look at the walls of my small office, I still get a thrill at seeing the records I ____29____, the photos of the famous musicians I was lucky enough to play with, and the praises from many of the finest instrumentalists in the world who I am honored to call my friends.
Life was a long journey, and not a/an ____30____ one, but I followed my passion and succeeded.
11. A. achievement B. doubt C. interest D. belief
12. A. blaming B. gathering C. overcoming D. reducing
13. A. accurate B. weak C. direct D. innocent
14. A. different B. perfect C. honest D. creative
15. A. design B. pass C. control D. stand
16. A. knowledge B. confidence C. passion D. effort
17. A. Unless B. Because C. While D. Whether
18. A. study B. need C. goal D. gift
19. A. fortune B. friendship C. character D. happiness
20. A. confirm B. absorb C. remember D. seek
21 A. sensitive B. generous C. kind D. right
22. A. choose B. report C. discover D. follow
23 A. likely B. obvious C. popular D. practical
24. A. only B. even C. never D. seldom
25. A. message B. lecture C. advice D. view
26. A. helped B. started C. hosted D. joined
27. A. feeling B. experience C. expression D. appreciation
28. A. independent B. patient C. brave D. contented
29. A. bought B. made C. received D. copied
30. A. easy B. good C. ordinary D. safe 【答案】11. C 12. A 13. B 14. A 15. B 16. C 17. D 18. C 19. D 20. B 21. D 22. C 23. B 24. A 25. C 26. D 27. A 28. D 29. B 30. A
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。

作者大学时迫于家庭压力选择了化学课，教授看出作者对化学并没有兴趣，并给作者了一条建议那就是寻找自己的激情所在。

作者对自我进行了反省，最后发现自己真正热爱的是音乐，并转到了音乐学院。

并最终获得了成功，感悟到生活是一个漫长的旅程，并不容易，但作者追随激情，并取得了成功。

【11题详解】
本题考查语境判断之其他线索。

句意：很明显，你对化学几乎没有兴趣，或者根本不感兴趣，为什么还来我的课?A. achievement成就；B. doubt怀疑；C. interest兴趣；D. belief信仰。

根据上文I was studying chemistry at college because my family thought it was the key to success.可知，作者是因为家人的原因才去上化学课的，因此对化学课本身并没有兴趣。

故选C。

【12题详解】
本题考查语境判断之逻辑关系。

句意：我把原因归咎于来自父亲的压力，但他知道这只是一个软弱的借口。

A. blaming责备；归咎于；B. gathering聚集；C. overcoming克服；D. reducing 减少。

根据下文pressure from my dad可知，作者把原因归咎于来自父亲的压力。

故选A。

【13题详解】
本题考查语境判断之感情色彩形容词。

句意：我把原因归咎于来自父亲的压力，但他知道这只是一个软弱的借口。

A. accurate精确的；B. weak软弱的；C. direct直接的；D. innocent无辜的。

根据下文excuse可知，教授知道这只是个软弱的借口。

故选B。

【14题详解】
本题考查语境判断之其他线索。

句意：成功只能用自己来衡量，我们每个人都是不同的。

A. different不同的；
B. perfect完美的；
C. honest诚实的；
D. creative有创造力的。

根据下文Your success will not be the same as mine, as your neighbor’s or your parents’可知，每个人都是不同的。

故选A。

【15题详解】
本题考查语境判断之逻辑关系。

句意：没有秘密配方，没有你必须通过的考试，也没有保证，但是有一个秘密成分——激情。

A. design设计；B. pass通过；C. control控制；D. stand站立。

根据上文no examination you have to可知，没有你必须通过的考试，故选B。

【16题详解】
本题考查语境判断之其他线索。

句意：没有秘密配方，没有你必须通过的考试，也没有保证，但是有一个秘密成分——激情。

A. knowledge知识；B. confidence自信；C. passion激情；
D. effort努力。

根据下文you must pursue your passion可知秘密成分是激情。

故选C。

【17题详解】
本题考查语境判断之逻辑关系。

句意：无论是修理汽车还是探索世界，你都必须对你的目标充满激情，并为实现它设定一条道路。

A. Unless除非；B. Because因为；C. While当……时候；D. Whether是否。

根据下文it is fixing cars or exploring the world可知，无论是修理汽车还是探索世界，短语whether...or...意为“是……还是……”，故选D。

【18题详解】
本题考查语境判断之其他线索。

句意：无论是修理汽车还是探索世界，你都必须对你的目标充满激情，并为实现它设定一条道路。

A. study学习；B. need需要；C. goal目标；D. gift礼物。

根据下文set a path to achieve it可知，是对目标充满激情。

故选C。

【19题详解】
本题考查语境判断之其他线索。

句意：只有这样你才能找到真正的幸福。

A. fortune财富；
B. friendship友谊；
C. character性格；
D. happiness幸福。

根据上文Only then will you find true 可知，只有这样你才能找到真正的幸福。

故选D。

【20题详解】
本题考查词义判断之词义辨析。

句意：由于我只有19岁，这是一个需要去理解的相当深刻的建议，但我本能地知道，他是对的。

A. confirm确认；B. absorb吸收；理解；C. remember 记住；D. seek寻找。

根据上文pretty profound advice to可知，这是一个需要去理解的相当深刻的建议。

故选B。

【21题详解】
本题考查语境判断之其他线索。

句意：由于我只有19岁，这是一个需要去理解的相当深刻的建议，但我本能地知道，他是对的。

A. sensitive敏感的；B. generous大方的；C. kind亲切的；D. right正确的。

根据上文but I knew instinctively that he可知，我本能地知道，他是对的。

故选D。

【22题详解】
本题考查语境判断之逻辑关系。

句意：我对自己短暂的一生进行了有意识的自我反省，发现我的激情藏在哪里。

A. choose选择；B. report报道；C. discover发现；D. follow跟随。

根据下文where my passion was hiding可知，作者去发现激情藏在哪里。

故选C。

【23题详解】
本题考查语境判断之其他线索。

句意：很明显，就连我的小妹妹都能告诉我，我真正热爱的是音乐。

A. likely可能的；B. obvious明显的；C. popular流行的；D. practical现实的。

根据下文even my kid sister could have told me my true passion was music可知，很明显，就连我的小妹妹都能告诉我，我真正热爱的是音乐。

故选B。

【24题详解】
本题考查语境判断之逻辑关系。

句意：我可以凭听觉弹钢琴，但我只把音乐当作一种爱好。

A. only只；仅仅；
B. even甚至；
C. never从不；
D. seldom几乎不。

根据下文considered music as a hobby可知，作者只把音乐当作一种爱好。

故选A。

【25题详解】
本题考查词义判断之词义辨析。

句意：只有一个办法可以找到答案，所以我听从了教授的建议，转到了大学的音乐学院。

A. message消息；B. lecture演讲；C. advice建议；D. view意见。

根据上文took my professor’s可知，听从了教授的建议，故选C。

【26题详解】
本题考查语境判断之逻辑关系。

句意：我学习了和声和作曲，学会了单簧管的演奏，还加入了交响乐团。

A. helped帮助；B. started开始；C. hosted主持；D. joined加入。

根据下文the symphony orchestra可知是加入了交响乐团。

故选D。

【27题详解】
本题考查语境判断之其他线索。

句意：我觉得自己好像站在世界之巅，这种感觉从未离开过我。

A. feeling感觉；B. experience经历；C. expression表达；D. appreciation欣赏。

根据上文I felt as though I was on top of the world可知，这是一种感觉。

故选A。

【28题详解】
本题考查语境判断之感情色彩形容词。

句意：我现在54岁了，是一个非常快乐和满足的人。

A. independent独立的；
B. patient耐心的；
C. brave勇敢的；
D. contented满足的。

根据上文a very happy and可知，作者快乐和满足。

故选D。

【29题详解】
本题考查语境判断之其他线索。

句意：当我看着我的小办公室的墙壁时，我仍然对我创造的记录感到兴奋。

A. bought购买；B. made制造；C. received收到；D. copied复制。

根据上文the records可知，是创造的记录。

故选B。

【30题详解】
本题考查语境判断之其他线索。

句意：生活是一个漫长的旅程，并不容易，但我追随我的激情，并取得了成功。

A. easy容易的；B. good好的；C. ordinary普通的；D. safe安全的。

根据上文Life was a long journey, and not an可知，生活是一个漫长的旅程，并不容易。

故选A。

第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A
Everyone at Pacsafe is always eager to get out in the world and enjoy new cultures, food, and experiences. With that in mind we asked a few of our top travel bugs for their best travel destination recommendations for 2019. They also included their favorite Pacsafe bag to take on the trip. Enjoy and hopefully get some ideas for your own globe-trotting adventure.
Sri Lanka---Alison Hanko, Global Marketing Director
I’m going to Sri Lanka this summer holiday and can’t wait. It’s close to Hong Kong where I live and I’ve always wanted to go. The food is supposed to be amazing. It seems really relaxing and I really want to do the Kandy to Badulla train ride, which looks just stunning. We’ve booked a good mix of beaches, some time in a safari tent to hopefully see elephants in the wild.
For my bag, I’ll most likely take the Quiksilver 40L Pack b ecause it has the built-in wet pack for my bikinis. It’s also a great size for a week-long trip in a warm climate.
Japan---Ben Barras, Creative Director
Japan is definitely my best travel destination recommendation. The culture, the streets, the architectu re, the inspiration you get from all of that is amazing. The food is also fascinating. It’s where I’m most planning to go. Tokyo obviously, but also visiting the mountains. You can go snowboarding, which I haven’t done for years.
I have a Vibe 25L Backpack which you can pack a lot in. The thing I like most about it is that it’s compact, but still fits plenty in. I’ll pair that up with a larger travel bag for the rest of my things and use the backpack to get around day to day.
Berlin---Phil Hayes, Executive VP of Global Design
For me, it’s definitely Berlin. I’m particularly excited about the fashion, which I hear is pretty full on. Also the art galleries and history. Food, nightlife. Everything I’ve heard about Berlin is pretty cool, so I’m going to suck as much as I can out of it. World’s Global Style Network had the Berlin shopping list that came out recently, so I’m going to follow that through as well.
Bag wise, it will be the Quiksilver X Collab Bag. It’s the 25L Anti-theft Backpack. It’s normally my go-to bag for city trips because it’s super easy to lock on the plane and in bars, and it’s just the right amount of space.
31. Which of the Pacsafe bag is a good choice for beach travel?
A. The Quiksilver 40L Pack.
B. The Vibe 25L Backpack.
C. The Quiksilver X Collab Bag.
D. 25L Anti-theft Backpack.
32. If you are interested in fashion, which destination should you choose?
A. Sri Lanka.
B. Japan.
C. Hong Kong.
D. Berlin.
33. What can you enjoy in all the three places mentioned?
A. Beautiful beaches.
B. Amazing food.
C. Fascinating art.
D. Cool snowboarding.
34. The main purpose of the passage is to ________.
A. share personal travelling experiences
B. offer practical tips on taking adventure
C. present cultures in different countries
D. recommend favorable travel destinations
【答案】31. A 32. D 33. B 34. D
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇应用文。

文章主要推荐了三个好的旅游目的地的情况。

【31题详解】
细节理解题。

根据第三段For my bag, I’ll most likely take the Quiksilver 40L Pack because it has the built-in wet pack for my bikinis.（我的包，我很可能采取Quiksilver 40L包，因为它有为我的比基尼设计的内置湿包。

）可知The Quiksilver 40L Pack是沙滩旅游的好选择。

故选A。

【32题详解】
细节理解题。

根据倒数第二段For me, it’s definitely Berlin. I’m particularly excited about the fashion, which I hear is pretty full on.（对我来说，这绝对是柏林。

我对时装特别感兴趣，我听说它很流行。

）可知如果你对时尚感兴趣，你应该选择柏林作为目的地。

故选D。

【33题详解】
细节理解题。

根据第二段中The food is supposed to be amazing.（食物应该很好吃。

）、第四段中The food is also fascinating.（食物也很吸引人。

）以及第六段中I’m particularly excited about the fashion, which I hear is pretty full on. Also the art galleries and history. Food, nightlife.（我对时装特别感兴趣，我听说它很流行。

还有美术馆和历史。

食物,夜生活。

）可知三个地方都可以享受到美食。

故选B。

【34题详解】
推理判断题。

根据第一段With that in mind we asked a few of our top travel bugs for their best travel destination recommendations for 2019.（考虑到这一点，我们询问了一些最热门的旅行目的地，为2019年的最佳旅游目的地做出了建议。

）以及文章主要介绍了三个旅游目的地，可知这篇文章的主要目的是推荐好的旅游目的地。

故选D。

【点睛】文章主题和中心思想的阐述往往需要大量细节信息的支持，这些细节对于理解全文
内容至关重要，同时也是归纳和概括文章中心思想的基础。

命题人往往会要求考生根据不同的要求阅读文章，以获得某些特定的信息，或准确地寻求所需的细节，并对细节进行直接或间接辨认和理解。

有一种文章细节理解题是一一对应型。

答案与题目在表达形式和意义上直接吻合，一一对应，一目了然。

属于浅层次的阅读试题，分数比例较少。

解答此类试题时，不必通篇细看原文，而应采取“带着问题找答案”的方法，先从问题中抓住关键性词语（题眼），然后以此为线索，运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的：段落、语句，仔细品味，对照比较，确定答案。

如第三小题，根据第二段中The food is supposed to be amazing.（食物应该很好吃。

）、第四段中The food is also fascinating.（食物也很吸引人。

）以及第六段中I’m particularly excited about the fashion, which I hear is pretty full on. Also the art galleries and history. Food, nightlife.（我对时装特别感兴趣，我听说它很流行。

还有美术馆和历史。

食物,夜生活。

）可知三个地方都可以享受到美食。

故选B。

B
On March 25, 2010, Kate and David heard the words every parent dreads: Their newborn wasn’t going to make it. Their twins—a girl and a boy—were born two minutes apart and 14 weeks premature, weighing just over two pounds each. Doctors had tried to save the boy for 20 minutes but saw no improvement. His heartbeat was nearly gone, and he’d stopped breathing. The baby had just moments to live.
“I saw him gasp (喘息), but the doctor said it was no use,” K ate told the Daily Mail five years later. “I know it sounds stupid, but if he was still gasping, that was a sign of life. I wasn’t going to give up easily.”
Still, the couple knew this was likely a goodbye. In an effort to cherish her last minutes with the tiny boy, Kate asked to hold him.
“I wanted to meet him, and for him to know us,” Kate told Today. “We’d resigned ourselves to the fact that we were going to lose him, and we were just trying to make the most of those last, precious moments.”
Kate unwrapped the boy, whom the couple had already named Jamie, from his hospital blanket and asked David to take his shirt off and join them in bed. The first-time parents wanted their son to be as warm as possible and hoped the skin-to-skin contact would improve his condition. They also talked to him.
“We were trying to persuade him to stay,” Kate told the Daily Mail. “We explained his name
and that he had a twin that he had to look out for and how hard we had tried to have him.”
Then something miraculous happened. Jamie gasped again—and then he started breathing. Finally, he reached for his father’s finger.
The couple’s lost boy had made it.
“We’re the luckiest people in the world,” David told Today.
Eight years later, Jamie and his sister, Emily, are happy and healthy. The couple only recently told the kids the story of their birth. “Emily burst into tears,” Kate said. “She was really upset, and she kept hugging Jamie. This whole experience makes you cherish them more.”
35. What can we learn about the newborn babies?
A. The boy’s heart had stopped beating.
B. The boy was 2 minutes older than the girl.
C. The twins were born 14 weeks before the due date.
D. The twins were expected to live for only 20 minutes.
36. When the couple knew they would lose the boy, they ________.
A. begged the doctor to save him
B. took his shirt off and then put him in bed
C. wrapped him with his blanket to keep him warm
D. talked to him and made close physical contact with him
37. What’s the best title for the passage?
A. The Power of Hug.
B. The Miracle of Love.
C The Bond Between Twins.
D. The Responsibility of Parents.
【答案】35. C 36. D 37. B
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。

记叙了一对双胞胎出生时，医生告诉他们的父母男孩难以存活，只有几分钟的时间了。

而男孩的父母并没有放弃，并在最后抱了他，结果男孩奇迹般地重新开始呼吸，并幸存了下来的故事。

【35题详解】
细节理解题。

根据第一段中Their newborn wasn’t going to make it. Their twins—a girl and a
boy—were born two minutes apart and 14 weeks premature, weighing just over two pounds each.（他们的新生儿要夭折了。

他们的双胞胎——一个女孩和一个男孩——出生时相隔两分钟，早产了14周，每个人的体重刚刚超过两磅。

）可知这对双胞胎早产了14周出生。

故选C。

【36题详解】
细节理解题。

根据第五段中The first-time parents wanted their son to be as warm as possible and hoped the skin-to-skin contact would improve his condition. They also talked to him.（第一次做父母的希望他们的儿子尽可能的温暖，并希望这种肌肤接触能改善他的身体状况。

他们也和他交谈。

）可知当这对夫妇知道他们将失去这个男孩时，他们和他交谈，并与他进行了密切的身体接触。

故选D。

【37题详解】
主旨大意题。

文章记叙了一对双胞胎出生时，医生告诉他们的父母男孩难以存活，只有几分钟的时间了。

而男孩的父母并没有放弃，并在最后抱了他，结果男孩奇迹般地重新开始呼吸，并幸存了下来的故事。

讲述了一个爱的奇迹的故事。

故选B。

C
It’s common knowledge that the woman in Leonardo da Vinci’s most famous painting seems to look back at observers, following them with her eyes no matter where they stand in the room. But this common knowledge turns out wrong.
A new study finds that the woman in the painting is actually looking out at an angle that’s 15.4 degrees off to the observer’s right—well outside of the range that people normally believe when they think someone is looking right at them. In other words, said the study author, Horstmann, “She’s not looking at you.” This is somewhat ironic, because the entire phenomenon of a person’s gaze (凝视) in a photograph or painting seeming to follow the viewer is called the “Mona Lisa effect” . That effect is absolutely real, Horstmann said. If a person is illustrated or photographed looking straight ahead, even people viewing the portrait from an angle will feel they are being looked at. As long as the angle of the person’s gaze is no more than about 5 degrees off to either side, the Mona Lisa effect occurs.
This is important for human interaction with on-screen characters. If you want someone off to
the right side of a room to feel that a person on-screen is looking at him or her, you don’t cut the gaze of the character to that side—surprisingly, doing so would make an observer feel like the character isn’t looking at anyone in the room at all. Instead, you keep the gaze straight ahead.
Horstmann and his co-author were studying this effect for its application in the creation
of artificial-intelligence avatars(虚拟头像) when Horstmann took a long look at the “Mona Lisa” and realized she wasn’t looking at him.
To make sure it wasn’t just him, the researchers asked 24 people to view images of the “Mona Lisa” on a computer screen. They set a ruler between the viewer and the screen and asked the participants to note which number on the ruler intersected Mona Lisa’s gaze. To calculate the angle of Mona Lisa’s gaze as she looked at the viewer, they moved the ruler farther from or closer to the screen during the study. Consistently, the researchers found, participants judged that the woman in the “Mona Lisa” portrait was not looking straight at them, but slightly off to their right.
So why do people repeat the belief that her eyes seem to follow the viewer? Horstmann isn’t sure. It’s possible, he said, that people have the desire to be looked at, so they think the wom an is looking straight at them. Or maybe the people who first coined the term “Mona Lisa effect” just thought it was a cool name.
38. It is generally believed that the woman in the painting “Mona Lisa”___________.
A. attracts the viewers to look back
B. seems mysterious because of her eyes
C. fixes her eyes on the back of the viewers
D. looks at the viewers wherever they stand
39. What gaze range in a painting will cause the Mona Lisa effect?
A. B.
C. D.
40. The experiment involving 24 people was conducted to______.
A. confirm Horstmann’s belief
B. create artificial-intelligence avatars
C. calculate the angle of Mona Lisa’s gaze
D. explain how the Mona Lisa effect can be applied
41. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Horstmann thinks it’s cool to coin the term “Mona Lisa effect”.
B. The Mona Lisa effect contributes to the creation of artificial intelligence.
C. Feeling being gazed at by Mona Lisa may be caused by the desire for attention.
D. The position of the ruler in the experiment will influen ce the viewers’ judgement.
【答案】38. D 39. B 40. A 41. C
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。

众所周知列奥纳多·达·芬奇最著名的画作中的女人，无论站在房间的哪个角落，似乎都会回头看着观察者，用她的眼睛跟随他们。

一项新研究发现这一常识是错误的，研究发现人们有被蒙娜丽莎凝视的感觉可能是因为人们渴望被关注。

【38题详解】
细节理解题。

根据第一段中It’s common knowledge that the woman in Leonardo da Vinci’s most famous painting seems to look back at observers, following them with her eyes no matter where they stand in the room.（众所周知，列奥纳多·达·芬奇最著名的画作中的女人，无论站在房间的哪个角落，似乎都会回头看着观察者，用她的眼睛跟随他们。

）可知人们普遍认为，《蒙娜丽莎》中的女人无论站在哪里都会看着观众。

故选D。

【39题详解】
细节理解题。

根据第二段最后一句As long as the angle of the person’s gaze is no more than
about 5 degrees off to either side, the Mona Lisa effect occurs.（只要这个人的凝视角度不超过5度左右，就会出现蒙娜丽莎效应。

）可知只要凝视角度不超过5度左右，就会出现蒙娜丽莎效应。

故选B 。

【40题详解】
细节理解题。

根据倒数第二段第一句To make sure it wasn ’t just him, the researchers asked 24 people to view images of the “Mona Lisa ” on a computer screen.（为了确保不仅仅是他，研究人员让24个人在电脑屏幕上观看“蒙娜丽莎”的图像。

）可知研究人员对24人进行了实验是为了证实霍斯特曼的观点。

故选A 。

【41题详解】
推理判断题。

根据最后一段中It ’s possible, he said, that people have the desire to be looked at, so they think the woman is looking straight at them.（他说，人们有被注视的欲望是可能的，所以他们认为女人在直视他们。

）可推知人们有被蒙娜丽莎凝视的感觉可能是因为人们渴望被关注。

故选C 。

【点睛】通过对关键词，关键短语或者是关键的句子的把握是解决推理判断题的重要解题方法之一，它们往往隐藏着深层的意思。

如第四小题，根据最后一段中It ’s possible, he said, that people have the desire to be looked at, so they think the woman is looking straight at them.（他说，人们有被注视的欲望是可能的，所以他们认为女人在直视他们。

）可推知人们有被蒙娜丽莎凝视的感觉可能是因为人们渴望被关注。

故选C 。

D
What a Messy Desk Says About You
For some time, psychologists have been studying how personality traits affect health and health-related choices. Not surprisingly, they have found that people blessed with innate
conscientiousness, meaning that they are organized and predictable, typically eat better and live longer than people who are disorderly. They also tend to have immaculate offices.
What has been less clear is whether neat environments can produce good habits even in those who aren’t necessarily innately conscientious. To find out, researchers at the University of
Minnesota conducted a series of experiments. In the first experiment, they randomly assigned a group of college-age students to spend time in two office spaces, one of which was very neat, the other wildly cluttered (乱堆) with papers and other work-related stuff. The students spent their time filling out questionnaires unrelated to the study. After 10 minutes, they were told they could leave
with an apple or a chocolate bar. Those students who sat in the orderly office were twice as likely to choose the apple as those who sat among the mess.
A second experiment, however, found that working in chaos has its advantages, too. In this one, college students were placed in a messy or a neat office and asked to dream up new uses for
Ping-Pong balls. Those in messy spaces generated ideas that were significantly more creative, according to two independent judges, than those in offices where stacks of papers and other objects were neatly arranged.
The results were something of a surprise, says Dr. V ohs, the leader of the study. Few previous studies found much virtue in disorder. The broken window theory, proposed decades ago, holds that even slight disorder and neglect can encourage indifference and poor discipline.
But in the study by Dr. V ohs, disordered offices encouraged originality and a search for novelty. In the final portion of the study, adults were given the choice of adding a health “boost” to their lunchtime smoothie that was labeled either “new” or “classic.” The volunteers in the messy space were far more likely to choose the new one; those in the tidy office generally chose the classic version. “Disorderly environments seem to inspire breaking free of tradition,” Dr. V ohs and her
co-authors conclude in the study, “which can produce fresh insights.”
The implications of these findings are also practical. “My advice would be, if you need to think outside the box for a future p roject”, Dr. V ohs says, “then let the clutter rise and free your imagination. But if your primary goal is to eat well or to go to the gym, pick up around your office first. By doing this, the naturally messy can acquire some of the discipline of the consci entious.”
42. The underlined word “immaculate” in paragraph 1 probably means ______.
A. messy
B. tidy
C. terrible
D. comfortable
43. Which of the following can best explain the broken window theory?
A. Chaos begets chaos.
B. Misfortune may be an actual blessing.
C. Bad news has wings.
D. When a door shuts, a window opens.
44. Which of the following will Dr. V ohs probably agree with?
A. More virtue exists in organized people.
B. Creativity results from tidiness and discipline.
C. Disorderly surroundings help to create new ideas.。