高中被动语态教案

高中被动语态教案
一.被动语态的构成
被动语态由“助动词be+过去分词”构成。

be随着主语的人称、数、时态和语气的不同而变化。

e.g.
Thisbooksarenotintendedforchildren.
Wewereallmovedtotearsbythestory.
Whenwilltheworkbefinished.
Is_theaccidentnowbeinglookedinto? Thecarwasbeingmendedwhenyoumeanttodriveitaway. HasthesportsmeetbeenputoffuntilnextFriday? Theroomhadbeenbrokenintobeforewecame. Thedesignwillhavebeendonebytheendofthisweek.
Iwastoldthatthepressconference(记者扌招待会)wouldbeheldthenextday.
【拓展】
"get+过去分词"也可表示被动,get与be一样起到助动词的作用，一般用来谈论突然发生的事情，只表示动作，不表示状态。

e.g.
Shegothurtonherwaybackhome.她在回家的路上受伤了。

Someteacupsgotbrokenwhenweweremoving.我们搬家的时候有一些茶杯被打碎了。

【课堂例题】
1.Ihadastrongdesiretoreachinandplaywiththetoy,but(holdback)thankfullyby theshopwindow.
2.Tomydelight,I(choose)fromhundredsofapplicantstoattendtheopeningceremony.
3.Attheendofthemeeting,itwasannouncedthatanagreement(reach).
4.Unlesssomeextramoney(find),thetheatrewillclose.
5.Weareconfidentthattheenvironment(improve)byourfurthereffortstoreduce
pollution.
6.Thestudentshavebeenworkinghardontheirlessonsandtheirefforts(reward)with successintheend.
7.Afterschoolwewenttothereadingroomtodosomereading,onlytobetoldthatit(decorate).
1.washeldback.
2.waschosen.
3.hadbeenreached.
4.isfound
5.willbeimproved.
6.willberewarded.
7.wasbeingdecorated
二.被动语态的用法
1.不知道谁是动作的执行者，或没有必要指明谁是动作的执行者。

e.g.--Thewindowisdirty.
--Iknow.Ithasn'tbeencleanedforweeks.
2.需要强调或突出动作的承受者或事件本身。

e.g.Alltheemployeesexceptthemanagerareencouragedtoworkonlineathome.
Manyhousesweredestroyedinthewar.
3.在文章标题、广告、新闻中。

e.g.Womenwanted.招女士。

4.当动作的执行者不是人时。

e.g.Thenumberofdeathsfromheartdiseasewillbereducedgreatlyifpeoplearepersuadedtoeatmorefruit andvegetables.如果人们被说服吃更多的水果和蔬菜，那么死于心脏病的人数将大大减少。

三.主动变被动
1.S+V+O(主+谓+宾)句型变被动
Wevisitedthatfactorylastsummer T主动语态
主语谓语宾语状语
Thatfactorywasvisited byuslast summer T被动语态
主语谓语宾
2.S+V+Oi+Od(主+谓+间宾+直宾)句型变被动
(1)give,send,take,bring等常带有两个宾语，变为被动语态时可将其中任何一个宾语改成主语，另一个保留不动。

这种转化过程中，如果直接宾语成为被动句的主语，被保留的间接宾语前通常加to。

e.g.
SallytaughtusAmericanliteraturelastyear.
T WeweretaughtAmericanliteraturebySallylastyear.
T AmericanliteraturewastaughttousbySallylastyear.
⑵buy,make,find,get等在被动语态中被保留的间接宾语前通常加for。

此时for不可以省略，这种结构中间接宾语不可作主语。

e.g.
Motherhasboughtmeacomputer.
tAcomputerhasbeenboughtformebymymother.
T I wasboughtacomputerbymymother.(x)
【注意】
(1)并非所有的间接宾语都可以转化为被动句主语。

e.g.
ShewroteJordanalongfanletter.
tAlongfanletterwaswrittentoJordanbyher.
tJordanwaswrittenalongletterbyher.(x)
(2)宾语从句一般不可作为被动句的主语。

e.g.
Shetoldmewhentheprojectwouldstart.
tIwastoldwhentheprojectwouldstartbyher. tWhentheprojectwouldstartwastoldtomebyher.(x)
3.S+V+O+C(主+谓+宾+宾补)T被动句
(1)S+V+O+C(主+谓+宾+宾补)结构变被动时，主动句中的宾语变为主语，宾语补足语变为主语补足语。

e.g.
Wecallthiskindofflowercarnation.(康乃馨)
—Thiskindoffloweriscalledcarnationbyus.
(2)带有形式宾语it的句子也可变为被动句e.g. Weconsideritwrongtoshoutatchildrenwhomakemistakes. —Itisconsideredwrongtoshoutatchildrenwhomakemistakesbyus.
（3）不带to的不定式做宾语补足语在变为被动时要加上to。

e.g.
Youdon'thavetomakePeterworkhard.
—Peterdoesn'thavetobemadetoworkhardbyyou.
【注意】
（1）动词短语变被动语态时，不可以去掉后面的介词或副词。

此类短语常用的有：ookafter,lookinto（调查）,takeup（占据，开始从事）,lookdownon（歧视）,takecareof,giveup,makeuseof,laughat,breakinto,findout等
e.g.
Thatoldmanwasoftenlaughedat.
Theplanwillbegivenup.
【课堂练习】
改写句子
1.TheychoseMrLitheirdoctorin1987.（改为被动语态）
MrLiin1987.
2.AnewstorybookisbeingwrittenbyMrSmith.（改为主动语态）
MrSmith.
3.Thestudentscleantheirclassroomeveryday.（改为被动语态）Theirclassroomeveryday.
4.TheteacherteachesusChineseinanewway.（改为被动语态）
inanewwaybytheteacher.
5.Thecoachhascalledourteamleaderinandisquestioninghimnow.（改为被动语态）Ourteamleaderand
now.
6.Heisoftenheardtosinginhisroom.（改为主动语态）
Weofteninhisroom.
7.Iamgivenabirthdaypresentbymyparentseveryyear.（同义句转换）Abirthdaypresentbymyparentseveryyear.
8.Asmallboysawhimenterthehouse.（改为被动语态）Hethehousebyasmallboy.
9.YoumustfinishthearticlebeforeFriday.(改为被动语态) ThearticlebeforeFriday.
10.Hemademedothatforhim.(改为被动语态)
Ithatforhim.
1.waschosentheirdoctor
2.iswritinganewstorybook
3.iscleanedbythestudents
4.WearetaughtChinese
5.hasbeencalledin;isbeingquestioned
6.hearhimsing
7.isgiventome
8.wasseentoenter
9.mustbefinished
10.wasmadetodo
四.被动语态特殊情况
1.含有情态动词的被动句式
结构：情态动词+be+过去分词
e.g.
Hemustbepreventedfromgoing. Theplanoughttobeputintopracticeassoonaspossible.
2.不定式的被动语态
(1)—般式(tobedone):表示不定式动作在谓语动作之后发生或与其几乎同时发生。

(2)完成式(tohavebeendone):表示不定式动作发生在谓语动作之前
e.g.
Thebookissaidtobepublishedsoon.
【注意】
(1)当动词不定式在名词后做定语，且与被修饰的名词之间是被动关系，常用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。

e.g.
Ihavealettertowrite.我有—封信要写
(2)在"主语+be+形容词+不定式"句式中，不定式在形容词后做状语，句子的主语是动词不定式的逻辑主语时，常用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。

这类形容词有amusing,cheap,comfortable,dangerous,difficult,easy,fit,impossible,interesting,pleasant,heavy等。

e.g.
Thatquestionisdifficulttoanswer.
Thispieceofmusicispleasanttohear.
【课堂练习】
单句语法填空
1.Manybuildingsinthecityneedrepairing,buttheone(repair)firstisthelibrary.
2.Theplay(produce)nextmonthaimsmainlytoreflectthelocalnature.
3.Manypeoplewereshockedbywhatthestudentdid,andwantedphoneswithcameras(ban)fromscho ol.
4.Therearestillmanyproblems(solve)beforewearereadyforalongstayonthe
Moon.
5.Thechildrenwerenot(blame)fortheaccident.Afterall,theywerestillsoyoung.
1.toberepaired.
2.tobeproduced.
3.tobebanned.
4.tobesolved.
5.toblame
五.主动表被动
1.连系动词(如look,sound,smell,feel,taste,remain等)后接表语时，一般用主动形式表示被动意义。

e.g.
Youradvicesoundspractical.
Whetherwecanhaveaholidayremainsunknown.
2.当open,close,shut,lock,move,read,wash,clean,cook,cut,wear,carry等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时，通常用主动形式表示被动意义。

e.g.
Thedoordoesn'tshut.这门关不上。

Thebooksellsquickly.这书销售得快。

3.在"主语+谓语(系动词)+表语(形容词)+(forsb.)todo"结构中，句子的主语与构成不定式的动词有逻辑上的动宾关系，且形容词表示主语的特征或性质，不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。

该结构中常用的形容词有easy,hard,difficult,important,impossible,interesting,heavy等。

e.g.
Thequestionisdifficulttoanswer.
Itisimpossibletoprove.这件事无法证实。

Thestoneistooheavyfortheboytolift.
4.不定式做名词的后置定语，与被修饰的名词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，又和该句的主语或宾语构成逻辑上的主谓关系时，不定式常用主动形式表示被动含义。

e.g.
Hehasalotofworktodothismorning.
I'llgiveyousomethingtoread.
5.在need,require等少数表示"需要"的动词后的动名词用主动表示被动含义。

e.g.
Thesechildrenrequirelookingafter.
注：该结构中的动名词改用不定式则要用不定式的被动式。

e.g.
Thehouseneedstobecleaned.房子需要打扫。

Thesechildrenrequiretobelookedafter.这些孩子需要照看。

6.be worth后的动名词要用主动形式表示被动含义。

e.g.
Themovieisworthseeing.
7.不定式toblame,tolet做表语时，通常要用主动形式表示被动含义。

e.g.
Whoistoblame?该怪谁呢？
Thehouseistolet.此屋出租。

【课堂练习】
单句语法填空
1.Beforechoicesarefinalized(最后定下来),parents(ask)tosigntoconfirmtheir
child'schoice.
2.Theglobalmedal(award)towhoeverwinsthefirstplaceinthebicyclerace.
3.Mywashingmachine(repair)thisweek,soIhavetowashmyclothesbyhand.
eafireextinguisheronly
ifyou(train)todoso.
5.Nowadays,cycling,alongwithjoggingandswimming,(regard)asoneofthebest
all-roundformsofexercise.
6.Thedisappearanceofdinosaursnotnecessarily(cause)by
astronomicalincidents.Butalternativeexplanationsarehard(find).
7.Ifthenewsafetysystem(put)touse,theaccidentwouldneverhavehappened.
8.Whenthedoor(close),you'renotto(disturb).
9.ForalongtimeGabrieldidn'twant(involve)inmusicatall.
10.Thehospitalhasrecentlyobtainednewmedicalequipment,allowingmorepatients(treat).
11.Inthe1950sintheUSA,mostfamilieshadjustonephoneathome,andwirelessphones(notinvent)yet.
12.Hehurriedhomeneveroncelookingbacktoseeifhe(follow).
13.Thecomputerdoesn'tworkwellanditrequires(change),butthemanagerrequires
me(continue)touseit.
14.Iammoreready(stop)fromdoingsomethingbadbythesocialagreementthan byanylawagainstit.
15.Watchout!Donotgettooclosetothebuilding.Thewalls(paint).
1.will/shallbeasked
2.will/shallbeawarded
3.isbeingrepaired
4.havebeentrained
5.isregarded
6.is;caused;tofind
7.hadbeenput
8.isclosed;bedisturbed
9.tobeinvolved
10.tobetreated
11.hadn'tbeeninvented
12.wasbeingfollowed
13.changing;tocontinue
14.tobestopped
15.arebeingpainted。