2019版高考英语专题化语法贯通市级重点高中版讲义：专题十二 构词法
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admit→admission接纳；准许入学
attract→attraction吸引
invite→invitation邀请；请柬
explain→explanation解释
graduate→graduation毕业
expect→expectation期望；期待
er/ or
drive→driver司机；驾驶员
refer→reference参考；查阅
ing
hear→hearing听力；听觉
begin→beginning开头；开端
ure/ ture
fail→failure失败；没做到
press→pressure压力
mix→mixture混合；混合物
depart→departure离开；出发
y
recover→recovery恢复；痊愈
③(2017·江苏高考改编)The disappearance of dinosaurs is not necessarily caused by astronomical incidents. But alternative ________ (explain) are hard to find.
disable→disability无能；伤残
responsible→responsibility责任
单句语法填空/单句改错
①(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)This development was only possible with the________ (introduce) of electric powered engines and lifts.
1.动词、名词变形容词的常见后缀
后缀
例词
able
accept→acceptable可接受的
comfort→comfortable舒适的
fashion→fashionable时髦的
suit→suitable合适的
discover→discovery发现
其他
choose→choice选择
vary→variety多样化；种类
tend→tendency趋向；趋势
grow→growth生长；增加
2．形容词变名词的后缀
后缀
例词
age
short→shortage不足；短缺
cy
efficient→efficiency效率；功效
解析：explanations设空处在此处作句子的主语，要用其名词形式。根据第二句的谓语动词are可知此处要用名词的复数形式。
④(2016·全国卷Ⅰ) Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia’s biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top ________ (attract)．
equip→equipment装备；设备
govern→government政府
ance/ ence
appear→appearance出现；外貌
guide→guidance指引；指导
perform→performance表演；节目
exist→existence存在；生存
prefer→preference偏爱
解析：introduction根据空格前面的定冠词the可知此处需要填名词。with the introduction of表示“随着……的引进”。
②(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)She is determined to carry on with her ation空格前面有形容词性物主代词her，此处应该使用动词educate的名词形式education。
fluent→fluency流利；流畅
accurate→accuracy准确性
private→privacy隐私；私密
dom
free→freedom自由；自主
wise→wisdom明智；智慧
ence
different→difference差异
silent→silence沉默
ness
weak→weakness虚弱；弱点
解析：attraction跟在形容词性物主代词its后面，应用attract的名词形式，top为形容词，修饰中心词attraction。
⑤(2015·全国卷Ⅱ) In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their________(able) to “air condition” a house without using electric equipment.
专题十二 构词法
名词后缀
1．动词变名词的后缀
后缀
例词
ion/tion/
sion/ ation
correct→correction改正
celebrate→celebration庆祝；庆祝会
conclude→conclusion结论；结束
discuss→discussion讨论；辩论
decide→decision决定
kind→kindness仁慈；好意
careless→carelessness粗心大意
th
strong→strength力气；强项
warm→warmth温暖；热情
y
ty
ity
honest→honesty诚实
difficult→difficulty困难
cruel→cruelty残酷；残暴
safe→safety安全
解析：ability空格前面是形容词性物主代词their，其后面需要用名词。
⑥(2013·全国卷Ⅱ)This made for the grow in the porcelain industry.
解析：grow→growth此处grow要作介词for的宾语，应用其名词形式growth。
形容词、副词后缀
gather→gatherer收集者；采集者
conduct→conductor指挥；售票员
teach→teacher老师
announce→announcer播音员
ment
punish→punishment惩罚
achieve→achievement功绩；成就
argue→argument辩论；论据
treat→treatment对待；治疗
attract→attraction吸引
invite→invitation邀请；请柬
explain→explanation解释
graduate→graduation毕业
expect→expectation期望；期待
er/ or
drive→driver司机；驾驶员
refer→reference参考；查阅
ing
hear→hearing听力；听觉
begin→beginning开头；开端
ure/ ture
fail→failure失败；没做到
press→pressure压力
mix→mixture混合；混合物
depart→departure离开；出发
y
recover→recovery恢复；痊愈
③(2017·江苏高考改编)The disappearance of dinosaurs is not necessarily caused by astronomical incidents. But alternative ________ (explain) are hard to find.
disable→disability无能；伤残
responsible→responsibility责任
单句语法填空/单句改错
①(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)This development was only possible with the________ (introduce) of electric powered engines and lifts.
1.动词、名词变形容词的常见后缀
后缀
例词
able
accept→acceptable可接受的
comfort→comfortable舒适的
fashion→fashionable时髦的
suit→suitable合适的
discover→discovery发现
其他
choose→choice选择
vary→variety多样化；种类
tend→tendency趋向；趋势
grow→growth生长；增加
2．形容词变名词的后缀
后缀
例词
age
short→shortage不足；短缺
cy
efficient→efficiency效率；功效
解析：explanations设空处在此处作句子的主语，要用其名词形式。根据第二句的谓语动词are可知此处要用名词的复数形式。
④(2016·全国卷Ⅰ) Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia’s biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top ________ (attract)．
equip→equipment装备；设备
govern→government政府
ance/ ence
appear→appearance出现；外貌
guide→guidance指引；指导
perform→performance表演；节目
exist→existence存在；生存
prefer→preference偏爱
解析：introduction根据空格前面的定冠词the可知此处需要填名词。with the introduction of表示“随着……的引进”。
②(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)She is determined to carry on with her ation空格前面有形容词性物主代词her，此处应该使用动词educate的名词形式education。
fluent→fluency流利；流畅
accurate→accuracy准确性
private→privacy隐私；私密
dom
free→freedom自由；自主
wise→wisdom明智；智慧
ence
different→difference差异
silent→silence沉默
ness
weak→weakness虚弱；弱点
解析：attraction跟在形容词性物主代词its后面，应用attract的名词形式，top为形容词，修饰中心词attraction。
⑤(2015·全国卷Ⅱ) In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their________(able) to “air condition” a house without using electric equipment.
专题十二 构词法
名词后缀
1．动词变名词的后缀
后缀
例词
ion/tion/
sion/ ation
correct→correction改正
celebrate→celebration庆祝；庆祝会
conclude→conclusion结论；结束
discuss→discussion讨论；辩论
decide→decision决定
kind→kindness仁慈；好意
careless→carelessness粗心大意
th
strong→strength力气；强项
warm→warmth温暖；热情
y
ty
ity
honest→honesty诚实
difficult→difficulty困难
cruel→cruelty残酷；残暴
safe→safety安全
解析：ability空格前面是形容词性物主代词their，其后面需要用名词。
⑥(2013·全国卷Ⅱ)This made for the grow in the porcelain industry.
解析：grow→growth此处grow要作介词for的宾语，应用其名词形式growth。
形容词、副词后缀
gather→gatherer收集者；采集者
conduct→conductor指挥；售票员
teach→teacher老师
announce→announcer播音员
ment
punish→punishment惩罚
achieve→achievement功绩；成就
argue→argument辩论；论据
treat→treatment对待；治疗