考研数学二-矩阵的特征值和特征向量二次型(二)_真题(含答案与解析)-交互

考研数学二-矩阵的特征值和特征向量、二次型(二)
(总分100, 做题时间90分钟)
Section Ⅰ Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
What do you think of American health care system? Most people would be (1) by the high quality of medicine (2) to most Americans. There is a lot of specialization, a great deal of (3) to the individual, a (4) amount of advanced technical equipment,
and (5) effort not to make mistakes because of the financial risk which doctors and hospitals must (6) in the courts if
they (7) things badly.
But the Americans are in a mess. To the problem is the way
in (8) health care is organized and (9) . (10) to pubic belief it is not just a **petition system. To the private system has been joined a large public system, because private care was simply not (11) the less fortunate and the elderly.
But even with this huge public part of the system, (12) this year will eat up 84.5 billion dollars—more than 10 percent of the U. S. Budget—a large number of Americans are left (13) . These include about half the 11 million unemployed and those who fail to meet the strict limits (14) income fixed by a government trying to make savings where it can.
The basic problem, however, is that there is no central
control (15) the health system. There is no (16) to what doctors and hospitals charge for their services, other than what the public is able to pay. The number of doctors has shot up and prices have climbed. When faced with toothache, a sick child, or a heart attack, all the unfortunate persons concerned can do is to
pay (17) . Two thirds of the population are (18) by medical insurance. Doctors charge as much as they want (19) that the
**pany will pay the bill.
The rising cost of medicine in the U. S. A. is among the most worrying problems facing the country. In 1981 the country's health
bill climbed 15.9 percent—about twice as fast as
prices (20) general.
SSS_SIMPLE_SIN
1.
[A] compressed [B] impressed [C] obsessed [D] repressed
A B C D
该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 0.5
[解析] 词语搭配题。

impress意为“给…留下深刻的印象；使意识到”，例如：(1)I'm very impressed by/with what's happening. (2)I impressed on him the importance of punctuality. 原句意为：高质量的医疗服务给大多数人留下了深刻的印象，故选项[B]正确。

选项[A]compress意为“压缩，浓缩”，常用搭配为compress…into；选项[C]obsess意为“使迷恋，使着迷”，例如：She is obsessed with the desire to become a movie star. 选项[D]repress意为“抑制，镇压”，如：repress one's anger，均不符合
题意。

SSS_SIMPLE_SIN
2.
[A] available [B] attainable [C] achievable [D] amenable
A B C D
该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 0.5
答案:A
[解析] 词语搭配题。

available意为“可以享受到的，可利用的，有用的”，例如：Free education is available to all tax-payers. 此处指可享受到的医疗服务，故选[A]。

选项[B]attainable意为“可达到的，可得到的”，多用来指一般人能力不易达到的情况，与句意不符；选项[C]achievable意为“做
得到的，可完成的”，强调在达到目的过程中有耐性，很努力；选项
[D]amenable意为“愿意服从的，有责任的”，例如：She might be more amenable to the idea if you explained how much money it would save. 全句可译为：可以保障绝大多数美国人的高质量的医疗服务体系会给大部分人留下深刻印象。

SSS_SIMPLE_SIN
3.
[A] extension [B] retention [C] attention [D] exertion
A B C D
该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 0.5
答案:C
[解析] 词语搭配题。

attention表示“注意力，关注”，本处意为“关注病人”，因此选项[C]正确。

选项[A]extension意为“延长，扩充；电话分
机”；选项[C]retention意为“保持，保留”，例如：The retention of old technology has slowed **pany's growth. 选项[D]exertion意为“尽力，努力；运用”，例如：(1)Exertion of authority does **e easily to everyone. (2)We were all exhausted after our exertions. 均不符合题意。

SSS_SIMPLE_SIN
4.
[A] countless [B] titanic [C] broad [D] vast
A B C D
该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 0.5
[解析] 语义搭配题。

a vast amount of意为“大量的”，故选项[D]正确。

选项[A]countless意为“不计其数的”；选项[B]titanic意为“巨大的，庞大的”；选项[C]broad意为“宽阔的”；均不与amount连用。

SSS_SIMPLE_SIN
5.
[A] intensive [B] absorbed [C] intense [D] concentrated
A B C D
该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 0.5
答案:C
[解析] 语义搭配题。

intense意为“很大的；强烈的；热情的”，如：intense cold/interest，根据句中effort一词可知原文意为：做出不懈努力，以规避医生或医院犯错，故选项[C]正确。

选项[A]intensive意为“密集的；彻底的”；选项[B]absorbed与选项[D]concentrated意思相近，意为“专注的，精力集中的”。

SSS_SIMPLE_SIN
6.
[A] run into [B] encounter [C] face [D] defy
A B C D
该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 0.5
答案:C
[解析] 词语辨析题。

face意为“面对，遭遇”，例如：The difficulty that faces us today is one of supplying food to those in need. (今天我们所面临的困难是向那些需要的人提供食物。

)根据原句意思：如果在医疗过程中出了差错的话，医生和医院就可能惹上官司，面临巨额罚金。

financial risk是他们可能而对的，故选项[C]正确。

选项[A]run into意为“偶遇”；选项[B]encounter意为“遭遇，突然遇到”，比较正式；选项[D]defy意为“公然反抗，蔑视”，均无法与句中的risk连用。

SSS_SIMPLE_SIN
7.
[A] treat [B] deal [C] maneuver [D] handle
A B C D
该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 0.5
答案:D
[解析] 语义辨析题。

handle=deal with意为“处理”，handle与things连用意为“医生处理不当”，故选[D]。

选项[A]treat意为“治疗”，常与sb. 连用；选项[B]deal常与with搭配；选项[C]maneuver意为“有策略、有手腕地操纵；调遣”。

全句可译为：科别门类齐仝，对病人极为关注，高级的医疗设备以及医生为规避犯错而做出不懈努力，因为如果在医疗过程中出错的话，医生和医院就可能惹上官司，面临巨额罚金。

SSS_SIMPLE_SIN
8.
[A] which [B] that [C] what [D] when
A B C D
该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 0.5
答案:A
[解析] 语法题。

which引导定语从句，修饰the way, in which往往可以省略，例如：the way he treated his wife=the way in which he treated his wife。

其他选项均不符合题意。

SSS_SIMPLE_SIN
9.
[A] helped [B] financed [C] planned [D] controlled
A B C D
该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 0.5
答案:B
[解析] 语义辨析题。

finance动词，意为“取得资金，筹措资金”，与句中的organized并列，做题的线索在第5个空后所提供的线索“financial
risk”。

全句可译为：但现在美国人正陷入困境，问题就在于医疗保障体系的组织以及资金来源。

SSS_SIMPLE_SIN
10.
[A] Contrary [B] Opposed [C] Averse [D] Objected
A B C D
该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 0.5
答案:A
[解析] 语篇衔接与固定搭配题。

contrary to意为“与…相反”，例如：Contrary to our expectations, he was eliminated in the first round. (我们万万想不到，他第一轮就被淘汰了。

)本句提及医疗保障体系并不仅是一个自由竞争体系，下文讲到公共医疗保障体系已经与私人保障体系结合在一起了，所以是与公众的想法相反的，故选项[A]contrary符合题意。

选项
[B]opposed to意为“强烈反对”；选项[C]averse to意为“反对的，嫌恶的，不愿意的”；选项[D]objected to意为“反对，不赞同”，均不符合题意。

SSS_SIMPLE_SIN
11.
[A] looking for [B] looking into [C] looking after [D] looking over
A B C D
该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 0.5
答案:C
[解析] 搭配辨析题。

look after意为“照料，照顺”，原文指私人保障体系
不会照顾那些不走运的人以及老年人，可见此处应选[C]。

选项[A]look for意为“寻找”；选项[B]look into意为“调查”；选项[D]look over意为“检查，浏览”。

全句可译为：与公众的看法相反，这不仅仅是一个自由竞争体
系，庞大的公共保障体系已与私人保障体系结合在一起了，因为私人保障体系并不保障那些不太走运的人或老年人。

SSS_SIMPLE_SIN
12.
[A] which [B] what [C] that [D] it
A B C D
该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 0.5
答案:A
[解析] 语法题。

which引导一个非限定性定语从句，修饰名词短语this huge public part of the system，非限定性定语从句不能用that引导。

SSS_SIMPLE_SIN
13.
[A] over [B] out [C] off [D] away
A B C D
该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 0.5
答案:B
[解析] 词语搭配题。

leave out意为“省略，忽略，不考虑”，例如：The entire chapter was left out in the third edition. 原文意为：虽然有庞大的公共医疗保障体系，但仍有许多美国人被忽略了，享受不到该保障，故选项[B]正确。

leave over意为“留下，剩下；延期”，例如：questions left over by history; leave off意为“停止；不再穿/使用”，例如：When will the snow leave off? 选项[D]away不与leave连用，均不符合题意。

SSS_SIMPLE_SIN
14.
[A] for [B] in [C] with [D] on
A B C D
该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 0.5
答案:D
[解析] 惯用搭配题。

limit on sth. 意为“对…的限制”，此处用limit on 表示对于收入方面的限制，故选项[D]正确。

其他选项均不与limit搭配，故排除。

全句可译为：这些人中包括1100万失业人口中的一半以及那些家庭收入没有低到那个想方设法省钱的政府制订的收入标准线的人。

SSS_SIMPLE_SIN
15.
[A] over [B] on [C] under [D] behind
A B C D
该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 0.5
答案:A
[解析] 惯用搭配题。

control over sth. 意为“控制…”，故选项[A]正确。

选项[B]on和选项[D]behind不能与control搭配；选项[C]under可与control 连用，但应为：under control，意为“处于控制之下，情况正常”。

全句可译为：不过，最根本的问题在于缺乏对医疗保障体系集中的控制。

SSS_SIMPLE_SIN
16.
[A] boundary [B] restriction [C] confinement [D] limit
A B C D
该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 0.5
答案:D
[解析] 语义搭配题。

There's no limit to意为“对…没有限制”，原文意为：公众的偿付能力有限，然而对于医生和医院的收费却没有什么限制，故选项[D]正确。

选项[A]boundary意为“边界，界线”；选项[B]restriction意为“(人为)限制”；选项[C]confinement意为“(某特定期限内的)限制”，如监禁、分娩期、卧床期间等，均不符合题意。

SSS_SIMPLE_SIN
17.
[A] out [B] for [C] up [D] off
A B C D
该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 0.5
答案:C
[解析] 搭配辨析题：pay up的意思是“付清全部款项，缴清所要求的全部数额”；pay off的意思是“偿清(债务)，支付(债务的)全部数额”；pay out的意思是“把(钱)花掉，花费”；pay for的意思是“支付”。

在这里，pay off 和pay up都能入选，但pay up意思更贴切，pay off往往与债务有关。

全句
可译为：一旦生病，无论是牙疼、小孩生病还是心脏病，所有忧心忡忡的人们所能做的就只是付清账单。

SSS_SIMPLE_SIN
18.
[A] discovered [B] covered [C] recovered [D] ranged
A B C D
该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 0.5
答案:B
[解析] 语义辨析题。

cover在这里属于熟词僻义，意思是“涉及，包含”；recover意为“恢复”；discover意思是“发现”；range的意思是“包括(从…到…)之间的各类事物”。

全句意为：2/3的美国人享受医疗保险。

SSS_SIMPLE_SIN
19.
[A] knowing [B] to know [C] they know [D] known
A B C D
该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 0.5
答案:A
[解析] 语法题。

knowing that是现在分词作状语，说明医生索要高价的原
因。

全句可译为：医生知道保险公司会付账单，所以就尽可能高地索价。

SSS_SIMPLE_SIN
20.
[A] on [B] with [C] in [D] for
A B C D
该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 0.5
答案:C
[解析] 惯用搭配题。

in general意为“总的来说”。

其他选项均不能与general连用。

全句可译为：在1981年，该国医疗费用上涨了15%——几乎是普通物价上涨的2倍。

Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)
Text 1
Data security used to be all about spending big bucks on firewalls to defend data at the network perimeter and on antivirus software to protect **puters. Internet-**puting, or **puting, has changed all that, at the same time expanding exponentially the chances for data thieves and hackers.
The cloud creates other opportunities too. a handful of security vendors now deliver security as a service--a one-two punch of hardware and software that monitors and manages an enterprise's data security and bills customers only for **puting power they use. "For years, security was about **panies pushing technology to their customers," says Qualys CEO and founder Philippe Courtot. "Now it's about the customers pulling precisely what they need and providing them with those resources on demand. "
Qualys, a privately **pany in Redwood Shores, Calif. , was among the first to embrace the service-oriented model, in 1999. Today four different modules of QualysGuard, its flagship offering, are used by more than 3500 organizations in 85 countries. **pany performs more than 200 million security audits per year.
Courtot knows something about opportunity. The French entrepreneur arrived in Silicon Valley in 1987 and has built a number of companies into big-time players, including Signio, an electronic-payment start-up that was eventually sold to VeriSign in a combined deal for more than $1 billion. As CEO, he rebuilt Verity and transformed cc:Mail, a once unknown firm of 12 people, into a dominant e-mail platform before Lotus acquired it in 1991. "Throughout my career, I've been able to recognize that for a technology to succeed, it must have a purpose," he says. "Technology itself has no value. It's what you do with it that counts. "
Under the old paradigm, according to Courtot, enterprises overspent
for stand-alone security devices that became unruly and difficult to operate over the long term He says Qualys attacks the flaws in this strategy by streamlining security and tackling most of the service delivery through the cloud. "We control the infrastructure, software updates, quality assurance and just about everything in between," he says. The firm unveiled QualysGuard in 2000. After an infusion of $ 25 million from the venture firm Trident Capital and another $ 25 million from Gourtot, Qualys tweaked the service to focus mostly on vulnerability management.
Much of **pany's current revenue-sales, topped $ 50 million last year--is being driving by a set of standards established by the Payment Card Industry Security Standards Council (PCISSC). "The PCI standard has been a major driver of business for all of them, especially Qualys," says Avivah Litan, a vice president and analyst at market-research firm Gartner. "When everyone has to comply,
there's a lot of work to go around. \
SSS_SIMPLE_SIN
1.
The traditional way to ensure data security is by ______.
[A] applying for **puting [B] installing firewalls and antivirus programs
[C] decreasing the chances for hackers [D] using a handful of hardwares and softwares
A B C D
该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2
答案:B
[解题思路] 题目中traditional way是关键词，对应第一段第一句中used to be。

第一段中提到人们过去花一大笔钱在网络的边界安装防火墙和杀毒软件来保护网络上的资料和个人电脑，故[B]正确。

云计算是一项新技术，而非保护资料的传统做法，故[A]不正确。

第一段最后一句中提到，减少黑客入侵的机会是采取云计算产生的结果，而不是保护资料的做法，故[C]不符合题意。

[D]在第二段中提及，属于新技术，也不是传统做法，故排除。

SSS_SIMPLE_SIN
2.
The phrase "one-two punch" (Line 2, Paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to ______.
[A] fight [B] negative effect [C] small size [D] combination
A B C D
该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2
答案:D
[解题思路] 本题考查的是对复合词意思的推断，punch意为“(用拳的)一击；一拳”。

第二段介绍云创造了其他的机会——少数安全软件供应商把安全作为一项服务，所以可推测应该有许多硬件和软件被开发来共同服务于消费者，故
[D]正确。

[A]是对punch一词字面意思的理解，而根据文意，此处不可能是指软件和硬件之间的斗争。

既然作为一项服务，就应克服负面效应，故排除[B]。

下文并没有涉及规模大小的问题，故[C]不正确。

SSS_SIMPLE_SIN
3.
What's Courtot's contribution to cc:Mail?
[A] He transformed co.. Mail into a dominant e-mail platform.
[B] He tackled most of the service delivery through the cloud.
[C] He pushed technology to their customers.
[D] He invested a lot of money to ensure customers' security.
A B C D
该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2
答案:A
[解题思路] 文章第四段谈到了考特对cc：Mail公司的贡献——他来到硅谷，建立了许多一流公司，并且重新组建Verity，把一家不为人知的只有12个人的cc：Mail公司变成了主要的电子邮件平台，因此[A]正确。

其他选项都是无中生有，并非是考特的贡献。

SSS_SIMPLE_SIN
4.
According to the text, which one about Qualys is TRUE?
[A] It is a state-owned **pany.
[B] It is the **pany that supports service-oriented model.
[C] It can streamline security and tackle most of service delivery.
[D] It doesn't focus mostly on vulnerability management.
A B C D
该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2
答案:C
[解题思路] 文章倒数第二段第二句中提到Qualys attacks the flaws in this strategy by streamlining security and tackling most of the service delivery through the cloud，[C]是对此句的同义转述，符合题意。

第三段开头提到Qualys，a privately **pany，故[A]不正确。

第三段第一句提到它是第一批支持服务型模式的公司之一，而没有明确指出它是第一个，故[B]不正确。

文章倒数第二段最后一句提到Qualys tweaked the service to focus mostly on vulnerability management，故[D]不正确。

SSS_SIMPLE_SIN
5.
The author's attitude towards the PCI standard is
[A] supportive [B] critical [C] opposed [D] nonchalant
A B C D
该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2
答案:A
[解题思路] 文章最后一段末句提到了支持观点——每个人都应当遵守，但还有很长的路要走。

作者引用这些人的观点来陈述自己鼓励新技术的发展，[A]符合题意。

[B]和[C]表述意思相反，故排除。

[D]不符合文意，故不正确。

Text 2
If there is one thing scientists have to hear, it is that the game is over. Raised on the belief of an endless voyage of discovery, they recoil from the suggestion that most of the best things have already been located. If they have, today's scientists can hope to contribute no more than a few grace notes to the symphony of science.
A book to be published in Britain this week, The End of Science, argues persuasively that this is the case. Its author, John Horgan, is a senior writer for Scientific American magazine, who has interviewed many of today's leading scientists and science philosophers. The shock of realizing that science might be over came to him, he says, when he was talking to Oxford mathematician and physicist Sir Roger Penrose.
The End of Science provoked a wave of denunciation in the United States last year. "The reaction has been one of complete shock and disbelief, "Mr. Horgan says.
The real question is whether any remaining unsolved problems, of which there are plenty, lend themselves to universal solutions. If they do not, then the focus of scientific discovery is already narrowing. Since the triumphs of the 1960s—the genetic code, plate tectonics, and the microwave background radiation that went a long way towards proving the Big Bang—genuine scientific revolutions have been scarce. More scientists are now alive, spending more money on research, that ever. Yet most of the great discoveries of the 19th and 20th centuries were made before the appearance of state sponsorship, when the scientific enterprise was a fraction of its present size.
Were the scientists who made these discoveries brighter than today's? That seems unlikely. A far more reasonable explanation is that fundamental science has already entered a period of diminished returns. "Look, don't get me wrong," says Mr Horgan. "There are lots of important things still to study, and applied science and engineering can go on for ever. I hope we get a cure for cancer, and for mental disease, though there are few real signs of progress.\
SSS_SIMPLE_SIN
6.
The sentence "most of the best things have already been located" could mean______.
A. most of the best things have already been changed
B. most of the best things remain to be changed
C. there have never been so many best things waiting to be discovered
D. most secrets of the world have already been discovered
A B C D
该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2
答案:D
“世界上大部分秘密已经被揭开”。

正如文章第一段所示，科学家最不愿听到的是游戏已经结束。

由于他们一直相信科学的发现是一场无尽头的旅程，他们很难接受下列这种说法，即最好的东西大都已经被找到，也就是说最伟大的发现大都已经完成。

如果它们真的被找到了，那么，今天的科学家充其量也就是在科学的交响乐上再加上几个装饰音符而已了。

言外之意，今天的科学家不会再有什么伟大发现了，至多会给前人的发现起到一点补充的作用。

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7.
John Horgan______.
Ⅰ. has published a book entitled The End of Science
Ⅱ. has been working as an editor of Scientific American
Ⅲ. has been working many years as a literary critic
Ⅳ. is working as a science writer
A. Ⅰ and
Ⅱ B. Ⅰ
C. Ⅰ and
Ⅳ D. Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅳ
A B C D
该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2
答案:C
从文章的第二段我们可以得知，John Horgan即是The End of Science一书的作者，又是Scientific American杂志的资深撰稿人。

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8.
There have not been many genuine scientific revolutions in the past few decades because______.
A. there have been decreased returns in the research of fundamental science
B. there are too many important things for scientists to study
C. applied science and engineering take up too much time and energy
D. today's scientists are not as intelligent as those in the past
A B C D
该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2
答案:A
“在基础科学研究上，所取得的收益已减少”。

文章的最后一段中的第三句对此作出了明确的解答。

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9.
The term "the Big Bang" probably refers to______.
A. the genetic code theory
B. a geological theory
C. a theory of the origin of the universe
D. the origin and the power of atomic energy
A B C D
该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2
答案:C
“有关宇宙起源的理论”。

用“Big Bang”来解释宇宙起源的理论。

然而对C
项的选择，原文对此表示并不明朗。

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10.
The best title of this passage can be______.
A. Great Scientific Discoveries Will Never Be Possible
B. The Harsh Challenge Has to Be Met by Modern Scientists
C. The State Sponsorship and Scientific Enterprise Are All in Vain
D. The Chance for Great Scientific Discoveries Becomes Scarce
A B C D
该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2
答案:D
“进行伟大科学发现的机会减少”。

文章的第一段表达了这一观点，最后一段对产生这种现象的原因做出解释。

Text 3
For me, scientific knowledge is divided into mathematical sciences, natural sciences or sciences dealing with the natural world (physical and biological sciences), and sciences dealing with mankind (psychology, sociology, all the sciences of cultural achievements, every kind of historical knowledge).
Apart from these sciences is philosophy, about which we will
talk later. In the first place, all this is pure or theoretical knowledge, sought only for the purpose of understanding, in order to fulfill the need to understand that is intrinsic and con-substantial to man. What distinguishes man from animals is that he knows and needs to know. If man did not know that the world existed, and that the world was of a certain kind, that he was in the world and that he himself was of a certain kind, he wouldn't be man. The technical aspects or applications of knowledge are equally necessary for man and are of the greatest importance, because they also contribute to
defining him as man and permit him to pursue a life increasingly more truly human.
But even while enjoying the results of technical progress, man must defend the primacy and autonomy of pure knowledge. Knowledge sought directly for its practical applications will have immediate and foreseeable success, but not the kind of important result whose revolutionary scope is for the most part unforeseen, except by the imagination of the Utopians. Let me recall a well-known example. If the Greek mathematicians had not applied themselves to the investigation of conic section zealously and without the least suspicion that it might someday be useful, it would not have been possible centuries later to navigate far from shore. The first men to study the nature of electricity could not imagine that their experiments, carried on because o mere intellectual curiosity, would eventually lead to modern electrical technology, without which we can scarcely conceive o contemporary life.
Pure knowledge is valuable for its own sake, because the human spirit cannot resign itself to ignorance. But, in addition, it is the foundation for practical results that would not have been reached if this knowledge had not been sought disinterestedly.
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11.
The author does not include among the sciences the study of
[A] literature.
[B] chemistry.
[C] astronomy.
[D] anthropology.
A B C D
该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2
答案:A
[注释] 细节类比题。

本题问：作者认为，科学中不包括研究什么?从全文看，作者只是谈自然科学，并没有涉及人文科学。

从第1段第1句中可以得到启示：“除了这些科学以外是哲学，对此我们以后再谈。

”[A]文学，与哲学可以类比。

故应选[A]。

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12.
In the author's view, the Greeks who studied conic sections
[A] were mathematicians.
[B] worked with electricity.
[C] were interested in navigation.
[D] were unaware of the value of their studies.
A B C D
该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2
答案:D
[注释] 细节理解题。

本题问：在作者看来，研究网锥体的希腊人当时如何?第3段第4句写道：“如果希腊数学家不热心致力于研究圆锥体的截面，而且丝毫没有想到，这种研究有朝一日会有用，那么几个世纪以后就不可能有远离海岸的航行。

”故应选[D]。

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13.
According to the text, the most important advances made by mankind most probably stem from
[A] innovations.
[B] the natural sciences.
[C] technical applications.
[D] apparently useless information.
A B C D
该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2
答案:D
[注释] 细节推理题。

本题问：人类取得的最重要进步很可能来自何处?第3段第5句写道：“最初研究电的性质的人不会想到，他们的实验——只是出于对知识的好奇心而进行的——会最终导致现代的电气技术。

没有电气技术我们就几乎无法想象现代生活。

”由此推理，人类取得的许多重要进步来自于表面上无用的信息。

故应选[D]。

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14.
The author mentions electrical technology in paragraph 3 most probably to
[A] confirm its importance in the modern world.
[B] show the powerful influence of its inventions.
[C] verify the usefulness of theoretical knowledge.
[D] give an example of success in practical science.
A B C D
该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2
答案:C
[注释] 逻辑结构题。

本题问：作者在第3段中提到电气技术很可能是为了什么?第3段第1句是段落主题句，它写道：“但是即使人类在享受技术进步的成果时，他也必须维护理论知识的首要性和自主性。

”这是本段的论点。

接着作者以对圆锥体和电的理论研究来证明理论知识的有用性，即理论科学是应用科学的基础。

可见，作者在第3段中提到电气技术是为了证明理论知识是有用的。

故正确答案非[C]莫属。

[D]是强干扰项，属就事论事、偏离主题；其他选项之所以不能入选是因为没有说明论据与论点之间的逻辑关系。

此类题很重要，明年必考。

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15.
The title which best expresses the idea of this text is
[A] Progress in Pure Science.
[B] Learning for Its Own Sake.
[C] Man's Science and Inventions.
[D] Difference between Science and Technology.
A B C D
该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2
答案:B
[注释] 全文主旨题。

本题问：本文的最佳标题是什么?本文是用归纳法写的。

全文主题句是最后一段第一句：“理论知识本身就是珍贵的，因为人类的灵魂不能听任于无知。

”可见，本文主要论述，研究理论科学是为了了解世界，是纯粹的知识探究。

故应选[B]。

注意：intrinsic固有的。

con-substantial同体的。

autonomy自主性。

zealously and without the least suspicion热情地并丝毫也没有想到。

for the most part大部分，主要地。

Utopian乌托邦，理想主义。

disinterestedly不偏不倚地。

resign oneself to听任；顺从。

Text 4
Globally, recovery is going slightly better than expected, according to the IMF, which released its latest World Economic Outlook today. After shrinking by 0.6% last year, the global economy is likely to expand by 4.2% in 2010, 0.3% faster than the IMF projected in January. But economic performances will continue to vary widely around the world. Much of the upward revision to global growth can be attributed to a better outlook for the American economy. The IMF revised its forecast for American economic expansion in 2010 up 0.4%, to 3.1%. There was no change, by contrast, for the euro area, which already faced a poorer growth outlook. The Euro area economy may only grow by 1% in 2010 and 1.5% in 2011. And much of the job of expansion will be handled by Germany and France, while southern European growth continues to lag. Spain's economy will continue to shrink in 2010.
But the outlook is brightening for many emerging economies, including those in central and eastern Europe, for which growth forecasts were revised up by 0.8%. Developing Asia is enjoying a strong recovery, and the IMF indicated that both India and Brazil are likely to perform much better this year than initially anticipated, notching (赢得) growth rates of 8.8% and 5.5%, respectively.
The report suggested that planned stimulus measures for 2010 should be fully implemented, given the fragility of recovery, but it also noted that sovereign debt worries will become more severe as the year progresses. Debt issues are likely to prove especially problematic in Europe, which has the highest debt ratios and the slowest expected growth rates. The stressed southern European nations are in a damned-if-they-do-damned-if-they-don't position. If little
action is taken on debt, rising debt costs will choke of an already weak recovery. If aggressive action is taken, the blow to aggregate demand will likewise undermine growth.
Around the world, trade and production have recovered strongly, but employment remains well below prerecession levels in most countries. Labour market weakness is helping to keep inflation expectations in check; the IMF forecasts consumer price increases in developed nations of 1.5% in 2010 and 1.4% in 2011. But the return to strong growth is **modity prices once more. Oil prices may increase
by 30% in 2010, said the IMF, a rise 7% larger than projected in January.
The overall picture is of a remarkable turnaround in global fortunes, given the depth of the recession. The year's performance is much better than many would have dared to hope early last year. But
in parts of Europe, the future is somewhat less certain, and because that uncertain future could lead to sovereign debt crises that could potentially rattle financial markets, world leaders should remain vigilant.
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16.
According to the first paragraph, what is the situation of the world economy?
[A] The recovery of global economy is slower than expected.
[B] Global economy is recovering somewhat better than expected.
[C] Economy in Euro area will not grow any more in the future.
[D] American economy faces a poorer growth outlook.
A B C D
该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2
答案:B
[解题思路] 通过题干可将答案定位到第一段。

首句明确提到recovery is going slightly better than expected，[B]是对本句的同义转述，故[B]正确。

[A]与[B]冲突，可排除。

第一段倒数第三句提到，“欧元区经济可能在2010年仅仅增长1%，2011年增长1.5%”，虽然增长速度缓慢，但还是有增长
的趋势，故[C]不正确。

第一段第四句提到“许多全球经济增长的改变可以归因于美国经济较好的前景”，由此可知美国经济的前景是繁荣而不是萧条，所以[D]不正确。

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17.
The economic performance around the world will ______.
[A] be in the same rate [B] all develop rapidly
[C] be various in different areas [D] not be upward
A B C D
该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2
答案:C
[解题思路] 综合第一段可知，世界上不同的地方经济发展速度不同，同时给出了具体的例子，故可知[C]正确。

[A]表达的意思与文意相反，故排除。

文章第
二段开头点明经济形势对于新兴经济实体来说是光明的，而并不是对所有国家
来说都是形势一片大好，故[B]和[D]的观点都太片面，不正确。

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18.
The main economic problem of Southern European nations is ______.
[A] fragility of
recovery [13] unemployment
[C] debt
issues [D] decrease of productivity
A B C D
该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2
答案:C
[解题思路] 第三段着重阐述了欧洲经济的问题所在。

总结整段可得出欧洲主要的经济问题是债务危机，结合第二句提到，债务危机有可能很成问题，尤其是
在欧洲，由此可知[C]为正确答案。

本段首句虽然提到复苏的脆弱性，但接下来转折到国债问题将会变得更加严峻，因此两者相比，债务问题是首要的，故排
除[A]。

第四段首句提出就业问题是全世界的问题，并不只是欧洲的问题，故排除[B]。

文中并未提及生产力的问题，故[D]错误。

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19.
By saying "damned-if-they-do-damned-if-they-don't" (Line 4, Paragraph
3), the author means______.
[A] the situation will become worse no matter what they will do
[B] southern European nations will take actions to solve the problem
[C] the situation will become better if they take actions
[D] The growth of economy will be hindered if they take actions
A B C D
该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2
答案:A
[解题思路] 根据题干定位到第三段第三句，通过分析上下文我们可以得出答案。

上文阐述了欧洲的经济问题，下文指出“如果采取有限措施应对债务危
机，上升的债务费用将会抑制已经很脆弱的经济复苏。

如果采取过激的措施，
对总需求的打击也同样会削减增长”，很显然这是陷入了两难的境地，所以[A]为正确答案。

[B]、[C]和[D]表述都与原文不符，故排除。

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20.。