研究生英语阅读教程(基础级2版)课文12及其翻译

Does Economic Growth (development) Improve Human Morale?
By David G. Myers
[1] During the mid-1980s my family and I spent a sabbatical year in the historic town of St. Andrews, Scotland. Comparing life there with life in America, we were impressed by a seeming disconnection between national wealth and well-being (happiness). To most Americans, Scottish life would have seemed Spartan. Incomes were about half that (income) in the U. S. Among families in the Kingdom of Fife surrounding (around) St. Andrews, 44 percent did not own a car, and we never met a family that owned two. Central heating in this place not far south of Iceland was, at that time, still a luxury.
[2] In hundreds of conversations during our year there and during three half-summer stays since (since then), we repeatedly noticed that, despite (=in spite of) their simpler living, the Scots appeared no less joyful (happy) than Americans. We heard complaints about Margaret Thatcher, but never about being underpaid or unable to afford (pay for) wants (necessities). With less money there was no less satisfaction with living, no less warmth of spirit, no less pleasure (happiness) in one another's company. Are rich American is happier? [accompany sb. to somewhere]
[3] Within any country, such as our own, are rich people happier? In poor countries, such as Bangladesh and India, being relatively well off (rich) does make for (cause/ bring about) somewhat (a little) greater well being (happiness). Psychologically as well as (=and) materially, it is much better to be high caste than low caste. We humans need food, rest, warmth, and social contact.
[4] But in affluent (rich) countries, where nearly everyone can afford life's necessities, increasing affluence matters (vi.) surprisingly little. In the USA, Canada, and Europe, the correlation between income and happiness is, as University of Michigan researcher Ronald Ingle-hart noted in 1980s 16-nation study, "surprisingly weak [indeed, virtually (actually) negligible]". Happiness is lower among the very poor. But once (they are) comfortable, more money provides diminishing returns. The second piece of pie, or the second $ 50, 000, never tastes as good as the first. So (As) far as happiness is concerned, it hardly matters (vi.) whether one drives a BMW or, like so many of the Scots, walks or rides a bus.
[5] Even very rich people -- the Forbes' 100 wealthiest (richest) Americans surveyed by University of Illinois psychologist Ed Diener -- are only slightly happier than average (the ordinary people). With net (<->gross) worth all exceeding (surpassing) $ 100 million, providing ample (enough) money to buy things they don't need and hardly care about, 4 in 5 of the 49 people responding to the survey agreed that "Money can increase OR decrease happiness, depending on how it is used." And some (people) were indeed unhappy. One fabulously (extremely) wealthy man said he could never remember being happy. One woman reported that money could not undo (correct) misery caused by her children's problems. Does economic growth improve human morale? (net weight<->gross weight)
[6] We have scrutinized (examined) the American dream of achieved wealth and well-being (happiness) by comparing rich and unrich countries, and rich and unrich people. That (analysis) leaves the final question: Over time (in the long run), does happiness rise (increase) with affluence (wealth)?
[7] Typically (Absolutely) not. Lottery winners appear (seem) to gain (get) but (only) a temporary jolt of joy (happiness) from (because of) their winnings. Looking back, they feel
delighted (happy) to have won. Yet the euphoria doesn't last (vi.). In fact, previously enjoyed activities such as reading may become less pleasurable (pleasant). Compared to the high (high spirit) of winning a million dollars, ordinary pleasures (become) pale.
[8] On a smaller scale, a jump in our income can boost (promote/ increase) our morale, for a while (a short time). "But in the long run," notes Inglehart, "neither an ice cream cone nor a new car nor becoming rich and famous produces（bring about）the same feelings of delight that it initially did. Happiness is not the result of being rich, but a temporary consequence (result) of having recently become richer." Ed Diener's research confirms that those whose incomes have increased over a 10-year period are not happier than those whose income has not increased. Wealth, it therefore seems, is like health: Although its utter (complete) absence can breed (produce/ lead to) misery, having it does not guarantee happiness. Happiness is less a matter of getting what we want than of wanting (enjoy) what we have.
Are we happier today?
[9] We can also ask whether, over time, our collective (total/ comprehensive) happiness has floated upward (increase) with the rising economic tide. Are we happier today than in 1940, when two out of five homes (families) lacked a shower or bathtub, heat often meant feeding a furnace wood or coal, and 35 percent of homes had no toilet? Or consider 1957, when economist John Galbraith was about to describe the United States as The Affluent Society. Americans' per person income, expressed in today's dollars, was less than $ 8,000. Today it is more than $ 16, 000, thanks to increased real wages into the 1970s, increased nonwage income, and the doubling of married women's employment. Compared to 1957, we are therefore "the doubly affluent society"—with double what money buys including twice as many cars per person, not to mention microwave ovens, big screen color TVs, home computers, and $ 200 billion a year spent in restaurants and bars -- two and a half times our 1960 inflation-adjusted restaurant spending per person. From 1960 to 1990, the percentage of us with
·dishwashers zoomed from 7 to 45 percent, (zoom in=enlarge<->zoom out)
·clothes dryers rose from 20 to 69 percent,
·air conditioners soared from 15 to 70 percent.
Not best of times (for) the human spirit (morale)
[10] So, believing that a little more money would make us a little happier, and having seen our affluence ratchet upward little by little over nearly four decades, are we now happier?
[11] We are not (happy at all). Since 1957, the number telling the University of Chicago's National Opinion Research Center that they are "very happy" has declined from 35 to 30 percent. Twice as rich, and a little less happy. In fact, between 1956 and 1988, the percentage of Americans saying they were "pretty (very) well satisfied with your present financial situation" dropped from 42 to 30 percent. [live/ lead a happy/ miserable life]
[12] We are also more often downright (completely) miserable. Among Americans born since World War II, depression has increased dramatically –tenfold (ten times), reports University of Pennsylvania clinical researcher Martin Seligman. Today's 25-year-olds are much more likely (possible) to recall a time in their life when they were despondent (depressed) and despairing than are their 75-year-old grandparents, despite the grandparents having had many more years to suffer all kinds of disorder, from broken legs to the anguish of depression. Researchers debate the actual
extent (degree) of rising depression... but no matter how we define depression, the findings (discoveries) persist. Today's youth and young adults have grown up with much more affluence, slightly less overall happiness, and much greater risk of depression, not to mention tripled teen suicide and all the other social pathologies we have considered (discussed). Never has a culture (nation) experienced such physical comfort combined with such psychological misery. Never have we felt so free, or had our prisons so overstuffed. Never have we been so sophisticated (complicated) about pleasure, or so likely to suffer broken relationships.
[13] These are the best of times materially, "a time of elephantine (great) vanity and greed" observes Garrison Keillor, but they are not the best times for the human spirit. William Bennett, no critic of free market economies, is among those who recognize (find) the futility (uselessness) of economics without ethics and money without a mission (goal/ purpose): "If we have full employment and greater economic growth -- if we have cities of gold and alabaster -- but our children have not learned how to walk in goodness, justice, and mercy, then the American experiment, not matter how gilded (beautiful), will have failed." (1, 208 words)
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
David Myers is a social psychologist and a communicator (writer) of psychological science to college students and the general public.
EXERCISES
Answer the following questions or complete the following statements.
1. What struck the author during his stay in St. Andrews, Scotland?
A. The historic town of St. Andrews, Scotland.
B. Obvious disconnection between national wealth and well-being.
C. The natural beauty of St. Andrews, Scotland.
D. The unwealthy yet peaceful life in St. Andrews, Scotland.
2. What did the Scots think about their simple life?
A. They were unsatisfied with the simple life and complained a lot.
B. They blamed Margaret Thatcher for the poor living standard.
C. They never complained, though they were unable co afford wants.
D. They were happy and satisfied with their simple life.
3. What's the difference that affluence makes between poor countries and rich ones?
A. In poor countries, affluence matters surprisingly little while in rich countries affluence matters a great deal.
B. In poor countries, affluence doesn't matter while in rich countries affluence matters a great deal.
C. Increasing affluence means the same for people both in rich countries and in poor ones.
D. Affluence makes great difference in poor countries while it matters surprisingly little in rich ones.
4. What does the author imply by "The second piece of pie never tastes as good as the first."?
A. You will never have the same feeling if you are full.
B. Driving a BMW is the same as walking or riding a bike once you have enough to eat.
C. Once people have enough income for comfortable life, then more income provides diminishing returns.
D. For the poor people they will not refuse to have something more.
5. What is the attitude of the wealthiest Americans towards money and happiness?
A. Money could either increase or decrease happiness, depending on how it is used.
B. Money could increase or decrease happiness, depending on how much money one owns.
C. Money could not bring happiness but troubles.
D. Money could bring neither happiness nor troubles.
6. According to the author, what is the consequence of becoming rich?
A. Troubles.
B. A high spirit.
C. Miseries.
D. Temporary happiness.
7. Why does the author say that wealth is like health?
A. Health and wealth are both blessings, yet having both does not ensure happiness.
B. The more wealth one has, the happier one is.
C. One will never be happy if he is rich, but in poor health.
D. Both money and health are essential to happiness.
8. What are the causes of the rising income of Americans?
A. Increased real wages and decreased nonwage income.
B. Decreased nonwage income and working women.
C. Increased nonwage income and more married working women.
D. Increased real wages but decreased married women's employment.
9. What is culturally typical of today's American society?
A. More affluent and more comfortable.
B. Physical comfort combined with psychological misery.
C. More affluent yet less comfortable.
D. More affluent and less psychologically depressed.
10. What's the main idea of the passage?
A. Wealth can't ensure the improvement of human morale.
B. People in poor countries enjoy life more than those do in poor countries.
C. Human beings need both health and wealth in order to have a happy life.
D. It is the best time for human wealth as well as happiness.
II. Vocabulary
A. Choose the best word from the tour choices to complete each of the following sentences.
1. In 1977, I took my first ever _____ year and spent a couple of months at the Australian National University in Canberra.
A. underpaid
B. sabbatical
C. prosperous
D. affluent
2. He has had _____ opportunity to exercise leadership, which he almost invariably directs along positive channels, and has improved in the various skills.
A. ample
B. utter (complete/ thorough)
C. messy
D. greedy
3. Presumably (perhaps) they are paid their _____ salaries to spot (look for) errors such as these.
A. despairing
B. fabulous (unbelievable)
C. depressing
D. sympathetic
4. It still depends on flow-patterns, even when the air is so thin as to be almost _____.
A. diminishing
B. tripled
C. negligible
D. perceivable (=comprehensive)
5. This would carry with it a responsibility on their part to help devise (design) the tests, or at
least to _____ their content.
A. boost (increase/ promote)
B. bread
C. guarantee
D. scrutinize (examine)
6. But he was already affected (influenced) by a(n) _____ which induced courage and recklessness.
A. euphoria
B. mission (task)
C. (idea->) ideology
D. bewilderment (confusion)
7. Not only was there physical weakness but also intense loneliness and sometimes mental
_____ due to (because of) lack of occupation (job) in the "workhouse" (workshop/ factory/ company) and the chronic sick wards.
A. morale
B. enthusiasm
C. starvation (=hanger)
D. anguish(extreme pain)
8. Worst of all is the sense (feeling) of utter (thorough) _____ because it is far too late to change anything.
A. luxury
B. possession
C. futility
D. dominance
9. The (mode<->) mood was (desperate->) despairing, _____ and war-weary pathetic (poor/pitiful) rather than rebellious.
A. deficient
B. destructive
C. despondent (depressed)
D. declining (fall)
10. She was born friendly and intelligent with none of the _____ so often associated with beautiful women.
A. vanity
B. caste
C. lottery
D. eternity (eternal: adj.)
B. Choose the best word or expression from the list given for each blank. Use each word or expression only once and make proper changes where necessary.
well off necessity diminish undo persist
well-being underpay downright zoom delight
1. This suggests that Sterling's strength, unwelcome though it seemed, may actually have been conductive (helpful) to Britain's economic well-being (health/ development).
2. The coal miners complain that they are ridiculously underpaid, especially as the work is so dangerous.
3. We have seen the value of our house diminish substantially (considerably) over the last six months.
4. It's very difficult to u ndo (correct) the damage that's caused by inadequate (improper) parenting (parental education) in a child's early years.
5. The company's benefits zoomed (increase) from nil (zero/ naught) in 1981 to about $ 16 million last year. (zoom in=enlarge; zoom out)
6. But she was an orphan, and the uncle and aunt with whom she lived were not at all well off (rich).
7. For some women at this stage, cooking can become an absorbing (attractive) hobby rather than the necessity of life it was when there were others to feed -- a social pleasure or simply (only) a personal indulgence (favor/ preference).
8. Those words uttered (spoken) by some political leaders would sound banal (cliché) and from one or two others downright phony (adj. n. false).
9. Call your doctor for advice if symptoms persist for more than a few days.
10. Yet there is much of scenic and historic interest here to delight (make sb. happy/ happiness)
the leisurely visitor. (scene->scenery->scenic)
III. Cloze
There are ten blanks in the following passage. Read the passage ea fully and choose the best answer front the four chokes given below the passage.
Millions of people, especially in cities, find that life has become a dizzying and exhausting (tiring/ tiresome) rush (run). This is particularly (especially) so in Western lands (countries). At a recent meeting in the United States, a speaker asked his audience to 1 raise their hands if they felt tired much of the time (most of the time). Instantly, 2 a sea of hands went up. (If you can make it in New York, you can make it anywhere else; make it=succeed/ make a living) The book Why Am I So Tired? says: "Modern life is full of
list is endless."
In years 4 gone (passed) by, life was simpler, and the pace of life was slower. People tended to live more peacefully (live in harmony). Daytime was for work, and nighttime was for one's family and for bed. Today, there are a number of reasons why people feel 5 increasingly tired and fatigued.
One factor may be that people sleep less. And one of the more significant (important) developments that caused the change was the, 6 arrival of the electric light. With the flick of a humans could control the length of the "day", and people soon began 7
(=sitting up late). Indeed, many had little choice in the matter because factories began to operate 8 around the clock and service industries extended their hours.
Other technological radio, TV, and the personal computer, have
also played a role (part) in
10 turn up (turn out/ appear) at work sleepy and tired after a long night's viewing (watching). Home computers, and the endless distractions that they offer, also tempt (attract) millions to stay up late.
1. A. rise B. arise C. raise D. arouse
2. A. a sea of B. a flock of C. a bunch of D. a band of
3. A. interests B. advances C. tensions D. conflicts
4. A. to come B. gone by C. to go D. passed away
5. A. greatly B. intensively C. increasingly D. comprehensively
6. A. display B. arrival C. demonstration D. announcement
7. A. keeping on B. staying up C. sitting about D. standing for
8. A. the clock round B. against the clock C. by the clock D. around the clock
9. A. disturbing B. dividing C. detecting D. depriving
10. A. tune in B. tear off C. turn up D. take in
IV. Translation
Put the following ports into Chinese.
1. To most Americans, Scottish life would have seemed Spartan. Incomes were about half that in the U. S. Among families in the Kingdom of Fife surrounding St. Andrews, 44 percent did not
own a car, and we never met a family that owned two. Central heating in this place not far south of Iceland was, at that time, still a luxury.
对绝大多数美国人而言，苏格兰人的生活可称得上清贫，其收入大约仅为美国人的一半。

在圣安德鲁斯附近的法夫地区，44 ％的家庭没有汽车，我们也从未遇见过哪个家庭拥有两辆汽车。

那个时候，在这个离冰岛南部不远的地方，中央暖气系统仍是一种奢侈品。

2. We heard complaints about Margaret Thatcher, but never about being underpaid or unable to afford wants. With less money there was no less satisfaction with living, no less warmth of spirit, no less pleasure in one another's company.
我们听到了人们对玛格丽特·撒切尔夫人的抱怨，但却从未听到有人抱怨工资太低或没有能力购买想要的东西。

虽然钱比美国人挣得少一些，但对生活的满足、对人的热情、朋友相聚的愉悦却一点儿都不比美国人少。

3. Wealth, it therefore seems, is like health: Although its utter absence can breed misery, having it does not guarantee happiness. Happiness is less a matter of getting what we want than of wanting what we have.
如此看来，财富好比健康：虽然赤贫会导致悲惨，但有钱并不能保证幸福。

幸福，与其说是得到我们想要的东西，不如说是想要我们拥有的东西。

4. Today's 25-year-olds are much more likely to recall a time in their life when they were despondent and despairing than are their 75-year-old grandparents, despite the grandparents having had many more years to suffer all kinds of disorder, from broken legs to the anguish of depression.
今天25 岁的年轻人会比75 岁的祖父母更多地回想起生活中那段消沉、绝望的日子，尽管祖父母曾在更长的岁月中经受过各种各样的痛苦，从腿部骨折到经济萧条所带来的极度痛苦。

5. Never have a culture experienced such physical comfort combined with such psychological misery. Never have we felt so free, or had our prison so overstuffed. Never have we been so sophisticated about pleasure, or so likely to suffer broken relationships.
从来没有哪个文化曾经经历过物质的舒适与精神的悲苦如此交织在一起的情景。

我们也从来未感到像现在这样自由，然而我们的监狱却从未像现在这样人满为患。

我们对快乐的理解也从来未像现在这样精深，然而我们却更有可能承受着破裂的人际关系所带来的痛苦。

V. Oral Practice and Discussion
1. Where did the author and his family spend their sabbatical year during the mid-1980s? What did they do and what did they discover?
2. What's the influence of wealth on people's life in rich countries?
3. Please compare the increasing percentage of domestic machine ownership in American families from 1960 to 1990.
4. What is the living condition of today's young people like according to researchers?
5. What's William Bennet's opinion about economic growth and human spirits?
6. It's well known that without money, no one can survive in this modern world. But does happiness increase with the accumulation of wealth? Please cite examples to support your point.
7. In your opinion, what is happiness? Does happiness take different forms on different stages of people's life? Please illustrate your point.
VOCABULARY ITEMS
1. sabbatical (year): adj. (of leave) given at intervals (periodically) to academics (scholars) for travel, study, etc. (大学教师)学术休假的
2. Spartan: adj. (of conditions) simple and harsh; without luxury or comforts (指环境）简陋而艰苦的，清贫的
3. caste: n. any of the hereditary Hindu social classes印度的社会等级
4. affluence: n. [U] abundance of money, goods or property; wealth丰富，富裕; affluent (adj. rich)
5. correlation: n. mutual relationship关联; relate A to B; relative(n.); relevant (a.)
6. negligible: adj. of little importance or size; not worth considering不重要的，很小的，不值得考虑的; neglect; can be neglected; negligence(n.)
7. ample: adj. (more than) enough足够的
8. fabulously: adv. incredibly/ unbelievably难以置信地
9. scrutinize: v. to look at or examine sth. carefully or thoroughly仔细或彻底检查某物
10. lottery: n. way of raising money by selling numbered tickets and giving prizes to the holders of numbered selected at random (发行彩票)抽彩给奖
11. jolt: n. sudden bump or shake; jerk震动；摇晃，颠簸; bumper
12. euphoria: n. [U] intense feeling of happiness and pleasant excitement愉快和兴奋的感觉
13. ratchet: n. device consisting of a toothed wheel or bar with a catch that fits between the teeth allowing movement in one direction only棘轮机构
14. despondent: adj. having or showing loss of hope; wretched失望，沮丧，消沉，苦恼的
15. anguish: n. [U] severe physical or mental pain (肉体或精神的)极度痛苦
16. triple: v. to grow to three times the amount or number增至三倍; tripod
17. pathology: n. scientific study of diseases of the body病理学
18. elephantine: adj. large and awkward like an elephant似象一样大而笨拙的
19. vanity: n. having too high an opinion of one's looks, abilities, etc; conceit自负，虚荣（心）; in vain; Vanity Fair
20. futility: n. [U] uselessness; pointlessness无效，无用，无益; futile: adj. useless
21. ethnics: n. moral correctness道德规范; ethnic: adj.
22. alabaster: n. [U] soft (usu. white) stone, like marble in appearance, often carved to make ornaments雪花石膏（一种质软而通常为白色的石料，貌似大理石，常用以雕刻成装饰品）
23. gild: v. to make (sth. ) bright as if with gold 使(某物)如金子般生光
NOTES
1. Fife: an administrative region in eastern Scotland; Cupar is the administrative center. region; area/ zone/ district
2. Bangladesh: in full, People's Republic of Bangladesh, republic of southern Asia, in the northeastern portion (part) of the Indian subcontinent, bordered on the west, north,' and east by India, on the southeast by Myanmar (formerly known as Burma), and on the south by the Bay of Bengal. (孟加拉)
3. $200 billion: Data from 1963 and 1995 Statistical Abstract of the United States. In 1992, Americans spent $ 200. 2 billion in eating and drinking places, 12.43 times the $ 16. 1 billion spent in 1960. Dividing 12.43 by the 3. 37-fold consumer price increase and 1. 4-fold population increase of this time period yields increased per person spending of 2. 4 times (or about 2. 5 times as of 1995).
4. Margaret Thatcher (1925-) : Margaret Hilda Roberts, British politician and prime minister (1979-1990). She earned degrees at Oxford University, then worked as a research chemist. As a
member of the Conservative Party's newly energetic right wing, she succeeded E. Heather as party leader in 1975. In 1979 she became Britain's first woman prime minister.
5. BMW: BMW stands in full for Bayerische Motoren Werke AD, German automaker. Founded in 1929, the company became known for its high-speed motorcycles.
6. Forbes: A business and finance magazine founded by Bertie Charles Forbes (1880-1954) in 1916. Bertie Charles Forbes was born in Scotland and emigrated (< immigrate)to the U. S. in 1904. He became a U. S. citizen in 191
7.
READING SELECTION B
How to Pursue Happiness
By Adair Lam
[1] A woman I know climbed on the bathroom scale after two weeks of butterless toast and chilly jogs around the park. The needle was still stuck on the number where she's started. This struck her as typical of how things had been going lately. She was destined never to be happy.
[2] As she dressed, scowling at her tight jeans, she found $ 20 in her pocket. Then her sister called with a funny story. When she hurried out to the car angry that she had to get gas -- she discovered her roommate had already filled the tank for her. And this was a woman who thought she'd never be happy.
[3] Every day, it seems, we're flooded with pop-psych advice about happiness. The relentless message is that there's something we're supposed to do to be happy -- make the right choices, or have the right set for beliefs about ourselves. Our Founding Fathers even wrote the pursuit of happiness into the Declaration of Independence.
[4] Coupled with this is the notion that happiness is a permanent condition. If we are not joyful all the time, we conclude there is a problem.
[5] Yet what most people experience is not a permanent state of happiness. It is something more ordinary, a mixture of what essayist Hugh Prather once called "unsolved problems, ambiguous victories and vague defeats with few moments of clear peace".
[6] Maybe you would not say yesterday was a happy day, because you had a misunderstanding with your boss. But were not there moments of happiness, moments of clear peace? Now that you think about it, wasn't there a letter from an old friend, or a stranger who asked where you got such a great haircut? You remember having a bad day, yet those good moments occurred.
[7] Happiness is like a visitor, a genial, exotic Aunt Tilly who turns up when you least expect her, orders an extravagant round of drinks and then disappears, trailing a lingering scent of gardenias. You can't command her appearance; you can only appreciate her when she does show up. And you can't force happiness to happen but you can make sure you are aware of it when it does.
[8] While you're walking home with a head full of problems, try to notice the sun set the windows of the city on fire. Listen to the shouts of kids playing basketball in the fading light, and feel your spirits rise, just from having paid attention.
[9] Happiness is an attitude, not a condition. It's cleaning the Venetian blinds while listening to an aria, or spending a pleasant hour organizing your closet. Happiness is your family assembled at dinner. It's in the present, not in the distant promise of a "someday when ..." How much luckier we are -- and how much more happiness we experience if we can fall in love with the life we're living.
[10] Happiness is a choice. Reach out for it at the moment it appears, like a balloon drifting
seaward in a bright blue sky. (498 words)
Reading Comprehension
Answer the following questions or complete the following statements.
1. The woman mentioned at the beginning of the text was destined never to be happy because _____.
A. she had butterless toast every morning
B. she had to jog every morning around the park
C. she had to weigh every day
D. she didn't lose any weight after a diet and exercises
2. The author mentions that the woman found $ 20 in her pocket to show that _____.
A. she was short of cash
B. her roommate wanted to borrow money from her
C. her daily life was filled with unexpected happiness
D. she was planning to pay her telephone bill
3. The statement that "Every day we're flooded with pop-psych advice about happiness" means _____.
A. pop-psych experts are eager to offer their opinions about happiness
B. people get a lot of advice about how to pursue happiness
C. people want to have the right set of beliefs about themselves
D. people want to make the right choice, so they turn to pop-psych experts for help
4. The author believes that happiness _____.
A. means to make the right choices
B. means to have the right beliefs
C. is not a permanent condition
D. is a mixture of feelings
5. Which of the following is mentioned as a moment of happiness？
A. Getting a letter from an old friend.
B. Winning a lottery.
C. Having a haircut.
D. Arguing with your boss.
6. According to the author, what should you do when you get a visitor you least expect to see?
A. You should turn away or pretend not to see him.
B. You should make a request that he should not appear.
C. You should accept the fact but let him know that he is not welcome.
D. You should accept the fact and appreciate him.
7. When you walk home with a head full of problems, you may try to _____.
A. call your boss for advice
B. have a drink with your aunt
C. play basketball with the kids
D. pay attention to the natural beauty around you
8 The author argues that happiness is a(n) _____.。