定语从句（附练习与答案详解）

定语从句（附练习与答案详解）
定语从句详解
定语从句及相关术语
1.定语从句：定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句，其作⽤是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分，相当于形容词，所以⼜称为形容词性从句，⼀般紧跟在它所修饰的先⾏词后⾯。

2.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。

关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有where, when, why等。

关系词常有3个作⽤：1.代替先⾏词。

2.引导定语从句。

3.
在定语从句中担当⼀个成分。

I met someone who said he knew you.我碰见⼀个⼈，他说他认识你。

（who代表someone,⼜引导从句修饰它，同时⼜在主句中担任主语）
The dog which was lost has been found.丢失的狗找着了。

（which代表dog,⼜引导定语从句修饰它，⼜在从句中担当主语）
The noise that he made woke everybody up.他弄出的声⾳把⼤家都吵醒了。

（that代表noise,⼜引导定语从句修饰它，⼜在从句中担任made的宾语）The car which(that) I hired broke down.
（）
定语从句分为限定性定语从句和⾮限定性定语从句
限定性定语从句：⼤多数定语从句对所修饰的词的意思加以限制，表⽰“…的⼈（或东西）”，这种从句成为限定性定语从句。

这种从句限制所修饰词的意思，如果把它拿掉，句⼦意思即不清楚，甚⾄失去意义，例如：
I knew the reason why he was so angry.我知道了他为什么那么⽣⽓的原因。

（若把从句why he was so angry去掉，句⼦意思则不清楚。

）
Madame Curie was a woman we admired.居⾥夫⼈是我们崇拜的⼥性。

（若把从句we admired去掉，句⼦就失去意义。

）
⾮限定性定语从句：另⼀种定语从句和主句关系不太紧密，对修饰词的意思没有限定作⽤，把它拿掉对句⼦基本上没有影响，句⼦依然完整。

它可以说是⼀个附加上去的成分，通常⽤逗号把它和句⼦其他部分分开，译成汉语时常可译成并列句。

这种句⼦只能由who（m）,whose或which引导：
Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.
查理史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的⽼师。

My dog, whose temper is very uncertain, often bites judges at dog shows.
我那条狗脾⽓捉摸不定，参加狗展时常咬裁判。

This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching.
这本⼩说很动⼈，我已经读了三遍。

限定性定语从句
⼀、关系代词（在句中作主语、宾语或定语）
11. that既可代表事物也可代表⼈，which代表事物；它们在从句中作主语或宾语，that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系
词，which在从句中作宾语也可以省略。

[eg：This is the book （which）you want.]
限制性定语从句只能⽤that的⼏种情况
●当先⾏词是anything, everything, nothing, few, all, none, little, some等不定代词时，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much，each等修饰时
Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li has said?
All that can be done has been done
There seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world.
There is little that I can do for you.
注意：当先⾏词指⼈时，偶尔也可以⽤who 如：Any man that/who has a sense of duty won’t do such a thing.
●当先⾏词被序数词修饰The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.
●当先⾏词被形容词最⾼级修饰时This is the best film that I have seen.
●当形容词被the very, the only，the same,the last 修饰时
This is the very good dictionary that I want to buy,
After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned.
当先⾏词指⼈时，偶尔也可以⽤who 如：Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting？
●当先⾏词前⾯有who, which等疑问代词时
Who is the man that is standing there?
Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?
●当先⾏词既有⼈，也有动物或者物体时
Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?
2.who指⼈在从句中做主语
The boys who are playing football are from Class One.
Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.
whom指⼈，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。

（注：who和whom已⽆太⼤区别，可以通⽤。

）
Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.
Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see.
The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.
注意：关系代词whom在⼝语和⾮正式语体中常⽤who代替，可省略。

如果在从句中做宾语,就⽤whom或who.⽐如: He is the man whom/who I talk to.
如果是在从句中作主语就只能⽤who.⽐如: He is the man who has an English book.
3.which指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时可省略
Football is a game which is liked by most boys.
This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.
4. whose通常指⼈，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语
He has a friend whose father is a doctor.
I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.
whose指物时，常⽤以下结构来代替
The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.
The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.
⼆、关系副词（在句中作状语）
1. when指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语
I still remember the day when I first came to the school.
The time when we got together finally came.
2. where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语
Shanghai is the city where I was born.
The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.
3. why指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语
Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.
I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.
注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换
The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear,
From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.
1、关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语时，介词常可以提前，但介词提前时，关系代词只能⽤which 或whom。

如：The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous.
→The school in which he once studied is very famous.
Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for.
→Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked.
We'll go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who) we have often talked about. →We'll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.
2、关系副词when, where, why 和介词+which之间的关系。

关系副词when, where, why可以⽤适当的介词+which来替代。

介词的位置⾮常灵活，有时放在关系代词之前，有时放在动词之后。

如：
when=in/on/at…+which, where=in/on/at…+which, why=for+which
如：I won’t forget the date when( on which) I was born.
This is the room where (in which) I lived. = This is the room which I lived in.
I don’t know the reason why (for which) he hasn’t come today.
Tom still remembers the days when (in which) they lived in Tianjin.
注意：
1). 含有介词的动词短语⼀般不拆开使⽤，如：look forward to,look for, look after, take care of等
如：This is the watch which/that I am looking for. (√)This is the watch for which I am looking. (F)
2). 若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指⼈时⽤whom，不可⽤who或者that；指物时⽤which，不能⽤that；关系代词是所有格
如：The man with whom you talked is my friend. (√)
The man with who/that you talked is my friend. (F)
The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable. (√)
The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very comfortable. (F)
3).“介词+关系代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few 等代词或者数词
如：He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.
In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.
There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.
4). 把握“介词＋关系代词”结构中介词的选⽤
介词的选择与主句中先⾏词的搭配密切相关。

如：That”s the reason for which he was late for school.
This is the book on which I spent 8 Yuan.
介词选择的三⼤规则：
1. 取决于从句中的谓语动词同介词的搭配。

（V+ pre.）
如：He is the man whom I talked with this morning.
2. 取决于先⾏词同介词的常规搭配。

四组常考的搭配：1）extent degree （程度）同 to 搭配
2）price(具体多少钱时与at; 若指价格⽅⾯与in 搭配)
speed rate
同at搭配
3）field area aspect sphere （领域，⽅⾯）同 in 搭配
例句：The field in which I studied in university is psychology.
4) basis ground foundation （基础）同on 搭配
四、判断关系代词与关系副词
准确判断先⾏词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。

判断改错
（错）This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
（错）I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
（对）This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.
（对）I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.
习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词where, when联系在⼀起。

此两题错在关系词的误⽤上。

例. This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.
A. where
B. that
D. the one
答案： A
句中, 主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句⼦的状语表地点，既可⽤副词where，⼜因in the museum词组，可⽤介词in + which 引导地点状语。

⽽此题中，介词on ⽤的不对，所以选A。

关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先⾏词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词(who, whom, that, which, whose)；先⾏词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词( where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语)
⾮限定性定语从句
⾮限定性定语从句的作⽤是对所修饰的成分作进⼀步说明，通常是引导词和先⾏词之间⽤逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成⽴
1.当先⾏词是专有名词或物主代词和指⽰代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是⾮限制性的，例如：
Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的⽼师。

My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.我去年买的的那幢房⼦带着个漂亮的花园。

This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本⼩说很动⼈，我已经读了三遍。

2.⾮限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先⾏词, 对其进⾏修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要⽤第三⼈称单数，例如：
He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似
乎没抓住我的意思，这使我⼼烦。

Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态⽔变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。

他经常撒谎，这让他⽼师很⽣⽓。

（翻译）
昨晚我们不得不穿着湿⾐服睡，这很不舒服。

（翻译）
3.在⾮限定性定语从句中，不能⽤关系副词why和关系代词that，⽽⽤who, whom代表⼈，⽤which,whose代表事物.；
4.有时as也可以做关系代词。

（三）as的⽤法
由as, which 引导的⾮限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this 或and that。

As⼀般放在句⾸，which在句中。

As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.
1)as⽤于限制性定语从句
such…as；the same…as；
We have such grapes as you never saw.我们有你从未讲过的葡萄。

I have got into the same trouble as he （has）. 我碰到了跟他⼀样的⿇烦。

2)as⽤于⾮限制性定语从句。

代表所修饰的句⼦，作⽤相当于which，但⽐which 多⼀层“正如”的意思。

e.g.She is very careful, as (= which) her work shows.
It is like a snake, as (= which) anybody can see.
但要注意，当as从句置于句⾸时，as不能由which取代。

e.g. As he had hoped, he saw the play.
3)as的习惯⽤语
as we all know 众所周知
as is well-known 众所周知
as has been said before 如上所述
as we had expected 正如⼈们所预料的那样
as anybody can see 正如⼈⼈都看到的那样
as often happens 正如经常发⽣的那样
As we all know, smoking is harmful to our health. 众所周知，吸烟危害健康。

As we had expected，he performed the task with success. 正如我们所料，他成功地完成了任务。

The tree is like a giant, as anybody can see. 如⼤家都能见到的那样，这颗树像个巨⼈。

●在表⽰⽅式的“the way”之后的定语从句有三种引导⽅式
I don’t like the way you answered my question.
I don’t like the way that you answered my question.
I don’t like the way in which you answered my question.
课堂练习：
1.The place _______interested me most was the Children's Palace.
A. which
B. where
C. what
D. in which
2.Do you know the man _______?
A. whom I spoke
B. to who spoke
C. I spoke to
D. that I spoke
3.This is the hotel _______last month.
A. which they stayed
B. at that they stayed
C. where they stayed at
D. where they stayed
4.Do you know the year ______the Chinese Communist Party was founded?
A. which
B. that
C. when
D. on which
5.That is the day ______I'll never forget.
D. when
6.The factory ______we'll visit next week is not far from here.
A. where
B. to which
C. which
D. in which
7.Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _______we are working.
A. where
B. that
C. which
D. there
8.This is one of the best films _______.
A. that have been shown this year
B. that have shown
C. that has been shown this year
D. that you talked
9.Can you lend me the book ______the other day?
A. about which you talked
B. which you talked
C. about that you talked
D. that you talked
10.The pen ______he is writing is mine.
A. with which
B. in which
C. on which
D. by which
11.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of ______sat a small boy.
A. whom
B. who
C. which
D. that
12.The engineer ______my father works is about 50 years old.
D. with whom
13.It there anyone in your class ______family is in the country?
A. who
B. who's
C. which
D. whose
14.I'm interested in ______you have said.
A. all that
B. all what
C. that
D. which
15.I want to use the same dictionary ______was used yesterday.
A. which
B. who
C. what
D. as
16.He isn't such a man ______he used to be.
A. who
B. whom
C. that
D. as
17.He is good at English, ______we all know.
A. that
B. as
C. whom
D. what
18.Li Ming, ______to the concert enjoyed it very much.
A. I went with
B. with whom I went
C. with who I went
D.I went with him
19.I don't like ______ as you read.
B. the such novels
C. such novels
D. same novels
20.He talked a lot about things and persons ________they remembered in the school.
A. which
B. that
C. whom
D. what
⽤定语从句翻译下列句⼦。

1.那些帮助他⼈的⼈是世界上最幸福的⼈。

2.杭州是我游玩过的最漂亮的城市。

３.这张照⽚让我想起我们⼀起度过的欢乐时光。

４.那位参赛选⼿昏倒的原因是摄影棚⾥太热了。

5. 去年我去了北京。

那是我第⼆次到长城游玩。

6. 我们感谢你为我们所做的⼀切。

7. 学校运动会被取消了，这让学⽣们⾮常失望。

８. 在⼤树下有三⼗四个来⾃⼗班的学⽣。

9. 我妈妈有⼀本书，它的封⽪看起来很漂亮
10. 这就是以前你给我的那⽀笔。

参考答案及解析
1. A. which⽤作关系代词，在定语从句中作主语。

2．C. "和谁讲话”要说speak to sb. 本题全句应为Do you know the man whom I spoke to.。

whom是关系代词，作介词to的宾语，可以省略。

3. D. where是关系副词，表⽰地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。

4. C. when是关系副词，表⽰时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。

5．A. which是关系代词，在从句中作forget的宾语。

其他⼏个答案都不能作宾语。

6．C. 解析同第5题。

7. A. 解析见第3题。

8. A. 本句话的先⾏词应该是films,因此，关系代词that是负数概念，其谓语动词应⽤复述的被动语态have been shown。

如果句中的one前⾯使⽤了定冠词the，则the one应该视为先⾏词。

9. A. “谈到某事物”应说talk about sth.。

about是介词，其后要⽤which作宾语，不能⽤that。

10. A. with which是"介词+关系代词"结构,常⽤来引导定语从句.with有"⽤"的意思,介词之后只能⽤which,不能⽤that. with which 在定语从句中作状语,即he is writing with a pen.
11. C. in front of which 即in front of a farmhouse. In front of which在从句中作状语.
12. D. with whom引导定语从句.with whom放在从句中即为:my father works with the engineer.
13. D. whose引导定语从句,在从句中作主语family的定语.
14. A. that引导定语从句,因为先⾏词是all,所以只能选⽤that引导.
15. D. the same……..as是固定⽤法, as引导定语从句时,可以作主语,宾语或表语.在本句话中,as作从句的主语.
16. D. such……… as是固定⽤法,as引导定语从句时,可以作主语,宾语或表语.在本题中,as作表语.
17. B. as作关系代词可以单独⽤来引导⾮限制性定语从句。

这时as所指代的不是主句中某个名词，⽽往往指代整个主句的含义。

as在从句中可以作主语、宾语。

从句可放在主句后，也可置于主句前。

在本句中,as作宾语.
18. B. Li Ming enjoyed it very much是主句,with whom I went to the concert是定语从句.with whom放在从句中为:I went to the concert with Li Ming.
19. C. as引导定语从句时通常构成such…as或the same…as固定搭配，其中such 和same修饰其后的名词，as为关系代词，指代其前的名词引导定语从句。

as 在从句中可以作主语、表语或宾语。

Such修饰单数名词时,要⽤such a……..,本题中such books, such直接修饰复数名词.
20. B. things和persons是先⾏词.当定语从句要修饰的先⾏词是既表⽰⼈,⼜表⽰物的名词时,其关系代词要⽤that.
翻译题答案：
1．Those who help others are the happiest people in the world.
2．Hangzhou is the most beautiful city which I have visited to.
3．This photo reminded me of the happy time we spent together.
4．The reason why that competitor fainted was because the temperature of the sound stage was too hot.
5．Last year I went to Beijing.That was the second time I've been there.
6．We are thankful to all you have done for us.
7．The school sports meeting was put off,which disappointed all the students.
８. There are thirty four students who are from class ten under the big tree.
９. My mother has a book whoes cover looks very beautiful.
１０．This is the pen which you gave me before.。