2021年高考英语二轮备考抓分点透析：状语从句[5页]

2021年高考英语二轮备考抓分点透析：状语从句
【2012年高考预测】
状语从句和名词性从句、定语从句一样是高考的高频考点。

通过对近年高考题的分析，可以预测2012年对状语从句的考查仍将集中在对引导几大状语从句的连词的考查上。

【重难点突破】
【概述】状语从句是一种作状语用的从句，修饰主句中的动词、形容词、副词或修饰全句，补充说明时间、地点、原因、条件、方式、程度、状态等。

状语从句的关键是要掌握引导不同状语从句的常用连接词和特殊的连接词即考点。

一、九种状语从句及常见的引导词
1、时间状语从句：when, while, as, before, after, since（自从…以来）, till (until), as soon as(刚一…马上就…), once(一旦), whenever等。

特殊引导词：the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day，the instant, immediately , directly, no sooner … than, hardly …when, scarcely … when
（2011·四川卷）6．As it reported, it is 100 years ____ Tsinghua University was founded．【D】
A．when B．before C．after D．since
2、地点状语从句：where和wherever
Where there is a will，there is a way.
Generally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories.
Wherever you go, you should work hard.
3、原因状语从句：because, as, since, now that
特殊引导词：seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that, considering that,（2010辽宁）29.The old man asked Lucy to move to another chair _______ he wanted to sit next to his wife. 【C】
A．although B．unless C．because D．if
4、目的状语从句：so that（以便）, in order that（以便）等
　特殊引导词：lest, in case, for fear that，in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end that
（2011·山东卷）28．He had his camera ready ____ he saw something that would make a good picture．【C】
A．even if B．if only C．in case D．so that
5、结果状语从句：so that, so…that, such…that
特殊引导词：such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that,
He got up so early that he caught the first bus.
It’s such a good chance that we must not miss it.
To such an degree was he excited that he couldn’t sleep last night.
He raised his voice so that he was heard by his friend.
6、条件状语从句：if, unless
特殊引导词：as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, suppose that, in case that, on condition that
（2010上海）39. our manage objects to Tom's joining the club, we shall accept him as a member. 【B】
A. Until
B. Unless
C. If
D. After
7、方式状语从句：as, as if/though
When in Rome, do as the Roman do.
She behaved as if she were the boss.
Sometimes we teach our children the way our parents have taught us
（2011·湖南卷）33 Jack wasn’t saying anything but the teacher smiled at him ____ he had done something very clever．【A】
A．as if B．in case C．while D．though
8、比较状语从句：as…as, not so/as …as, than等引导。

在这种状语从句中如果谓语动词与主句一致时，或省略，或用替代词do, does, did
特殊引导词：the more … the more … ; just as …，so…; A is to B what /as X is to Y; no … more than; not A so much as B
She is as bad-tempered as her mother.
The house is three times as big as ours.
The more you exercise, the healthier you will be.
Food is to men what oil is to machine. 食物之于人，犹如油之于机器。

（2010全国Ⅰ）26. I have seldom seen my mother _______ pleased with my progress as she is now .【A】
A. so
B. very
C. too
D. rather
9、让步状语从句：though, although, even if, even though, whoever, whatever, whichever, whenever, wherever, however, no matter who/what/which/when/where/how, whether
特殊引导词：as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装)，while ( 一般用在句首)，no
matter …，in spite of the fact that,
Much as I respect him, I can’t agree to his proposal.
尽管我很尊敬他，我却不同意他的建议。

The old man always enjoys swimming even though the weather is rough.
No matter how hard he tried, she could not change her mind.　He won’t listen whatever you may say.
（2011·天津卷）5．regular exercise is very important．It’s never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime．【C】
A．It B．As C．Although D．Unless
二、状语从句中高考高频连词的用法归纳
1、the moment/ minute/ second, immediately, directly，instantly，等副词式连词也可引导时间状语从句，意为“一…就…”，相当于as soon as, 此时前面不可再加连词，也不可加at, in, on等介词。

2、every time, each time, by the time, soon after, shortly after等表示时间的短语也可作为连词使用，引导时间状语从句，此时前面也常不再加连词。

3、hardly …when…和no sooner…than…的意义相当于as soon as, 也可引起时间状语从句，但只能用过去时，即从句谓语动词用一般过去时，主句谓语动词用过去完成时。

（2010福建）26 The girl had hardly rung the bell the door was opened suddenly, and her friend rushed out to greet her.【A】
A. before
B. until
C. as
D. since
4、until 和not until:
当主句中的动词是延续性动词时，常用：…until…, 表示主句的动作延续到从句表示的动作发生或完成为止。

Jim stayed up until his mother came back last night.
当主句中的动词是非延续性动词时，常用：not…until…, 表示“直到…才…”
Jim didn’t go to bed until his mother came back last night
5、before 还常用于下列句型：
It won’t be …before…用不了（多长时间）就会…
It will be…before…得过（多长时间）才…
It wasn’t …before…没过（多长时间）就…
It was…before…过了（多长时间）才…
It won’t be long before we meet again.　
6、so …that 与such… that 之间的转换：
so + adj./adv. + that
so + adj. + a/an + 单数名词+ that
So + many \much \few \little +n. + that
such + a/an + adj. + 单数名词+ that
such + adj. + 复数名词或不可数名词+ that
He is speaking so loud that I hear him even from here.
It was such fine weather that they went out for a picnic.
7、no matter +疑问词，（如：no matter what, no matter when, no matter where,…）用来引导让步状语从句。

疑问词+ever (如：whatever, whenever, whoever, whichever,…)既可引导状语从句，也可引导名词性从句。

（2011·重庆卷）30．To show our respect, we usually have to take our gloves off we are to shake hands with．【C】
A．whichever B．whenever C．whoever D．wherever（状语从句）
Whoever breaks the law should be punished.（主语从句）
8、as引导让步状语从句，从句部分用倒装语序，句型为：形容词\副词\名词（不带冠词）\动词（原形）+ as +主语+ 其他
Late as\ though it was, he still studied on.
=Although\ though it was late, he still studied on.
三、状语从句中的省略
当when, while, until, though, although, if等引导的状语从句的主语与主句的主语相同或从句的主、谓语分别为it 和be动词时，从句中的主语及部分谓语（be动词或助动词）可省略。

例如：
When ( the museum is ) completed , the museum will be open to the public next year . He’ll go to the seaside for his holiday if (it is ) possible.
另外，比较状语从句经常省略。

例如：
I’m taller than he (is tall ).
The higher the temperature (is), the greater the pressure (is ).
就状语从句而言,有时为了使语言言简意赅,常常将状语从句进行"简化"。

状语从句的"简化"现象在口语中较为普遍,而且在高考中的复现率也较高。

因此,有必要对其进行全面、透彻的了解。

状语从句的"简化"现象常存在于以下五种状语从句中:①由if, unless等引导的条件状语从句;
②由although, though, even if / though等引导的让步状语从句;③由when, while, as, before, after, until / till等引导的时间状语从句;④由as, as if等引导的方式状语从句;⑤由as, than等引导的比较状语从句。

下面针对这五种情形作一归纳。

(1)当状语从句的主语是it,且谓语动词是be时,it和be要完全简化掉。

例如:
If (it is) possible, he will help you out of the difficulty.
如果可能的话,他会帮你摆脱困境。

You must attend the meeting unless (it is) inconvenient to you.
除非情况对你来说不方便,否则你必须出席这次会议。

(2)当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时,从句可以将主语和be动词简化掉。

常用于以下几种情形:
a.连词+形容词
As (he was) young, he learned how to ride a bike.
他小时候就学会了骑自行车。

Whenever (she is) free, she often goes shopping.
她有空就去逛商店。

Work hard when (you are) young, or you'll regret.
少壮不努力,老大徒伤悲。

b.连词+名词
While (he was) a young boy, he was always ready to help others.
他在孩提时代就乐于助人。

Although (he was) a farmer, now he is a famous director.
尽管他曾是个农民,而现在是位著名的导演了。

c.连词+现在分词
As (she was) walking along the river bank, she was singing a pop song.
她沿着河堤边走边唱着流行歌曲。

Although (he is) doing his best in maths these days, he has still got no good marks.
尽管近来他一直在学数学,但他仍然没有取得好成绩。

d.连词+过去分词
He won't go there with us unless (he is) invited.
除非受到邀请,否则他不会和我们一道去那里。

The concert was a great success than (it was) expected.
这场音乐会出乎意料地取得了巨大成功。

e.连词+不定式
He stood up as if (he were) to say something.
当时他站起来好像要说什么。

He wouldn't solve the problem even if (he were) to take charge.
即使他来负责,他也解决不了这个问题。

f. 连词+介词短语
She looked anxious as though (she was) in trouble.
她看上去很焦急,好像遇到了麻烦。

He had mastered the English language before (he was) in the USA
.他到美国之前就懂英语了。

注意:当从句主语和主句主语不一致时,从句部分要么用完全形式,要么用独立主格结构来表达。

例如:
When the meeting was over, all the people went out of the meeting-room.当会议结束时,人们都走出了会议室。

(=The meeting over, )
（2011·江苏卷）33．It sounds like something is wrong with the car’s engine．, we’d better take it to the garage immediately．【D】
A．Otherwise B．If not C．But for that D．If so
使用状语从句时要注意的几个问题
1、在时间和条件（有时也在方式、让步等）从句中，主句是一般将来时，从句通常用一般现在时表示将来。

We’ll go outing if it doesn’t rain tomorrow.
I’ll write to you as soon as I get to Shanghai.
2、有些时间、地点、条件、方式或让步从句，如果从句的主语与主句主语一致（或虽不一致，是it），从句的谓语又包含动词be ，就可省略从句中的“主语+ be”部分。

When (he was) still a boy of ten, he had to work day and night.
If (you are) asked you may come in.
If (it is) necessary I’ll explain to you again.
3、注意区分不同从句：引导的是什么从句，不仅要根据连词，还要根据句子结构和句意来判别。

以where为例，能引导多种从句。

You are to find it where you left it.（地点状语从句）
Tell me the address where he lives.（定语从句，句中有先行词）
I don’t know where he came from.（宾语从句）
Where he has gone is not known yet.（主语从句）
This place is where they once hid.（表语从句）。