人教版高一英语高中英语语法填空解题技巧

高中英语语法填空解题技巧
1. 语法填空题—能力要求
1、阅读/理解语篇的能力;
2、分析句子结构的能力;
3、熟练运用语法的能力。

2. 语法填空题—解题步骤
1、快速浏览全文，把握文章大意和作者写作意图，总体时态；
2、分析句子结构---主谓结构;
3、根据上下文把握空格意思。

3.语法填空题—空格设计
纯空格：介词，代词，连词，冠词，助动词
有提示词：谓语动词：（适当形式：时态/语态）
非谓语动词：（to do / doing / done）
名词：（可数/不可数/单复数、词类转换）
形容词或副词：（词类转换、比较等级）
一、无提示词
考点一：冠词（名词之前）
1. There once were a goat and a donkey…. So the farmer killed ________ goat and gave the donkey medicine made from its heart. the
2. When I see a child subject to (受到) this kind of pressure, I think of Donnie. He was ________ shy, nervous perfectionist. a
3. …the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to small town some 20 kilometers away. a
4. I still remember taking visiting friend from Canada to a local Black Country pub(酒店) for lunch. the
考查语法点: 定冠词,不定冠词的用法
考点二：介词
(1)介词+宾语（名词）
(2)不及物动词+介词+宾语
1. In short, I believe that it is ________ great use to keep a dairy in English… of
2. When I took the money from her grandparents, I looked back _________the girl, who was giving me the most optimistic, largest smile I had ever seen. at
3. She found some good quality pipes_________ sale. in
4. He was very tired _____________doing this for a whole day… of
考查语法点: 介词的基本用法及惯用搭配
解题技巧
当空格后的名词(一般前有限定词)、代词或动名词在句中不是作主语、表语，也不是作动词的宾语时，那就是作介词的宾语，即填介词。

因为名词和代词最典型的用法是在句中作主语或宾语，既然不作主语和动词的宾语，那就是作介词的宾语了，所以要填介词。

具体填什么介词,可能是由介词与该名词的搭配及其意义来决定,也可能是由动词或形容词与介词的句式搭配来决定。

考点三：代词
(1) 作主语用主格，作宾语用宾格, 注意形容词词性和名词性物主代词的区别。

(2) 指示代词,不定代词、反身代词等
(3) 有关it的特殊句型
1. She remembered how difficult _______ was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father. it
2. When the time came for me to say goodbye to my friends in my village, I wanted to reward the old woman for the trouble I had caused _________. her
3. It has been said before, but experiencing it myself has made _____ want to say it again: a smile… me
考查语法点: 代词的基本用法
解题技巧
因句子的主语或宾语主要由名词、代词、动名词或不定式等充当，而名词、动名词或不定式等实词通常会放在有提示词的空格中考查，所以纯空格所填词在句子中作主语或宾语时，通常填代词:
在名词前作定语就只能用形容词性物主代词(my/your/his/her等)。

考点四：连词或从句引导词
两个主谓结构连接
Historically, it was famous for industry, which explains_______the area is called the Black Country. why
2. It got its name during the industrial revolution, _______ factory pollution turned the local skies
black and local dust from the mines made the soil the same color. when
3. Jane paused in front of a counter(柜台) ______ some attractive ties were on display. where
4. One day, he came up with an idea _____ he would pluck up (拔起) all of his crop a few inches. that
考查语法点: 各类复合句中连词,引导词的用法
解题技巧
(1)连接两个功能对等的单词或短语时，应填并列连词and,or,but等。

(2)若两个句子(即两个主谓结构)之间，没有句号或分号，也没有连词，那空格处必定是填连接词，否则，句子结构就不完整。

根据两句之间的意义和逻辑关系，或者根据句式结构，确定是并列句(多要求考生填and, but, while, when,or 等) 还是某种主从复合句。

然后根据各类从句的特点，结合连接词的意义和用法，确定填具体的某个连词。

并列句：简单句＋并列连词＋简单句
复合句：主句（主＋谓＋宾）＋从句（连接词＋主＋谓）
第二部分：有提示词
（一）提示词为动词
考点五：谓语动词
有提示词、与主语构成主谓结构
1. I was certain she would like it because I _______ (tell) by my classmates that she loved hot food. was told/ had been told
2. His fear of failure ________ (keep) him from classroom games that other children played with joyous abandon. kept
3. Being too anxious to help an event develop often ________ (result) in the contrary to our intention. results
考查语法点: 谓语动词的时态、语态、主谓一致
解题技巧
当句中缺少谓语动词时，括号中的动词就是谓语动词。

此时要考虑__________、__________、__________、__________等四个方面。

时态、语态、语气、主谓一致
【确定时态的3条依据】
(1)依据上下文时态一致。

看上下文谓语动词是什么时态(过去/现在/将来)，空格要填的动词时态一般应与上下文的时态一致。

这是语法填空中确定时态的最重要的依据。

但需注意：客观事实或真理可能时态不一致；直接引语的时态会与引号外的时态不一致。

(2)依据并列谓语动词的时态一致。

(3)依据时间状语。

如recently, so far, up to now, up to the present, in the past few years常与现在完成时连用；by the end of, since 1980, for three years常与完成时连用。

考点六：非谓语动词
有提示词、非谓语动词及变形的使用
1. We must also consider the reaction of the person __________ (receive) the gift. receiving
2. …I then noticed that I had just 10 minutes left __________ (complete) the rest! to complete
3. My pupils, Donnie _________ (include), adored her. included
4. Before the waitress could even finish describing the menu, my friend looked at me with his eyebrows (眉毛) (raise).raised
当句中已有谓语动词，横线前又没有并列连词与括号中的动词并列时，所给动词就是非谓语动词（无连则非）。

此时，就要根据非谓语动词的用法确定用具体的某种形式(doing, done, to do)。

考点七：词性转换
有提示词, 介词,冠词,所有格后接名词,形容词修饰名词,副词修饰形容词/动词/整个句子
1. “Thirty-five cents,” she said __________ (rude). rudely
2. As far as I am concerned, my __________ (suggest) is that we should always have a notebook and
a Chinese-English within easy reach. suggestion
3. This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their _______ (nature) course. natural
4. ____________ (doubt), although there is still room for improvement to this policy, I think it is still
a good one which brings more good than harm to the students and the nation. Undoubtedly
考查语法点: 各类词性的正确使用及转化
解题技巧
当空格处所需词类与括号中所给词的词类不同时,就需要词类转换。

这类题一般可根据以下5点顺利解决：
（1）作主语或宾语用_________形式。

名词
（2）在形容词性物主代词、冠词(+形容词)、不定代词(some, any, a lot of等)、介词后还没有名词时，就用_________形式。

名词
（3）作定语、表语或补足语用__________形式。

形容词
（4）作状语，修饰动词、形容词或另一副词，或放在句首修饰全句，用_______。

动词（5）当所给词的词性与空格处所需词的词性相同时，无需改变词性，而可能是只改变词义但不改变词性的前缀或后缀，也可能用其比较级或最高级。

考点八：形容词副词的级
有提示词，通常，有表示范围的in /of介词短语或形容词前有the时，一般要用最高级；than 的前面一定要用比较级
1. One of the __________ (bad) gift choices I ever made was for my high school English teacher… worst
2. … We were both laughing the whole time at our complete inability to communicate in words. When it was time to leave, I said “thank you” in Korean, using some of the few words I had learned. I felt __________ (lonely) than I had expected that night. lonelier
3. Lucille Clifton is an award-winning poet and writer. Critics call her one of the _________ (great) writers of our time. greatest
解题技巧
当括号中所给词是形容词或副词，且空格处需要的仍是形容词或副词时，要根据语境,理解句意，若该词意思不变，逻辑上讲得通,就很可能填该词的比较级或最高级。

注意：要善于分析语境,辨别省略了than…的隐性比较级。

若需要用与该词意义相反的意思，逻辑才通顺的，就要在该词前加表示否定或相反意义的前缀或后缀。

考点九：名词
做主语或宾语
1. …seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River which are pictured by artists in so many Chinese _________ (painting). paintings
2. While there are amazing stories of instant transformation, for most of us the _________(change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river. changes
考查语法点: 名词的单复数转化/ (可数与不可数)
解题技巧
名词在句中的典型用法就是作主语或宾语(位于及物动词或介词后)。

如果括号中所给词是名词，又是在句中作主语或宾语时，就无需作词类转换，应考虑是否需要用复数形式。

练习：
（一）
My husband and I were paying a visit 1 my parents in Tucson. We went to a fast-food restaurant for dinner together. My husband went to the counter 2__ (order) dishes and I stood with my parents.
My dad is 90 years old. He can hardly see very well and walks with a stick. I was scanning the restaurant, 3 (wait) to sit at the first table that was 4__ (convenient) than others. A woman who was sitting with her son made eye contact with me and asked me to come to her. With a 5 (puzzle) look on my face, I pointed to myself and said , “Me ?” She 6 (nod) and said, “Yes, you.” I walked to the table and she said, “Bring your family here. I can finish eating at the counter. My son is in 7 hurry to leave anyway.” My eyes 8 (fill) with tears as she wiped down the table and guided my dad to the seat.
I always believe that there are 9 (nature) kind people in this world. This woman has set a good example to her son, 10 is a really lucky guy.
（二）
It was my first time visiting the United States. Before ___1___ (leave) for Washington D.C., I downloaded some introductions about some tourist __2__(attract) in the city. Therefore I knew something about this city before the trip. A lot of things happened during my trip to Washington D.C.. However, __3___ impressed me most is the International Spy Museum, which I visited on the
__4___(three) day of the trip.
In my spare time, I often watched movies about spies with my parents because I was __5___(extreme) interested in spies. I acquired __6__ good knowledge of that after I read the descriptions in the museum. I learned that spies usually hid important letters in an umbrella, in a shoe, or even in a pair of ordinary __7__(glass). When they thought they were probably found out, they could have their appearances ___8___(change) in a few minutes. They put on fake hair, eyes or teeth. If they had an emergency, they even changed a smaller pair of shoes to change their walking styles in order not to _9___(recognize).
__10__ conclusion, it was a nice trip. I had a good time in Washington D. C.. I will remember this trip forever.
（三）
In Malta, people hold a 1 (tradition) festival called Gostra. They hold Gostra Festival every year to mark the feast day of Saint Julian. Part of the festival is a special competition. For 2 competition, people prepare a piece of round wood, 3 is about 10 meters long. Then, they put oil over the pole and carry it to a boat, 4 one end on the boat and the other over the water. There are flags 5 (attach) to the end of the pole. People are supposed to take turns to run along the pole and get one flag at a time. Obviously, it is not easy to make it. Many people fall into the water and end 6 (they) chances. The one who gets the most 7 (flag) wins the competition.
For some competitors, the style in which they fall off the pole seems to be 8 (slight) more important than getting the flags. But there are still some others who show definite determination while 9 (run) on that oily pole. Following the day’s entertainment, as dusk 10 (fall), hunters fire guns over the harbor to show respect for Saint Julian.
（四）
My English teacher was very tall.The moment she 1 (enter) the class,we would all sit 2 (quiet)and open the books.She would encourage me by giving me important assignments and also morning news to read during the assembly.She would come down and listen to my English debate,
3 made me take part in all debate competitions.
4 same was true of my biology and science teacher.She was very nice and sweet.She would always give me extra information on the biology project.I could not go to the lab for experiments,____5____she would bring the lab down and help me with the biology and science 6
(experiment)and would give me excellent marks.
My friends made me monitor and the naughty boys listened to me.My friends used to help me with my notes when I was 7 (absence).My teachers always gave me important project work and I felt proud when they patted me 8 the back after I finished it quickly and correctly.I was never shouted at or made fun of or scolded by any of my friends and teachers.
Today I often see the terrible punishments 9 (give)to students on TVs.I feel very sad.
I really want to express my love and thanks to all my wonderful teachers and friends.Without them my school life would not 10 (be) so excellent and unforgettable.
（五）
I’m a 34-year-old man, married, lived in a nice house, and have a successful career as an educational consultant. But my life was not always so great. I had a learning disability from 1 early age. I went to a special school where I got plenty of extra help. Still, I suffered the rest of my school 2 (day) in public schools.
My life improved remarkably when I discovered art. The art world gave me a chance to express myself 3 words. I went to a workshop and 4 (gradual) got good at making things with clay. Here I learned my first important lesson: disabled 5 I was in language, I could still be smart and well express 6 (I) with clay. And my confidence came along.
Later I decided to apply my previous experience to 7 (learn) how to read and write. Every day, I 8 (practice) reading and writing, which I used to avoid as much as possible. After two hard years, I was able to read and write.
9 (go) through the long process with art, rock climbing, and reading and writing, now I’ve got to a point in my life where I know I am smart enough to dive into an area that is totally 10 (know), hard, but interesting.
语法填空一
1.to
2.to order
3.waiting
4.more convenient
5.puzzled
6.nodded
7.a
8.were filled
9.naturally 10.who
语法填空二
1.leaving
2.attractions
3.what
4.third
5.extremely
6.a
7.glasses
8.changed
9.be organized 10.In 语法填空三
1.traditional
2.the
3.which
4.with
5.attached
6.their
7.flags
8.slightly
9.running
10.falls/is falling
语法填空四
1.entered
2.quietly
3.which
4.The
5.so
6.experiments
7.absent 8.on 9.given 10.have been
语法填空五
1.an
2.days
3.without
4.gradually
5.as/though
6.myself
7.learning
8.practised/practiced
9.Having gone10.unknown。