英语阅读理解长句技巧

阅读理解——长句分析和解题技巧长句分析和解题技巧 2017-11-03 
近年来，高考英语试卷中的阅读理解题目篇幅长、题材广，而且文章都是选
自英美原版读物，句子地道。

从体裁方面看，说明文、议论文、新闻报道等占有
相当大的比例。

因此，英语阅读理解中的长句较多，甚至某些段落就是一句话。

很多学生一遇到长句往往是手足无措，很多学生一遇到长句往往是手足无措，不知如何应对；不知如何应对；不知如何应对；可是，可是，可是，不少长句就是后面不少长句就是后面
某些题目的题眼，某些题目的题眼，所以，所以，所以，对于备战高考的考生来说，对于备战高考的考生来说，对于备战高考的考生来说，如何破解英语中的长句尤为如何破解英语中的长句尤为
重要。

重要。

要正确理解长句的意义，必须掌握好英语中的句子结构，而要正确理解句子
的结构，就离不开对句子的语法分析和对句子意义上的逻辑判断。

就离不开对句子的语法分析和对句子意义上的逻辑判断。

在英语中构成在英语中构成
句子的基本类型不外乎以下几种，也可以说这些基本句型是构成句子的骨架：
1.主语:→n./pron./doing/to do/句子句子
+系动词+表语:→n./pron./doing/to do/adj./done/句子句子
2.主语+及物动词+宾语:→n./pron./doing/to do/句子句子
3.主语+不及物动词+状语:→adv./done /doing/to do/句子句子
解题技巧：一、找谓语，定主语解题技巧：一、找谓语，定主语 ;看搭配，防分隔看搭配，防分隔
Premier Wen Jiabao, pausing for a few seconds, calmly told the audience that the the incident incident incident would would would do do do nothing nothing nothing to to to hold hold hold back back （维持，保持）the the friendship friendship friendship of of of the the Chinese and Bri sh people. 
示例示例 2 
First put forward(提出) by the French mathema cian （数学家） Pierre de Format 
in the 17th century ，the theorem （理论、定理） had shocked the finest mathema cal minds ，including a French woman scien st who made a major advance in working out the problem ，and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Eco-lab Polytechnique. 
示例示例 3 寻关联，辨逻辑寻关联，辨逻辑
a woman’s woman’s closest closest closest female female female friend friend might might be be the first first to to tell tell her her to to leave leave leave a a failing 
marriage ，but but it it it wasn’t wasn’t wasn’t unusual unusual unusual to to to hear hear hear a a a man man man say say say he he he didn’t didn’t didn’t know know know his his his friend’s friend’s 
marriage was in serious trouble un l he appeared one night asking if he could sleep on the sofa. 
1. On several occasions （有几次）（有几次）over the past decade, a heavy cloud of air pollu on has covered the east of the United States and brought health warnings in rural areas(农村地区农村地区) away from any major concentra on of manufacturing
（制造业）and automobile traffic （机动车辆）（机动车辆）. 
2. If If this this this view view view is is is correct correct correct and and and the the the world’s world’s world’s temperature temperature temperature is is is raised raised raised only only only a a a few few 
degrees, much of the polar ice （北极冰川）will melt （融化）（融化） and ci es such as New York, Boston, Miami, and New Orleans will be in water. 
3. 3. Today Today Today we we we do do do not not not know know know for for for sure sure sure that that that either either either of of of these these these condi ons condi ons condi ons will will will happen happen 
though recently one government reports that the greenhouse effect （温室效应）（温室效应） is very possible. 
D(2017 ) 
The The Intelligent 
Intelligent Intelligent Transport team Transport team at at Newcastle University have turned an electric Newcastle University have turned an electric car into a mobile laborator y named “DriveLAB” in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are. 
Research Research shows 
shows shows that that that giving giving giving up up up driving driving driving is is is one one one of of of the the the key key key reasons reasons reasons for for for a a a fall fall fall in in health and well-being among older people, leading to them becoming more isolated(隔绝) and inactive. 
Led Led by 
by by Professor Professor Professor Phil Phil Phil Blythe, Blythe, Blythe, the the the Newcastle Newcastle Newcastle team team team are are are developing developing developing in-vehicle in-vehicle technologies for older drivers which they hope could help help them to continue driving them to continue driving into later life. 
These include custom-made navigation (导航) night vision systems and intelligent speed adaptations. Phil Blythe explains: “For many older people, particularly those living a lone or in alone or in the the country, country, country, driving is driving is 
important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others.”
“But we all have to accept that as we get older our reactions slow down and this often often results results results in in in people people people avoiding avoiding avoiding any any any potentially potentially potentially challenging challenging challenging driving driving driving conditions conditions conditions and and 
losing confidence in their driving skills. The result is that people stop driving before they really need to.”
Dr. Dr. Amy Amy Amy Guo, Guo, Guo, the the the leading leading leading researcher researcher researcher on on on the the the older older older driver driver driver study, study, study, explains, explains, explains, “The “The 
DriveLAB DriveLAB is is is helping helping helping us us us to to to understand understand understand what what what the the the key key key points points points and and and difficulties difficulties difficulties are are are for for older drivers and how we might use technology to address these problems. 
“For “For example, 
example, example, most most most of of of us us us would would would expect expect expect older older older drivers drivers drivers always always always go go go slower slower slower than than everyone else but surprisingly, we found that in 30mph zones they struggled to keep at a constant speed and so were more likely to break the speed limit and be at risk of getting fined. We’re looking at the benefits of systems which control their speed as a way of preventing that. 
“We “We hope 
hope hope that that that our our our work work work will will will help help help with with with technological technological technological solutions solutions solutions((解决方案) ) to to ensure that older drivers stay safer behind the wheel.”
32. What is the purpose of the DriveLAB? 
A. To explore new means of transport. 
B. To design new types of cars. 
C. To find out older driver`s problems. 
D. To teach people traffic rules. 
33. Why is driving important for older people according to Phil Blythe? 
A. It keeps them independent. 
B. It helps them save time. 
C. It builds up their strength. 
D. It cures their mental illnesses. 
34. What do researchers hope to do for older drivers? 
A. Improve their driving skills. 
B. Develop driver-assist technologies. 
C. Provide tips on repairing their cars. 
D. Organize regular physical checkups. 
35. What is the best title for the text? 
A. A new Model Electric Car 
B.A Solution to Traffic Problem 
C. Driving Service for elders 
D. Keeping Older Drivers on the Road 。