高中北师大版英语必修四同步检测：Unit 10 Money10-2a含答案

03精讲课时语法
[语法·预备役]
——动词不定式
用所给词的适当形式填空
1. I saw him ________ (go) out of the room ten minutes ago.
答案：go
2. I'm thirsty; please get me something ________ (drink)．
答案：to drink
3. The teacher told them ________ (not make) so much noise.
答案：not to make
4. There isn't any difference between the two. I really don't know which ________ (choose)．
答案：to choose
5. In Asia, ________ (get) into a good public university, students have to take the entrance exam.
答案：to get
6. Our aim is ________ (achieve) the task in six months.
答案：to achieve
[语法·讲座]
动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种形式。

它没有人称和数的变化，在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语或状语等；它还具有动词的特点，可以带宾语和状语；它有名词、形容词和副词的特征。

一、不定式的基本结构
不定式主要有三种结构模式：
1．带to或不带to: (to) do sth.
2．疑问词＋不定式：how/when/what to do (sth.)
3．带逻辑主语的不定式：for/of sb. to do sth.
名师点睛
(1)动词不定式的否定式是在不定式符号to前加上not，即not to do。

(2)for/of sb. to do sth.中，如果前面使用的形容词表达sb.的品德、性质时，则使用of，否则使用for。

(3)不带to的不定式即动词原形主要用于使役动词let, have, make和感官动词see, hear, feel等之后作宾补。

(4)rather than后接不带to的不定式。

二、动词不定式的时态和语态
注意：当不定式的逻辑主语是它所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要用被动形式。

①He seems to know this.
他好像知道这件事。

②He pretended to be thinking deeply, without noticing me passing him.
他假装在沉思，没注意到我从他身边经过。

③I am sorry to have kept you waiting so long.
抱歉让你久等了。

④They are said to have been working in Tibet for 20 years.
据说他们已经在西藏工作了20年。

⑤Nobody likes to be laughed at in public.
没人喜欢被当众嘲笑。

⑥He claimed to have been badly treated in the supermarket when he was doing shopping yesterday.
他声称昨天购物时在超市受到了虐待。

三、不定式的语法功能
不定式在句子中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语和状语：
1. 不定式作主语
①To see is to believe.
眼见为实。

②To learn a foreign language is not easy.
学外语不容易。

名师点睛
(1)不定式作主语时前面往往用it充当形式主语，不定式则放在后面。

常见的带形式主语it的句型有：
①It is easy/difficult/hard/important/right/wrong/possible/necessary/foolish/ kind...to do...
②It is a pleasure/pity/pleasant thing/an honour...to do...
③It takes sb. some time/money to do...
若要说明不定式动作的执行者，可以在不定式前加上“for＋名词或代词”结构，或是“of＋名词或代词”结构。

①It's a great pleasure for me to talk with him.
和他聊天对我来说是一件令人高兴的事。

②It's very kind of you to see me off.
你来送我真是太好了。

注意：某些表示人的品行的形容词(如kind, good, nice, wrong, careless, wise, foolish, polite, clever, right, unwise, stupid, thoughtful, rude, silly, impolite等)作表语时，不定式前常可用of引导的短语，即“be＋形容词＋of＋名词/代词的宾格＋不定式”。

It is stupid of her to make such a mistake.
她真蠢，犯这样的错误。

(2)“疑问词/whether＋不定式”作主语。

How to use the machine is a question.
如何使用这台机器是个问题。

2. 不定式作宾语
(1)有些及物动词常用动词不定式作宾语。

这些动词有like, want, try, begin, decide, ask, forget, promise, hope, love, offer, refuse, wish 等。

①He decided to try it again.
他决定再试一次。

②He refused to comment on the matter.
他拒绝就该事作出评论。

(2)动词不定式在介词but, other than后面时，如果介词前有行为动词do的某种形式，那么介词后的不定式不带to，否则就要带to。

There is nothing you can do other than wait.
除了等你无事可做。

(3)在can't choose but, can't help but, can't but等后面的不定式也要省略to。

(4)“疑问词/whether＋不定式”作宾语。

She doesn't know how to go there.
她不知道怎么去那。

名师点睛
如果不定式作宾语，而其后有补足语时则常用形式宾语it，而把不定式放在补足语之后。

I found it possible to work out the problem without a computer.
我发现有可能不用计算机就能解出这道题目。

3. 不定式作宾语补足语
(1)带to的不定式作宾语补足语：要求用这种结构的常见的动词有advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, consider, drive, encourage, expect, force, get, hate, invite, know, like, love, teach, oblige, order, persuade, request, require, tell, want, warn, wish等。

I want you to understand the whole passage clearly.
我想让你清楚地理解整篇文章。

(2)不带to的不定式作宾语补足语：要求用这种结构的常见的动词多为“感官动词”和“使役动词”，如feel, hear, see, watch, notice, find, have, let, make等。

①They make the students do too much homework every day.
他们让学生每天做太多的作业。

②The boy was seen to fall suddenly from the tree.
人们看到这个男孩突然从树上掉下来了。

名师点睛
当这些动词在被动句中作谓语时，后面的动词不定式就不能省去to(如例②)。

(3)不定式可用于with复合结构中作宾补。

With much work to do, I didn't have lunch.
因有许多工作要做，所以我没有吃午饭。

4. 不定式作表语
不定式作表语通常表示具体的或将来的动作。

Disney's greatest wish was to be a famous artist.
迪斯尼最大的愿望就是成为一位著名的艺术家。

“疑问词/whether＋不定式”作表语。

The problem is how to put the plan into practice.
问题是如何把计划付诸于实践。

5. 不定式作定语
不定式作定语时，须放在被修饰的名词或代词之后。

不定式常和它所修饰的词存在动宾关系。

如果这个不定式是不及物的，它后面就要有必要的介词。

①He has a lot of questions to ask.
他有许多问题要问。

②I use a pen to write with.
我用钢笔书写。

名师点睛
(1)不定式作定语表示未发生的动作。

The weather will keep warm in the days to come.
在未来几天内，天气将继续保持暖和。

(2)用在序数词、形容词最高级以及the last/the only/the next等，或被这些词修饰的词后。

①Zhang Jian is the first Chinese to swim across the Bohai Sea.
张健是第一个横渡渤海的中国人。

②Mr. Zhang was the only one to know the truth.
张先生是唯一知道真相的人。

(3)抽象名词(如time，way，reason，chance，courage，opportunity，ability等)与不定代词(如something，nothing，little等)的后面常用不定式作定语。

A subway is an effective way to solve traffic problems in a big city.
地铁是解决大城市交通问题的有效方法。

6. 不定式作状语
(1)作目的状语。

仅用一般式，可位于句首或句末，其前可加in order/so as，但so as to不可位于句首。

I got up early (in order/so as) to catch the 6：30 train.
我早起是为了赶那趟六点半的火车。

(2)作原因状语。

主要用在表示喜怒哀乐等情感的形容词/过去分词后及表示心理活动的过去分词/动词/形容词后。

I am glad to see you.
见到你我很高兴。

(3)作结果状语。

仅用一般式，表示出人意料或不太好的结果，而现在分词作结果状语时则表示自然而然的结果。

I hurried to the post office, only to find it closed.
我急忙赶到邮局，结果发现邮局关门了。

[强化·印证]
Ⅰ. 写出下列句子中不定式的语法功能
1. The soil contains materials to keep the natural balance of the area. ()
答案：作定语
2. To get there by bike will take us half an hour.
()
答案：作主语
3. Would you like to be a millionaire？()
答案：作宾语
4. Her job is to take care of the children in the kindergarten.()
答案：作表语
5. On land with rich soil, local farmers can grow crops to make a living.()
答案：作目的状语
6. The doctor advised the patient to give up smoking.
()
答案：作宾语补足语
7. The boy was too eager to get a geography book.
()
答案：作结果状语
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1. He seemed ________________ a letter to his family.
他好像在给家里写信。

答案：to be writing
2. It is natural ________________ harder after getting an A in the examination.
她考试得了优等后学习更加努力是自然的。

答案：for her to study
3. His mother makes him ________________ every day.
他妈妈让他每天拖地板。

答案：mop the floor
4. He was the first person ________________.
他是第一个到达山顶的人。

答案：to reach the top of the mountain
5. I think ________ necessary ________________.
我认为掌握一门外语很有必要。

答案：it; to master a foreign language
6. ________________，he laid down his life.
为了救那个孩子，他献出了自己的生命。

答案：To save the child
[考点·研讨]
1. It's standard practice for a company like this one ________ (employ) a security officer.
答案研讨：to employ'句意：对于像这样的一家公司来说，雇用一位保安是例行做法。

本题考查非谓语动词作主语。

分析句子结构可知句首的It是形式主语，“to employ a security officer”为真正的主语，“for...to do sth.”为不定式的复合结构。

2.－I hope to take the computer course.
－Good idea. ________ (find) out more about it, visit this website.
答案研讨：To find'句意：——我希望选电脑课。

——好主意，要想更多地了解这个课程，请访问这个网站。

本题考查非谓语动词作状语。

根据句意可知该空作目的状语，所以要用动词不定式作目的状语，故答案为To find。

3. Group activities will be organized after class ________ (help) children develop team spirit.
答案研讨：to help'句意：为了帮助孩子们培养团队精神，下课后将要组织小组活动。

本题考查非谓语动词作状语。

根据句意可知该
空作目的状语，所以要用动词不定式，故填to help。

4. There are still many problems ________ (solve) before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.
答案研讨：to be solved'句意：在我们准备好在月球上长久停留之前，仍然还有许多问题有待解决。

本题考查非谓语动词作定语。

根据句意可知“这些问题还未解决”，to be solved既表被动又表示将来，故答案为to be solved。

5. Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only ________(find) it didn't fit.
答案研讨：to find'句意：她急切地从袋子里取出那条连衣裙试穿了一下，结果发现它不合身。

本题考查非谓语动词作状语。

根据语境可知，此处考查“only＋动词不定式”表示出乎意料的结果。

所以答案为to find。

[达标·演练]
Ⅰ. 用不定式的适当形式进行句型转换
1. It is impossible that a child can lift such a heavy box.
→It is impossible __________________ such a heavy box.
答案：for a child to lift
2. He said, “I have been told about the news.”
→He was said ________________ about the news.
答案：to have been told
3. The progress which will be made soon is of great importance.
→The progress ________________ soon is of great importance.
答案：to be made
4. The boss made the workers work all night.
→The workers were ________________ all night.
答案：made to work
Ⅱ. 单句改错
1. It is good of us to do morning exercises.
______________________________________________
答案：of→for
2. She could do nothing but to cry.
______________________________________________
答案：去掉to
3. She opened the door for the children to come.
______________________________________________
答案：come后加in
4. When he came in, I happened to read the novel.
______________________________________________
答案：read→be reading
5. He did not have much money spend.
______________________________________________
答案：spend前加to
6. So as to catch the first bus, my roommate got up early.
______________________________________________
答案：So as→In order
7. He lifted a rock only dropping it on his own feet.
______________________________________________
答案：dropping→to drop
8. There are so many kinds of tap-recorders on sale that I can't make up my mind what to buy.
______________________________________________
答案：what→which。