【英语】高二英语阅读理解(科普环保)专题训练答案及解析

【英语】高二英语阅读理解(科普环保)专题训练答案及解析
一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类
1．犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

When athletes at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics collect their medals, they'll not only be wearing something that celebrates their sporting performance, but something that symbolizes lastingness. For both the 2020 Olympics and Paralympics, organizers aim to make all of the gold, silver, and bronze medals out of used electronics. This strong message about how to make use of e-waste has gotten a lot of Japan involved.
Starting in April 2017, the Japanese Olympic Committee began collecting old laptops, digital cameras, smartphones, and other abandoned electronics. The initiative (倡议) has achieved great success. Already, the quantity needed for bronze medals has been met, and they're in the homestretch for silver and gold medals, meaning the collection process can pack up at the end of March.
When looking just at the number of cell phones collected, the amount of waste is shocking. In a period of about 18 months, a little over 5 million smartphones were collected thanks to cooperation with NTT DOCOMO. Japan's largest mobile phone operator allowed the public to turn in phones at their shops, which counted a lot in the project's success.
After being taken apart and sorted, the small electronics underwent a smelting process to extract (提炼) all the gold, silver, and bronze elements. Thanks to this initiative, the worldwide struggle with e-waste will have a global platform. According to a study published by the United Nations University—44.7 million metric tons of e-waste were made in 2016. Only 20% of that was actually recycled. Unfortunately, this figure is set to rise significantly in the coming years, moving to 52.2 million metric tons by 2021. So while the Tokyo Olympics initiative might be just a drop in the bucket, it's a good start in showing what the public can do if they're made more aware of the issue.
（1）What can be learnt about Tokyo Olympics initiative from the passage?
A. E-waste in the world is increasing significantly.
B. It is easy to get elements needed from the used electronics.
C. Only producers of electronics participated in the project.
D. NTT DOCOMO contributed to the success of the project.
（2）Which can best replace the underlined word "homestretch" in Paragraph 2?
A. starting period
B. collection effort
C. final stage
D. hard search
（3）What influence does the Tokyo Olympics initiative have?
A. It offers an effective method to solve the problem of e-waste.
B. It shows the power of advanced technology in daily life.
C. It saves the expense spent in making all the medals.
D. It encourages the public's involvement in dealing with e-waste.
（4）What is the writer's attitude to the Tokyo Olympics initiative?
A. Positive
B. Negative
C. Ambiguous
D. Indifferent
【答案】（1）D
（2）C
（3）D
（4）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了日本将回收利用废弃的电子产品中的金属，用于制作2020年奥运会奖牌。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第三段中的" In a period of about 18 months, a little over 5 million smartphones were collected thanks to cooperation with NTT DOCOMO. "在大约18个月的时间里，由于与NTT Docomo的合作，收集了500多万部智能手机，故选D。

（2）考查词义猜测。

根据第二段中的"Already, the quantity needed for bronze medals has been met, and they're in the homestretch for silver and gold medals, meaning the collection process can pack up at the end of March. "铜牌所需要的数量已经达到了，并且到了最后关头，也就是说，收集过程可以在3月底完成。

in the homestretch 固定短语，“最后关头”，故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的" So while the Tokyo Olympics initiative might be just a drop in the bucket, it's a good start in showing what the public can do if they're made more aware of the issue. "所以尽管东京奥运会的提议只是杯水车薪，这是一个很好的开始，展示了如果公众对这个问题有了更多的认识，他们能做些什么。

故选D。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据全文的描述，可知作者对于东京奥运倡议是持积极的态度，故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及词义猜测和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

2．犇犇阅读理解
Researchers have found bees can do basic mathematics, in a discovery that deepens our understanding of the relationship between brain size and brain power. Recently, A study conducted by researchers from RMIT University in Melbourne, Australia showed that bees could perform arithmetic operations like addition and subtraction (减法).
Solving math problems requires a complex level of involving the mental management of numbers, long-term rules and short-term working memory. The finding that even the tiny brain of a honeybee can grasp basic mathematical operations has a possible effect on the future development of Artificial Intelligence, particularly in improving rapid learning.
RMIT's Professor Adrian Dyer said numerical (数字的) operations like addition and subtraction are complex because they require two levels of processing. “You need to be able to hold the rules around adding and subtracting in your long-term memory, while mentally using skillfully a set of given numbers in your short-term memory,” Dyer said. “On top of this, our bees also used their short-term memories to solve arithmetic problems, as they learned to recognize plus or minus as abstract concepts.”
The findings suggest that advanced numerical cognition (认知) may be found much more widely in nature among non-human animals than previously suspected.
“If math doesn't require a massive brain, there might also be new ways for us to include
interactions of both long-term rules and working memory in designs to improve rapid AI learning of new problems,” said Dyer.
Many species can understand the difference between quantities and use this to search for food, make decisions and solve problems. But numerical cognition, such as exact number and arithmetic operations, requires a more complex level of processing.
Previous studies have shown some primates (灵长目动物), birds, babies and even spiders can add and/or subtract. The new research, published in Science Advances, adds bees to that list.（1）What have the researchers from RMIT University discovered?
A. The relationship between brain size and brain power.
B. Long-term rules and short term working memory.
C. Bees can perform complex arithmetic operations.
D. Bees can do basic mathematics.
（2）According to Adrian Dyer, bees' numerical cognition ________.
A. requires addition and subtraction two complex processing
B. has a possible effect on the future development of AI
C. only involves their short-term working memory
D. calls for a lot of maths knowledge
（3）What does the finding of the new research suggest?
A. Bees can recogize the exact number.
B. Arithmetic operations exist in human and bees.
C. Numerical cognition has been found in many more species.
D. Some primates, birds and even spiders can add and substract.
（4）What can be the best title for the text?
A. A Discovery About the Tiny Brain of Bees
B. New Findings About Bees Having Numerical Cogintion
C. Numerical Cognition Requires a Complex Level of Processing
D. The Relationship Between Brain Size and Brain Power
【答案】（1）D
（2）B
（3）C
（4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，RMIT大学的研究人员发现了蜜蜂能做基本的数学。

此前的研究表明，一些灵长类动物、鸟类、婴儿甚至蜘蛛都可以加减法。

发表在《科学进展》(Science Advances)杂志上的这项新研究将蜜蜂也列入了这一名单。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的“Australia showed that bees could perform arithmetic operations like addition and subtraction (减法).”澳大利亚证明蜜蜂可以做加法和减法等算术运算。

”可知，RMIT大学的研究人员发现了蜜蜂能做基本的数学。

故选D。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第五段中的“If math doesn't require a massive brain, there might also be new ways for us to include interactions of both long-term rules and working memory in designs to improve rapid AI learning of new problems,”如果数学不需要一个巨大的大脑，那么在设计中，我们也可能有新的方法来包括长期规则和工作记忆的互动，从而提高人工智能
对新问题的快速学习，可知，Adrian Dyer认为，蜜蜂的数字认知对人工智能的未来发展可能有影响。

故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据倒数第二段中的“Many species can understand the difference between quantities and use this to search for food, make decisions and solve problems. But numerical cognition, such as exact number and arithmetic operations, requires a more complex level of processing.”许多物种都能理解数量之间的差异，并以此来寻找食物、做出决定和解决问题。

但是数字认知，比如精确的数字和算术运算，需要更复杂的处理。

可知，新研究的发现说明了在更多的物种中发现了数字认知。

故选C。

（4）考查主旨大意。

根据最后一段中的“Previous studies have s hown some primates (灵长目动物), birds, babies and even spiders can add and/or subtract. The new research, published in Science Advances, adds bees to that list.”此前的研究表明，一些灵长类动物、鸟类、婴儿甚至蜘蛛都可以加减法。

发表在《科学进展》(Science Advances)杂志上的这项新研究将蜜蜂也列入了这一名单。

”故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．犇犇阅读理解
The Alexander technique
Until earlier this year, I didn't know anything about the Alexander technique—and saw no reason to think I should. One day, the backache I regularly suffered was more painful. I was brought up to think that the preferred way of dealing with aches is to do nothing and hope they'll go away, but I eventually went to the doctor. After examining me, he said, "You actually have bad posture (姿势). Go off and learn the Alexander technique." Three months later I could walk straighter and sit better.
The Alexander technique is a way of learning how you can get rid of harmful tension in your body. The teaching focuses on the neck, head and back. It trains you to use your body less severely and carry out the movements that we do all the time with less effort. There is little effort in the lessons themselves, which sets apart the Alexander technique from yoga or pilates, which are exercise-based. A typical lesson involves standing in front of a chair and learning to sit and stand with minimum effort. You spend some time lying on a bench with your knees bent to straighten the spine (脊椎) and relax your body while the teacher moves your arms and legs to train you to move them correctly.
The technique helps to break the bad habits accumulated over years. Try folding your arms the opposite way to normal. This is an example of a habit the body has formed which can be hard to break. Many of us carry our heads too far back. The head weighs four to six kilos, so any inappropriate posture can cause problems for the body. The technique teaches you to let go of the muscles holding the head back, allowing it to go back to its natural place on the top of our spines.
So who was Alexander and how did he come up with the technique? Frederick Alexander, an
Australian actor born in 1869, found in his youth that he had vocal (声音的) problems during performances. He analyzed himself and realized his posture was bad. He worked on improving it, with excellent results. He brought his technique to London and opened a teacher-training school, which is still successful today.
So if you're walking along the road one day with shoulders bent forward, feeling weighed down by your troubles, give a thought to the Alexander technique. It will help you walk tall again.
（1）What does the author suggest in Paragraph 1?
A. She felt no better after the treatment.
B. She got bored with the Alexander technique.
C. She was sceptical about the doctor's method.
D. She was unwilling to seek treatment for her backache.
（2）What is the principle of the Alexander technique?
A. Physical tension shouldn't be completely relieved.
B. The technique shouldn't be combined with other exercises.
C. The practice of the technique shouldn't be attempted alone.
D. Familiar physical actions shouldn't be done with much effort.
（3）What can we learn about Frederick Alexander?
A. He managed to recover his vocal powers.
B. He was eager to make a name for himself.
C. He developed a form of exercise for actors.
D. He had to leave home to develop his technique.
（4）What is the main idea of the passage?
A. The occurrence of back pain is widespread.
B. Alexander improved the technique to treat body pain.
C. The Alexander technique helps overcome posture problems.
D. People with back pain are victims of inappropriate postures.
【答案】（1）D
（2）D
（3）A
（4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍亚历山大技巧的对于矫正身体的作用以及其发明者。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第一段中的“I was brought up to think that the preferred way of dealing with aches is to do nothing and hope they'll go away, but I eventually went to the doctor.”可知，作者从小就被灌输这样的思维，处理疼痛的更好办法就是不做任何事情，希望疼痛自行消失，但是却最终不得不去看医生，故可知，作者看医生都是迫不得已，故选D。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第二段中的“It trains you to use your body less severely and carry out the movements that we do all the time with less effort.”可知，亚历山大技巧让你更合理使用身体，用最小的努力来做那些习惯性的动作，故可知，该技巧的原则就是用最小的力来做习惯性的动作，故选D。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据倒数第二段中的“Frederick Alexander, an Australian actor born in 1869, found in his youth that he had vocal (声音的) problems during performances. He analyzed himself and realized his posture was bad. He worked on improving it, with excellent res ults.”可知，弗雷德里克·亚历山大，一个出身于186年的澳大利亚演员，在年轻的时候声音出了问题。

他做了分析，意识到自己的姿势不正确，因此致力于改善姿势，结果很好，故可知，他通过矫正姿势，解决了自己的声音问题，故选A。

（4）考查主旨大意。

本文介绍亚历山大技巧的对于矫正身体的作用以及其发明者，故可知在介绍亚历山大技巧的作用，故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

4．犇犇阅读理解
A study found wireless signals are able to pass through bags and suitcases to judge the sizes of dangerous metal objects and identify them." These items could include weapons, chemicals, laptops and batteries for bombs, "the research team said on Tuesday.
Research suggested that Wi-Fi can now be used to estimate the volume of liquids such as water, acid, alcohol and other chemicals for explosive material. The study led by researchers at the Wireless Information Network Laboratory (WINLAB) in the School. of Engineering showed a wireless device with two to three antennas(天线)that could be fitted in existing Wi-Fi networks. The detection system analyzes what happens when wireless signals go through and bounce off objects or materials. The approach, which the paper states, works by separating the wireless interference(干扰)caused by two factors of objects-the material and shape." Most dangerous objects such as weapons are usually metal or liquid, which have significant interference," researchers said.
When it was tested on a backpack, the accuracy rate topped 95 percent. "But the accuracy dropped to about 90 percent when objects inside bags are wrapped. And the tech could save lives if used in museums, stadiums, theme parks or schools," the team said, noting its design can inspect bags or luggage without being an exposure to privacy.
It uses channel state information (CSI) that is readily available in low-cost Wi-Fi devices." This could have a great impact on protecting the public from dangerous objects," said Yingying Chen, a co-author of the study," There's a growing need for that now. In large public areas, it's hard to set up expensive screening equipment like what's in airports. Manpower is always needed to check bags and we want to develop a m ethod to try to reduce manpower.”
The peer-reviewed study, which recently won a best paper award at the 2018 IEEE Conference on Communications and Network Security, is now published online." Future work will continue to focus on ameliorating the accuracy of identifying objects and imaging shapes and volumes," researchers said.
（1）What does paragraph 3 talk about?
A. The function of the technique.
B. The way the device works.
C. The principle the study is based on.
D. The benefit of the study findings.
（2）What's the advantage of the device?
A. It saves people in danger of natural disasters.
B. It passes through bags without damaging them.
C. It uses antennas to pick up networks' signals.
D. It protects personal information from being disturbed.
（3）Why did the researchers study the device according to Yingying Chen?
A. To save money and labour.
B. To make full use of Wi-Fi.
C. To protect passengers' privacy.
D. To research dangerous objects.
（4）Which of the following can replace the underlined word “ameliorating" in the last paragraph?
A. Confirming.
B. Improving.
C. Discovering.
D. Examining.
【答案】（1）B
（2）D
（3）A
（4）B
【解析】【分析】本是一篇说明文，介绍了研究人员发现，WiFi可用于可用于安检。

（1）考查段落大意。

根据第三段中的“The detection system analyzes what happens when wireless signals go through and bounce off objects or materials.”这个检测系统分析信号在物体和材料上穿透和反射时会发生什么。

可知选B。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第四段中的“noting its design can inspect bags or luggage without being an exposure to privacy.”可知，不用打开和检查人们的个人物品，避免了侵犯隐私，可知选D。

（3）考查推理判断，根据第五段中的“In large public areas, it's hard to set up expensive screening equipment like what's in airports. Manpower is always needed to check bags and we want to develop a method to try to reduce manpower.”在大型公共场所，很难像机场那样设置昂贵的安检设施。

检查行李总是需要人力，我们希望开发一种互补的方法来减少人力，可推知选A。

（4）考查词义猜测。

根据最后一段中的“Future work will continue to focus on ameliorating the accuracy of identifying objects and imaging shapes and volumes”今后的工作将继续侧重于提高识别物体和成像形状及体积的准确性，故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和段落大意四个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

5．犇犇Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.
Stocky, slow-moving whale, rarely grows beyond 15 metres in length
Flippers are a third of body length; variable dorsal fin size and shape; saw-toothed trailing edge on flukes, often raised when diving
Bumpy tubercles on top of head
Body colour is dark brown to black; often extensive white on flippers and underside of body and flukes; such patterns enable individual recognition
Bushy blow, occasionally V-shaped
270-400 olive baleen plates
Humpback whales belong to the rorqual (groove-throated) family, which includes fin, sei, Bryde's, minke and blue whales. The big family migrate between winter tropical breeding areas (North West Shelf, Great Barrier Reef, New Caledonia, Vanuatu, Fiii, Tonga) and summer Antarctic feeding areas. Once common in New Zealand waters, humpbacks are now rarely seen and may migrate further offshore. Males compete for mates either by physical fight or by song. Females give birth to their young every two to three years; some non-breeding females probably remain in the southern waters during winter. Young humpback whales return to their area of birth but in later life some wander between breeding areas. Humpbacks eat small shrimps and other schooling prey, such as fish, forming small, cooperative groups of two to three individuals to feed. Similar species: Easily identifiable due to a 'hump' back when submerging, but at a distance may be confused with other species that raise their flukes when diving, such as sperm, right and blue whales.
Protection status: Recovering well from past whaling and now numerous in some former migration and aggregation areas, rarely seen in others.
（1）Which of the following is TRUE about humpback whales?
A. Their long flippers vary in length, size and shape like dorsal fin.
B. They are large and likely to grow longer than 15 metres.
C. The different colors and patterns of the body help to be recognized.
D. Their bumpy tubercles and blowholes are on both sides of head.
（2）Which of the following can be inferred from this article's description of humpback whales' migration?
A. They need warmer waters to breed.
B. They can't survive in extreme cold.
C. They find plentiful food in tropical waters.
D. They are mostly hunted in New Zealand waters.
（3）This article is mainly intended to .
A. explain why humpbacks are still hunted in some parts of the world
B. introduce how humpbacks migrate through some dangerous waters
C. popularize the basic knowledge of humpbacks and call for protection
D. help distinguish humpbacks from other similar species
【答案】（1）C
（2）A
（3）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了座头鲸外形特点、体重、颜色，以及其如何繁殖、喂养等生活习性等，并呼吁大家保护它。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第四个小点后的一段"Body color is dark brown to black; often extensive white on flippers and underside of body and flukes; such patterns enable individual recognition"可知，座头鲸体色由深棕色至黑色，脚蹼、身体底部和尾鳍上通常是大面积的白色；这样的图案使单个的座头鲸很容易被识别。

分析选项可知C项符合题意，故选C。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第五个小黑点后面的"The big family migrate between winter tropical breeding areas (North West Shelf, Great Barrier Reef, New Caledonia, Vanuatu, Fiii, Tonga) and summer Antarctic feeding areas." 座头鲸这个大家族在冬季的热带繁殖区（西北大陆架、大堡礁、新喀里多尼亚、瓦努阿图、斐济、汤加）和夏季南极喂养区之间迁徙。

可知，座头鲸在热带地区繁殖。

冬季的热带繁殖区，是温暖的地方。

可知座头鲸需要在暖和的地方繁殖，故选A。

（3）考查主旨大意。

本文主要对座头鲸外形特点、体重、颜色，以及其如何繁殖喂养等生活习性等作了介绍，并呼吁大家保护意识。

所以本文目的是普及有关座头鲸的知识，并对它们加以保护。

分析选项可知C项符合题意，故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

6．犇犇阅读理解
Kaitlin Woolley and Ayelet Fishbach report in Psychological Science that a meal taken "family-style" from a central plate can greatly improve the outcome of later negotiations.
Having conducted previous research in 2017 revealing that eating similar foods led to people feeling emotionally closer to one another, Dr Woolley and Dr Fishbach wondered whether the way in which food was served also had a psychological effect. They theorized that, on the one hand, sharing food with other people might indicate food scarcity（短缺）and increase a feeling of competition. However, they also reasoned that it could instead lead people to become more aware of others' needs and drive cooperative behavior as a result. Curious to find out, they did a series of experiments.
For the first test they recruited 100 pairs of participants from a local cafe, none of whom knew
each other. The participants were seated at a table and fed tortilla chips with salsa. Half the pairs were given their own basket of 20 grams of chips and a bowl of 25 grams of salsa, and half were given 40 grams of chips and 50 grams of salsa to share. As a cover for the experiment, all participants were told this snack was to be consumed before the game began.
The game asked the participants to negotiate an hourly wage rate during a fictional strike. Each person was randomly assigned to represent the union or management and follow a set of rules. The researchers measured cooperation by noting the number of rounds it took to reach an agreement, and found that those who shared food resolved the strike significantly faster（in 8. 7rounds）than those who did not（13.2 rounds）. A similar experiment was conducted with 104
participants and Goldfish crackers（饼干）, this time negotiating an airline's route prices. The results were much the same, with the food-sharers negotiating successfully 63. 3%of the time and those who did not share doing so 42. 9%of the time.
（1）What does the "family-style" meal in the report refer to？
A. A meal taken at home.
B. A meal shared with others.
C. A meal consumed by oneself.
D. A meal taken in a family atmosphere.
（2）For what purpose did the researchers carry out the present experiments?
A. To show the way food is served.
B. To prove sharing food increases competition.
C. To confirm sharing food can promote cooperation.
D. To find out whether sharing food can get people close emotionally.
（3）Why were participants asked to eat up the snack before the game?
A. To add to their energy.
B. To reward them for their participation.
C. To hide the intention of the experiment.
D. To avoid the distraction during the game.
【答案】（1）B
（2）C
（3）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了外交宴席的心理学，研究表明，从中间菜采取的“家庭式”餐，可以大大改善后续谈判的结果。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“They theorized that, on the one hand, sharing food with other people might indicate food scarcity（短缺）and increase a feeling of competition. However, they also reasoned that it could instead lead people to become more aware of others' needs and drive cooperative behavior as a result.”他们形成了一套理论，认为一方面，与他人一起吃饭可能表明粮食短缺，并加强了竞争的概念。

然而，他们还推断，这种方式可能会导致人们更加了解他人的需求，从而推动合作性的行为。

可知family-style指的是与别人一起用餐，故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“However, they also reasoned that it could instead lead people to become more aware of others' needs and drive cooperative behavior as a result. Curious to find out, they di d a series of experiments.”然而，他们还推断，这种方式可能会导致人们更加了解他人的需求，从而推动合作性的行为。

出于好奇心，他们做了一系列实
验。

可知选C。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“As a cover for the experiment, all participants were told this snack was to be consumed before the game began.”作为实验的掩护，所有受试者都得告在游戏开始前就要吃完这些零食。

可知选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。

7．犇犇阅读理解
Hacking isn't just for computers and smartphones, According to a study published last week in the journal Science, scientists have found a way to hack a plant's genes in order to make it use sunlight more quickly. Someday, the results could increase the amount of food produced around the world.
Photosynthesis（光合作用）is the word used to describe how plants use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to make their own food. Scientists who conducted the new study say this is a very slow process. Plants use less than 1 percent of the energy available to therm. But by hacking a plant's genes, the scientists were able to increase the amount of leaf growth on plants between 14 and 20 percent.
"Specifically, scientists hacked the plant's protective system. Normally, this system is activated when a plant gets too much sunlight, "said scientist Krishna Niyogi, co-author of the study. When the plant senses the light, it gets rid of extra energy and creates more leaves. When the plant is in shade, the protective system is turned off, but the process is slow.
Stephen Long is the lead author of the study. He compared a plant's protective system to light-adjusting glasses. When a person wears the glasses outside during the day, the lenses（镜片）darken and lighten depending on how sunny it is. Plants do the same thing, he said. But in plants the adjustment can take anywhere from 10 minutes to an hour. This makes it hard for plants to get the right amount of sunlight needed to create food.
The new study sped up the process. By changing the plant's genes, the protective system turned on and off more quickly than normal. As a result, leaf growth on the plants scientists used in the study increased. Leaf growth in two plants increased by 20 percent, while leaf growth on a third plant increased by 14 percent. Scientists conducted the study on tobacco plants. But they think the genetic changes will produce the same results in corn and rice.
（1）What will happen to the plants when scientists change plants' genes？
A. They will become weaker and weaker.
B. They will grow fast to produce more food.
C. They will have more beautiful flowers.
D. They will depend less on sunlight.
（2）Why does the author mention light-adjusting glasses？
A. To warn people of the hot and bright sun.
B. To explain the principle of plants' protective system.
C. To help leaves of the plants absorb sunlight.
D. To serve the science experiment smoothly.
（3）In the future, the genetic changes will be used to.
A. improve tobacco plants' quality
B. increase tobacco plants' leaves and roots
C. improve the flowers' living time
D. increase the production of corn and rice
（4）Which of the following can be the theme of this text？
A. Hacking plants for more production
B. Leaf growing more quickly
C. Double production of tobacco plants
D. Photosynthesis and production
【答案】（1）B
（2）B
（3）D
（4）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，科学家通过改变植物的基因，加快光合作用的速度，使植物叶子生长迅速，从而提高植物产量。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的“ scientists have found a way to hack a plant's genes in order to make it use sunlight more quickly. Someday, the results could increase the amount of food produced around the world. ”可知，科学家发现改变植物基因会使植物的光合作用速度加快，将来会增加全球植物的产量。

故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第四段中的“ He compared a plant's protective system to light-adjusting glasses. When a person wears the glasses outside during the day, the lenses（镜片）darken and lighten depending on how sunny it is. Plants do the same thing, he said. But in plants the adjustment can take anywhere from 10 minutes to an hour. ”可知，作者提到镜片是为了说明植物的保护系统的工作原理与镜片相同。

故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据最后一段中的“ But they think the genetic changes will produ ce the same results in corn and rice. ”但是他们认为基因的改变将在玉米和水稻中产生相同的结果。

可知选D。

（4）考查主旨大意，根据文章内容可知，科学家改变植物的基因，加快光合作用的速度，使植物叶子生长迅速，从而提高植物产量。

故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

8．阅读理解
Darrell Blatchley, a marine biologist and environmentalist based in the Philippine city of Davao, received a call from the Philippines, Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (渔业与水产资源局) early Friday morning reporting a death of a young whale.
When the necropsy (尸检) was performed, Blatchley told NPR, he was not prepared for the amount of plastic they found in the whale's stomach. "It was full of plastic nothing but nonstop plastic." he said "It was filled to the point that its stomach was as hard as a baseball." That means that this animal has been suffering not for days or weeks but for months or even a year or more," Blatchley added.
Blatchley is the founder and owner of the D'Bone Collector Museum, a natural history museum in Davao. In the coming days, the museum will display all the items found in the whale's system. Blatchley and his team work with the Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources and other。