古代名言英汉互译

题型：
一．填空
二．翻译典籍篇名
三．中翻英（14句）
四．将一首绝句译成英文。

五．英译中。

典籍篇名：
《管子》The Works of Guanzi
《韩非子》The Works of Hanfeizi
《墨子》The Works of Mozi
《礼记》The Book of Rites (of the Warring States Period)
《孟子》The Works of Mencius
《尚书》The Book of History
《诗经》The Book of Poetry
《孙子兵法》The Art of War by Sunzi
《吕氏春秋》Lü Buwei et al: Lü's Almanac
《荀子》The Works of Xunzi
《周易》The Book of Changes
《庄子》The Works of Zhuangzi
《论语》The Analects of Confucius
《楚辞》The Songs of Chu
汉乐府Yuefu Poems (of the Han Dynasty)
老子《道德经》The Book of Tao and Teh
《尚书》名言英译
1［名言］功亏一篑。

［注解］亏:缺少。

篑(kuì):土筐,这里作量词。

［English］It is left unfinished for lack of only one basketful of earth.
2［名言］满招损,谦受益。

［English］Complacency spells loss, while modesty brings benefit.
One loses by complacency and gains by modesty.
《周易》名言英译
1［名言］君子藏器于身,待时而动。

［注解］器:器具,指射猎用的弓箭之类,喻才学。

［出处］《周易·系辞下》：“君子藏器于身，待时而动，何不利之有？”
［English］The superior man keeps his weapon concealed about his person, and waits for the proper time（right moment）to move/act.
2［名言］仁者见之谓之仁,知者见之谓之知。

［English］The benevolent see it and call it benevolence. The wise see it and call it wisdom.
《礼记》名言The Book of Rites(of the Warring States Period)
1［名言］苛政猛于虎也。

［English］Tyranny is fiercer than a tiger.
2［名言］大道之行也,天下为公。

选贤与能,讲信修睦。

故人不独亲其亲,不独子其子,使老有所终,壮有所用,幼有所长,矜寡孤独废疾者皆有所养。

男有分,女有归。

货恶其弃于地也,不必藏于己；力恶其不出于身也,不必为己。

是故谋闭而不兴,盗窃乱贼而不作,故外户而不闭,是谓大同。

［English］：When the way of virtue and justice prevailed, the whole world was one community. Then nobody was promoted but those of worth and talent. No doctrines were taught but those of sincerity and harmony, and they were followed in moral cultivation. Thus men did not love only their own parents or treat only their own sons as their children.
A life-long provision was made for the aged; employment was found for the able-bodied and, for the young, an environment in which they could mature. Widows, orphans, childless men and those disabled by disease were sufficiently provided for. Males had their proper work, and females their homes.
They did not like to throw things away on the ground but kept them, not necessarily for their gratification so that they might share them with others. They did not happily enjoy things which they had not paid for by their own efforts, and did not work simply for their own good. Therefore exploitation was suppressed. There were no robbers, tricksters, rebels or traitors. The outer doors remained open. This is what was meant by the “Universal Harmony”.
3［名言］学然后知不足,教然后知困。

［English］One can hardly know the limitation of his knowledge until he begins to learn, and when he teaches he will learn there are still many unsolved problems.
4［名言］教学相长。

［English］Those who teach and those who learn may improve each other.
5［名言］独学而无友,则孤陋而寡闻。

［English］Learning without exchanging views with others may leave one ignorant and ill-informed.
6［名言］仁者，人也；亲亲为大。

义者，宜也；尊贤为大。

［注解］亲亲:亲近亲属（父母）,第一个“亲”字为动词。

［English］Benevolence is the characteristic element of humanity, and the great exercise of it is in loving relatives. Righteousness is the accordance of actions with what is right, and the great exercise of it is in honouring the worthy.
7［名言］凡事豫则立,不豫则废。

［注解］豫:通“预”,预防。

（豫:预备，事先准备。

）
［English］In all things success depends on previous preparation. Without such preparation there is sure to be failure.
In doing anything you will succeed if you make preparations. Without preparations you are bound to fail.
8［名言］大学之道,在明明德,在亲民,在止于至善。

What the Great Learning teaches is to illustrate splendid virtues, to renovate the people, and to arrive at the supreme good
The Way of Great Learning lies in illustrating splendid virtues and endearing oneself to the people so as to reach perfection. （此译“亲民”指亲近民众。

）
9［名言］博学而不穷,笃行而不倦。

［English］The scholar learns extensively, and never allows his researches to come to an end; he
practises with all his might, but is never weary.
《孟子》The Works of Mencius
1［名言］得道者多助,失道者寡助。

寡助之至,亲戚畔之。

多助之至,天下顺之。

［English］He who practises humanity has many to support him. He who goes against humanity has few to support him. In extreme cases, the latter will find even his own relatives turning against him, while the former will have the whole world to follow him.
2［名言］富贵不能淫,贫贱不能移,威武不能屈,此之谓大丈夫。

［English］Neither riches nor honours can corrupt him; neither poverty nor low position can make him swerve from principle; neither power nor force can make him bend －these are the qualities that constitute a great man.
3［名言］老吾老,以及人之老;幼吾幼,以及人之幼。

［English］Show respect for the aged in one's family and for those of other families; extend love to the young ones in one's family and to those of other families.
4［名言］穷则独善其身,达则兼善天下。

［English］In poverty, one would cultivate his own virtue. In prosperity, he would benefit all under heaven.
《孙子兵法》The Art of War by Sunzi
1［名言］攻其无备,出其不意。

［English］Attack where he is unprepared, and sally out when he does not expect you.
•Strike when and where the enemy is unprepared.
2［名言］知彼知己,百战不殆;不知彼而知己,一胜一负;不知彼不知己,每战必败。

（《孙子兵法·谋攻》）
［English］He who has a thorough knowledge of his own conditions as well as the enemy's is sure to win; he who has a thorough knowledge of his own conditions but not the enemy's has an even chance of winning and losing a battle; and he who has neither a thorough knowledge of his own conditions nor the enemy's is sure to lose in every battle.
《吕氏春秋》Lü Buwei et al: Lü's Almanac
1［名言］流水不腐,户枢不蠹。

（《吕氏春秋·尽数》）
［English］Flowing water does not go foul, and a moving door hinge does not get worm-eaten.
老子《道德经》The Book of Tao and Teh
1［名言］道可道,非常道;名可名,非常名。

［English］The Tao that can be talked about is not the eternal Tao, and the name that can be named is not the eternal name.
2［名言］千里之行,始于足下。

［English］ A journey of one thousand li starts from where you stand.
• A journey of a thousand miles starts with the first step.
3［名言］上善若水,水利万物而不争。

［English］The highest goodness is like water, which benefits all things instead of contending with them.
4［名言］知人者智,自知者明。

［English］He who understands others well is wise; he who knows himself well has insight.
5［名言］大器晚成。

［English］Of the utensils the most precious takes the longest time to be finished.
•Great talents ripen late.
6［名言］祸兮福之所倚,福兮祸之所伏。

［English］Bad fortune is what good fortune leans on. Good fortune is what bad fortune hides in.
•Disaster hides itself behind good fortune, and good fortune leans against disaster.
《论语》The Analects of Confucius
1［名言］质胜文则野,文胜质则史。

［English］When one's simplicity is in excess of his outward grace, he will look uncultivated; when one's outward grace is in excess of his simplicity, he will seem to be superficial.
2［名言］文质彬彬,然后君子。

［English］When the accomplishments and solid qualities are equally blended, we then have the man of complete virtue.
Only when his outward grace and inner qualities are harmoniously blended, can he become a man of virtue.
3［名言］知之为知之,不知为不知,是知也。

［English］To know what one really understands and to admit what one does not know are true knowledge. 〔此译“是知也”意为这是真知晓。

〕
It is wise to know what one really understands and to admit what one does not know. 〔此译“是知也”即“是智也”,意为这就是聪明。

〕
4［名言］成事不说,遂事不谏,既往不咎。

［English］It is needless to speak about what you have accomplished. It is needless to remonstrate(抗议) about what has had its course. And it is needless to blame things that are past. 5［名言］父母在,不远游,游必有方。

［English］While his parents are alive, the son may not go far away. If he does go afar, he must have a fixed place to which he goes
6［名言］《诗》三百,一言以蔽之,曰:“思无邪。

”
［English］In The Book of Poetry are three hundred pieces, but the design of them all may be embraced in one expression: “Have no depraved thoughts.”
For the three hundred pieces in the The Book of Poetry, the single conclusion is: “Have no depraved thoughts.”
《庄子》The Works of Zhuangzi
1［名言］吾生也有涯,而知也无涯。

［English］There is a limit to our lives, but there is no limit to knowledge.
2［名言］来世不可待,往世不可追也。

［English］The future is not to be waited for; the past is not to be sought again!
We cannot expect what will come out in the future, and we cannot retrieve what has passed.
《荀子》The Works of Xunzi
1［名言］不积跬步,无以至千里;不积小流,无以成江海。

（《荀子·劝学》）［English］Without small steps, no long distance can be covered; without tiny streams, no rivers and seas can be accumulated.
2［名言］不闻不若闻之,闻之不若见之,见之不若知之,知之不若行之。

学至于行之而止矣。

《荀子·儒效》）
［English］It is better to hear something than not to hear it; it is better to see something than to hear it; it is better to understand something than to see it; it is better to practise something than to understand it. Learning ends up in practice.
3［名言］君者,舟也;庶人者,水也。

水则载舟,水则覆舟。

（《荀子·王制》）［English］The relationship between a king and the common people is similar to that between a boat and water. It is on water that a boat floats, and it is in water that a boat may capsize.
汉乐府Yuefu Poems (of the Han Dynasty)
汉乐府Music Bureau of the Han Dynasty
1［名言］少壮不努力,老大徒伤悲。

［English］If one does not exert oneself in youth, one will regret it in old age.
•If one does not make good use of his youth, he will pass his old age in ruth.
•Laziness in youth spells regret in old age.
•
楚辞The Songs of Chu
1［名言］路曼曼其脩远兮,吾将上下而求索。

（《离骚》）
［English］The way ahead is long and I see no ending, yet high and low I'll search with my will unbending.
The way ahead is very very long and I'll seek my ideal high and low.
2［名言］鸟飞反故乡兮,狐死必首丘。

［白话］飞鸟飞走多远也要返回故林，狐狸临死头也要朝向生身的山冈。

《楚辞·九章·哀郢》［English］ A bird flies nowhere but home-bound. A dying fox turns its head to its mound. “Lament for the Chu Capital”
3［名言］亦余心之所善兮,虽九死其犹未悔。

（《楚辞·离骚》）
［注解］亦:只要(实在，毕竟)
既替余以蕙纕兮，又申之以揽茝。

……
［白话］这是我心中追求的东西，就是死很多次也不后悔。

［English］My heart tells me it's good and I won't regret to die nine times for it.
•“The Lament”
《管子》The Works of Guanzi
1［名言］仓廪实则知礼节,衣食足则知荣辱。

（《管子·牧民》）
［English］When there are substantial stores, people will know the right way to behave themselves. When people have enough clothing and food, they will know the difference between right and wrong.
将一首古诗译成中文：
静夜思“A Tranquil Night”
床前明月光,疑是地上霜。

举头望明月,低头思故乡。

•Before my bed is a pool of pale light,
•Can it be hoarfrost on the ground?
•Looking up, I find the moon bright;
•Bowing, in homesickness I'm drowned.
望庐山瀑布
日照香炉生紫烟,遥看瀑布挂前川。

飞流直下三千尺,疑是银河落九天。

•T he sunlit Censer Peak exhales a wreath of cloud;
•L ike an upended stream the cataract sounds loud.
•I ts torrent dashes down three thousand feet from high,
•A s if the Silver River fell from azure sky.
题西林壁
横看成岭侧成峰，远近高低各不同。

不识庐山真面目，只缘身在此山中
•I t's a range viewed in face and peaks viewed from the side,
•A ssuming different shapes viewed from far and wide.
•O f Mountain Lu we cannot make out the true face,
•F or we are lost in the heart of the very place.
英语习语的翻译
习语(idiom)：
•比喻性词组(metaphorical phrase) 俚语(slang) 俗语(colloquialism) 谚语(proverb) •a bad apple 坏蛋 a hen-pecked husband 妻管严，怕老婆的男人
•fat cat 大款; bosom friends 知心朋友kick ass 了不起
习语的特点
•1. 习语的民族性(National Character)
•（1）不同民族语言的共性
a．英语汉语中都有大量与“心脏heart”有关的习语：
heart and soul(全心全意)
heart to heart(贴心地,坦率地)
b．生活经历相似，经验相似
Strike while the iron is hot.(趁热打铁)
Haste makes waste.(欲速则不达)
•（2）民族语言的特性
•汉语用：“雨后春笋”；英语用：“like mushrooms”（像蘑菇一般）
•Love me, love my dog.（爱屋及乌）
•2. 习语的民间性(Folk Character)
•As a man sows, so shall he reap.（种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆）
•A stitch in time saves nine.(一针及时省九针；小洞不补，大洞吃苦）
•3. 习语的整体性(Semantic Unity)
•bring down the house（博得全场喝彩，小题大做）
•carry coals to Newcastle（多此一举）
•pass the hat around（募捐）
•the apple of one’s eyes
•4. 习语的比喻性(Figurativeness)
•as silent as the grave（鸦雀无声）
•as cool as a cucumber（泰然自若)
•5. 习语的特异性(Peculiarity)
•第一，不合逻辑性。

•face the music (接受批评)
•grass widow(离了婚的女子/被遗弃或丈夫暂别的女子)
•第二，不可类比性。

不能通过类比(analogy)的方法变通。

•upside down(乱七八糟)——downside up*
•black and blue(青一块,紫一块) ,不能将其转换为“:blue and black”或“blue and purple”•存在类似结构的谚语：
•Like father，like son.
•有其父必有其子。

Like mother, like daughter.
•Like author，like book.
•文如其人。

Like for like.
一报还一报。

Like knows like.
惺惺相惜。

Like tree, like fruit.
羊毛出在羊身上。

第三，言简意赅，省略，非严格语法。

Nothing venture, nothing gain.
If you venture nothing, you will have nothing.
Nothing brave, nothing have.
Learn not and know not.
不学无术。

•6. 习语的和谐性(Euphony)
•fair and square(光明正大)
•by hook or by crook(不择手段)
•Out of sight, out of mind.(眼不见为净)
•Penny wise, pound foolish.(小事聪明,大事糊涂) •Where there’s a will, there’s a way.(有志者,事竟成)
——绝妙之译
Beggars cannot be choosers.
饥不择食。

*
To err is human; to forgive, divine.
犯错误在人,宽恕在神。

*
The penniless traveler will sing in the presence of a robber. •He who hesitates is lost.
A miss is as good as mile.
差之毫厘,谬以千里。

英语谚语枚举
A bad thing never dies.
遗臭万年。

Actions speak louder than words.
事实胜于雄辩。

A faithful friend is hard to find.
知音难觅。

A fall into a pit, a gain in your wit.
A fox may grow gray, but never good.
A good beginning makes a good ending.
A good conscience is a soft pillow.
A good medicine tastes bitter.
Good medicine for health tastes bitter to the mouth.
A little body often harbors a great soul.
浓缩的都是精品。

All good things come to an end.
天下没有不散的筵席。

All that glitters is not gold.
闪光的不一定都是金子。

A new broom sweeps clean.
新官上任三把火。

An eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth.
以眼还眼，以牙还牙。

A straight foot is not afraid of a crooked shoe.
身正不怕影子斜。

A word spoken is past recalling.
一言既出，驷马难追。

Bad news has wings.
好事不出门，坏事传千里。

Beauty lies in the love's eyes.
情人眼里出西施。

Birds of a feather flock together.
物以类聚，人以群分。

Business is the salt of life.
事业是人生的第一需要。

Caution is the parent of safety.
小心驶得万年船。

Fear always springs from ignorance.
恐惧源于无知。

Content is better than riches.
知足者常乐。

Custom makes all things easy.
有个好习惯，事事皆不难。

Diamond cuts diamond.
强中自有强中手。

Don't make a mountain out of a molehill.
不要小题大做。

Don't trouble trouble until trouble troubles you.
不要自找麻烦
Each bird love to hear himself sing.
孤芳自赏。

Every man has his faults.
金无足赤，人无完人。

Fortune knocks once at least at every man's gate.
风水轮流转。

Give a dog a bad name and hang him.
众口铄金，积毁销骨。

God helps those who help themselves.
自助者天助。

英语习语及名言
He is a good friend that speaks well of us behind our backs.
背后说好话，才是真朋友。

He is not fit to command others that cannot command himself. 正人先正己。

He laughs best who laughs last.
谁笑到最后，谁笑得最好。

Hope for the best, but prepare for the worst.
抱最好的愿望，做最坏的打算。

If you make yourself an ass, don't complain if people ride you. 人善被人欺，马善被人骑。

If you run after two hares, you will catch neither.
脚踏两条船，必定要落空。

If you sell the cow, you sell her milk too.
杀鸡取卵。

It is no use crying over spilt milk.
覆水难收。

It is too late to grieve when the chance is past.
坐失良机，后悔莫及。

It never rains but it pours.
不鸣则已，一鸣惊人。

Nothing in the world is difficult for one who sets his mind to it. 世上无难事，只怕有心人。

One boy is a boy, two boys half a boy, three boys no boy.
一个和尚挑水喝，两个和尚抬水喝，三个和尚没水喝。

Pride goes before, and shame comes after.
骄傲使人落后。

Success belongs to the persevering.
坚持就是胜利。

Take things as they come.
既来之，则安之。

Talk of the devil and he will appear.
说曹操，曹操就到。

The cat shuts its eyes when stealing.
掩耳盗铃。

The grass is greener on the other side.
这山望着那山高。

The world is but a little place, after all.
海内存知己，天涯若比邻。

Think twice before you do.
三思而后行。

When the fox preaches, take care of your geese.
黄鼠狼给鸡拜年——没安好心。

You never know what you can till you try.
是骡子是马，拉出来遛遛。

He that has horns in his bosom let him not put them on his head. 丑事心中藏，何必贴头上。

家丑不可外扬。

A cat may look at a king.
人人平等。

A close mouth catches no flies.
病从口入。

Come what may, heaven won't fall.
做你的吧，天塌不下来。

Creep before you walk.
循序渐进。

Every day is not Sunday.
好景不常在。

Every dog has his day.
谁都有得意的时候。

False friends are worse than bitter enemies.
明枪易躲，暗箭难防。

First impressions are half the battle.
初次见面，印象最深。

Great minds think alike.
英雄所见略同。

Great trees are good for nothing but shade.
大树底下好乘凉。

Happiness takes no account of time.
欢乐不觉时光过。

Happy is the man who learns from the misfortunes of others.
吸取他人教训，自己才会走运。

He sets the fox to keep the geese.
引狼入室。

He that climbs high falls heavily.
爬得越高，摔得越重。

It is better to die when life is a disgrace.
宁为玉碎，不为瓦全。

Keep good men company and you shall be of the number. 近朱者赤，近墨者黑。

Many hands make light work.
众人拾柴火焰高。

Many things grow in the garden that were never sown there. 有心栽花花不发，无心插柳柳成荫。

No cross, no crown.
不经历风雨，怎么见彩虹。

Rome is not built in a day.
冰冻三尺，非一日之寒。

The darkest hour is nearest the dawn.
黎明前的黑暗。

The devil knows many things because he is old.
老马识途。

The finest diamond must be cut.
玉不琢，不成器。

The frog in the well knows nothing of the great ocean.
坐井观天。

The more wit, the less courage.
初生牛犊不怕虎。

There is no medicine against death.
没有长生不老药。

There is no place like home.
金窝银窝不如咱的狗窝。

Time tries all.
路遥知马力，日久见人心。

All things are difficult before they are easy.
凡事必先难后易。

Misfortunes never come alone/single.
祸不单行。

Bad luck always comes in threes.
While there is life, there is hope.
留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。

A man can do no more than he can.
量力而行。

Gossip is a fearing thing.
人言可畏。

Example is better than precept.
言传不如身教。

The onlooker sees the game best.
旁观者清。

Care brings grey hair.
愁一愁，白了头。

Do not cry for the moon.
不要异想天开。

Do not cut down the tree that gives you shade.
不能过河拆桥。

Don’t climb a tree to look for fish.
不可缘木求鱼。

Bite off more than one can chew.
Don’t b ite off more than you can chew.
贪多嚼不烂。

Better be sure than sorry.
要安全，不要危险。

As you brew, so you must drink.
自作自受。

After rain comes fair weather.
否极泰来。

A tree is known by its fruit.
观其行而知其人。

A merry heart goes all the way.
心情愉快，办事痛快。

A little help is worth a deal of pity.
一次行动胜过一筐空话。

Happiness is a station between too much and too little. —Pollock, British jurist
幸福是太多和太少之间的一站。

——波洛克
Knowledge is a treasure, but practice is the key to it. —Thomas Fuller
知识是一座宝库，而实践是开启宝库的钥匙。

——富勒
Money is a good servant and a bad master. —Francis Bacon
金钱是善仆，也是恶主。

——培根
The reasonable man adapts himself to the world; the unreasonable one persists in trying to adapt the world to himself. —Bernard Shaw
明白事理的人使自己适应世界；不明事理的人总想使世界适应自己。

——肖伯纳
Reading makes a full man, conference a ready man, and writing an exact man. —Bacon
阅读使人充实，交谈使人机智，
写作使人精确。

——培根
It never will rain roses. When we want to have more roses we must plant trees. —George Eliot
天上永远不会掉下玫瑰来，如果想要更多的玫瑰，必须自己种植。

——乔治·艾略特Make up your mind to act decidedly and take the consequences. No good is ever done in this world by hesitation. —Thomas Huxley
下定决心，果断行动，并承担后果。

在这世界上犹豫不决成就不了任何事。

——托马斯·赫胥黎
Books are the quietest and most constant of friends; they are the most accessible and wisest of counselors; and the most patient of teachers. —C.W.Eliot
书籍是人类最宁静、最永恒的朋友，也是最易接近和最具智慧的顾问，还是最有耐心的良师益友。

——C.W.艾略特
The profoundest thought or passion sleeps as in a mine until an equal mind and heart finds and publishes it. —R.W.Emerson
最深刻的思想或感情就如同地底的矿藏，在等待着同样深沉的头脑与心灵去发现和开采。

——R.W.爱默生
中诗英译方法
1. 实词语义要定准
《古诗为焦仲卿妻作》：“妾不堪驱使，徒留无所施。

”
Waley: I said to myself, “I will not be driven away.”
Yet if I stay, what use will it be?
后改为：It is not in my power to do the task I am set; There is no use in staying for the sake of staying.
2.词性要判准
汉语缺乏形态变化，没有明确的词性标志，需认真辨识句中词的词性。

（1）杜甫《闻官军收河南河北》：“却看妻子愁何在？漫卷诗书喜欲狂。

”
Bynner 误以“愁”为动词：
•Where is my wife? Where are my sons?
Yet crazily sure of finding them, I pack my books and poems.
（2）汉语动词的特殊用法
杜甫《春望》：
“感时花溅泪，恨别鸟惊心。

”
Bynner：where petals have been shed like tears
And lonely birds have sung their grief.
3.注意虚词的作用
李白《月下独酌》：
“月既不解饮，影徒随我身。

”
Fletcher：The moon then drinks without a pause.
解：能够，会。

4.注意熟语的翻译
•汉语诗歌中表示序数词，常省略“第”。

李白《长干行》：“十六君远行，瞿塘滟滪堆，五月不可触，猿声天上哀。

”
Fletcher：For five months with you I cannot meet.
b. 惯用短语
“早晚下三巴，预将书报家，相迎不道远，直至长风沙。

”
“早晚”：无论早或晚Some day
Fletcher：Early and late *
Lowell: from early morning until late in the evening *
c. 典故
孟浩然《秦中寄远上人诗》：
“黄金燃桂尽，壮志逐年衰。

”
Bynner：Like ashes of gold in a cinnamon-flame.
《战国策·楚策三》：“楚国之食贵于玉，薪贵于桂，臣今食玉炊桂。

”（苏秦之楚）d.历史地理词语
白居易《赠梦得诗》：
“寻花借马烦川守，弄水偷船恼令公。

”
Waley：When seeking flowers, we borrowed his horse, the river-keeper was vexed; When, to play on the water, we stole his boat the Duke Ling was sore.
当时裴度以中书令晋国公为东都留守。

Duke Pei 或Duke of Chin
李白《闻王昌龄左迁龙标遥寄》：
“杨花落尽子规啼”
Lowell：In Yang-chou, the blossoms are dropping.
5.注意省略成分
（1）分辨主语
司空曙《贼平后送人北归》：
“晓月过残垒，繁星宿故关。

”
Bynner: The moon goes down behind a ruined fort,
Leaving star-clusters above an old gate.
（2）汉语连词常省，容易致误。

陶渊明《责子》：
“雍端年十三，不识六与七。

”
Budd: Yong-duan is thirteen now
Waley: Yung-tuan is thirteen
雍、端是两个孩子。

6.押韵问题
以诗译诗，注意押韵
英诗押韵多样式；
为押韵而灵活调整句子成分顺序。